someone’s confidence and express their skills entirely. Apart from that, giving
solutions, advice and feedback also one of constructive communication culture
in the company. For example, daily morning meeting will be held by the
Manager to get any updates or issues and allows every employee to give solution
and advice for improvement. This great way of communication is proven to
have great team work within the workers.
Figure 2.3(a) Development Day with Jim Boritt
2.3.2 Work Ethics/Culture
“You do not have to be a fan of F1, but you do have to be a team player who
shares our values”. This is the line that emphasized by the company to create
good values among all employees. The shared values include Passion, Respect,
Innovation, Determination and Excellence where can be classified as PRIDE.
In Passion, the team will always love what they do and they share high energy
and drive to motivate everyone to perform at their best on and off the track every
day for company’s stakeholders and fans: which lead the team to sporting
success. Besides, they also respect each other with trust and highest level of
integrity. With respect, they listen, challenge openly and constructively, as well
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as remain humble and giving feedback towards each other. As a major
engineering company, they also innovate constantly through creative thinking,
new ideas and inspiration, take the risk and grow from setbacks. Besides, the
team also will have lots of meeting at the race bay right before or after of any
race or practice to improve the car performance in any ways. This shows that
they are very determine keep a level head in pursuing their goals relentlessly.
They also excellence as they would never satisfied with second best, they aimed
for the quality and set bench mark in sport.
In addition, they also will have a team communication between the top
and bottom line-up. For example, there will be always a team briefing after
every race to summarise the race weekend and raise a glass of champagne if we
got the victory. Other communication also involves an annual engagement
survey called “On Track” which gives employees the opportunity to give their
views. There will be a fantastic summer and Christmas parties as well to
strengthen the bond between all workers. Apart from that, the company also
support two charities nominated by the team members every year. For example,
early of this year, there is Karting Night race between all the team members in
aid of the Cancer research UK. Also, there was a marathon night walk called
“Shine Night Walk” that bring people from across the UK together to light up
London and do fund life-saving research for the Cancer Research UK as well.
So far, the team have raised over £66,000 for can Research UK.
Last but not least, the company also take corporate compliance very
seriously aligning with Daimler policies and procedures. The compliance
involves in maintaining the ethical standards of conduct and obeying the law at
all times. The Legal and Compliance covered all aspects such as Anti-Trust
Policies and Toolkits, CAS, General Compliance, Gifts and Hospitality Log and
Legal Contact Database. Every new worker will undergo compliance induction
of Daimler integrity@work module to deliver the information about the
company in relation with company business practices, shared value, treatment
of violations, integrity culture and help in difficult situations.
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Figure 2.3(b) The winner for Karting Night
Figure 2.3(c) Shine Night Walk
Figure 2.3(d) Integrity@work through Daimler policies
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3.0 WORKS EXPERIENCE
3.1 SKILLS GAINED
3.1.1 Time-Management
Time-management indeed really important in order to get things done easily
without stress out at the end. In MAMGP F1, deadlines are part of the
company’s daily task since we have to build lots of parts within its required
date. Thus, this requires a great organisation from every employee to manage
their time very well to prevent any delay that can impacts the company’s
performance. Therefore, as part of the employee, I must to have my own
organisation method. Firstly, on daily basis, I will always do a “to-do-
checklist” on a sticky note and paste it on my table every morning once I
arrived in the office. It is really important for me to jot down the list based on
priorities. To set the priority things down easily, I found that the Four
Quadrants of Time Management is really helpful. Sometimes I classified my
checklist based on the quadrant below.
Figure 3.0 Four quadrant of time management
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3.1.2 Communication Skills
Communication skills is really vital in demonstrating someone’s
understanding on an instruction, acquiring new skills, making request, or even
delivering the information to others in a simple and unambiguous way. I
believe that good communication helped me to express myself in a positive
and clear manner both when speaking to people or even in writing. Having
good and effective communication is needed everywhere even here in
Mercedes-AMG PETRONAS Team. This culture of this company is really a
big-shocked for me when the first time I came here. Firstly, the weather.
Secondly, the mother language. The company use English as daily
communication between all workers here. Although English is a nationwide
language, but I was struggling with their fast speed, accent and advance
vocabularies. But I insist that language should not be a barrier for me to adapt
effective communication within my workplace area. Thus, the first thing I did
to get cope with the language is make friends with everyone and break the ice
with them. I learned how to improve my paraphrase and vocabularies from the
way they answered my question interestingly. Sometimes I also was not very
unsure about the task given to me. I find it hard at first to adapt but I found
myself best solution by asking questions and made clarifications. This method
helped me a lot to get detail and clear information before persuading with the
task.
