COMPUTER AIDED ELECTRICAL DRAWING : STEP BY STEP A Guide for Beginner Noraihan Ishak Fasihah Arshad 1
Computer Aided Electrical Drawing : step by step Noraihan Ishak Fasihah Arshad A GUIDE FOR BEGINNER 2
Noraihan binti Ishak Fasihah binti Arshad Polimas Bandar Darulaman 06000 Jitra Kedah. Copyright © 2021 www.polimas.com [email protected] [email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. e ISBN 978-967-0830-86-5 3
PREFACE The book is produced in order to provide basic knowledge of the usage on AutoCAD software focusing on the application of the software to produce drawings of graphics, electrical/electronic symbols along with circuit schematics and electrical wiring diagram specifically for polytechnic students. This book focuses on guiding readers to understand step by step of the software. Through the chapters, reader are provided with examples of drawing in order to have better grasp of the command used in the software. Also at the end of each chapter, Questions and Summaries are provided to further enhance the understanding of the chapter. 4
Chapter 1 : Concept of Computer Aided Drawing PAGE 07 Chapter 2 : AutoCAD Package PAGE 15 Chapter 3 : AutoCAD commands and data input techniques PAGE 30 TABLE OF CONTENT 5
Introduction to Computer Aided Drawing
` Concept of Computer Aided Design (CAD) In this chapter you will learn: Define Computer Aided Design (CAD) Identify computer system and computer hardware minimum requirements for CAD CAD general and specific packages CAD drawing to manual / conventional drawing Applications and the advantages of CAD Design hierarchy methodologies in electronics CAD. 7
Definition of Computer Aided Design (CAD) CAD is an acronym for Computer Aided Design or Computer Aided Drafting. CAD allows you to accomplish design and drafting activities using a computer. Can use CAD to draw a building plan, circuit diagram, chart, 3D object and more (e.g technical drawings, automobile drawings, aerospace drawings, and assembly drawings) 8
Minimum Requirements for CAD Operating System 64-bit Microsoft® Windows® 8.1 and Windows 10. Processor Basic: 2.5–2.9 GHz processor Recommended: 3+ GHz processor Multiple processors: Supported by the application Memory Basic: 8 GB Recommended: 16 GB Display Resolution Conventional Displays: 1920 x 1080 with True Color High Resolution & 4K Displays: Resolutions up to 3840 x 2160 supported on Windows 10 64-bit systems (with capable display card) Display Card Basic: 1 GB GPU with 29 GB/s Bandwidth and DirectX 11 compliant Recommended: 4 GB GPU with 106 GB/s Bandwidth and DirectX 11 compliant. .NET Framework .NET Framework version 4.8 or later Disc Space 7.0 GB 9
List CAD General and Specific Packages Computer-aided design (CAD) software is used in many industries to produce drawings physical objects (2D/3D technical drawings. The products in the GeneralPurpose category include CAD programs that offer a wide range of tools and functionality to their users. Each CAD package has an advantage to make drawing easier. 01 02 03 04 AutoCAD Onshape SketchUp Fusion360 05 06 AutoCAD LT Inventor 10
Identify between CAD Drawing to Manual / Conventional Drawing Shorter time taken in creating, checking and editing Reduction in storage space Increase productivity, efficiency and accuracy Improvement of output/ product quality Uniformity of reproductions 11
Applications and the advantages of CAD Improving productivity, capability and accuracy. Faster editing, reviewing and designing. Improving quality of end product. Save storage for drawing. Although there are many methods used to design and draft activities, cad offers the following advantages over other methods in many cases: 12
Design Hierarchy Methodologies in Electronics CAD A project or circuit to be designed is identified. Project Identification Project that yields satisfactory simulation results will be constructed in the laboratory to see whether the project actually works as in simulation. Testing The project/circuit is designed based on theory Design/Redesign Project The project designed is simulated using software package to produce results/outputs of the project operation. Failure to achieve results to satisfaction will cause the project to be redesigned and re-simulated Simulation The printed project/circuit board layout is designed and produced. PCB Design Layout An actual working model of the project is constructed. Prototype 13
