Ngữ Văn 11 Tập 2 Cơ Bản

GHINHO.
Ngdn ngu chfnh ludn Id ngdn ngu dugc dung trong eae van ban chfnh luan
hogc Idi ndi midng (khau ngCr) trong cdc budi hgi nghj, hgi thao, ndi chuydn
thdi sg,... nhim trinh bay, binh luan, ddnh gid nhung su kien, nhCrng van de ve
chfnh trj, xa hdi, vdn hod, tu tudng,... theo mgt quan diem chfnh tri nhat djnh.

LUYINTAP
1. Phdn bi$t khdi niem nghi lugn vd chinh ludn.
2. Vi sao cd thi khing dinh dogn van sau ddy thudc phong cdch chfnh ludn ?

Ddn ta cd m0t ldng ndng ndn yeu nudc. Dd la m0t truyin thdng quy bdu ciia
ta. Tic xua din nay, mdi khi Tdqudc bi xdm ldng, thi tinh thdn dy Igi sdi ndi, nd
kit thdnh m0t ldn sdng vd cung mgnh me, to ldn, nd ludt qua mgi su nguy hiim,
khd khdn, nd nhdn chim tdt cd Id bdn nudc vd lu cudp nudc.

(Ho Chi Minh, Tinh thdn yiu nudc ciia nhdn ddn ta)

3. Phdn tich bdi Ldi keu ggi todn qudc khdng chiin eua Chu tieh Ho Chf Minh
{Ngu vdn 10, t$p mgt, tr. 23) di chiing minh : ldi van trong van ban gidn di,
di hiiu, ngin ggn nhung diin dgt ngi dung phong phu, lap ludn viing chic.
{Ggiy: Phdn tfch mgt diin dgt cua vdn ban qua cdc ludn diem :
- Tinh the ndo huge chung ta phai chien dau ?
- Chiing ta chiin diu bing vu khi g^ ?
- Niem tin tat thing cda chung ta.)

99

MOT THOI DAI TRONG THI CA HOAl THANH

(Trich)

K^TQUACANOAT

• Hieu dugc quan nidm cua Hoai Thanh vi
''tinh than tha mdi" trong y nghia van chuang
va xa hdi.

• Thay rd nghe thudt nghj ludn van chuang
khoa hgc, chdt che, thau ddo vd cdch diin dgt
tdi hoa, tinh te, giau cam xuc eiia tac gid.

TI^U OAN

Hoai Thanh (1909 - 1982) ten khai sinh la Nguyin Diic Nguydn. Ong xudt than trong mdt gia

dinh nha nho ngheo y6u nude d xa Nghi Trung, huydn Nghi Ldc, tinh Ngh^ An. Trudc Cdch mang,

thdi cdn di hoc, dng tung tham gia phdng trao ydu nudc va bi thyc dan Phap bdt giam. 6ng vidt

van tu nhiing nam 30 eua the ki XX. Thang 8 nam 1945, dng tham gia khdi'nghia va lam Chu tjch

Hpi van hoa cuu qudc d Hue. Sau Cach mang thang Tam, dng hoat dpng chu ydu trong nganh Van

hoa - Ngh$ thuat va timg giu nhiiu chuc vu ^

quan trpng: Tdng thu ki Hdi Van hoa ciiu qudc

Viet Nam, Hdi Van nghd Vifit Nam, Vp trudng

Vu Nghe thu^t, Tdng thu ki Hdi Lien hiep van

hpe nghe thu^t Viet Nam, Chu nhiem tudn bao

Vdn nghe,...

Hoai Thanh la nha phe binh van hpe xuat
sdc nhat eua van hpe Viet Nam hidn dai. Ong la
tac gid cua nhiiu cdng trinh ed gia tri : Vdn
chuong vd hdnh ddng (1936), Thi nhdn Viet
Nam (1942), Cd mgt nin vdn hod Viit Nam
(1946), Quyin sdng ciia con ngudi trong "Truyin
Kieu" ciia Nguyin Du (1949), Ndi chuyin tha
khdng chien (1950), Phi binh vd tieu ludn
(3 tap - 1960, 1965, 1971). Trong dd Thi nhdn
Viet Nam la cdng trinh dupe danh gia xuat sdc
nhat. Nam 2000, dng dupe Nha nude t$ng Giai
thudng Ho Chi Minh vi van hpe nghe thu^t.

Mgt thdi dgi trong thi ca la tieu luan md ddu • >,
cudn Thi nhdn Viit Nam, tdng kdt mpt each sau
sac phong trao Tho mdi. Doan trich dudi day
thudc phan cudi cda bai tieu luan ndi trdn.

Hoai Thanh

100

VAN BAN

[...] Bdy gid hay di tim cdi diiu ta cho Id quan trgng hon: tinh thin tha mdi.

Gid cdc nhd tha mdi cu viit nhiing cau nhu hai cdu vtra trich trdn nay'^' thi tien
cho ta biet miy. Nhtmg chinh Xudn Dieu cdn viit:

Ngudi giai nhdn: bin dgi dudi cdy gid;
Tinh du khdch: thuyin qua khdng bu0c chgt.

Vd mdt nhd tha cu^^) ^^ cdnh thu lai cd nhiing cdu nhi nhanh vd la loi :
0 hay! Cdnh cung ua ngudi nhi!
Ai thdy ai md chdng ngdn ngo ?

Gid ttong tha cu chi cd nhiing ttin ngdn sdo ngii, nhiing bdi thg chdc tung,
nhiing bai tha vinh hit cdi ndy den cdi ng, md cdc nhd tha mdi Igi ehi ldm nhiing
bdi kldt tde thi cung tien cho ta biit miy. Khdn ndi, cdi tim thudng, cdi Id ldng
ching phdi cua rieng mdt thdi ndo vd mudn hiiu tinh thin tha cho dung din, phdi
sdnh bdi hay vdi bdi hay vdy.

Au Id ta ddnh phai nhdn ring ttdi dat khdng phdi dung len cung mdt lin vdi thi
h$ chdng ta. Hdm nay dd phdi thai ttr hdm qua vd ttong cdi mdi vin cdn rdt Igi it
nhiiu cdi cu. Cdc thdi dgi vdn lien tiep cung nhau vd mudn rd ddc sdc mdi thdi
phdi nhin vao dgi thi.

Cii dgi the thi tat cd tinh thin thdi xua - hay tha cu - vd thdi nay - hay tha mdi -
ed thi gdm Igi ttong hai chii tdi vd ta. Ngdy trudc Id thdi chii ia, bdy gid Id thdi chii
tdi. Ndi gidng nhau thi vin ed chd gidng nhau nhu chii tdi vin gidng chii ta.
Nhung chdng ta hdy tim nhiing chd khdc nhau.

Ngay thii nhat - ai biit dfch ngdy ndo - chii tdi xuit hien tten thi dan Viet Nam,
nd thuc bd ngd. Nd nhu Igc lodi noi dit khdch. Bdi nd mang theo mgt quan niem
chtra ttmg thay d xii ndy: quan niem cd nhdn. Xd hdi Vidt Nam ttr xua khdng cd ed
nhdn. Chi ed dodn the: ldn thi qudc gia, nhd thi gia dinh. Cdn cd nhdn, cdi bdn sic
cda cd nhan chim dim trong gia dinh, ttong qudc gia nhu gigt nudc ttong bien cd.
Cung cd nhiing bdc ki tdi xuit diu Id didn. Thdng bode hg cung ghi hinh dnh hg
trgng vdn tha. Vd thing hode ttong vdn tha hg cung dung den chti tdi de ndi
chuydn vdi ngudi khdc. Song diu tdo bao din dau hg cung khdng mdt lin nao

(1) Tiic la hai cau tho cda Xuan Didu:
Hdm nay tdi dd chit trong ngudi
Xua h?n nghin ndm yiu mdn tdi.

(2) Cd sach ndi Id cda Bd Huydn Thanh Quan, cd sach ndi la cua Hd Xudn Huong (ehu thich cda
Hoai Thanh).

101

ddm diing chti tdi de ndi chuyen vdi minh, bay - thi cdng thi - vdi tat ci mgi
ngudi. Mdi khi nhin vdo tdm hdn hg hay dung trudc loai ngudi menh mdng, bode
hg khdng tuxtmg'i', bode hg an minh sau chQto,mdt chii cd thi chi chung nhiiu
ngudi. Hg phdi ciu ciiu dodn the di ttdn cd don. Chang ttdeh ^ tdc pham hg vua
ra ddi, dodn the dd ddnh ldm eua chung, lam khi ciing ching them ghi tdn cua hg.
6 phuong Tdy, nhat la ttr khi cd dgo Thien Chua, khdng bao gid cd nhdn Igi bi re
rung den the.

Bdi vdy cho nen, khi chii tdi, vai cdi nghia tuyet ddi cda nd, xuat hien giiia thi
ddn Viet Nam, bao nhieu con mit nhin nd mdt cdch khd chiu. Nd cii ludn ludn
di theo nhiing chii anh, chii bdc, chii dng dd thay chirdng. Hudng bdy gid nd
din mdt minh!

Nhung, ngdy mdt ngdy hai, nd mat dan cdi ve bd ngd. Nd dirge vd sd ngudi
quen. Ngudi ta Igi cdn thay nd ddng thuong. Md that nd tdi nghiep qud!

Thi nhdn ta ca hd dd mit hit cdi cdt cdch hien ngang ngdy trudc. Chii ta vdihg
to rdng qud. Tdm hdn cua hg chi viia thu ttong khudn khd chii tdi. Dimg ed tim d
hg cdi khf phdch ngang tang cua mdt thi hdo ddi xua nhu Lf Thdi Bgch, ttong ttdi
dat ehi biit ed tha. Din chut Idrig ttr ttgng cin de khinh canh ca ban, hg cdng
khdng ed niia:

Ndi ddi cay cue dang gia vudt,
Cam do khdng dua vdi khdch tha.

Khdng biit ttong khi ren ri nhu thi Xudn Didu cd nghl den Nguyin Cdng Trii,
mdt ngudi ddng qudn, chang nhiing dd dua canh nghio md cdn lay canh nghdo
ldm vui(2)

Nhung ta trdch gi Xudn Dieu! Xudn Dieu, nha tha dgi biiu day dd nhit cho thdi
dgi, chi ndi cdi khd sd, cdi tham hgi eua bet thay chiing ta.

Ddi chiing ta dd nim ttong vdng chii tdi. Mat bi rdng ta di tim b i sdu. Nhtmg
cang di sdu cdng lanh. Ta thodt len tien cdng Thi Lu, ta phidu luu ttong tnrdng
tinh ciing Luu Trgng Lu, ta dien cudng vdi Hdn Mdc Tii, Chi Lan Vidn, ta dim say
cung Xudn Dieu. Nhtmg ddng tien dd khip, tinh yeu khdng bin, didn cudng rdi
tinh, say dim vdn ba va. Ta nga ngin budn ttd vi hdn ta cung Huy Can.

(1) Sudt trong "khue tu tinh" eua Cao Ba Nha dai 538 eau, ehu tdi khdng ed da ddnh, ma cflng
khdng ed lay mpt chii ta (ehu thich eua Hodi Thanh).

(2) Nguyin Cdng Tni viet trong Nhd nho vui cdnh ngheo (Han nho phong vi phu): Ngdy ba bOa vS
bung rau binh bich, ngudi qudn tu dn chdng cau no - Dim ndm canh an gidc ngdy kho kho,
ddi thdi binh cda thudng bd ngd.

102

Ci ttdi thuc, ttdi mdng vin nao nad theo hdn ta.

Thuc chtra bao gid tha Vi^t Nam budn vd nhit Id xdn xao nhu thi. Cung ldng
ty tdn, ta mit ludn cd cdi binh yen thdi trudc.

Thai tnrdc, diu bi oan khuit nhu Cao Bd Nhg, dau bi khinh bd nhu cd phu'i'
tten bin Tim Duong, vin cdn cd thi nuong tua vdo mdt cdi ^ khdng di dich. Ngdy
nay ldp thdnh kien phu tren linh hdn dd tieu tan cung ldp hoa hoe phu tten thi tii.
Phuong Tay dd giao trd hdn ta Igi cho ta. Nhung ta bdng hodng vi nhin vdo dd ta
thay thiiu mdt diiu, mdt diiu cin hon ttdm nghin diiu khdc: mdt ldng tin day du.

Dd, tit ea cdi bi kich duong diin ngim ngim, dudi nhiing phu hi§u di ddi,
ttong hdn ngtrdi thanh nien.

Bi kich ay hg gui ed vdo tiing Vidt. Hg ydu vd cung thii tiing trong miy muoi
thi ki da chia si vui budn vdi cha dng. Hg ddn tinh ydu qud huong trong tinh
ydu tiing Viet. Tiing Vidt, hg nghl, la tam lua dd hiing vong hdn nhiing t h i hd
qua. Den lugt hg, hg cung mudn mugn tam hdn bgch'^^ chung di gdi ndi bdn
khodn ridng.

Nhung do dd ttong thit vgng se ndy mam hi vgng.

Chua bao gid nhu bdy gid hg hiiu cdu ndi ean ddm cua dng chu bdo Nam
phong: "Truyin Kiiu cdn, tiing ta cdn; tieng ta cdn, nirdc ta cdn".