Besides, I also learned to improve my communication skills by the good
communication culture inside the company. Firstly, I really like the “greeting”
culture in the company. It helped me boosts my energy to start the day and
convinced myself to approach people easily as they have break the barrier by
just a greeting. Last but not least, I observed and learned that all of the
employees is really put the “no blame” culture and seek for solution as their
values. They respect, listen and open minded to all new ideas without looking
at their level of seniority.
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3.1.3 Inquisitiveness and Initiative
Personally, I think inquisitiveness is really important for me to learn new
things and get explore to different works every day. In Aerodynamics, I get to
expose myself every single day in different sub-departments. Being involved
in my own interest area always makes curious about something I do not know.
It makes my mind always active and excites to my every new ideas or
knowledge coming. Whenever I feel curious, I tend to ask lots of questions
and keep asking for more detail explanation about the matter. I found that
learning is something that really fun when I keep an open mind and diverse
my knowledge. Furthermore, this inquisitiveness helped me to find initiative
as well. Generally, initiative is the ability to initiate and start things
independently before others does.
In MAMGP, I involved in lots of advanced technologies which totally
different from my background as Chemical Engineer. I learned lots of different
machines in every sub-departments. For example, in Rapid Prototyping, I have
been explained about how all the machines work. However, I took my own
initiative to read more detail about the process and the chemical material
involved. I believe further readings helped me a better understanding on my
job. Last but not least, I was also involved in Aero Production and Planning
Office. I have used few software such as AeroER, SAP, Radmin, MPX and
Carousel. I need to make daily full sizes and external process orders in
AeroER. I found that it is really hard to get used to all of these softwares at the
first. Thus, I initiate myself to jot down all the important steps on my
notebooks because I believe it is hard to remember and catch up everything at
once. All in all, I found that my involvement in all the works in the company
helped me to be good initiator and inquisitor.
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3.2 WORK INVOLVEMENT AND KNOWLEDGE APPLICATION
I have been exposed to lots of technical skills that required my full commitment onto
every single thing I did especially inside the factory. In Aerodynamics department, I
have been scheduled and rotated between every sub-departments. These sub
departments include Rapid Prototyping, Model Shop, Machine Shop, Aero
Engineering Build, Inspection, Composite, Wind Tunnel and Aero Production &
Planning Office. With all these involvement, it helped me build my interpersonal
skills, knowledge and hands-on skills. I believe by giving the best of myself can
improve and help the company especially Aerodynamics department to achieve their
target and KPI for this year season. Besides, the main purpose of this department is
to create car’s prototype with the best Aero surfaces through designing, building,
assembling and testing.
3.2.1 Rapid Prototyping
Rapid prototyping is a sub-department that build some parts that cannot be built
through milling process in Machine Shop. The process is used to quickly
fabricate a 3D model part using Computer Aided Design (CAD) data using 3D
printer or known as additive layer manufacturing technology. In Rapid
Prototyping (RP), the parts process includes the setting up, waiting for the CAD
and build finished. There are four types of 3D Printer Machine which are SLA,
SLS, DMLS and Connex. While for the finishing, they use the Sand Blaster,
Water Blaster, Air Blaster, UV-Curing, Extractor and Rubbing Container.
1) Stereolithography (SLA) 3D Printer
Stereolithography (SLA) is an additive manufacturing process by
converting a liquid form of photosensitive thermoset polymers (resin) into
solid cross-sections using UV laser. The part is created layer by layer with
the resin built on top of next until the part is complete. The process also
known as Photopolymerization which solidifies/polymerize the liquid resin
and cure them using photo beam light (UV). In RP, the SLA machine
requires Accura HPC (High Performance Composite) as the feed materials
which will produce smooth easy-to-finish surfaces, strong and rigid, high
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temperature resistance, lower viscosity and faster production parts which
suitable as the external part of the car for wind tunnel testing. Below shows
the detailed process of how SLA machine works.
1) Setting up of the machine is require by inserting the digital model of
CAD design into software and adjust the settings based on its
orientation, support structures, layer height and material.
2) After setting up, the printing process begin with the first 0.01mm resin
(HPC) layer with a platform at the bottom to support the build process.
