Morphology Derivation by non-affixation

Morphology

Derivation by non-affixation

CONTENTS page

1 . General of derivation 1
by non-affixation 2
6
2. Conversion (N > V) 7
3. Backformation 8
4. Clipping 9
5. Blending 11
6. Abbreviation
Reference

1. General of derivation
by non-affixation

Derivation by non-affixation refers to the process
of creating without derivational affixes. It is the main
method, but it uses clipping, abbreviation or blending.
In this process, it is not considered whether the unit
are clipping out or blending or used as abbreviations.
Is there a morpheme or not, for example, blending
smack and mash into smash you can see that s,
which is extracted from smack, does not have a
morpheme.

In other words, converting without derivational
affixes is a non-morpheme-building process.

2. Conversion

Conversion, it is also a type of word formation, but one in which the morphological structure
of the word does not change. Instead, the new word created is of a different word class or part of
speech and it is related to semantic between the old words and the new words. This can be split
into 4 subheadings.

2.1 Change from Noun to Verb (N>V)

When using a noun as a verb, the meaning of a verb is associated with
the meaning of the noun in a variety of ways. Many of the nouns such as
“bottle”, “trigger”, and “brush” can be used as a verb. It can be split into
3 subheadings.

2.1.1 Transfer Meaning

Examples This is the [N bottle] of water.
The water is [V bottled] by that company.

2.1.2 Effective Meaning

Examples We will die if he pulls the [N trigger].
Our death was [V triggered] by his anger.

2.1.3 Instrumental Meaning

Examples I bought a new [N brush].
I [V brush] my teeth every day.

2.2 Change from Adjective to Verb (Adj >V)

When using an adjective as a verb, the meaning of a verb
is associated with the meaning of the adjective in a variety of
ways. Many of the adjectives such as “clean” and “cool” can
be used as a verb, and this can be split into 2 subheadings.

2.2.1 Inchoative Meaning

Examples This room is [Adj clean].
I must [V clean] this room.

2.2.2 Causative Meaning

Examples This ice is [Adj cool].
It must be [V cooled] down before it

explodes.

2.3 Change from Verb to Noun (V>N)

When using a verb as a noun, the meaning of a noun is associated with the meaning of the verb in
a variety of ways. Many of the verbs such as “attack” and “cut” can be used as nouns, and this can be
split into 2 subheadings.

2.3.1 Event /Action

Examples He [V attacks] his opponent. His [N attack] hits directly to the face.

2.3.2 Result

Examples I [V cut] down the tree. The tree has a big [N cut] on it.

2.4 Change from Adjective to Noun (Adj>N)

When Adjectives such as “poor” was put after the determiner "the" they can be used as Nouns.

Examples They are [Adj poor] people. [NP The poor] live there.

3. Backformation

The backformation is the opposite of the suffixation, such as
the comparison of noun donation, which is a complex word a
word that consists of two words: donate and –ion and you
separate -ion from the donation. Causing the verb donate to
appear in the language

Most of the time, words formed by reversing are verbs
backformation from nouns. Additionally, there are some reversed
verbs (V) from the adjective (Adj.) legitimize (V), which is
returned from the legitimate (Adj.) with the original –ize.

Examples for backformation words

Original Babysitter Procession Option Obsessive

Backfor Babysit Process Opt Obsess
mation

4. Clipping

Clipping means Cutting out parts of a word to get a new word shorter than the original
word but have the same meaning and type of word.
Clipping can be categorized as follows:

4.1 Fore clipping and back clipping

Fore clipping example Fore clipping and Back clipping example
Chute Parachute back clipping Prof Professor
Burger Hamburger Flu influenza Ad Advertisement
Gator Alligator Fridge refrigerator Math Mathematics
Phone Telephone Script prescription Exam Examination

4.2 clipping + diminutive morpheme

Clipping may appear along with the addition of the diminutive -y / -ie to show
preference for that person or thing, known as hypocorism.

Examples Vegetable veggie Alexy Alexander Ricky Ricardo

5. Blending

Blending is a combination of two words. To be one word by cutting part of a word, or Of the most
of the two words, the words mixed together will be of the same type. They can be categorized into two
categories: blending with a semantic head and blending without a semantic head.

5.1 blending with a semantic head

Blending with a semantic head is formed by mixing two words by means of a compound word. It
comes from the first word being the main meaning. And the second word is an additional extension.

Examples Car + Hijack = Carjack Mock + Cocktail = Mocktail Guess + Estimate = Guestimate

5.2 blending without a semantic head

The semantics of this type of compound words form the meanings of the two words, with neither
the main word nor the extension, that is, they are equally important to the meaning of the word.

Examples Motor + hotel = Motel Chill + Relax = Chillax Lion + Tiger = Liger

6. Abbreviation

This method is more like clipping and blending by clip some part
of the word and use the first letter of the word to make a new word and
this can be split into 3 subheadings.

6.1 Initialism

Use the first letter of a word to create a new word and read it by
the character.

Examples

SCB Siam Commercial Bank

KTB Krung Thai Bank

GSB Government Saving Bank

MEP Mini English Program

6.2 Acronym

Use the first letter of a word to create a new word and read it as
a word.

Examples

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Ad●mMinEisRtrCaUtiRoYn
MAT Monster Attack Team
PEP Post-exposture Prophylaxis

6.3 Abbreviation in Electronic Communicatio●nNEPTUNE

ThNiseipstuthnee aisbtbherefvoiuarttiohn-labrgyeusst ing the souSnadt,urannids asogmasegtiimanets,
there is aplnaunmetSbboeylardriinSamythseteetemwroinrdth. e composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium
●SATURN
Examples LMAO Laugh My Ass Out

EDM Electronic Dance Music

DMC Devil May Cry

Reference

Matt Salter.(2020). Acronym and Initialism. [online]. Available from:
https://shorturl.asia/n7ZI9 [accessed 7 March 2021].

Morgan Jander.(2016). linguistics. [online]. Available f●roMmE:RCURY
https://shorturl.asia/SAkB7 [accessed 7 March 2021].

Nantawadee Wongsathean.(2014). Word Formation Processes.
[[oanclcinees]s.eAdv7ailMabalrechfro2m02:1h]t.tps://shorturl.asia/Eb●0NxgEPTUNE

BoonjeNeeraptCunheiraisvtahtee,fPouhr.Dth.-(l2a0rg1e8s)t. English MoSarptuhronloisgayg. 1assgtieandt.,
pBlaannegtSkbooylkad:riCSamyhsuetletaemlroinngtkhoern UniversityhcPyordminrotpegoresyne.danmdohsetllyiuomf

●SATURN

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