Chua bao gid nhu bdy gid hg cdm thay tmh thin ndi gidng cung nhu cdc thi
tha xua chi bien thien chu khdng sao tieu didt.

Chtra bao gid nhu bdy gid hg thay cin phdi tim vi dl vang de vin vdo nhiing gi
bit di$t dd bdo dam cho ngdy mai.

Novembre^^) 1941

{Thi nhdn Viit Nam, Nguyin Ddc Phidn xuat bdn. Ha Npi, 1943)

(1) Y ndi ngudi ea nii trong Ti bd hdnh cua Bsich Cu Di.

(2) Hdn bqch: tam lya hay vdi dupe ket l?i thanh hinh ngudi ed ddu, cd chan tay ddp vao ngudi sdp

chdt. Hdn b^ch dupe coi nhu linh hdn ngudi chdt, dua ldn bdn thd vd rude theo quan tai khi

dua ma. ^

(3) Novembre (tidng Phap): thang 11.

103

HU^G DAN HOC BAI

1. Theo tde gid, cdi khd trong viec tim ra tinh than cua tha mdi Id gi ? Va tdc gid da
neu ra cdch nhdn dien nhu the ndo ?

2. Diiu cdt ldi md tho mdi dua den cho thi ddn Vidt Nam biy gid Id gi ?

3. Vi sao tde gia ndi "chii tdi, vai cdi nghia tuydt ddi cua nd" Igi "ddng thuong" va
..."tdi nghiep"?

4. Cdc nhd tha lang mgn cung nhu "ngudi thanh nidn" bay gid da giii toi bi kich
ddi minh bang cdch nao ?

5. M0t thdi dgi trong thi ca la mdt tiiu lugn phiic tgp, phong phu nhtmg vi sao
ngudi dgc vin thiy di hiiu va hap din ? (Chu y cdch ddt van de, din dit vin
di, ldi vdn gidu binh dnh vd chit tha,...)

, CHI NHO ,

Vdi mdt nghe thuat ldp luan khoa hgc, chat che, thau ddo vd mdt-vdn phong
tai hoa, tinh te, giau cam xuc, Mot thai dai trong thi ca da ndu rd ndi dung
cdt yeu ciia "tinh than tha mdi" : Lin d i u tidn "ehu tdi, vdi cdi nghia tuydt
ddi cua nd", xuat hien trong thi ca ddng thdi cQng ndi Idn "cai bi kjch ngim
ngam trong hdn ngudi thanh nidn" hdi biy gid.

LUYEN TAP

1. Theo quan niem cua Hodi Thanh, ehu tdi va to ttong tha mdi vd tha cu cd g^
khdc nhau ?

2. Ldng yeu nude eua cdc nhd tha mdi da dirge bieu Id nhu thi nao ?

3. Qua bai tieu ludn, anh (chi) hieu gi them vi tdm hdn cdc nha thor lang man vd
thi he thanh nien duong thdi ?

104

PHONG CACH NGdN NOV C H I N H L U A N

(Tiip tiieo)

II - CAC PHUDNG TIEN DllN DAT VA DAC TRUNG CUA PHONG CACH N G 6 N NGUT
CHiNH LUAN

1. Cdc phuong tien diin dat
Qua viec tim hiiu cdc trich dogn vdn ban chfnh ludn d tiit hgc tnrdc, cd the rut
ra mdt sd nhdn xet vi cdc phuang tien diin dgt cua phong cdch ngdn ngii chinh
lugn nhu sau:

a) v i ttr ngii
Vdn bdn chfnh ludn sd dung ngdn ngii thdng thudng nhung cd khd nhieu ttr
ngii chfnh tri: d0c ldp, ddng bdo, binh ddng, tg do, quyin Igi, phdt xit, thgc ddn,
khdng chiin, thdng nhdt, cdng bdng, ddn chu, da sd, thiiu so,...
Nhiiu tii ngii chfnh tri ed ngudn gdc ttr vdn bdn chinh ludn, nhung dugc dtmg
rdng khip ttong sinh hogt chfnh tri nen chiing dd tham vdo ldp ttr thdng dung, den
miic ngirdi ddn dung quen thudc, khdng cdn quan niem dd Id tii ngu U ludn niia.
Vf du: dia sd, thiiu sd, phdt xit, ddn chu, binh ddng, tudo,...

b) v i ngii phdp
Cdu vdn ttong vdn ban ehinh ludn thudng Id cdu ed kit ciu chuan muc, gin vdi
nhiing phdn dodn Idgfe trong mdt he thdng lap ludn, cdu trudc lien kit vdi cdu
sau, cdu sau ndi tiep cdu trudc trong mdt mgeh suy ludn. Vi du (xem thdm cdc
dogn ttich d tiet trudc):
-[...] Dd Id nhiing le phdi khdng ai chdi cdi dugc.

(Hd Chi Minh, Tuyin ngdn Ddc ldp)

- [...] Cd thi ndi Id qudn Phdp d Ddng Duong dd khdng khdng chiin vd cdng
cuoc khdng chiin d Ddng Duong Id cdng cu0c duy nhdt cua nhdn ddn ta.

(Trudng Chinh, Cao trdo chdng Nhdt, cdu nudc)

- [...] Xudn mdi, thivd Igc mdi, chung ta tg tin di tdi!

{Vi$t Nam di tdi, bao Qudn d0i nhdn ddn, sd Tdt 2004)

105

Cdc vdn ban chinh ludn thudng diing nhtmg eau phiic hgp cd nhiing tii ngu
Uen kit nhu : do vdy, bdi thi, cho nin, vi le dd,... ; tuy... nhung; du... nhung,..'.
de phuc vu cho lap ludn dugc chat che.

c) v i bien phdp tu ttr

Ngdn ngii chinh ludn khdng phdi luc nao cung mang tinh cdng thiic, udc le,
khd khan. Nguge Igi, nd ed the rit sinh ddng do su dung khd nhiiu cdc bidn phdp
tutii.

Vfdu:

- Chdng tdm cue cu0c khdi nghia ciia ta trong nhdng bimdu.

(Hd Chi Minh, Tuyin ngdn Dgc lap)

- [...] Phdt xit Nhdt qudt thuc ddn Phdp xudng chdn ddi chinh tri.

(Trudng Chinh, Cao trdo chdng Nhdt, ciiu nudc)

- Khdp non sdng Viet Nam dang bimg day m0t sinh khi mdi. Sinh khi dy dang
biiu hien trin khudn mat timg ngudi ddn, trong timg thdn bdn, ngd phd, tren timg
cdnh ddng, cdng trudng, trong timg viin nghiin ciiu, trin cdc chdt tiin tiiu ddu
sdng nggn gid,...

{Viet Nam di tdi, theo bao Qudn ddi nhdn ddn, sd Tdt 2004)

- Ddt nudc dang cdng trdn sue xudn trong y chi vd khdt vgng vuon tdi cua 80
triiu ngudi con ddt Viit. Ngudn sinh luc mdi dugc kit tu vd nhdn len trong xudn
Gidp Thdn dang hica hen tgo ra m0t sue bdng ludt mdi trin con dudng ddi xdy
dgng m0txd h0i cdng bdng, ddn chu, vdn minh.

{ViitNam di tdi, theo bao Qudn dgi nhdn ddn, sd Tdt 2004)

Tuy vgy, vi$c dung cdc bien phdp tu tu chi giup cho U le, lap ludn them hap din,
vi dich cda vdn bdn chinh ludn Id thuyet phuc ngudi dgc, ngudi nghe bang U le vd
lap lugn.

6 dgng ndi (khau ngu), ngdn ngii chfnh luan ehu ttgng din cdch phdt dm,
ngudi ndi phdi diin dgt sao cho khue chiit, rd rdng, mgeh Igc. Trong ttudng hgp
cin thiit (vf du : hd hdo, kdu ggi bode ttanh bien) thi ngii dieu ddng mdt vai ttd
quan ttgng di thu hut ngudi nghe. Nhiing diin gia tdi ndng sii dung gigng didu
nhu mdt phuong ti6n quan trgng de thuyet phuc thinh gia.

2. Dac tnmg cua phong each ngdn ngCr chinh luan

Tu nhiing nhdn xet vi ngdn ngii chfnh ludn ndi trdn, cd tiii khdi qudt nhiing
ddc trung ca ban cua phong cdch ngdn ngu chfnh ludn gdm :

106

a) Tinh cdng khai ve quan diim chfnh tri

Tuy di tdi cua vdn ban chinh ludn Id nhiing van di thdi su ttong eude sdng,
nhung ngdTti tii chfnh ludn khdng chi cd chuc ndng thdng tin mdt cdch khdch quan
ma phai the hien dudng ldi, quan diim, thdi do chfnh tri cua ngudi viit (hay ndi)
mdt cdch cdng khai, ddt khoat, khdng che giiu, up md.

Chang hgn d bdi binh ludn thdi su Cao trdo chdng Nhdt, ciiu nudc, ngay tii
nhiing ddng dau tien, tde gia da khang dinh ke thu cua cdch mgng luc dd Id phdt
xit Nhdt, vd ta phdi phdt ddng cao trdo chdng Nhdt, khdng cdn hi vgng ma hd ring
ngirdi Phdp se Id ddng minh chdng Nhdt (luc dd thue ddn Phdp d Ddng Duong Id
luc lugng ddng minh chdng phdt xit). Thdi do chinh tri thi hien rd rdng qua ldi le
phe phdn nghidm khac : hg sung xin hdng, nhdm biin gidi cdm ddu chdy, bd ta
chgy,... vd ca ttong kit ludn : Cd thi ndi Id qudn Phdp d Ddng Duong dd khdng
khdng chiin vd cdng cu0c khdng chiin d Ddng Duong Id cdng cu0c duy nhdt cua
nhdn ddn ta.

Ttr ngii su dung ttong vdn ban chfnh ludn phdi dugc cdn nhie kl cdng, ddc biet
la nhiing tu ngii thi hien lap trudng, quan diem chfnh tri. (Xem Tuyin ngdn
Ddc lap, Ldi kiu ggi todn qudc khdng chiin,...). Ngudi viet trdnh dung nhiing ttr
ngii ma hd, khdng the hien thdi do chfnh tri rd rdng, diit khodt, ttdnh nhiing cdu
nhieu y ldm ngudi dgc ldn ldn quan diem, lap trudng, chfnh kiin.

b) Tinh chat che ttong diin dgt vd suy ludn

Ndi chUng, trii nhiing ldi phdt bieu don le, phong cdch ehinh ludn thi bien tinh
chat che cua he thdng lap ludn. Cd the thay cdch diin dgt ed gid tri lap ludn, thien
ve khang dinh ttong vdn ban Tuyin ngdn D0c ldp eua Chu tich Ho Chf Minh.
Tir nhiing ludn cu dirge mgi ngudi thCra nhdn, tdc gid khing dinh : "Dd Id nhiing
le phdi khdng ai chdi cdi dugc", tiep dd, tdc gid dua ra nhiing ludn chiing lich sir
de di den ludn diim khang dinh quyin ddc lap eua nudc Viet Nam. Dd Id mdt he
thdng liidn diim chat che, ttong dd ttmg y, timg cdu, ttmg dogn dugc phdi hop vdi
nhau mdt each hdi hod, mgeh Igc. Ta hiiu vi sao vdn chinh ludn thudng dung
nhiiu tii ngii Uen kit nhu: di, md, vdi, vd, tuy, nhung, do do md, bdi vdy,...

e) Tfnh truyin cam, thuyet phuc

Ngdn ngii chfnh ludn Id cdng cu di ttinh bdy, thuyet phuc, tgo nen siic hip
ddn, ldi cudn ngudi dgc (ngudi nghe).

Ngodi gid tri lap ludn, vdn bdn chfnh ludn cdn thi hien gid tti d gigng vdn hung
hdn, tha thiit, bdc Id nhiet tinh cua ngudi viit. Dgc biit, ttong nhiing cugc ttanh
ludn, diin thuyet thi ngii dieu, gigng ndi dugc coi Id phuang tidn quan trgng hd
ttg cho U le, ngdn tir.

107

Viit vdn ehinh ludn cung nhu trinh bdy, diin thuyit trudc cdng chung la cd mdt
nghe thudt -nghe thudt hung bien - thi hien ed tinh sdng tgo eua ngudi trinh bay.
Vi vdy, trong cdc tde pham chfnh ludn dd hinh thdnh nhurig phong cdch khdc
nhau. Cd the thiy van chinh ludn eua Chd tich Ho Chf Minh gidn di, di hieu ma
thim thia sdu sdc, mdc mge md khue chiit, hung hdn; vdn chinh ludn eua Phgm
Vdn Ddng gay ggn, danh thep ; vdn chinh ludn cda Trudng Chinh nhieu ting bdc
md sdng rd, mach Igc,...

Tdm Igi, ngdn ngii chinh ludn d nudc ta rat phdt triin vd dd hinh thdnh mdt
phong cdch ngdn ngii ddc lap vdi ba ddc trung ehu yeu : tfnh cdng khai vi
quan diem chinh tti; tfnh chat che trong diin dgt vd suy ludn ; tfnh truyin cdm,
thuyit phuc.