3) The UV laser will draw the part based on the geometry set through CAD
and quickly solidified the resin (HPC) through photopolymerization
process.
4) After one layer, another layer of 0.01mm will layer the previous resin
layer and the same process of UV curing will continue until the part is
completely done with the required size and depth.
5) The excess resin that not being cured is then drained off from the
machine and reused for the next building process.
6) After the build is finished, the platform with completed parts on it is
taken out manually from the machine and ready for finishing process.
7) Once the parts being removed from the platform, they are then washed
with alcohol to remove any excess resin.
8) Then, it requires sand blasting to any air holes (if present) first before
being rubbed using the sand paper.
9) The purpose of rubbing it down is to make the surface smoother and
clean before it is then put inside the UV machine for curing process and
make it harder.
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Figure 3.2(a) SLA 3D Printer
Figure 3.2(b) UV-Curing Machine Figure 3.2(c) Example of SLA Part
2) Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) 3D Printer
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is also a 3D printer machine just like SLA
but with different process and parts produce. It is a process that called as
Powder Bed Fusion as the material of resin used is a thermoplastic polymers
powder that being sintered by the laser and fuse them together layer by layer.
The sintering process involves laser with high temperature that will melt
down the powder into liquid, then get solidified by the surrounding ambient
temperature. In RP, the material used for SLS printer is glass-filled nylon
and carbon-filled nylon. The product formed from SLS is much lighter than
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HPC but strong and stiff, high thermal resistance and robust. It is suitable to
be used as the internal part of the car body as it does not expose to
Aerodynamic surface. The post finishing of SLS parts require them to be
sand blasted. Below shows the general procedure to build the parts through
SLS machine.
1) The machine is setting up and the CAD drawing is inserted to the
software system (CNC) just like SLA beginning process.
2) Then it started to print and draw the first layer of resins using infrared
light. The hot infrared light will sintered (fuses together) and melted
down the powder into liquid at 180degreeC
3) After that, the liquid resin solidified by the ambient temperature outside.
4) The process will continue layer by layer after required size and depth is
completely achieved.
5) The build finished is let to cool down before being removed from the
machine.
6) The parts are then put inside the breakout station and the excess
unsintered powder is from the parts using a brush while exposed it
towards the extractor machine to suck off any powder floating in the air.
This is really important as the powder can cause accumulation of dusk
inside the room and create uncomfortable working area.
7) Before the parts send out for post finishing, they are cleaned using the
sand blaster first to remove excess powder on the surface and give
smooth finishing.
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Figure 3.2(d) Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) 3D Printer
Figure 3.2(e) Carbon-filled nylon Figure 3.2(f) Glass-filled Nylon
3) Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) 3D Printer
Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) is also an additive manufacturing
process that called as Powder Bed Fusion where the Argon laser will
sintered the metal powder and selectively fuse it, bonding the melted liquid
together layer by layer. The sintered part will then solidified just like SLS
process and once it formed the first layer then another metal powder will be
recoated on top of it until the process to build the whole part is complete.
In RP, we are using steel and aluminium powder as the feed material where
steel produce much heavier and harder part as compared to aluminium.
DMLS will be used when we need heavier and stronger part than SLS’s part.
The general procedure will slightly different from SLS, where in SLS, it is
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require manual cleaning while for DMLS, it use automatic self-cleaning
function through a recirculating filter system that will last long the
machine’s life.
Figure 3.2(g) EOS M290, DMLS 3D Printer Machine
Figure 3.2(h) Example of DMLS part in aluminium
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4) Connex 3D Printer
Connex is a multi-material colour 3D printer where it can print out different
material at once. It also produces wide range of material properties from
rigid to flexible, transparent to opaque, neutral to vibrant, standard to bio-
compatible and durable to high temperature. In RP, Connex is used to print
out Hybrid parts that have hard and soft properties which suitable for
suspension in car body. Since Connex can produces variety of colours, thus
it does need two colour that classified as Tango and Vero Family. These two
colours are depending on designer’s requirement. For example in RP, the
machine is filled up with two colours of black and white, where the black is
in Tango Family since it produces softer but strong material while the white
one is in Vero family since it creates harder and strong material of the parts.
Figure 3.2(i) Objet260, Connex 3D Printer Machine
3.2.2 Model Shop
Model Shop is one of the most important sub-department in Aerodynamics
since it assembles all the car parts together with lots of different model. All the
parts that assembled are coming from Rapid Prototyping and Machine Shop.
