e-prosiding WACANA 2021 KKTM.docx

e-Prosiding Wacana Transformasi Ilmu e ISBN 978-967-18717-9-9

3.3.4 Household Chemical Test

Figure 6:Sauce, Ketchup and Cooking Oil
For household chemical test, sauce, ketchup and cooking oil were used to test the finishing
quality of varnish on oil palm MDF. Each board was split onto three parts. The sauce, ketchup
and cooking oil were applied on the boards for 24 hours. After that, the boards were observed.
3.4 Experimental Design

Figure 7: The Experimental Design
Figure 7 show that the finising material are MDF, varnish and finishing method that used
is Airless Spray Gun. The experimental design involved 1 layer, 3 layers and 5 layers. Three

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e-Prosiding Wacana Transformasi Ilmu e ISBN 978-967-18717-9-9

applications were prepared for each type of layer and had four tests for each board likes
Gloss test, Heat Resistance test, Impact test and Household chemical test.

3.5 Statistical Analysis

Result from impact and heat resistance tests were analyzed using a rating code. For household
chemical (food) test, results were analyzed by observation and gloss test results were analyzed
by Statistical Professional Social Science (SPSS).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Gloss Test

Table 4:Test of Between-Subject Effects

Dependent Variable:Gloss

Source Type III Sum of Df Mean F Sig.
Square
Squares 26 878.374 11.547 .000
1 190202.593 2500.351 .000
Corrected Model 22837.717a 2 496.073 6.521 .003
2 15.393 .202 .817
Intercept 190202.593 2 9820.412 129.026 .00
4 263.288 3.461 .014
System 992.145 4 223.850 2.943 .028
4 7.419 .098 .983
Position 30.787 8 24.467 .322 .954
54 76.070
Angle 19640.824 81
80
System* Position 1053.152

System* Angle 895.399

Position* Angle 29.675

System* Position* Angle 195.735

Error 4107.800

Total 217148.110

Corrected Total 26945.517

A,.R Squared = .848 (Adjusted R Squared = 774)

Table 4 show that each system are significant which it probabilities below than 0.05 or 95% of
significant level. It means there have different improve in gloss which 1 layer and 3 layers have
some improve in gloss and 5 layers is high significant and give high gloss result.

Table 5:Results of Gloss Test due to Means Mean
45.96a
Layer 46.01a
1 layer 53.41b
3 layers
5 layers

Table 5 show that means of 1 layer and 3 layers are 45.96 and 46.01 which there in same group.
It means that we can apply 1 layer and 3 layers in finishing because it gives some result in gloss
test. Other group is 5 layers with means 53.41; show that is has high gloss. So 5 layers gives best
coating for furniture as the thicker the total varnish film, the greater the protection from
ultraviolet radiation and protecting colorants that are not inherently lightfast.

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e-Prosiding Wacana Transformasi Ilmu e ISBN 978-967-18717-9-9

4.2 Impact Test

Table 6:Results of Impact Test

Sample R1 R2 R3 Mean
Layer

1 layer 5 5 5 5

3 layers 5 5 55

5 layers 5 5 55

Table 6 show that each of the system has a rating code of 5, which means no surface
cracking. This is due to the characteristic of varnish which, is tough and durable, does not chip
or crack and if scratched does not produce white marks.

4.3 Heat Resistance Test
Table 7:Results of Heat Resistance Test

Sample R1 R2 R3 Mean
Layer

1 layer 5 5 5 5

3 layers 5 5 55

5 layers 5 5 55

Table 7 show that each of the system has a rating code of 5, which means no mark
visible. This is due to the characteristic of varnish which, is tough and durable, good resistance
against abrasion, wear, heat, solvents and water vapor.

4.4 Household Chemical Test

Table 8: Results of Household Chemical Test

Food Cooking Oil Ketchup Sauce
Layer
Test of area have change - -
1 layer Test of area have change - -
3 layers -- -
5 layers

Table 7 show that 1 layer and 3 layers had change when applied cooking oil that
cooking oil was absorbed on the surface of varnish. This is because varnish has ultraviolet light
absorption particles. After a while these particles break down from absorbing the light. Once
the break down occurs the cooking oil was absorbed.

For ketchup and sauce test all 1 layer, 3 layers and 5 layers do not change on test surface
area. It is because varnish has good resistance to solvents and it is not afffected by either acid
or alkali. So, 5 layers gives best coating for furniture as the thicker the total varnish film, the
greater the protection from household chemical and protecting colorants that are not
inherently lightfast.

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e-Prosiding Wacana Transformasi Ilmu e ISBN 978-967-18717-9-9

5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Varnish is suitable for oil palm MDF because varnish is tough, durable, easy-to-apply

finish and protects paintings against mechanical damage (scratching) and air-pollution. The
latter can cause pigmented discoloration. Secondly varnish can restore a painting’s original
colors. As the varnish cures, its molecules react with oxygen to form a strong chemical bond.
After curing, varnish forms a protective film that is highly resistance to solvents, Acids, Water
and Water Vapor scratches and wear Heat this protective film is what makes varnish sush a
desirable finish for any surface that is used hard or exposed to the element.

Varnish has ultraviolate light absorption particles. After a while these particles break
down from absorbing the light. Once the break down occurs the varnish yellows and
developes cracks allowing moisture to seep into the wood causing the varnish to peel.
Excessive sanding between coats of varnish advance this problem. Five or six coats of varnish
may be applied, but the sanding only leaves a two coat thickness. The thinner the coating the
faster the varnish will break down from light. The five layers were excellent in heat resistance,
impact and household chemical resistance. Five layers give best coating for furniture.

For recommendation, since varnish is an inexpensive finishing material and suitable for
oil palm MDF, it can be widely used in finishing for furniture.

6.0 REFERENCES
Anonymous. 1994. Airless Spray Gun System: The Efficient Choice
Anonymous. 2004. available at website http://www.Varnish.org/about/contactus.asp
Anonymous. 2005. available at website http://www.zinsser.com
James E.Brumbugh, 1975. Finishing and Refinishing
Koji Hayashi.,Ohmi,M.,Tominaga H. And Fukuda, K.,2003. Effect of Board Density on Bending
Properties and Dimensional Stabilities of MDF-reinforced Corrugate Particleboard.49,398-404.
Ropandi M, Mass Coloured Medium Density Fibreboard From Admixture of Empty Fruit Bunches
and Rubber wood Fibres: Enhanced The Board Appearance
Rahim Sudin, Mohd Nor Mohd Yusof and Siti Noralakman.1993. Utilization of Oil Palm Residues
for Various Composite Products: Conference on Forestry and Forest Products Research.
November, Frim Kepong
S.W.Gibbia.1971. Wood Finishing and Refinishing. Part 2; Selecting the Finishing Material. Pp
128-146

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