GHINHO-
Phong each ngdn ngu chinh ludn cd ba dac trung ca ban : tinh cdng khai ve
quan diem chinh trj ; tinh chat ch6 trong d i i n dat va suy ludn ; tinh truyin
cam, thuyet phuc. Cdc ddc trung dd dugc t h i hidn d nhCrng phuang tidn d i i n
dat nhIm dat muc dich trinh bay y kiin hode bJnh ludn, danh gia van de theo
mdt quan diim ehinh tri nhat djnh.

LUYEN TAP

1. Chi ra bidn phdp tu ttr trong dogn vdn chfnh ludn sau:
Ai cd sung dung sung. Ai cd guam dung guam, khdng cd guom thi dung cudc,

thudng, gdyg0c. Ai cung phdi ra sue chdng thuc ddn Phdp cuu nudc.

(Hd Chi Minh, Ldi kiu ggi todn qudc khdng chiin)

2. Viit mdt di cuong bdi ndi di chiing minh cho cdu ndi cua Chu tich
Hd Chf Minh:
Ndn sdng Viet Nam cd trd nin tuai dep hay khdng, ddn t0c Viet Nam cd budc tdi

ddi vinh quang disdnh vai vdi cdc cudng qudc ndm chdu dugc hay khdng, chinh
Id nhd m0t phdn ldn d cdng hgc tap cda cdc em.

(Hd Chi Minh, Thu gdi cdc hgc sinh)

3. Viit mdt dogn van de chdng minh nhdn dinh sau: Ldng yiu nudc bdt ngudn tii
tinh yiu nhiing ngudi thdn, yiu nai chdn nhau cdt rdn vdi nhiing ki niim tudi^
tho khdng bao gid quin.

108

MOT SO THE LOAI VAN HQC : KICH, NGHI L U A N

KET QUA CAN OAT-

• H i i u khdi quat ddc d i i m eua mgt sd t h i loai
van hgc : kich, nghj ludn.

• Van dung nhirng hieu biet dd vao viec doc van.
V

I-KICH

1. Khai lirgc ve kich

Kich Id mdt logi hinh nghe thugt tdng hgp. Trong phgm vi vdn hgc, logi vdn ban
kich dugc neu ra thuc chit Id phin vdn ban eua tdc pham kich (kich ban vdn hgc).
Do kich thudng dugc viit ra de diin (ttong san khau va dien dnh) nen tdc phim
kich khdng thi chiia dtmg mdt dung lugng hien thuc rdng ldn nhu truyen, cflng
khdng thi lang lai ttong nhiing mgeh chim eua cam xuc, suy nghi nhu tha ea, md
kich lua chgn nhiing xung d0t trong ddi sdng ldm ddi tugng md td. Trong xung dot
kich, nhiing van di thudc bdn chit cua hien thuc dugc ddn nen, quy ty, ndi bat.
Xung d0t kich dugc cu thi hod bing hdnh d0ng kich, dd Id su td chuc cdt truydn
vdi cdc tinh tiit, su kien, biin cd theo mgt diin biin Idgie, chat che, nhat qudn.
Hanh ddng kich dugc thuc hien bdi cdc nhdn vdt kich, chfnh ttong qud ttinh dd
nhan vdt bdc Id dgc diim, tinh cdch cua minh.

Trong kich, cdc nhdn vdt dugc xdy dung bing chinh ngdn ngii (ldi thogi) cda
ho. Ngdn ngii kich cd ba loai: ddi thogi (ldi cua cdc nhdn vdt ndi vdi nhau), ddc
thogi (ldi nhdn vdt tu bdc Id tam tu, tinh cdm eua minh), bdng thogi (ldi nhdn vgt
ndiriengvdi ngudi xem). Qua ldi thogi, tfnh cdch nhdn vdt, nhiing van di, nhiing
mdu thuin cflng nhu cudc sdng xd hdi hien dan ldn. Ngdn ngu kich mang tinh
hanh ddng vd tinh khau ngu cao.

Xet theo ndi dung, y nghia cud xung dot, ngudi ta phdn ra ba logi kich: bi kich,
hai kich, chinh kich. Bi kich phdn dnh xung dot giua nhiing nhdn vdt cao thugng,
tdt dep vdi nhiing the luc den tdi, ddc de ; su thdm bgi hay cdi chit cua nhiing
nhdn vdt ay ggi len ndi xdt xa, thuong cam - nhu Rd-mi-d vd Giu-li-et eua
Sich-xpia. Hdi kich khai thdc nhiing tinh hudng khdi hdi, su ddi lap giiia ve ngodi
dep de vdi cdi ben ttong xau xa nhim ldm bat len tieng cudi chi giiu, mia mai -
nhu Lao hd tiin cua Md-U-e. Chfnh kich, ciing ggi Id kich, phdn dnh mdu thudn,
xung ddt ttong cudc sdng bing ngdy vdi bi hdi, vui budn ldn ldn - nhu Hdn Truang
Ba,,da hdng thit eua Luu Quang Vfl. Xet theo hinh thiie ngdn ngu trinh diin lai ed
kich tha (ldi thogi bdng tha), kich ndi (ldi thogi bing ngdn ngii ddi thirdng), ca kich
(ldi thoai bang hdt, nhu tudng, eheo, cdi luong).

109

2. Yeu cau ve dgc kich ban van hgc

- Dgc kl ldi gidi thieu, tieu din di ed hieu biit chung vi tde gid, tdc pham, thqi
dai ma tdc pham ra ddi, vj tri cua dogn tticb trong todn bd tdc phim.

- Tap tnmg ehu y vdo ldi thogi eua cdc nhdn vdt. Ngdn ngu kich ngodi chiic
ndng bieu dgt tu tudng, tinh cam nhu ldi ndi thdng thudng cdn mang tinh hanh
ddng. Dd Id nhiing ldi tranh ludn, bien bdc ldm thay ddi tinh thi, khic sdu mdu
thudn, thuc day sii tien triin cua xung dot. Qua ldi thogi, xdc dinh quan be eua cdc
nhdn vgt, tim hiiu ddc diem, tinh each cua tiing nhdn vat.

- Phdn tich hdnh ddng kich. Tii ldi thogi, ddc diem, tfnh cdch vd mdi quan he
tdc ddng lin nhau cua cdc nhdn vdt, tim hiiu cdc tinh tiit, su kien, bien ed tgo nen
diin biin cua cdt truyen. Xdc dinh rd ddu la xung dot ehu yeu, ddu Id xung dot thii
yiu, phdn tich diin tiin vd kit qud cua tiing xung dot dd.

- Qua diin tiin cdng thing cua xung dot vd thdi do, hdnh ddng, $d phdn cua
cdc nhan vat tiong xung dot, cin neu rd chu di tu tudng, y nghia xa hdi eua tac
pham. Mgi gid tri eua tde pham kich diu khdi ngudn ttr xung ddt vd nghd thudt thi
hien xung dot. "Xung ddt Id ea sd eua kich'' (Pha-de-ep).

II - NGHj LUAN

1. Khai luge vi van nghi luan

Nghi ludn Id mdt thi logi vdn bgc ddc biet, dung 11 le, phdn dodn, chiing cii di
bdn ludn ve mgt van di ndo dd (chinh tri, xd hdi, vdn bgc nghe thuat, triit hgc, dgo
diic,...). Vin di dugc neu ra nhu mdt cdu hdi cin gidi ddp, ldm sdng td. Ludn Id
bdn vi diing, sai, phai, trdi, khang dinh dieu ndy, bdc bd diiu kia, di ngudi ta nhdn
ra chan U, ddng tinh vdi minh, chia se quan diim vd niem tin cua minh. Siic mgnh
cua van nghi ludn Id d su sdu sic cua tu tudng, tinh cam, tfnh mgeh Igc, chat che
cua suy nghl vd trinh bdy, su thuyit phuc cua lap ludn. Van dung cdc thao tde nhu
gidi thfeh, phdn tieh, chiing minh, bdc bd, so sdnh,... vdn nghi ludn tdc ddng vdo
U tri, nhdn thue vd ea tdm hdn ngudi dgc, giup hg hieu rd van di dd neu ra.

Vdn nghi ludn ngodi yiu td trinh bdy, diin giai, ft hode nhiiu, true tiep bode
gidn tiep cdn cd yiu tdttcinhludn. Do dd ngdn ngu trong van nghi ludn cflng gidu
hinh anh vd sac thdi biiu cdm, nhung quan trgng nhit la "phdi dung ttr vdi mdt
su chinh xdc nghiet nga" (M. Go-ra-ki). Ngdn ngu vdn nghi ludn mang tinh xa hdi
vd tinh hgc thudt cao.

Xet theo ndi dung ludn ban, dgudi ta phdn vdn nghi ludn ldm hai thi : vdn
chinh lugn (ludn ban ve cdc van di ehinh tti, xa hgi, triet hgc, dgo due), vdn phi
binh vdn hgc (ludn bdn vi cdc van di vdn bgc nghe thudt). Vdn nghi ludn thai
trung dgi ed cdc bdi chiiu, cdo, hich, binh su, diiu trdn, bdi ludn,... [Chiiu ddi dd
eua Li Cdng Uan, Hich tudng si cua Trin 'Qudc Tuan, Dgi cdo binh Ngd cua

110

Nguyin Trdi, Chiiu cdu hiin cua Ngd Thi Nhdm,...). Vdn nghi ludn hien dgi gdm
cdc bdi tuyin ngdn, ldi kiu ggi, bdi binh ludn, phi binh, tranh ludn, but chiin,
xd ludn, ngdn lugn,... {Tuyin ngdn D0c lap vd Ldi kiu ggi todn qudc khdng chiin
cua Chu tieh Hd Chi Minh, Dgo due vd ludn li Ddng Tdy cua Phan Chau Trinh,
Mdt thdi dgi trong thi ca eua Hodi Thanh,...).

2. Yeu cau ve dgc van nghi luan
- Tim hiiu thdn thi tde gid vd hodn canh ra ddi eua tde pham nghi ludn. Ttr dd
nhdn xet: Van di neu len trong tdc pham xua't phdt tii nhu ciu ndo cua thuc ti, ed
tim quan trgng nhu thi ndo vdi eude sdng, vdi Unh vuc dugc ludn bdn ?
- Vdn nghi ludn trudc bet thi hien nhiing tu tudng, li tudng cua con ngudi (tu
tudng chfnh tri, xd hdi, quan diim, tu tudng vdn hgc nghe thudt,...). Phdi nam bit
mgeh suy nghl, su van ddng eua tu tudng theo tiin trinh diin giai, trinh bdy vin
di. Chu y tdm luge cdc lugn diim vd xdc dinh mdi quan he giiia chung vdi nhau.
- Cam nhdn tdm tu, tinh cam nhu mdt mach chim ttong ddng chdy cua tde
pham nghi ludn. Cdc sic thdi cua cam xuc, nhiing cung bdc cua tinh cam thi hien
ttong su ludn bdn lam tdng siic thuyet phuc eua tdc pham nghi ludn.
- Phdntiehnghe thudt lap ludn, cdch neu chiing cu, su dung ngdn ngii, tdc dung
cua cdc bien phdp dd vditiingvfo de dugc trinh bay ttong ndi dung tde pham.
- Neu khdi qudt gid tri cua tdc phim nghi lugn vi ea hai phuong dien : nghe
thudt bieu hien vd ngi dung tu tudng. Cd thi nit ra nhiing bdi hgc sdu sic ttr tdc
phim nghi ludn dugc hgc.

vAm DAN HOC BAI

1. Hay ndu ddc tnmg cua kich, cdc kiiu logi kich vd yeu ciu vi dgc kich ban vdn bgc.
2. Tdm luge ddc trung eua vdn nghi ludn, cdc kiiu logi vdn nghi ludn vd ydu ciu vi

dgc vdn nghi ludn.

, GHI NHO .

• Kich tai hien nhCrng xung dot trong eude sdng qua diin ! i i n ciia cdt truydn
kjch, qua Idi thoai va hanh dgng eua cac nhan vat kjch.

• Van nghi luSn trinh bay true tiep tu tudng, quan diem, tinh cam v i nhung
van d i ma xa hdi quan tam bang li Je, chung cu cd sue thuyet phuc.

LUYEN TAP

1. Phdn tieh xung dot kich tiong dogn trich Tinh yiu vd thu hdn (trich kich
Rd-mi-d vd Giu-li-et cua Sich-xpia).

2. Phdn tich nghe thugt lap ludn ttong van bdn Ba cdng hiin vi dgi cua Cdc Mdc
(Ang-ghen).

Ill

LUYiN TAP VAN DUNG KET HOP
CAC THAO TAC LAP LUAN

KET QUA CAN OAI -

• Cung cd nhirng kien thuc va kT nang ca ban ve
cac thao tac ldp ludn da hgc.

• Vdn dung cdc thao tdc lap luan da hgc de viet
dugc mgt van ban nghj ludn ngdn v i mdt hidn
tugng (van de) gan gui, quen thugc trong ddi
sdng hoac trong van hoc.

< '.

1. Dgc dogn trich sau vd tra ldi cdc cdu hdi.

Ngudi ddu tiin chiu dnh hudng Phdp rdt ddm dd Id ThiLu. [...]