Once assembled, the model is then tested inside the Wind Tunnel. If there is
recommendation to improve the design, some parts of the model will be taken
out and change with the new design without need to rebuild all over from
scratch.
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Before assembled all the parts, it is important for them to do the final
finishing or called as “trimming” process. The trimming process may involves
inserting the brass pemserts, steel inserts, nuts or bolts, filling in the white or
black filler, inspecting the inserts using screw, rubbing down the SLA’s surfaces
and etc. Every trimming involves a very detail process. For example, inserting
process required strong adhesives such as 3M 9323 Epoxy to stick the inserts
inside the hole. 3M 9323 required long curing time, thus it needs to be put inside
the oven at 45degreeC to speed up the curing process which will take only one
and half hour instead of leaving it over-nightly outside at room temperature.
Figure 3.2(j) Inserting process
Other than trimming process, Model Shop also do the post-finishing
process of the parts so that it is reliable to be tested inside the Wind Tunnel.
There are three colours that will be painted on the parts’ surfaces which are
black, orange or white. Usually most of the external parts require black colour
and some of it will be orange, and the internal part will be white. The reason to
this is because in order for the PIV reader inside the Wind Tunnel to read the
air flow properties of the car surfaces, the car body need to absorb the laser
instead of reflecting it outwards. Thus, black colour is used to absorb the laser
radiation and gives reading to the simulation. While, orange colour is used when
the parts do not involve in the simulation process.
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Furthermore, Model Shop also do the in-house metal coating which is
chemi-black metal finishing. The purpose of chemi-blacking is to protect the
steels’ surface from corrosion and external chemical reaction e.g. rusting. It also
produces a lustre black finish to maintain the quality and professional end
product.
I also ever handled the wheel balancer where it is used to check the hub
flange’s balances. The hub flange is first placed within the rubber belt and
locked by its nuts. It is then spinning at operating speeds of 60 MPH and being
calibrated by the LED displayed computer. The moment it is being spins, the
sensor inside the wheel balancer will sends signal to the computer and displayed
the amount of weight and angle of unbalance of the hub flange. After that, a
rough estimation of weight (lead sticker) is fitted to the inner and outer channel
of the flanges and the flange is being spins one more time to ensure proper
weight placement at the correct angle. Once done, a proper way to pull out the
hub flange is required by using suitable tools such as torque wrench and torque
socket.
Figure 3.2(k) Computer Software of Wheel Balancer
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Figure 3.2(l) Wheel Balancer
Figure 3.2(m) torque wrench and its socket
3.2.3 Machine Shop
Machine Shop helps Model Shop to build metal parts that made from steel,
aluminium and titanium. There are lots of machines such as HAAS Milling,
Hardinge Lathe, EDM and Wire Eroder. For HAAS Milling machines, there
are two types used in Machine Shop which are 3-axis and 5-axis milling
centre. The selection of types of milling to be used is depends on the shape we
wanted to mill off. For 3-axis, it allows the material (parts) to be worked on 3
axes of X, Y and Z, while 5-axis the movements add to rotation of A and B
axes. Basically, milling is the process of removing some parts from the surface
of the workpiece using varieties of cutting tools. It is also a Computer
Numerical Control (CNC) where it translated programs from the computer that
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consists of specific numbers and letters to move the workpiece to various axis
(locations and depths).
Besides, HARDINGE Lathe Machine used in Machine Shop is for
metal working and metal spinning purposes. It can perform different operation
including the sanding, cutting, knurling, drilling and deforming the workpiece.
It is also use cutting tools to perform the operation with spindle that will hold
the workpiece. Last but not least is the Electrical Discharge Machine (EDM).
Generally, EDM is to cut a metal workpiece using and electrical spark wire. The
spark is created in between the electrical discharge wire(cutter) and the metak
workpiece. The high temperature (8000 to 12000 degree C) produced by the
spark can melt down the metal workpiece and cut them in very careful
controlled. There is never any mechanical contact between the wire electrode
and the metal workpiece. Besides, dielectric of deionized water or known as
coolant also fill up the tank of the machine to make sure it is being operates in
safe condition. In Machine Shop, they are using Brass and Copper wire
electrode depending on the type of metal workpiece used.