E X E R C I S E 14 1. Define Computer Aided Design 2. Identify three (3) advantages of AutoCAD over conventional technical drawing 3. Identify the advantages of CAD
Understand AutoCAD package 15
` AutoCAD Package In this chapter you will learn: Features and capabilities of AutoCAD package Execute AutoCAD using program icon CAD general and specific packages Show main menu functions Show how to display toolbars needed for drawing how to save finished drawing and how to exit AutoCAD 16
Features and capabilities of AutoCAD package Main features of Autodesk AutoCAD are: 3D Modeling and Visualization 2 Command Line 3 Ribbon Tabs and Panels 4 Tool Palettes 5 DWG and Image References 6 2D Drafting, Drawing and Annotation 7 AutoCAD Mobile App 8 Smart Dimensioning 10 Text Settings 9 Layouts 11 Parametric Constraints 17
AutoCAD Using Program Icon After installing AutoCAD, there are several ways to launch the program. Click Start. Browse through the program list to find AutoCAD. Figure 1: AutoCAD from program list 1 18
AutoCAD Using Program Icon After installing AutoCAD, there are several ways to launch the program. Type AutoCAD on the search bar and select AutoCAD from the program list. Figure 2: AutoCAD from search bar 2 19
AutoCAD Using Program Icon After installing AutoCAD, there are several ways to launch the program. Find AutoCAD icon on your Desktop. Figure 3: AutoCAD icon 3 20
AutoCAD Using Program Icon Invoking either of the launching methods will lead to the Figure 4. Figure 4: AUTODESK AutoCAD 2021 21
AutoCAD Main Menu Functions Figure 5: AUTODESK AutoCAD 2021 A display that contains several option for user to get started will appear as in Figure 5. User can get started by clicking Start Drawing option or Open existing files. The AutoCAD 2021 also have tabs which are Learn and Create. Learn tab is a platform that offer tutorials and exercises on how to use this software and explaining the distinct of it new features. 22
AutoCAD Main Menu Functions Figure 6 shows drawing area in AutoCAD where user can create and modify objects. The drawing area can be divided into: 23
AutoCAD Main Menu Functions Figure 6: Workspace area AutoCAD 2021 Application Menu Quick Access toolbar Ribbon View Cube Drawing Area Status Bar Command UCS Window icon Viewport Control 24
AutoCAD Main Menu Functions Creating New File To create new file, user can follow either of these steps: Menu Bar On the upper left corner, clicked the AutoCAD symbol, select New and new windows Select Template will appear. User can choose their appropriate template. A new workspace called Drawing 1 will be created. The workspace’s name can be changed later. Figure 7: Selecting template using Menu Bar 25
AutoCAD Main Menu Functions Creating New File To create new file, user can follow either of these steps: Quick Access toolbar On the upper left corner, besides the AutoCAD symbol, Clicked icon and windows Choose Template appear. Figure 7: Selecting template using Menu Bar Figure 8: Selecting template using Quick Access toolbar 26
AutoCAD Main Menu Functions Save File To save file, user can clicked on Menu Bar and select either to Save or Save as. Figure 9: Save file 27
AutoCAD Main Menu Functions Save File Then user choose the appropriate format such as .dwg for drawing or .dwt for template Figure 10: Choose format to save file 28
E X E R C I S E 29 1. Explain how to execute AutoCAD using program icon. 2. Explain how to save finished drawing and how to exit AutoCAD 3. Identify parts in workspace area as shown in figure below. a. ____________________ b. ____________________ c. ____________________
AutoCAD Command and Data Input Techniques 30
Method Commands Entered 31
1. Select the AutoCAD 2021 option on the Program menu or 2. Select the AutoCAD 2021 icon on the Desktop. 3. Click Start Drawing to start a new drawing. 32
Command Line Quick Access Toolbar Application Menu User Coordinates System Drawing File Tabs 33