Nhung den ndm 1936, dnh hudngPhdp Igi thdm thia thim m0t tdng nda. Trong
tha ThiLu ta chi thdy dn hiin ddi nhd thaPhdp ve thdi ldng mgn. Xudn Diiu, nhd
tha ra ddi hdi bdy gid, mdi m0t cdch rd rit. Vdi ThiLu thi nhdn ta cdn nudi gidc
m0ng lin tiin, m0tgidc m.0ng rdt xua. Xudn Diiu dot cdnh Bong Lai vd xua ai ndy
vi hg gidi. Vdi m0t nghi thugt tinh vi dd hgc dugc cda Bd-da-le, Xudn Diiu diiti td
ldng ham sdng bdng b0t trong tha Da Nd-ai vd trong vdn Gi-do. [...}

Anh hudng Phdp trong tha Viet din Xudn Diiu Id cue diim. Qua ndm 1938,
Huy Cdn ra ddi, nd dd bdt ddu xudng, mdc ddu Huy Can cung chiu dnh hudng tha
Phdp gdn day, nhdt Id dnh hudng Vec-len. [...]

Trdi hdn vdi ldi tha td chdn cd ldi tha Hdn Mac Tu - Chi Lan Viin. Cd hai diu
chiu rdt ndng dnh hudngBd~do-le vd qua Bd-da-le, dnh hudng nhd vdn MiEt-gaPd,
tdc gid tap "Chuyin Ig". Cd khdc chdng Id Chi Lan Viindddi tit Bd-da-le, Et-ga Pd
din tha Dudng md Hdn Mac Tu dd di ngugc ItJii tic tho Dudng tdi Bd-da-le, Et-ga Pd
vd di thim mdt dogn niia cho gap Thdnh Kinh cua dgo Thiin Chua. [...}

Viit xong dogn trin ndy dgc Igi tdi thdy khd chiu. Mdi nhd tha Viet hinh nhu
mang ndng trM ddu ndm bdy nhd tho Phdp. Ay chi vi tdi tim dnh hudng dichia
xu hudng. Su thuc ddu cd the. Tiing Viet, tiing Phdp khdc nhau xa. Hdn tha Phdp
hi chuyin dugc vdo tho Viet Id dd Viit hod hodn todn. Sg thuc thi khi tdi xem tha
Xudn Diiu, tdi khdng nghi din Da Nd-ai... Thi vdn Phdp khdng ldm mdt bdn sdc
Viet Nam. Nhiing su md phdng ngu mu0i ldp tdc bi ddo thdi

{Theo Hoai Thanh - Hoai Chan,
Thi nhdn Viet Nam, Sdd)

112

Cdu hdi:

a) Dogn trich viet # vin di ^ ? Quan diim cua cdc tdc gia ddi vdi van di dd
nhu thi nao ?

b) Cdc tdc gid dd sd dung thao tde lap lugn ndo Id chu yeu ? Ngodi ra, trong dogn
trich cdn ed thao tdc lap lugn ndo khdc niia khdng ?

c) Cd thi quan niem mdt bdi (dogn) vdn cdng su dung dugc nhiiu thao tde lap
ludn thi cdng cd siic hip din khdng ? Phai xuit phdt tii ddu de ed thi chgn chlrib
xdc cdc thao tdc lap ludn vd vdn dung tdng hgp cdc thao tde dd trong mdt bdi
(dogn) vdn cu thi ? Vd phdi dua vdo ddu di ddnh gid miic do thdnh cdng cua vide
van dung tdng hgp nhiiu thao tdc lap ludn khdc nhau ?

2. Gid su anh (chi) phai trinh bdy mdt ludn diim ttong bdi vdn nghi ludn bdn
vi mdt trong nhiing pham chit md ngudi thanh nien ngdy nay cin cd, anh (chi)
cd thi tiin hanh luydn tap theo cdc budc sau :

a) Budc thu nhdt
- Xdc dinh ehu de eua bdi van: Anh (chi) se bdn vi pham chit cu thi ndo ?
- Xdy dung cho bdi ldm mgt dan y rdnh mgeh, hgp li di ldm rd chu di.

b) Budc thu hai

Tim cdch trinh bdy mdt ludn diim ttong phin than bdi eua ddn y vira xdy dung:

- Chgn lugn diim ndo di trinh bdy ? Ludn diim iy ndm d vi tri ndottongbdi vdn ?

- Viit cdu md diu thi nao di vua gidi thieu dugc ludn diim, vira Uen kit dugc
vdi dogn tren ?

- cin dua ra nhiing ludn cu ndo di lam sdng td ludn diim ? Cdc ludn cii iy
dung thao tdc lap ludn ndo Id chu yeu : phdn tfch, so sdnh, bdc bd hay binh lugn ?
Visao?

- Nen su d\ing cdc thao tdc lgp ludn ndo khdc nua ngodi thao tdc lap luan ehu
yiu ndi tren ? Vi sao ?

- Kit hgp thao tdc lap lugn chu yiu vdi cdc thao tdc lap ludn bd trg thi ndo de
dogn vdn cd thi ttd thdnh mdt khdi hiiu ca, thdng nhat ?

e) Budc thu ba

- Diin dgt cdc y da tim dugc thdnh mdt (bode mdt sd) dogn vdn cd Uen kit chat
che va thi hien rd phong cdch ngdn ngu.chinh lugn.

- Dgc dogn vdn da viit trudc nhdm hgc tap (hay trudc ldp), sua chua Igi theo
gdp y cua tap thi nham ndng cao chit lugng cua vdn ban.

3. Sau tiit bgc, can tiip tuc luydn tap de:

a) Viet dogn vdn triin khai mdt ludn diim khdc eua ddn y ma anh (chi) da xdy

dung tren ldp. ,

S.NGCTVAN n/2-A 113

b) Theo quy trmh luyen tap tten ldp, hdy viet mdt vdn bdn nghi ludn ngdn, cd
su dung kit hgp ft nhat hai thao tdc lap lugn, nhim thuyit phiie ddc gid theo quan
diim cua anh (chi) vi mdt hien tugng (veti di) dang dugc quan tdm ttong ldp,
ttong nhd trudng bode ttong xd hdi. Chdng ban :

- Mdt bai tha (bdi hdt, bd phim,...) dang gay nhiiu ttanh cdi;
- Van di tiip thu nhiing tinh hoa eua vdn hod nhdn logi ttong bdi canh the gidi
dang cd xu hudng ttd thdnh mgt ngdi nhd chung;
- Nen hay khdng nen bdn vi nhiing nhugc diim eua ngudi Viet Nam ?
c) Suu tim nhiing bdi ,(dogn) van hay, ttong dd tdc gia dd su dung kit hgp
thdnh cdng cdc thao tdc lap ludn khdc nhau.

a DOC THEM

MAO HIEM

Dudng di khd, khdng khd vi ngdn sdng cdch nui md khd vi ldng ngudi nggi ndi
e sdng. Xua nay nhiing ddng anh hung ldm nin nhdng viic gian nan khdng ai ldm
ndi, cung Id nhd cdi gan mgo hiim, d ddi khdng biit cdi khd Id cdi gi. [...]

Cdn nhiing ke ru ru nhu gidn ngdy, ldm viic gi cung chd trdi dgi sd, chi mong
cho dugc m0t ddi an nhdn vd su, sdng ldu gidu bin, cdn viic nudc viic ddi khdng
quan higidin minh cd. Nhu thi ggi Id sdng thica, cdn mongcd ngdy vung vdy trong
trudng cgnh tranh ndy thi ndo dugc nda. Hdy trdng nhdng bgn thiiu niin con nhd
kiiu dudn^^K cd ddi khdng ddm di ddu xa nhd, khdng ddm ldm quen vdi m0t
ngudi khdch Ig; di thuyin thi sgsdng, treo cao thi sgrun chdn, cudo budng chung
qudn ddnggdt, tudng thi Id nho nhd, tudng thi Id tu vdn^^^; md thuc ra khdng cd
luc lugng khdng cd khi phdch ;.hi ra khdi tay bdo h0 cua cha me hay ke cd thi luc
ndo thi khdng cd thimd tu lap dugc.

Vdy hgc trd ngdy nay phdi tdp xdng pha, phdi biit nhdn nhiup^; mua ndng
cung khong lay ldm nhgc nhdn, ddi ret cung khdng lay ldm khdsd. Phdi biit rdng:
hay dn miing ngon, hay mdc cua tdt, hi ra khdi nhd thi nhdy lin cdi xe, hi ngdi qud
gid thi dd kiu chdng mat,... dy Id nhiing cdch ldm minh yiu dudi nhdt nhdt, mdt
hdn cdi tinh thdn mgo hiim cua minh di.

(Nguydn Ba Hoe, Mao hiim, ddn theo Duong Qudng Ham,
trong Qudc vdn trich diim, ^JXB Tre, TP. Hd Chi Minh, 2005)

(1) Con nhd kiiu duang: con nha giau sang, duoc cha me chieu chudng.
(2) Tu vdn : van nha, ed van hoa.
(3) Nhdn nhue: d day y ndi la chiu dung gian khd.

114 8,NG0VAN 11/2-B

6 N TAP PHAN VAN HOC

KETQUACANOAT-

• Nim vijng va hd thdng hod dugc nhijng tri
thuc ca ban ve van hgc Viet Nam hien dai va
van hgc nudc ngoai da bgc trong chuang trinh
NgCr van Idp 11, hgc ki II tren hai phuang di$n
Ijch su va the loai. Biet vdn dung linh hoat,
sang tao nhdng tri thuc dd.

• Cd nang luc phdn tieh van hgc theo tung cap
do : su kien, tdc pham, hinh tugng, ngdn ngu
van hgc,...

I - NOI DUNG

Sdch gido khoa Ngu vdn ii, tap hai, phan vdn hgc Vidt Nam gdm nhung tde
phim vdn hgc hien dgi thdi ki tir diu thi ki XX din Cdch mang thdng Tdm ndm'
1945 thudc cdc thi logi thoca va nghi ludn.

Vi tho, chuang ttinh gdm cdc tdc pham : Luu biit khi xudt duang (Phan Bdi
Chdu), Hdu Trdi (Tan Dd), i^divdng (Xudn Dieu), Trdnggiang (Huy Can), Ddy thdn
ViDg (Hdn Mae Td), Chiiu tdi (Hd Chf Minh), Ticdy (Td Huu); cdc bdi dgc tiiem :
Lai Tdn (Hd Chf Minh), Nhd ddng (TdHiiu), Tuang tu (Nguyin Binh), Chiiu xudn
(Anh Tha).

Khi dn tap cdc tdc phim ndy, can nim dugc If thuyet vi thi logi tha di van
dyng vdo viec phdn tich cdc tdc pham. Cin nim viing nhiing vin di vi ndi dung
va nghe thugt; nhdn ra dugc ndi dung cam hiing, hinh tugng nhdn vdt trir tinh,
phdt hien ra cdc chi tiit nghd thudt ddc sac cua mdi bdi tha.

Vi vdn nghi ludn, sdch gido khoa cd trich tuyin di hgc cdc trfch dogn :
Vi ludn li xd h0i d nudc ta (Phan Chdu Trinh), Mgt thdi dgi trong thi ca (Hodi
Thanh); bdi dgc them : Tiing me de - ngudn gidi phdng cdc ddn t0c bi dp bdc
(Nguyin Ari Ninh).

Khi dn tap cdc tdc pham ndy, can hieu dugc su khdc nhau giua vdn hinh tugng
vdi vdn nghi ludn. Van hinh tugng Id sdn pham cda tu duy ngh$ thudt, sdng tgo ra
nhiing hinh tugng sinh ddng, dep de, tnrdc hit vd ehd yiu di chuyin tdi tinh cam,
cdm xuc tham ml. Cdn vdn nghi ludn Id sdn pham cda tu duy Idgic, tdc ddng tnrdc
hit din nhgn thiie U tri cua ngirdi dgc. Siic mgnh cua vdn nghi ludn Id d ldp ludn
chit che, U le sic ben, ludn cii xdc ddng, diy thuyet phuc.

Tim hiiu cdc tdc pham nghi ludn ndi tren qua dogn trich, cin nim chic ndi
dung tu tudng vd ddc sac nghd thudt eua cdc van ban, cdch ttiin khai ldp ludn vd
ngdn ngu biiu dat cua mdi tdc gid.

Phin vdn hgc nudc ngodi gdm : bdi tha Tdi yiu em (Pu-skin), truyen ngin
Ngudi trong bao (Sd-khdp), dogn trich Ngudi cdm quyin khdi phgc uy quyin (trich
tiiu thuyit Nhiing ngudi khdn khd-Huy-go), tdc phim nghi ludn Ba cdng hiin vi
dgi cua Cdc Mdc (Ang-ghen); bdi dgc th^m : Bdi thasd28 (Ta-go).

Khi dn tdp cdc tde phim ndy, ngodi ddc trung cda mdt tde phim nudc ngodi
hgc qua ban dich, can nim dugc nhiing kiin thiie ca bdn vi tdc gid, vi ndi dtmg
vd nghe thudt cua tiing tgc pham.

