Medicine

Traditional
and
Modern
Medicine

Name: Bryan Lau

Class: 5 Intelek

Index Slide Title
3 Medicine
4 Traditional Medicine
5 Echinacea
6 Elderberry
7 Ginkgo
8 Modern Medicine
9-10 Penicillin
11-12 Streptomycin
13-14 Antihistamine

Traditional Medicine

• Traditional Medicine refers to health practices, approaches, knowledge and beliefs
incorporating plants, animals, spiritual therapies, manual techniques and exercises.

• It is applied singularly or in combination to treat, diagnose and prevent illness or
maintain well being

Echinacea • Originated from North America.
(Echinacea • Used to treat wounds, burns, toothaches and
angustifolia)
sore throats.
• The leaves, petals and roots of the plants can

be used medicinally.
• Many people believe the roots have the stron

gest effect.
• Usually taken as a tea or supplement but can

also be applied topically.
• Today, it’s primarily used to treat or preven

t the common cold.
• Over 4000 people found a potential 10-

20% reduced risk of cold
• Side effects are nausea, stomach pain and ski

n rash.

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.

Elderberry • An ancient herbal medicine typically made f
(Sambucus) rom the cooked fruit of the Sambucus nigr
a plant.

• Used to relieve headaches, nerve pain, toot
haches, colds, viral infections and constipati
on.

• Today, its primarily marketed as a treatme
nt for symptoms such as flu and common c
old.

• Elderberry is available as a syrup or lozenge
• Studies demonstrate that its plant compou

nd have antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiv
iral properties.
• Raw or unripe fruit is toxic and may cause
symptoms like nausea, vomiting and diarrhe
a

Ginseng • Its root are usually steeped to make a tea or dr
ied to make a powder.

• It’s frequently utilized in traditional Chinese me
dicine to reduce inflammation and boost immunit
y, brain function and energy levels.

• Panax ginseng also known as Asian ginseng is cons
idered to be more stimulating.

• Panax quinquefolius known as American ginseng is
thought to cultivate relaxation.

• Has an unique compound called ginsenosides that
boast neuroprotective, anticancer, antidiabetes a
nd immune-supporting properties.

• Side effects for long-
term intake includes headaches, poor sleep and di
gestive issues.

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.

Ginkgo • Derived from the maidenhair tree
(Gikgo • Used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands
biloba)
of years
• It contains a variety of potent antioxidants
• The seeds and leaves are traditionally used to make

teas and tinctures
• It is also been used as supplement
• The seeds are mildly toxic and should be eaten in s

mall quantities.
• Ginkgo is said to treat a wide range of ailments inc

luding heart disease, dementia, mental difficulties a
nd sexual dysfunction.
• Side effects include headache, heart palpitations, di
gestive issues, skin reactions and an increased risk o
f bleeding.

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.

Modern Medicine

• Modern maedicine is sometimes called allopathic medicine. It involves the use of
drugs or surgery and ofren support by counseling and lifestyle measures. Modern
medicine includes acupuncture, homeopathy, herbal medicine, art therapy, Chinese
medicine and many more

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Penicillin • Penicillins are a group of antibacterial drugs
that attack a wide range of bacteria

• It was the first antibiotic that doctor used
• Alexander Fleming discovered penicillins
• Side effects of penicillin includes nausea, vo

miting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, skin rash a
nd itching

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.

Mechanism of working

• Penicillin work by indirectly bursting bacteria cell walls
• Peptidoglycans create a mesh-

like structure around the plasma membrane of bacteria cell to incre
ase the strength of cell wall and prevent external fluids and particle
s from entering the cell
• When bacteria multiplies, small holes open up and peptidoglycans th
en fill up the holes to reconstruct the walls
• Penicillins block the protein struts that link the peptidoglycans toge
ther and prevent the bacteria from closing the holes
• High water concentration of the surrounding causes water to rush t
hrough the hole into the cell and the bacteria will burst

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Streptomycin • Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic
derived from Streptomyces griseus with an
ibacterial activity

• It was discovered by American biochemists
Selman Waksman, Albert Schatz and Elizabe
th Bugie in 1943

• It is used to treat tuberculosis (TB)

• It is given through injection

• Side effects include ringing or roaring in the
ears, headache, hearing loss, balance proble
ms, drowsiness, vision changes, fever, body
aches, fast heartbeat and unusual tiredness.

Mechanism of working

• It is given through injection
• Streptomycin works by interrupting the function of bacteria cells’

ribosomes
• It inhibits the synthesis of proteins in the ribosomes
• messenger RNA (mRNA) does the protein building while the transf

er RNA (tRNA) ‘reads’ the mRNA and select the matching molecul
e and deliver it to the ribosome
• Streptomycin binds the tRNA causing it to severely misread the se
quence and the result is the synthesis of random proteins which ul
timately kills the bacteria

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Antihistamine • It was discovered by Daniele Bovet,
the Swiss-born Nobel Prize-
winning pharmacologist

• Antihistamine is a medicine often u
sed to relieve symptoms of allergie
s

• Side effects including drowsiness, red
uced coordination and reaction speed
, dry mouth as well as blurred visi
on

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.

Mechanism of working

• When your body comes into contact with your allergy, it makes che
micals called histamines

• They caused the tissue in the nose to swell, mouth to itch and so
metimes you may also get an itchy rash on your skin

• Antihistamine reduces or blocks the histamines so they stop allergy
symptoms

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.