Figure 3.2(n) 5-Axis Milling Machine
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Figure 3.2(o) Hardinge Lathe Machine
Figure 3.2(p) Electircal Discharge Machine (EDM)
3.2.4 Inspection
Inspection also one of important part in making sure the built parts is in correct
fittings and measurement. There are varieties of tools and machine to inspect
and check whether the metal parts is within the tolerance or not. For example,
Internal and External Vernier callipers, External Micrometer gauge, Internal
bore micrometers, Shadowgraph, height gauge, CMM,etc. Shadowgraph is used
to measure the external parts by overlaying and magnifying it through a shadow
that will gives correct distance. While, CMM is advance technology to inspect
complex parts by comparing the scanned real parts to its design inside the CAD.
Besides, etching of metal parts also been done in inspection using the laser
etching with correct method and suitable software settings. After the parts being
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etched, it is then put inside the boxes according to its own session. While, the
inspected parts will be booked off and goes to the cupboard with its different
session whether inside the engineering, session or dyno section.
Figure 3.2(q) Shadowgraph Machine for Inspection
3.2.5 Composites
Other than Rapid Prototyping and Machine Shop, Composites also helps Model
Shop to build some of the wind tunnel car parts. In Composites, various types
of carbon fibre are used to made certain parts of the car body for example the
roof pillars, door frames and other parts that essentially high off the road.
Meanwhile, steel and aluminium are used for the chassis since they are much
heavier to put at the bottom and give stability for the car. Carbon fibre is used
because of its flexible-like material that can be moulded into various shape of
the fancy car part that is stronger but lighter than aluminiums’ or steels’ parts.
Thus, the detailed process of building the carbon fibre refined polymer (CFRP)
is really important to be done in correct way as it time consuming. Below shows
the method of laminating the CFRP fabric in correct way.
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1) Mould Preparation: A suitable material for the mould is chosen that can resist
to high temperature of curing. After that, any contaminants is cleaned using the
tools and layered using the release wax which is HP7
2) Laminating the Mould: After the wax is dried off, laminate the first layer of
the carbon fibre onto the mould using suitable tools. Make sure the carbon fibre
is pressed gently especially at any corners of the mould. Cut the excess carbon
fabric to prevent any leaking happened during the debulking process.
3) Debulking: Debulk the first layer of the carbon fibre to ensure it is really stick
onto the shape of the mould. Debulking is a process of removing any air inside
a bag and press the layer according to its shape on the mould.
4) Laminate the next layers: Then next layer is applied which usually take up to
5 to 6 layers.
5) Unperforated release film: Cut the release film at suitale size and simply press
the film over the whole surface of the part so that none of the carbon fibre is
exposed.
6) Breather Cloth: The breather cloth is applied to protect the carbon fibre from
any fracture of the high pressure curing.
7) Vacuuming: prepare the vacuum bag and make sure it is fully sealed with
flanges to suck out the air out from the bag and check the pressure inside.
Figure 3.2(r) Laminating the carbon fibre Figure 3.2(s) Debulking the first layer
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Figure 3.2(t) Vacuum process
3.2.6 Aero Engineering Build and Wind Tunnel
Aero engineering Build and Wind Tunnel are both different sub-departments,
but they work together for most of the time. Aero Engineering Build they helped
Wind Tunnel to assemble do special projects to be put inside Wind Tunnel, but
they also do simulations’ frame to be used by the race team. For example, they
made camera holder’s frame for PIV purposes, electric tool box, pressure and
temperature simulator, count down clock. Below shows some project that have
been assigned for me by Dannis to assemble the count down clock.
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Figure 3.2(u) Tapping process
While inside Wind Tunnel, lots of tools used to simulate and monitor the
aerodynamics properties of the car. In Aerodynamics, there are two Wind
Tunnel area which are WT2 and WT3. WT2 used to simulate the 60% size of
car body, while WT3 for some small compartments such as radiators. The
simulation took place on a fast-moving belt and a powerful fan to create a high
air flow just like on the race track. The test is conducted for about 15 minutes,
then the aerodynamic properties such as downward forces, pressure
distribution and any other aero-related properties. They also use Particle Image
Velocimetry (PIV) to visually see the air flow of the car on a screen.