II - PHUDNG PHAP

Hgc sinh cd thi van dung nhiing binh thiic dn tap sau :
- Lap di cuong
- Ldm bdi tap tgi ldp
- Thuyit trinh
- Thdo ludn d ldp (cd thi theo timg nhdm)
- Viit bdo
Cd«thi lap di cuong dn tdp theo hd thdng cdc vin di vd cdu hdi sau:

1. Tha mdi khdc vdi tho trung dgi nhu thi nao ?
2. Nhiing ndi dung ca ban vd ddc diem nghe thugt chu yiu cua cdc bdi tha

Luu biit khi xudt duong cua Phan Bdi Chdu, Hau Trdi cda Tan Dd ? Lam rd tfnh
chit giao thdi (giiia vdn hgc trung dgi vd hidn dgi) vi nghd thudt cua cdc tde pham
ndi ttdri.

3. Qua vide phdntich,so sdnh eae bdi thaLi/ufoieffcftiJCM^fduong cua Phan Bgi Chdu,
Hdu Trdi eua Tan Dd, V0i vdng cua Xudn Dieu, hay ldm rd qud trinh hidn dgi
hod tha ca thdi ki ttr diu tiie ki XX den Cdch mgng thdng Tdm ndm 1945.

4. Ndi dung tu tudng vd ddc sic nghe thudt eua cdc bdi tha V0i vdng cua Xudn
Dieu, Trdnggiang cua Huy Can, Ddy thdn ViDg cda Han Mae Tu, Tuang tu cua
Nguyin Binh, Chiiu xudn cua Anh Tha ?

5. Tu tudng vd ddc sac nghe thugt cua cdc bdi tha Chiiu tdi, Lai Tdn cua Ho Chf Mmh;
Tic dy, Nhd ddng eua Td Hiiu ?

6. Cdi dep, cdi hay, sue hip dan cda bdi tha Tdi yiu em (Pu-skin) ?
7. Phdn tieh hinh tugng nhdn vgt Be-U-cdp trong truydn ngin Ngudi trong bao

(Se-khdp).

8. Phdn tich hinh tugng nhdn vdt Gidng Van-gidng ttong dogn trich Ngudi cdm
quyin khdi phuc uy quyin (Huy-gd).

*Luu y: Nhiing tdc phim khic, anh (chi) dya vdo Hudng ddn hgc bdi va Hudng
ddn dgc thim di dn tgp.

116

TOM TAT V A N BAN NGHl LUAN

K ^ QUA CAN OAT-
• Hieu dugc mye dich, yeu elu cua vide tdm t i t

van ban nghj ludn.
• Biit cdch tdm t i t van ban nghj ludn.

^••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••IHMBHiHHHHHHHiBHaHIIHiHHHaHMI

I - MUC DiCH, Yiu cAu CUA VlIC TdlH TAT VAN BAN NGHj LUAN
1. Muc dfch
Tdm tit vdn ban nghi ludn la trinh bdy Igi mdt cdch ngin ggn ngi dung cua vdn

ban nghi ludn gdc theo mdt muc dich dd dinh trudc. Viec lua chgn thdng tin dtra
vdo vdn bdn tdm tit bao gid cflng phu thudc vdo muc dich cua cdng vide tdm tit.
Trudc tidn, viec tdm tit giup ngudi dgc hieu dugc ban chat eua vdn bdn. Vdn biri
tdm tit cdn Id ngudn tdi lidu tien dung trong nhiiu trudng hgp khdc nhau. Ngodi
ra, thdng qua vide tdm tit, ngudi dgc nim chic cdc thao tde dgc vdn ban, cd dip
r6n luy§n tu duy vd cdch diin dgt.

2. Yeu cau
Cd the ndi, nhdn td hang dau chi phdi todn bd vide tdm tit vdn bdn Id muc dieh
giao tiip. Tuy nhien, vdn ban tdm tit vdn phdi phdn dnh trung thgc vdn bin gdc.
De dgt dugc ydu eau ndy, khi tdm tit* cin chu y cae diim sau:
- Vdn bdn tdm tit phdi phdn dnh trung thdnh cdc tu tudng, ludn diem cua vdn
bin gdc, khdng dugc xuydn tgc bode tu y them nhiing diim khdng cd trong vdn
bdn gdc.
- Diin dgt ngin ggn, sue tfch, logi bd nhiing thdng tin khdng phu hgp vdi muc
dich tdm tit.

II - CACH T 6 M TAT VAN BAN NGHj LUAN

Dgc vdn bdn Vi ludn li xd h0i d nudc ta eua Phan Chdu Trinh {Ngu vdn 11, tap
hai) vd trd ldi cdc cdu hdi sau :
1. Vin di dugc dem ra bdn bgc (nghi lugn) la gi ? Dua vdo dau md anh (chi) biit

dugc diiu dd ?

117

2. MIIC dich viet vdn ban ndy eua nhd ehi si Phan Chdu Trinh Id gi ? Phan ndo trong
van ban the hien rd nhdt diiu ndy ?

3. Di din ngudi dgc din muc dfch iy, tdc gia dd trinh bdy nhiing ludn diim ndo ?
Hdy tim cdc cdu the hien rd nhd't nhung ludn diim ay.

4. Hdy tim cdc ludn cii Idm sdng td cho tung ludn diim ttong bai viet eua tdc gid.
5. Trinh bdy cdc ludn diim, ludn eii bdng Idi van cda minh.
6. Ddi chieu vdi vdn ban gdc va muc dfch, ydu cau tdm tit di kiim tta, hodn ehinh

bdn tdm tit.

GHI NHO-
• Tdm tdt van ban nghi ludn la trinh bay ngan ggn ndi dung eua vdn bdn gdc

theo mdt muc dich djnh trudc.
• De tdm tat dugc tdt, c i n :
- Dgc kT vdn ban gdc. Dua vao nhan d i , phin md d i u vd kit thue d i lua chgn

nhCrng y, nhirng chi tiet phu hgp vdi muc dfch tdm tit. Dgc tCmgdoan trong
phin triin khai d i nam dugc cac luan diem va luan cu lam sdrig td
cho chung.
- Tim each diin dat lai cdc ludn d i i m , ludn cu mdt each mach lac.
• Van ban tdm tat ein phan anh trung thue ndi dung van ban gdc.

LUYEN TAP

1. Can cu vdo nhan di vd phin md diu dd cho dudi day, hay xdc dinh chd de
nghi ludn eua vdn ban :

a) Cd li trin thi gidi hiim cd m0t ddt nudc ndo vua that da dgng md cdng vita
that thdng nhdt nhuln-dd-ni-xi-a. Su da dgng vd thdng rihdtdy dugc thi hiin tren
nhiiu yiu td: tit dia hinh, khi hdu tdi thdnh phdn ddn t0c, tic ddi sdng con ngudi
tdi lich su vdn hod.

{Theo Ngd Van Doanh, Tdm li hudng tdi sg thdng nhdt
trong da d4}ng cua ngudi In-dd-ni-xi-a)

b) Bin cgnh m0tXudn Diiu - nhd tho, m0tXudn Diiu - vdn xu0i, cdn cdm0t
Xudn Diiu - nghiin ciiu, phi binh vdn hgc. Cd vi mat ndy, thdnh tuu ong'dgt dugc
cung khdng kem phdn bi thi, thdm chi phong phd vd cd chdt hon sunghiip cua
nhiiu cdy but nghiin cdu, phi binh chuyin nghiip.

(Nguydn Dang Manh, Kinh nghiim viit m^t bdi vdn, NXB Giao due, 2006)

118

2. Dgc vdn ban sau vd thgc hidn cdc yeu ciu neu d dudi.
XIN DUNG LANG PHI NUOC

Trong ddi sdng chung ta, thii tdi sin thudng bi buy hoai, lang phi nhieu nhat
Id nude. Trong y thiic nhiiu ngudi, nudc Id thii trdi sinh, ed thi su dung "vd tu",
"xa ldng", khdng can gifl gin gi hit! Nhung do Id nhim Ian ldn eua mdt tim mat
hgn hep.

Cdc nhd khoa hgc da cho biit nude nggt tren trdi dd't nay Id cd hgn. Tdng sd
nude nggt trdn trdi dat udc tfnh ehi cd chua din mdt ti ki-Id-met khdi. Sd nude
do dugc coi Id du cho ndm 1990 khi nhdn logi ed ba ti ngudi. Du kiin din ndm
2025 nhdn logi se thdm ba ti ngudi nua, thdnh sdu ti ngudi thi ngudn nude lay
ddu cho du ?

Tren the gidi khdng phai nude ndo cflng may min dugc trdi cho du nudc nggt
de dung. Nude Xinh-ga-po hodn todn khdng cd nude nggt, phai mua nudc cua
Ma-lai-xi-a vi ehi biin. Mdt sd nudc d Can Ddng cflng xdy ra tranh chap vi ngudn
nude. Trong khi dd, cdng nghiep cdng phdt trien thi lugng nudc dung trong cdng
nghiep cdng nhiiu, nude thai cdng nghiep cdng Idm cho sdng ngdi, ao hd bi d
nhiim, Idm giam lugng nude dn, chdn nudi vd trdng trgt.

Lien hop qudc da ra Idi keu ggi bao ve ngudn nude nggt, chdng d nhiim,...
Chung ta hdy tiit kidm nudc, giu gin nudc cho chung ta vd cho mai sau.

{Theo Thanh Ba, bao Nhdn ddn Chii nhdt)

Y§u eau:
a) Xdc dinh van di yd muc dfch nghi ludn.
b) Tim cdc lugn diim trong vdn ban.
c) Tdm tat van ban bang ba cdu.

119

6 N TAP PHAN T I I N G VliT

K^TQUACANOAT-
• Cling cd, he thdng hod nhirng kiin thiie ve

tieng Viet da hgc tu d i u nam hgc.
• Cd kl nang thue hanh tiing Viet d nhung

van de dugc de cap d i n trong chuang trinh
Ngu van Idp 11.

1. Vi sao ndi ngdn ngu Id tdi san chung cua xd hdi cdn ldi ndi la san pham eua
cdnhdn?

2. Phdn tich mdi quan hd hai chiiu gifla ngdn ngfl chung vd ldi ndi cd nhdn the
hien qua viec su dung ngdn ngu di sdng tgo nen hinh tugng bd Tu ttong bdi
tha Thuong vg eua Tu Xuong.

3. Ddnh diu vdo ldi giai thich diing khdi niem ngu cdnh.

I I Ngu canh Id nhiing cdu vdn di trudc vd nhiing cau vdn di sau mdt cdu vdn
ndo dd.

I I Ngu canh Id bdi cdnh ngdn ngu Idm ca sd cho vide su dung tii ngu vd tgo lap
ldi ndi, ddng thdi ldm cdn eii de Unh hdi dugc ndi dung y nghia cua ldi ndi.

I I Ngu cdnh Id hodn canh khdch quan dugc ndi din trong cdu.

I I Ngu cdnh Id hodn canh ngdn ngu vdo mdt thdi ki nhd't dinh.

4. Bdi Vdn ti nghia si Cdn Giu0c dugc sdng tde ttong bdi cdnh nhu the ndo ? Phdn
tfch mdt sd ehi tiit cho thay su ehi phdi eua ngu cdnh ddi vdi ndi dung vd hinh
thirc cua cdu vdn trong bdi van ti.

5. Ghi nhiing ndi dung ein thiet (khdi niem, biiu hien thudng gap,...) vi hai thdnh
phin nghia cua cdu vao bang theo mdu sau :

Nghia su viec Nghia tinh thdi

120

6. Phdntt'chhai thdnh phin nghia cua cdu thii hai trong Idi ndi eua nhdn vat bac
Sidu d dogn trich sau:
Bdc Siiu ddp vdn va:
- Hdm nay trong dng gido cung cd td tdm. Di hg khdng phdi di ggi ddu.

(Thach Lam, Hai dda tre)

7. Tim VI dii di minh hog cho nhiing ddc diim logi hinh cua tiing Viet vd ghi vdo
bang theo mdu sau :

Ddc diim logi hinh eua tiing Viet Vfdu minh boa

1.

. i\

2.

3.

8. Lap bdng ddi chieu nhiing dgc trung ea ban eua phong cdch ngdn ngu bdo chf
vd phong cdch ngdn ngfl chfnh ludn theo mdu sau:

Phong cdch ngdn ngu bdo chf Phong each ngdn ngfl chfnh ludn

1.
2.
3.

9.NeOVAN 11/2-A 121

LUYEN TAP TOM TAT V A N B A N N G H I LUAN

KET QUA CAN OAT -

• Ndm vung han each tdm tat vdn ban.
• Tdm tat dugc van ban nghj ludn cd dd ddi

khoang 1000 chu.

