Beige Minimalist Neutral Company Presentation

MOLECULES OF LIFE

NAME:MUHAMMAD AFIF HAIKAL
BIN MOHD KUSHARI

MATRICS NUMBER:MS2113173140
PRACTICUM:K4P04B

MAIN TYPE OF MOLECULES OF LIFE

WATER CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS

PROTEIN DNA&RNA

II) CLASS OBJECTIVES AND RULES

-Water is an organic compound. -The molecular formula of
water is H2O which consists of two hydrogen atoms linked to an
oxygen atom through covalent bonds. -Water is a polar
molecule . -Oxygen region have a partial negative charge while
both hydrogen region have a partial positive charge -Water
molecule has a triangular geometry with O-H bond and the H-O-
H bond angle is 104.5°. -Water molecules are held by hydrogen
bonds. -Each of water molecule can form hydrogen bonds with
up to maximum 4 other water molecules.

Concept related to the properties of water is Animals like elephant does not sweat since it
latent heat of vaporization. Sweating or have very few sweat glands. The few sweat
perspiration helps to give cooling effect for glands that elephants have are located on the
our body by evaporating water from the skin foot and near the cuticles. So, the elephant
by the sweat glands which results in loss of will bathe or wet themselves with water on a
body heat. Therefore, it removes excess heat hot day to prevent their bodies from
from the body and also it makes the skin wet. overheating in hot weather.
Due to this ,the skin feels cooler. Sympathetic
nervous system controls the functioning of
sweat glands to regulate body temperature.

Osmosis is a movement of water molecules from higher
water potential region to lower water potential region
across a selectively permeable membrane until
equilibrium is reached. There is three type of osmosis in
living cell. Firstly, isotonic solution has equal solute on
both inside of membrane and no net osmosis between 2
isotonic solutions ( H20 move at an equal rate in both
direction ). Next, hypertonic solution has higher than the
other compared solution , which contain less H2O and
has lower water potential . Lastly, hypotonic has lower
solute than the other compared solution which consist
more H2O and has high water potential .

SIMPLE DIFFUSION OSMOSIS FACILATED DIFFUSION

Kinetic energy due to random molecular Kinetic energy due to random molecular Kinetic energy due to random
motion of the diffusing particles motion of water molecules molecular motion of the diffusing

particles

Net movement of particles (molecules or Simple diffusion of water molecules from Carrier protein in cell membrane
ion) from a region of greater a region of higher water potential to a accelerates movement of

concentration to a region of lower region of lower water potential through a substance down the concentration
concentration, that is, down the selectively permeable membrance gradient. Apart from concentration
concentration gradient gradient, the rate of facilitated is

also limited by the number of
carrier protein available in the cell

membrane

Movement of fats, oxygen, carbon Movement of water into and out of cells Movement of glucose into cells
dioxide through the lipid portion of the via membrane protein

membrane and ions through protein
channels under certain conditions