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4.0 DISCUSSION ON SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES IN HOST COMPANY
4.1 Environmental
Mercedes-AMG PETRONAS F1 Team has always recognised the global importance
of conducting and controlling activities at workplace in a manner that is consistent
with sustainable development. The team realize that proactive environmental
management will contribute to the attainment of great delivery performance in every
process, products and services. Thus, in order to ensure that all activities at the
workplace operate in environmentally conscious manner, the Environmental Officer
has sets up some policies that requires every worker’s commitments:
• Operate and practice the environmental laws, regulations and other
obligations in higher standards: considering all workers, business partner and
contractors
• Minimise the operational environmental impact which can prevents pollution,
protect the natural environment and conserves both energy and resources
• Consider the capital expenditure in any operational or project that might
contribute to environmental impact
• Continually improve the environmental performance for every activities,
utilising the EMS, set goals and monitor the progress towards
accomplishment
• Equipped with assurance and necessary training to ensure themselves trained
to the appropriate levels of capability to deliver their environmental
accountabilities and fulfil all requirements outline above (Induction)
4.2 Economical
In general, economic sustainability can be defined as practices that supports a long-
term economic growth without give any negative impact towards the social,
environment and politic. It is really important for MAMGP F1 to maintain their
economic values in any aspect to continually involve in this very expensive sport. To
get to be the best motorsports team, it requires lots of budget to build, innovate and
develop the car into more advanced technology. Thus, in order to support the financial
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in a long run, MAMGP F1 has put lots of efforts to sustain the resources in all aspects
such as build a good partnership, rebrand the product and find suitable suppliers. Ever
since the company been rebranded in 2010, they have made a good partnership with
PETRONAS, which is very well known as the largest multinational oil and gas
company in the world. PETRONAS has become the main partner and major sponsor
of the company. Almost 60% of the investments come from PETRONAS and this
huge investment is basically benefited both parties until now. It is actually a good
platform for PETRONAS to extent the contract as MAMGP F1 has been recognised
world-widely which can improve their own branding as a fuel company multi-
nationally. Besides, the involvement of MAMGP in Formula One motorsport also
helped the economic growth of the country as it gathers all the fans from all the world
to witness the race on the circuit. This would help the country to generate huge
revenue and profits. Last but not least, the company also creates lots of job
opportunities as they are moving further into more technology application.
4.3 Political and Social
Creating political and social sustainability is really crucial to engage the employees
by maintaining their affairs within the workplace area. In order to produce a better
and successful company, MAMGP has create good work culture, balance work-life
and great benefits to all the workforces. Basically, the company offers variety of
benefits for its employee in term of training, bonus and pension, food subsidiary,
employee discount, performance centre and also medical insurance. All these have
increased employees’ interest and performance towards the company.
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5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In conclusion, Student Industrial Training (SIT) is a good initiative to expose the
students with industrial working style. As an engineering student, hands-on exposure is
really important to apply all the theoretical knowledges learned in university. Thus, my
placement in Mercedes-AMG PETRONAS Formula One team is a good starter to
develop my knowledge further into engineering field.
After 3 months being here, I feel really blessed to be part of this prestigious
company as the experience gives positive impacts towards myself entirely. The good
acceptance of the workers towards new interns made me easily adapt with the
environment. I really enjoy working here as they have effective team organisation,
prioritising the safety and absolutely good culture e.g. respect, listen, do not blame, open
minded, friendly, seek for solutions, helpful, etc.
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6.0 REFERENCES
3D System (2015), What is Stereolithography (SLA)?. Retrieved from
https://uk.3dsystems.com/resources/information-guides/stereolithography/sla
D. Erasmus, Grand Prix History Book Shop, Books that Matter. Retrieved from
http://www.grandprixhistory.org/autoracingbooks2.htm
Formula 1 (2018), In Profile, Mercedes Team. Retrieved from
https://www.formula1.com/en/teams/Mercedes.html
Intranet-Home, Mercedes-AMG PETRONAS Formula One team. Retrieved from
http://f1intranet/SitePages/Home.aspx
J. Mowbray (February, 2014), #F1 History: The First Turbocharged Engine – Renault
Revolution, The Judge13 Chronicler.
J. Schoen, Evolution of Formula 1 Race Car, In Science and Technology. Retrieved from
https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/formula-1-race-car
M. Williamson (2018), A brief History of formula One, About formula one, ESPN.
Retrieved from http://en.espn.co.uk/f1/motorsport/story/3831.html
Mercedes-AMG PETRONAS Motorsport, All Eras of Silver Arrows. Retrieved from
https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/en/mercedes-amg-f1/heritage/silver-arrows/
V. Alkaios Bournias (2014), Introduction to SLS 3D Printing, 3D Hubs. Retrieved from
https://www.3dhubs.com/knowledge-base/introduction-sls-3d-printing
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