1. Dgc vdn ban sau :

MAY NET VE THO MOI TRONG CACH NHIN LAI HOM NAY

[...] Tha mdi khdng ndi den diu ttanh cdch mgng, dd Id nhugc diim Idn, vd
tha mdi ndi chung budn. Dd Id ndi budn cua cd mdt thi he ngudi trong xd hdi
thue dan, nua phong kiin; nd thdnh ra ndi budn vi sd kiip eon ngudi, cdi budn
tudng nhu Id ban chat cua cudc ddi. Cflng cd nhiing bai tha vui, nhiing van tha
vui, ed ea vdi nhd tha md tdm hdn thien vi cam xuc vui, nhung bao trum tha mdi
ed thi ndi Id ndi budn day diit, ndi budn eua the he. Nhtmg cdi budn eua tha
mdi ddu cd phdi diu Id uy mi. Ndi budn eua "eon hd nhd riing'' Id chan chua
hodi niem vi giang san, dat nudc chii ! Ndi budn trong bdi Trdng giang khdng
phai Id Idng yeu que huong dd sao ? [...] Nhugc diim cua tha mdi Id thieu khi
phdch cdch mgng, nhtmg tha mdi Id phong trdo vdn hgc phong phu, mdt phong
trao sang tgo ddi dao, cd nhiiu yeu td tfch cue : ldng yeu que huong dd't nude
dam dd ; Idng yeu su sdng, yeu eon ngudi ; ben cgnh cdi budn lai cd chu nghia
Igc quan nhu Id mgeh nudc ngam trong mdt; Idng trdn ttgng yeu min cha dng,
yeu min qud khu dep cua dat nudc, gidng ndi. Lgi cd nhiing nhd tha ed cam
quan vfl tru sdu sic md van ngng Idng ddi. Vd tat cd cdc nhd tha mdi diu chung
mdt tinh yeu : yeu tiing Viet, yeu tha thiit, da diit. Chinh long yeu tieng Viet dd
Id mdt biiu hien eua ldng yeu nude.

Phong ttdo Tha mdi da ddng gdp nhiiu vi nghe thudt tha, da ddi mdi su biiu
hidn cam xuc mgnh, nghia Id cam xuc sdu tham vi cugc ddi, vi con ngudi, vi dat
nudc, vi thien nhien, vi vgn vdt. Tha mdi dd ttau ddi tiing Viet, ldm cho ngdn ngu
thaVidt Nam uyin chuyin vd hien dgi, bieu hien dugc tit cd cdc mdu sdc tdm hdn
cua ngudi Viet Nam d thi ki nay. Niu khdng cd phong trdo Tha mdi thi cflng
khdng cd ngdn ngu tha mdi vtra sue tich, sic ben, vira uyin chuyin mugt ma,
chiia dimg nhiiu ndng lugng trft tinh cho nhiing nhd tha cdc thi he ra ddi sau
Cdch mgng thdng Tdm de biiu hien tu tudng va tinh cam eua minh.

122 9.NGQ VAN 11/2-B

Vdi nhiing tm diim vd nhugc diim cua nd, tiia mdi xiing ddng dugc mdnh
danh Id "mgt thdi dgi trong till ca" nhu Hodi Thanh dd ndi, mdt thdi dgi phong
phu, ddi ddo sue sdng tgo cua hdn tha dan tdc.

{Theo Huy Can, Nhin nhdn lai mdt sd hiin tugng vdn hgc,
bao Ngudi gido vien nhdn ddn, 1989)

Mdt bgn du dinh tdm tat vdn ban tten vdi mgt sd ndi dung sau :
- Cdi budn cua tha mdi khdng uy mi md chiia nhiiu yiu td tieh cue.
- Tha mdi Id phong ttdo vdn hgc phong phu, mdt phong trdo sdng tgo ddi ddo,
cd nhiiu yiu td tich eye.
- Phong trdo Tha mdi cd nhiiu ddng gdp vi nghe thudt tho.
- Tha mdi xiing ddng dugc mdnh danh Id "mdt thdi dgi trong thi ea'' nhu Hoai
Thanh dd ndi.
Theo anh (chi), nhiing ndi dung tren dd bao qudt dung vd du ndi dung eua van
bdn gdc chua ? Nen bd y ndo, bd sung y ngo ?
2. Dgc Igi bdi Mdt thdi dgi trong thi eg cua Hodi Thanh {Ngu vdn 11, tap hai) vd
thuc hien cdc yeu ciu sau :
- Xdc dinh chu di vd muc dich eua van bdn.
- Tim bd eiic eua vdn ban.
- Tdm tat y tiing phin vd viet thdnh vdn bdn tdm tit.

123

ON TAP PHAN LAM VAN

KfrQUACANOAT-

• Nam dugc ndi dung chu yeu cua chuang trinh
Lam van Idp 11.

• Biet each ldp ludn va van dung cdc thao tac lgp
luan : phdn tich, so sdnh, bdc bd, binh ludn
trong bdi nghj ludn.

• Biet each tdm t i t mgt vdn ban nghj ludn, viit
tieu su tdm tat va ban tin.

I - NHONG NOI DUNG KIEN THUnC CAN dN TAP

1. Thdng ke, phdn logi vd hd thdng hod eae bai bgc phan Ldm vdn trong SGK
Ngd vdn 11.

2. Trinh bdy quan niem, yeu ciu vd cdch thiie tien hanh eae thao tde lap ludn :
phdn tfch, so sdnh, bdc bd vd binh ludn.

3. Yeu ciu vd each thiie tdm tit vdn bdn nghi ludn.
4. Yeu ciu vd cdch,thiic viit tiiu su tdm tit vd ban tin.

II - LUYEN TAP

1. Trong vdn ban Ve ludn li xd h0i d nudc ta, Phan Chau Trinh van diing ehu
yeu cdc thao tdc lap ludn ndo ? Hay phdn tich vd ddnh gid hieu qua euaj/iec van
dung cdc thao tde lap ludn ay.

2. Khi phan tieh ndi dung cau each ngdn "That bgi Id me thdnh cdng", anh (chi)
bit diu phdn tich tii ddu, dua tten nhiing ca sd ndo vd su dtmg nhiing vi du cd that
ndo de Idm sdng td ?

3. Phdn tich tdc dung eua viec van dung thao tdc lap ludn bdc bd trong dogn
vdn sau vd thu viit mdt dogn vdn bdc bd vdi ehu di tu chgn.

/...] Thu nghi md xem, con ngudi khdng biit sgcdi gi trin ddi ndy cd, liiu cd phdi
Id con ngudi khdng ? Cdi gi cung "vd uy", cung td thdi d0 sdt thep, nghia Id khdng
biit mim long trudc bdt cu m0t cdi gi, day Id lodi quysu chd ddu phdi Id ngudi I
"Chu ngudi tu tu" cua Nguyin Tudn dgy cho ngudi ta hiiu rdng, mudn nin ngudi,
phdi biit kinh sg ba diiu ndy: cdi tdi, cdi dep vd cdi thiin tinh tdt cua con ngudi
(thiin luong). Vdy, ke ndo khdng biit sgcdi gi hit, dd la lodi quy su. Logi ngudi ndy,
thuc ra rdt hiim hoi, hay ndi dung han, khdng thicd dugc. Nhung logi ngudi sau
ddy thi chdc khdng it: sg rdt nhiiu thu, nhdt Id quyin thivd ddng tiin, nhung ddi
vdi cdi tdi, cdi dep, cdi thiin luang thi lgi khdng biit sg, thdm chi sdn sdng ldng mg,
gidyxeo. Ddy la hgng ngudi hen hg nhdt, thd binhdt, ddi bgi nhdt.

(Nguyin Dang M^nh, Con dudng di vdo.
thi gidi nghe thudt cda nhd vdn, NXB Giao due, Ha Ndi, 2006)

124

KliM TRA T 6 N G H O P CUOI N A M

KET QUA CAN OAT

• Trdn ca sd nam vdng cac kien thuc va kT ndng
da hgc trong chuang trinh Ngd van Idp 11,
trd Idi chinh xdc cae cau hdi trie nghiem.

• Viit dugc mgt bdi van nghi ludn cd luan diem,
ludn cu xdc thue ; van dung hgp li nhieu thao
tac lap ludn ; gigng dieu chan thanh, nhiet
tinh ; the hien dugc nhCrng y kiin rieng eiia
ban thdn ve mgt hien tugng (van de) gin gQi,
quen thudc trong ddi sdng hoac trong van hgc.

I-HUlorNG D A N CHUNG

Ngodi nhiing ndi dung dd di cap dbdi *iem tra tdng hgp cudi hgc ki /, anh (ehi) ein
chdy:

1. Bdi Kiem tra tdnghgp cudi ndm chinh Id bdi lam phdn dnh khd trung thue, day
dd kit qud hgc tap Ngu vdn cua anh (chi) trong nam hgc Idp 11.

De Idm tdt bdi kiim tta cd y nglda quan trgng nhu the', anh (chi) cin dn luyen
cdc kiin thiic vd kl ndng dd hgc khdng ehi ttong bgc ki II ma trong ed chuong trinh
Ngu vdn ldp 11.

2. So vdi thdi diim cudi bgc ki 1, anh (ehi) da trudng thdnh nhiiu cd vi vdn
sdng, vdn kinh nghidm vd khd ndng suy nghl. Vi the, anh (chi) ein tiep tuc quan
sdt, tim hiiu, suy nghi sdu rdng hon ve ddi sdng di cd them nhdng y kien rieng cua
ban thdn vi cdc hien tugng (vin de) xd bdi, ddc biet Id nhdng vin di cd y nghia
quan ttgng vd dang tdn tgi nhiiu y kiin khdc nhau. Ddy cflng Id mdt trong nhiing
muc dfch quan ttgng cua viec hgc tap d nhd trudng.

3. Bdi Kiim tra tdng hgp cudi ndm cd ca ciu di bdi gidng vdi bdi Kiim tra tdng hgp
cudi hgc ki /, nghia Id cflng gdm 12 cdu hdi ttie nghiem vd mgt bdi Idm van. Vi thi,
trudc khi ldm bdi, anh (chi) cin xem Igi bdi Kiim tra tdng hgp cudi hgc kilde cd the
rut ra nhiing kinh nghidm cin thiit cho bdi lam ndy dgt kit qua td't hon.

II-GOIYD£BAI

Phan ttic nghiem (3 diim)

1. Sip xip cdc bdi tha sau theo trinh ttr thdi gian sang tdc :
A - Luu biit khi xudt duang
B-Tddy
C - Chiiu tdi
D - Nhd rimg

125

2. Trong cdc tdc pham dudi ddy, bdi tha ndo thi hien mdi siu nhdn t h i cda mdt
Unh hdn nhd trudc vfl tru bao la ?
A-Hdu Trdi
B - Trdng giang
C-Nhd ddng
D - Luu biit khi xudt duang

3. Trong cdc bdi tha sau, cd mgt bdi tha thit ngdn viit vi budi chiiu, nhung trong
eae ddng tha khdng he ed mdt chu chiiu. Dd Id bdi tha ndo ?
A - Chiiu xudn
B-Nhd ddng
C - Lai Tdn
D - Chiiu tdi

4. Hai cdu tho:
Ldi yiu mdng mdnh nhu mdu khdi
Ai biit ldng anhcd ddi thay ?

(Xuan Quynh, Hoa cd may)

phdng phit tinh than vd cdu ehfl trong hai eau kit eua bdi tha ndo ?

A - V0ivdng
B - Day thdn Vi Dg
C - Trdng giang
D - Tuongtu

5. Vao nhiing ndm d i u cua the kiXX, ai Id ngudi phe phdn "bgnrhgc trd trong nudc
ham quyin thi, ham bd vinh hoa [...] md chdng biit cd ddn"!
A - Phan Chdu Trinh
B - Phan Bdi Chdu
C - Nguyin An Ninh
D-TdnDd

6. Tit dy trong tdi bung ndng hg
Mat trdi chdn li chdi qua tim
Hdn tdi Id m0t vudn hoa Id
Rdt dam huong vd r0n tiing chirri...

(ToHuu, Tiiray)

Khd tha tren the hien chinh xdc tdm trgng ndo cua nhd tha ?
A - Niim ban hoan, phan khdi chdo ddn mua ha
B - Niem hgnh phuc cua mdt tdm hdn hod hgp vdi thien nhidn
C - Niim vui sudng, say me khi b i t gap 11 tirdng cdng san
D - Niem vui sudng khi lin diu din vdi thi ca

126

7. Van hgc hien dgi Viet Nam diu the ki XX din Cdch mgng thdng Tdm ndm 1945
ed ndi dung (tinh chit) ndo md vdn hgc trung dai chua cd ?
A - Tinh thin yeu nirdc
B - Tfnh nhdn dgo
C - Tfnh hien thuc
D - Su thiie tinh, trdi day mgnh me eua cdi tdi ed nhdn

8. Mdt bgn mudn xep that chinh xdc cae tdc pham : (1) M0t thdi dgi trong thi ca;
(2) Hai dua tre ; (3) Tdi yiu em ; (4) Rd-mi-d vd Giu-li-et vdo cdc thi logi :
truyin, tha, kich, nghi ludn.

