Student Exploration: Phases of the Moon - mrges.com

Name: ______________________________________ Date: ________________________

Student Exploration: Phases of the Moon

Vocabulary: axis, crescent, First Quarter, Full Moon, gibbous, illuminate, Moon phase, New
Moon, orbit, revolve, rotate, Third Quarter, waning, waxing

Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)
1. A Moon phase is what the Moon looks like from Earth at a particular time. In the space

below, draw a few pictures of different Moon phases, based on what you have seen before.

2. About how often does a Full Moon happen? ______________________________________

Gizmo Warm-up
1. In the Phases of the Moon Gizmo™, click Play ( ).

What do you notice about the motion of the Moon?
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The path that the Moon takes is called its orbit. The
Moon is revolving around Earth.

2. What do you notice about the motion of Earth?
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This motion is called rotation. Earth rotates on its axis, a straight line connecting the North
Pole to the South Pole.

3. Where would you have to be to see the view shown above? Explain.
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Activity A: Get the Gizmo ready:
Moon phases • Click Reset ( ).

Question: Why do we see phases of the Moon?
1. Brainstorm: Why do you think we see phases of the Moon?

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2. Run Gizmo:
• Click Play. As the Moon goes around Earth, notice what the Moon looks like on the
right side of the Gizmo. (This shows what an observer on the North Pole would see.)
• Turn on Show view area to see which part of the Moon is visible from Earth.

3. Observe: How does the Moon’s appearance change as the Moon revolves around Earth?
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4. Analyze:
A. Look at the overhead view of the Moon and Earth. How much of the Moon is always
lit up, or illuminated, by the Sun? ________________________________________
B. Can we always see the same amount of the illuminated side of the Moon from Earth?
Explain. ____________________________________________________________

5. Think and discuss: Based on your observations, why do we see Moon phases?
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Activity B: Get the Gizmo ready:
Name that phase! • Click Reset.

Goals: Learn the names of Moon phases and when they occur.
1. Run Gizmo: Click Play. When you are ready to fill in part of the diagram below, click

Pause ( ). Click Play to continue.

2. Observe: Fill in the diagram below. Sketch what the Moon looks like and write the phase
name and day below your sketch. (The first two are done for you.)

3. Think and discuss: Waxing means “growing” and waning means “shrinking.”
A. Seen from the North Pole, which side of a waxing Moon is illuminated? ___________
B. Which side is illuminated when the Moon is waning? _________________________
C. Suppose you saw a crescent Moon. How would you know if it was waxing or
waning? ____________________________________________________________
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Extension: Get the Gizmo ready:

The Man in the • Click Reset.
Moon • Turn on Show flag.

Question: If you look closely at the Full Moon, you may notice dark areas that look a bit
like a face. This is known as “The Man in the Moon.” Does this side of the Moon always
face Earth?

1. Form hypothesis: Do you think we always see the same side of the Moon? _____________

2. Run Gizmo: Click Play. The flag helps you notice how quickly the Moon is rotating. Click
Pause when the flag has rotated in a full circle, showing that the Moon has rotated once.

3. Observe: Where does the flag point as the Moon revolves around Earth? _______________

4. Draw conclusions: Do we always see the same side of the Moon? How do you know?
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5. Observe:
A. How long did it take for the Moon to go around Earth?
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B. How long did it take for the flag to rotate once in a full circle?
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6. Analyze: What do you notice about these two periods of time?
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7. Think and discuss: Suppose the Moon rotated on its axis just as quickly as Earth. Would we
still always see the same side of the Moon from Earth? Explain.

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