34 Every object in AutoCAD is measured in units. Determine the system of units within before creating the first Geometric entities. SETUP DRAWING UNITS Figure 11: Setting up drawing units
Drawing Limits Is area in which you are allowed to draw. To prevent drawing object outside the grid limits Type Limits at the command line and press ENTER. Press ENTER to accept the lower limit as 0,0 Type 210,297 (A4 size) and press ENTER key How To Drawing Limits Paper Size A4 = 210 x 297 @ 297 x 210 A3 = 297 x 420 @ 420 x 297 A2 = 420 x 594 @ 594 x 420 A1 = 594 x 841 @ 841 x 594 A0 = 841 x 1189 @ 1189 x 841 35
Step Command : (type mvsetup) Enable paper size ? [No/Yes] : type N Enter units type : type M Enter the scale factor : type 1 Enter the paper width : 210 Enter the paper height : 297 Step Mvsetup 36
Random point technique Absolute coordinate technique Relative coordinate technique Polar coordinate technique a b c d Random point technique ❑ use the cursor to select on the screen. Absolute coordinate technique. ❑ Type X and Y coordinates to locate the point on the current coordinate system relative to the origin. ❑ Format : X,Y Tips : Off dynamic input and type the coordinate X,Y Techniques of data input a b 37
Relative coordinate technique ❑ Type X and Y coordinates relative to the last point entered. ❑ Specify a distance from last coordinates entered. ❑ Format : @X (distance),Y (distance) 38 Techniques of data input c Notes: • @ - refer from the last point entered • distance +ve if direction to → and from last coordinate • distance –ve if direction to and from last coordinate start point should in absolute coordinate
39 Polar coordinate technique ❑ Type a distance and angle relative to the last point entered. ❑ Format : @distance<angle Techniques of data input d Note : • @ → refer from the last point entered • start point should in absolute coordinate • distance >> +ve only • Angle >> +ve or –ve
1.4 Apply the data input techniques 40
0,50 50,50 0,0 50,0 E X A M P L E 1 41 Solution: Command: LINE Specify first point: 0,0 Specify next point or [Undo]: 50,0 Specify next point or [Undo]: 50,50 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 0,50 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 0,0 Construct the square based on Figure x below. Draw using absolute coordinate. Figure 12: An example of square construction using Absolute Coordinate
E X E RC I S E 1 Construct the shape based on Figure x below. Draw using absolute coordinate. Figure 13: An exercise of shape construction using Absolute Coordinate 42
E X A M P L E 2 43 Solution: Command: LINE Specify first point: 0,0 Specify next point or [Undo]: @60,0 Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,60 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-60,0 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,-60 Construct the square based on Figure x below. Draw using Relative coordinate. Figure 14: An example of square construction using Relative Coordinate
E X E RC I S E 2 Construct the shape based on Figure x below. Draw using Relative coordinate. Starting point at 50,50. Figure 15: An exercise of shape construction using Relative Coordinate 44
E X A M P L E 3 45 Solution: Command: LINE Specify first point: 0,0 Specify next point or [Undo]: @60<0 Specify next point or [Undo]: @60<90 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @60<180 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @60<270 Construct the square based on Figure x below. Draw using polar coordinate. Figure x: An example of square construction using Polar Coordinate
E X E RC I S E 3 Construct the shape based on Figure x below. Draw using Polar coordinate. Starting point at 10,20. Figure 16: An exercise of shape construction using Relative Coordinate 46
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References 1. https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/autocad/learnexplore/caas/sfdcarticles/sfdcarticles/System-requirementsfor-AutoCAD-2021-including-Specialized-Toolsets.html 2. https://www.g2.com/categories/general-purpose-cad 48
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