Hdy chgn cdch sip xep dung:
A - Truyen-1, tha-2, kieh-3, nghi ludn-4
B - Truyen-2, tha-3, kich-4, nghi luan-1
C - Truyen-3, tha-4, kieh-1, nghi ludn-2
D - Truydn-4, tha-1, kich-2, nghi ludn-3

9. Chgn cdu tta Idi chfnh xdc vi cdc thdnh phin nghia eua cau.
A - Nghia su viec vd nghia hdm in
B - Nghia su viec vd nghia tinh thdi
C - Nghia tinh thdi va nghia hdm an
D - Nghia tudng minh vd nghia su vide

10. Ddng ndo dudi day neu diy dd vd chinh xdc cdc yeu td eua ngu cdnh ?
A - Nhdn vdt giao tiip, bdi cdnh rdng vd hep, hien thue dugc de cap tdi
B - Nhdn vdt giao tiep, bdi cdnh rdng vd hep, vdn canh
C - Nhdn vat giao tiip, bdi cdnh rdng vd hep, hidn thuc dugc di cap tdi va vdn canh
D - Nhdn vat giao tiip, hidn thuc dugc de cap tdi vd vdn cdnh

11. Chgn cdu ttd ldi diy du vd chfnh xdc vi rjpi dung cua nghia tinh thdi ttong cdu.

A - Thdi do, su ddnh gid cua ngtrdi ndi dugc bdc Ig rieng qua cdc ttr ngu tinh
thdi ttong cdu

B - Thdi do, su ddnh gid cua ngirdi ndi ddi vdi su viec dugc di cap den
ttong cdu

C - Thdi do, su. ddnh gid cda ngtrdi ndi ddi vdi su viec dugc de cap din ttong
cdu bode ddi vdi ngudi nghe

D - Thdi do, su ddnh gid cda ngirdi ndi ddi vdi ngudi nghe

127

12. Ddng ndo dudi ddy neu day dd vd chfnh xdc cdc ddc diem vi ngdn ngu cua
phong cdch ngdn ngu chfnh ludn ?
A - Nhieu tii ngu chfnh tri; cdu vdn chuin myx:, gin vdi phin dodn vd suy ludn
logic ; su dung cdc bien phdp tu tu di giup cho U le, lap lu|Ln them hap din.
B - Nhieu tir ngu ehinh tri; ngu dieu Unh hogt; su dung cdc bien phdp tu ttr di
giup cho li le, lap luan them hap din.
C - Cdu van chuan muc, gin vdi phdn dodn vd suy ludn Idgic; sd dung cdc bien
phdp tu tu de giup cho If le, lap ludn them hip dan; ngu didu Unh hogt.
D - Nhiiu tii ngu chfnh tri ; su dung cdc bien phdp tu tii di giup cho If le,
lap ludn thdm hap din.

Phan tu ludn (7 diem) (Chgn mdt trong hai di):
1. Neu nhiing suy nghl vd cdm xucridngcua anh (ehi) vi mdt bdi tha (hoac mdt

truydn ngan) da hgc.
2. Trinh bdy quan niem cua anh (chi) vi viec chgn nghi trong tuong lai.

(Chgn nghi phu hgp vdi ndng luc thue te eua minh ; chgn nghi dang dugc tra
chudng trong xd hdi hay nhit quyet theo dudi nghi ma minh yeu thich nhat ?)

Ill - GUI t CACH LAM BAI
Ngodi nhiing ndi dung dd neu d muc Ggi y cdch ldm bdi trong bdi Kiim tra tdng

hgp cudi hgc ki I, anh (chi) can ehu y them nhiing diim sau :

1. Di bdi trie nghiem trong bdi Kiim tra tdng hgp cudi ndm dugc ra ehu yiu
tren ea sd ndi dung chuong trinh hgc ki II, mdn Ngu vdn Idp 11. Tuy nhidn, vi
ddy Id bdi kiim tra cudi ndm hgc nen van bao gdm kiin thuc cua chuong trinh
hgc ki 1. Vi the', de trd Idi tdt cdc cdu hdi trie nghiem, anh (chi) cin dn lgi cdc
kiin thiic vd kl ndng da hgc trong todn bd ndm hgc Idp 11 di bdo dam sir tiip
ndi vd tinh he thdng eua chuong trinh.

2. Anh (chi) viet bdi Kiim tra tdn^hgp cudi ndm sau khi dd hgc cdc thao tdc
lap ludn phdn tieh, so sdnh, bdc bd, binh ludn. Vi the, anh (ehi) ein ehu y van
dung kit hgp nhiiu thao tde lap ludn de bdi Idm phong phu, chat che, cd siic
thuyit phuc hon.

TRA BAI KIEM TRA T 6 N G HOP CU6I NAM

Tham khao tiet Trd bdi ldm vdn sd 1 va Trd bdi kiim tra tdng hgp cudi hgc ki I
trong Ngu vdn ii, tap mdt.

128

BANG TRA CUU T U H A N VIET

1. Tu ttong bdng tta ciiu chu yiu Id nhung tir Han Viet xuat hien trong SGK
Ngu vdn 11 va mdt sd tdi lieu tham khdo khdc. Khudn khd eua bang tra eun ed
hgn nen ehi lua chgn mdt sd tir thudng xuit hien trong cdc vdn ban cd de tgo
diiu kien cho viec Unh hdi van bdn vd su dung khi ein thiet.

2. Nhin chung, mdi ttt se dugc trinh bdy theo quy cdch dudi ddy:
- Ttr cin giai thfeh.
- Nghia eua tii cin gidi thich. Niu tii cd nhiiu nghia se ghi rd 1, 2,...
- Nghia cua tung yiu td ttong ttr (niu cin).
- Md rdng vdn ttr (theo cdc yiu td). Nghia eua nhirng tir khd hiiu ddt ttong dau
ngode don.
- Hi?n tugng ddng dm (dugc ddnh dau bing d i u * ; n i u cd nhiiu ttr ddng am
thi se ghi rd 1,2,... sau dau *).

am bong ram, bdng mat dudi vdm cay tan Id (nghia gdc); tuoc vi cua cha dng
de lai, con chdu dugc ke thira (nghia chuyen): dm sinh (con trai quan lai cao

cap thdi phong kien dugc dac cdch cho vao hoc tai Qudc Td Giam hoac bd

nhi$m mpt chuc vi nhat dinh), tap dm (dugc huong nhimg quyen lgi nhu da

ndi d tten).

an dien on hue Idri (chuc tudc, quyen lgi dac bidt,...) do nha vua ban cho quan than,
dugc tuyen cao va tiep nhan qua nhiing nghi thirc long trong.
aw = an, on hue : dn nhdn, dn tinh, dn tu (vua ban on, ban thudng).

dn tu vinh quy: ngdy xua, thi dd tien si, dugc vua ban ao mQ, cd, bien, cho
ve tham que, dugc dan dia phuong ddn rude rat long ttong.

diin = quy tac ; thi che, li nghi.

an sung on hud va su quy ttong, men yeu cua nha vua doi vdi be toi.
sung=ydu men: sungdi, sung thdn (be tdi dugc vua chua tin yeu), thdt sung

(khdng dugc be trdn ydu men, tin ddng nhu trudc niia).

autri ttfi tha, cdn non ndt, thieu hieu biet, kinh nghiem: du tri vien (vudrt tte).

bien thien 1. thay ddi ldn lao; 2. thay doi gid tri (toan hoc).

bien = thay ddi, ddi khac: biin hod, biin dgng (thay doi hinh dang vdn c6),
bien chdt (thay doi tinh chat, pham chat vdn co ; mat pham chit dao due,
mat tu each), biin the, biin dp, bien sdc (thay doi mau sac, phai mau ; sic
mat thay ddi do ngac nhidn, lo sg, cdu gian,...).

thien = di chuyin, chuyen ddi: thien di (di chuyen di noi khac), thien do

(ddi kinh d6 din mot noi chdn khac).

thien ^ = 1000: thiin bien vgn hod (bien hod, thay doi vo cung vo tan, khong
sao biet trudc, biet het dugc), thien cd (nghin xua ; qua khu xa xoi), thiin
niin ki (1000 nam).

thien ^ = lech, khong cdn bang : thien vi (ddi xu khdng cong bdng), thien

kien (y kien, nhdn xdt thien lech, khdng khach quan, phien dien,...).

129

thien*^ = dng Trdi (theo tin ngudng dan gian); tu nhien: thien nhiin, thiin
tgo (nhu do Trdi lam ra), thien dudng (noi sung sudng, hanh phiic tuyet
dinh, theo tin ngudng dan gian), thien cdu (vdm trdi), thiin hg (mpi mien
dat dai dudi vdm trdi; ngudi ddi, ngudi ttong xa hpi,...), thien tu (phim chat
vdn CO tir khi sinh ra, nhu dugc Trdi ban cho).

binh sinh | trong cuoc ddi, sud't ca cuoc doi; ttong cuoc sdng hang ngay; thudng ngdy.

can khdn ten hai que trong 64 que cua Kinh Dich: Trdi, Dat.
cdn = tugng tnmg trdi, vua, cha, chong, nam,...
khdn - tugng trung dat, be toi, me, vg, nu,...

cao khiet cao thugng, trong sach.

cao = cao ; vugt muc binh thudng : cao dgo (thanh cao, khdng mang danh
lgi), cao hdng (cd hiing thu, xuc cam manh me vugt miic binh thudng), cao
sdn (san lugng vugt muc binh thudng), cao kien (y kien xdc ddng, sang sudt
khac thudng), cao vong (udc vpng cao xa), cao dp, cao the, cao tdn.

khiet = sach se, trong sach : thudn khiet (hoan toan ttong sach, khdng pha
tap), tinh khiit. Hem khiet (ttong sach, khdng tham nhiing).

che khoa khoa thi dac biet, ngoai cac khoa thi md theo dinh ki hoac theo Id thirdng
(trong xa hpi phong kien ngay trudc).

CO lieu hoang vang, quanh que, le loi.
du ba
c6 = don chiic, le loi: cd dan, cd doc, co ldp (tro trpi mpt minh), cd nhi (tre
md coi), CO thdn (thdn xom le loi, heo lanh).

lieu = vang ve, trdng trai, quanh hiu.

lieu' = quan : dong lieu (cung lam quan vdi nhau) ; liiu thuoc (chiic quan
nhd dudi quyen vi quan to).

ggn sdng con lan tod sau dgt sdng ldn (nghia gdc); tdc dung, anh hudng cdn
roi rdt lai cua mdt su Iden quan trpng (nghia chuyiri).

du = cdfi thira, cdn roi rdt lai: du dm, du vi, du huang, du dgt (thira thai),
nghiep du (nhiing hoat ddng ngoai cdng viec chinh, boat dpng khdng
chuyen mon), tdn du.

du" = san xe chd ngudi, dd vat... (nghia gdc); mat dit (dugc vi nhu san chiec
xe cue ldn, chd dugc muon ngudi, muon vat...); cUc )d ddng due, nhieu vd
ke (nghia chuyin) : du dia (dat nudc), rfi; dd (ban dd dat nudc), dia du, du
lugn (y kien luan ban cua cdng chiing dong dao).

dan tri bac them mau do trudc cung dien, cung vua.

dan = 1. mau do ; do nhu son: dan tdm (tam long son), dan thanh (mau dd
va mau xanh ; tranh ve ; hpi hoa "Net dan thanh bac chi chdng Vuong" -
Cungodn ngdm khue); 2. vien thudc (Dongy): linh dan (vien thudc cd cdng
hieu dac biet), tien dan (thudc tien), cao dan hodn tdn (cdc dang thudc hot,
thudc vien, thudc nau co dac,... cua Dong y).

fri = san thim.

d i khuyet cung vua, hoang thanh.

de = vua: de vuong, de che {the che chinh tri co vua diing dau), dekinh (kinh
do), devi (ngdi vua).
khuyit = cdng, cda ngd cua hoang thanh.

130

dich khdi long cam gian quan thu.
khdi = cam xuc manh me : cdm khdi, khdng khdi (chf khi cung coi,
kien cudng; rdng rai, vo tu, khong vu Ipi).
khdi' = torn gpn nhiing diem chung cdt yeu nhat : khdi qudt, khdi ludn,
khdi niim, dgi khdi, khdi luoc.

dieu linh tinh canh long dong khd cue.
diiu = hdo tan, heo ua: diiu tdn.
dieu^ = cham trd : dieu khdc, phii dieu.
dieu'^ = gian trd, khong that tha, khong trung thuc : dieu ngoa, diiu bgc,
dieu xao, dieu trd.

dieu xdt thuong, tham hoi, an ui: diiu ddn phgt tdi (thuang xot dan lanh, danh
dep ke co toi), ai diiu (buon rau thuang tiec ngudi qua ddi), diiu tang (tham
vieng chia buon voi gia dinh, than nhan ngudi qua ddi), diiu phung (tham
viing, bay td long thuang tiec ngirdi qua ddi), dieu vdn (bai van tudng niem
ngudi qua ddi dugc viet de dpc ttong 1§ truy dieu, tudng niem).

dinh ninh 1. tin chac ("Cii dinh ninh la nd da lam xong rdi")

2. khdng thay doi; mpt long mpt da, trudc sau nhu mpt ("Da mdn nhung da
ching mdn, Nhiing loi hen udc vdn cdn dinh ninh" -Ca dao).

3. nhie di nhac lai ("Dinh ninh hai mat mpt ldi song song" - Truyen Kieu).

ddc ddng chuc quan hang dau d dinh trin bidn gidi thdi Le, xd cac vu kien cao, tri an,
binh luong,...

hao li nhiing nguoi co vai ve, cd qUyen the ttong lang, xa dudi thdi phong kien.

hu truyin loan truyen nhiing dieu khong co thuc.

' hu- trdng rdng; khdng co thuc, gia ddi: hu truong thanh the {tieng tam the
luc vdn khong co gi dang ke nhung tim mpi each tu de cao, tu quang cao,
bay dat gia ddi de lira bip), hu danh (danh tieng hao ; khong cd thuc chat,
thirc luc), hu vdn (van chuang phu phiem, khong co gia tti thiet thuc), hu vd
(trdng rdng, khong cd thuc, khdng tdn tai...), hu khdng (trdng khdng, khdng
cd ^ ca), hudo (khdng co thuc).

khdi su bat dau tien hanh cdng viec.

kh&i - dung len (nghia gdc) ; day len ; bat dau, md dau : khdi nghia, khdi
binh, khdi cdng, khdi hdnh, khdi hdn (gay mdi ban thii), khdi xudng (neu len
trudc hit, ndu len dau tien de keu gpi, dpng vien nhirng nguoi khac lam
theo), khdi diim (diem xuat phat, diem md dau), khdi thdo (soan thao lan
dau, chua that hoan chinh, cdn tiip tuc bd sung, sua chua,...), khdi sdc (tuoi
tan, tdt dep hon so vdi trudc dd).

ki hdo ngudi gia ca c6 uy tin trong lang xa ; nhiing ngudi co quydn, co the, co dia

vi trong lang xa thdi phong kien.

ki = gia ca : ki lao (ngudi gia ca), kl muc (ngudi c6 chiic tudc, vai ve ttong
lang xa thud xua), ki cuu (gia dan, lau nam trong nganh, ttong nghe, cd
nhidu kinh nghidm).

131

fci'i = khac la, la lung: ki tdi (tai nang dac biet khac thudng), ki cong, ki tich
(thanh tich dac biet), kl quan (canh tupng la ki; cong trinh kiin tnie,... dac
biet, thu hut su chii y chiem ngudng).

fci'^ = thdi han; trdng dpi, mong dpi: kl hgn, ki vong (hi vpng, trdng mong).

ki*^ = cd: quoc ki, ki ddi.

ki** = cd (mpt trd choi) : ki thu (ngudi gidi choi cd), kl phimg dich thd :
nhiing tay cao cd gap nhau (nghia gdc) ; ngang sue ngang tai (nghia
chuyin).

phong dang dugc mua.

phong = doi dao ; nhieu, ldn, day dan : phong phu.

ddng= thanh thuc; hoan thanh.

{phong ddng dugc hieu voi nghia : ket thuc, hoan thanh mpt vu lam mong

CO thu hoach doi dao.) ,

phong'^ = gid : 1. phongba (sdng gid), phong vdn (gid may; van may, cohpi
tdt dep), phong suong (gio suong), phong nguyit (gid ttang ; caiih dep,
thanh nhan), phong trdn (gio bui ; va't va, gian kho), phong trdo ; 2. canh
vat, dang ve, thai dd, dac diem bieu hien ra ben ngoai: phong cdnh, phong
cdch, phong do, phong thdi, tdc phong, vdn phong, oai phong; 3. le thdi:
phong tuc, thudn phong ml tuc (phong tuc, tap quan tdt dep) ; 4. mpt bp
phan trong Kinh Thi: qudc phong, phong tao {phong; qudc phong ; tao :
Li tao, mpt tdc pham tho ca noi tieng cua Trung Hoa cd dai - chuyin nghia
thanh : ve thanh nha, lich su), phong nhd {phong : qudc phong ; nhd :
mpt bp phan trong Kinh Thi - chuyen nghia thanh : Uch su, nha nhan,
thanh cao).

phong ^ - 1. ddng kin, gdi kin : phong be {ddng kin, ngan chdn), phong tod,
phong bi; 2. ban tang - vua ban cho quan than chiic tudc, dat dai...: phong
tuoc, phong vuong, phong tdng, phong kiin.

phong^ = mui nhpn: giao phong, xung phong, tien phong (luc lugng di dau,
ddn dau: quan tien phong,...).

phdi thai mam mdng moi hinh thanh, cdn non ndt, yeu dt.

phon hoa (noi chdn, cuoc sdng) ddng due, nao nhiet, giau sang, xa hoa.
phdn = nhieu, dong due, doi dao : phdn vinh, phdn thinh.

phu van may ndi (nghia gdc); khong viing ben (nghia chuyen).

phu = 1. npi: phii diiu (hinh cham khac ndi len tren be mat), phu sa (dat cat
min troi noi cudn theo dong nudc) ; 2. khong cd thuc chat; khdng viing
ben : phu, hoa (dep de, sang ttpng be ngoai, thuc chat trdng rdng, khdng
vdng ben), phii phiim (khdng thiit thuc).

phu*^ = 1. biia (theo tin ngudng dan gian): phii phep, phii chu, phii thuy;
2. ghep lai vua khit: phii hgp; 3. dau hidu (de thdng tin, lam tin): phii hiiu.
phu*^ = giup dd: phu ho, phu trg.

quy cu CO nen nep, dung khudn phep.

quy = dung cu de ve vdng ttdn (nhu cai com-pa) (nghia gdc) ; khudn khd ;
theo dung phdp tac, khdng ra ngoai khudn mdu (nghia chuyin) : quy tdc.

132

quy che, quy ludt, quy md, noi quy, chinh quy, trudng quy (quy che thi cu).
cu = dung cu de ve gdc vuong (nhu cai e-ke).

tao khang cam ba (nghia gdc) ; nhiing thu ma ngudi ngheo kho bat dac dl phai an de
khoi doi (nghia chuyen), canh ngheo kho {nghia too khang: tinh nghia vg
chong lay nhau tir thud cdn ngheo kho).

thao luge phep dung binh; tai dung binh, tai cam quan danh giac.

thao = luc thao (sau each thiic to chuc, dieu khien quan dpi de danh thing).

luge - tam luoc (ba tap sdch co ndi ve viec ddng muu ke trong chien tran)
deu la binh phap cua Trung Hoa cd dai.

thao da dong CO (nghia gdc); noi que mua hoang so (nghia chuyen).

than si ngudi cd tai due, co uy tin, dia vi ttong xa hpi.

tiet che 1. vo quan cao cap, tong chi huy luc lugng vu trang trong ca nudc, co tir
) thdi Tran.

2. kim nen, ban che.

tiit = giong tte, giong tnie ; dot tre, dd't tnie (nghia gdc) - chuyen nghia
thanh : 1. deu dan ; co muc dp ; co gidi han nhat dinh : tiet do (cd chiing
' mgc, dieu dp), tiet gidm (giam bdt), tiet kiem, tiet muc, tiet tdu, tiet udc (tiet
kiem, khong xa hoa lang phQ, dieu tiet, thdi tiet, tinh tiet, chi tiet; 2. pham
chat viing vang, cao thugng, tdt dep : tiet hgnh, trinh tiet, tiet thdo, tiet
nghia, danh tiet.

tiet' = ro ri, de 16 : tiet 16, bdi tiet.

che= 1. (nhiing quy dinh, khudn mdu, the le) dugc dat ra, can phai tuan
theo : che do, bien che, binh che, quan chi, phdp che, quy che, the che, thiet
che, phien che; 2. (dua theo nhiing dieu quy dinh, khudn mdu, the le,...) de
rang bupc, ep bupc,... (phai tuan theo) : cudng che, dp che, kiem chi, hgn
che, uc che, qudn che.

che* = lam ra, tao ra: che tgo, che biin, dieu che, sdng che, phuc che (\a.m lai
dixng lai theo kieu dang cii), so che, tinh che, bdo che (pha che, che bien
thudc chua benh).

ttam anh cai kim gai toe va dai mu (nghia gdc); giai tang quyen quy cao sang (nghia
chuyen). Thud xua, nam gidi thupc giai tang quyen quy cao sang dung cai
tram de gai tdc (vi ciing de tdc dai) rdi dpi mu, md c6 tua dai tha ve phia sau
("Nguyen ngudi quanh quat dau xa - Hp Kim ten Trpng vdn nha ttdm
anh" - Truyen Kieu).

tuvan thupc ve van chuong chu nghia {hoi tu vdn : mpt to chuc thau nap nhiing
nho si ttong dia phuang d thdi trudc)'.

133

MUC LUC

Tuan Npi dung Trang

19 • Lieu biet khi xudt duang (Xua't duang luu biet) 3
6
• Nghia cua cau 10
12
• Vie't bai lam van sd 5 : Nghi luan van hpe 18
21
20 •Hdu Trdi 24
28
- Nghia cua cau (tiep theo) 31
33
21 • Vgi vdng 35
38
• Thao tac lap luan bac bo 41
....43
22 • Trdng giang 45
46
- Luyen tap thao tac lap luan bac bo 49
51
- Tra bai lam van sd 5 53
56
- Viet bai lam van sd 6 : Nghi luan xa hpi (bai lam d nha) 58
59
23 •Day than ViDg 61
63
• Chieu tdi (Mp)

24 •Tiedy :

• Dpc thdm : Lai Tdn ,

• Dpc them: Nha dong.

• Dpc them : Tuong tu

• Dpc them : Chieu xudn

- Tieu su torn tat ,

25 • Dac diem loai hinh cua tieng Viet

- Tra bai lam van sd 6 :

26 • Toi yiu em

• Dpc them : Bdi thosd28 (trong tap Ngudi ldm vudn)

• Luyen tap viet tieu su torn .tat

134

Tuan Npi dung Trang

27 • Ngudi trong bao 65
- Thao tac lap luan binh luan 71

28 • Ngudi cdm quyen khoi phuc uy quyen 75
(ttich Nhirng ngudi khdn khd) 81
84
• Luyen tap thao tac lap luan binh luan
29 • Ve ludn li xd hoi d nudc ta (trich Dgo due vd ludn li Ddng Tdy) 89
92
• Dpc them: Tieng me de - nguon gidi phdng 96
cdc ddn toe bi dp biic 100
105
30 • Ba cdng hiin vi dgi cda Cdc Mdc 109
• Phong each ngdn ngu chinh luan 112
115
31 • Mot thdi dgi trong thi ca (trich) , 117
• Phong each ngdn ngd chinh lugn (tiep theo) 120
122
32 • Mpt sd the loai van hpe : kich, nghi luan 124
• Luyen tap van dung ket hpp cac thao tac lap luan 125
128
33 • On tap phan Van hpe 129
• Tdm tat van ban nghi luan

34 • On tap phan Tieng Viet
• Luyen tdp tdm tat vdn ban nghi lugn
• 6n tap phan Lam van

35 • Kiem tra tdng hpp cudi nam
• Tra bai kiim tra tong hpp cudi nam
• Bang tra cVhl tu Han Viet

135

Chiu trdch nhiem xudt bdn : Chu tich HDQT Iciem Tdng Giam ddc N G O TRAN AI
Pho Tdng Giam ddc kiem Tdng biSn tap NGUVilN QUV THAO

Bien tap ldn dau : NGUYEN HI^N TRANG - NGUYEN THI HOANG v f N
Bien tap tdi bdn . PHAM THI H 6 N G - Lfi THI H 6 N G NHUNG
Bien tap mi thugt TA THANH TUNG

Thie't kesdch : NGUYEN THANH LON(5 - DINH XUAN DUNG
Trinh bdy bia : NGUYfiN BICH LA

Siia bdn in : LE THI H 6 N G NHUNG - NGUYEN THI HOA DUNG
Che bdn : C O N G TY CP THI^T K £ VA PHAT HANH SACH GIAO DUG

Bia sdch co si dung tranh Hai thieu nQdi tren dong lua
cOa Nguyin Tien Chung

NGUf VAN 11 -TAP HAI

IVIa sd: CH112T0

In 135.000 cudn; (ST); khd 17x24cm.
In Tai Cdng ty cd phin In Bdc Giang.
Sd in: 02. Sd xud't ban: 01-2010/CXB/573-1485/GD.
In xong va nop luu chiiu thang 02 nam 2010.



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HUAN CHUONG HO CHI MINH VUONG MIEN KIM CLfONG
CHAT LUONG QUOC TE

SACH GIAO KHOA LOP 11

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I.TOANHOC 7. DjA L111

• 0AIS(!)VAGlAlTiCH11 8.TINH0C11

• HiNH HOC 11 9. CONG NGHE 11

2. VAT Li 11 IO.GIAODUCCONGDANII

3. HOAHOCII 11. GlAO DUC QU6C PHONG -AN NINH 11

4. SINH HOC 11 12. NGOAI NGIJ

5. NGliVANII (tap mot, tap hai) • TieNGANHII •TieNGPHAPII

6. LICH SU" 11 • TieNGNGAII •TltNG TRUNG QU6C 11

SACH GIAO KHOA LOP 11 - NANG CAO

Ban Khoa hoc Tu nhien : .TOAN HOC (DAI SO VA GIAI TICH 11, HINH HOC 11)

.VATLi 11 . H O A H O C I I . S I N H H O C I I

Ban Khoa hoc Xa hoi va Nhan van . N G I J V A N 11 (tap mpt, tap hai)

.UCHSCfll .DIAL111
. NGOAI NGU (TIENG ANH 11, TIENG PHAP 11,

TIENG NGA 11, TIENG TRUNG QUOC 11)

9349801005736 ® Gid: 5.700d