EDA 7001 pdf

Contemporary
Educational

Management And
Leadership Theories

by :
WAN MOHAMED ASYRAF BIN WAN AZMI

AMANI BINTI AWANG QAMARULDEEN
HAMSHAHRIL BIN HAMDAN
NUR HANISAH BINTI

Table of 1 Situational leadership
contents 2 Strategic management

theories

3 Strategic leadership theories
4 Distributed leadership theories
5 Followers leadership

6 Sustainable leadership

7 Love Pedagogy

SITUATIONAL
LEADERSHIP

WAN MOHAMED ASYRAF BIN WAN
AZMI

G1815673

Situational leadership is

a leadership style that has

been developed and

studied by Kenneth

Blanchard and Paul Hersey

in the late of 1960’s.

Definition /
Concept

The situational ‫َو َرفَ ْع َنا بَ ْع َض ُه ْم فَ ْو َق‬
leadership refers to ‫َب ْع ٍض َد َر َجا ٍت ِليَتَّ ِخ َذ‬
those leaders who ‫َب ْع ُض ُه ْم بَ ْع ًضا ُس ْخ ِريًّا‬
adopt different
leadership styles ”and We elevated some
according to
of them in rank above

others, that some of
the situation and the them would take others

development level of in service”

their team (Surah Az-Zukhruf : 32)

members.

Types/ Criteria/ Characteristics

S1 Telling

Directive and authoritative approach. The leader S2
makes decisions and tells employees what to do.

Selling

The leader is still the decision maker. He communicates and

works to persuade the employees rather than simply

S3 directing them.

Participating

The leader works with the team members to make

decisions together. He supports/encourages them and is

more democratic.

Delegating S4

The leader assigns decision-making responsibility
to team members but oversees their work.

Theory/ Model

Maturity Levels

M1 M2

Low competence Low competence
Low commitment High commitment

M3 M4

High competence High competence
Low commitment, High commitment,

confidence confidence



Principles/ Dimensions

According to their theory, what is 1
effective management will depend on
both the task involved and the maturity 2
level of the people that the individual is 3

managing.

.

Hersey and Blanchard define maturity in
a variety of ways, such as the ability to
take responsibility for a task.

.

They emphasize there is no single best
management style.

Advantages

It is a more 1 3 Adaptability is
flexible approach encouraged to fit

to leadership. past, present &

future situations.

It encourages 2 It assesses
successful
4 maturity levels of
collaboration
among team people within the
organization
members.

.

Islamic Perspectives

The situation and its characteristics
are important factors that affect the
leadership process, but the leaders’
perception of what is happening in
the situation will affect his behavior
and style (Beekun & Badawi, 1999).

Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) appointed
different types of leaders in different
situations supporting the notion that
leadership effectiveness depends on it
being able to fit with the followers and
the situation.

Islamic Perspectives

Sa'id Al-Khudri and Abu Hurairah
(May Allah be pleased with them)
reported: The Messenger of Allah
‫ﷺ‬said, "When three persons set out
on a journey, they should appoint
one of them as their leader.“ [Abu
Dawud]

From the Sirah, The Battle of Trench is
one example of how the Prophet
(PBUH) took the suggestions of his
companions seriously.

Summary

Effective While leaders This process by
leaders must may use a its very nature
know their staff
well enough to specific style cannot be
meet their for the work revolutionary
ever-changing group as a but must be
abilities and group, they evolutionary;
may quite
demands often have to gradual
placed upon have differently development
with individual
them changes, a
followers result of
because of planned
different levels growth, and
of follower the creation of
readiness. mutual trust
and respect.

References

• Rhea Blanken, 8 Common Leadership Styles, The Center for
Association Leadership

• Ken Blanchard, Situational Leadership® II: Prepare to Lead
Differently, The Ken Blanchard Companies

• Brown, N. A., & Barker, R. T. (2001). Analysis of the
Communication Components Found within the Situational
Leadership Model: Toward Integration of Communication and
the Model. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication,
31(2), 135–157. https://doi.org/10.2190/VMRC-YCY2-F08K-
P2FQ

STRATEGIC
MANAGEMENT
THEORIES

Definition / Concept

Originated in the 1950s and 60s by Pearce and Robinson (1985)
Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., Philip define strategic management

Selznick, Igor Ansoff and Peter F. as a set of decisions and
Drucker. actions that lead to the

Mohamad et al. (2008) states the formulation and
authority of Prophet Muhammad implementation of a strategy
so as to achieve the objectives
allows him to influence his
followers to carry out good of the organization.
governance, be sensitive to the
needs of the community, and have
accuracy goals and clear visions.

Theory/ Model
1 • Environmental scanning
2 • Strategy formulation
3 • Strategy implementation
4 • Strategy evaluation

Environmental
Scanning

refers to possession and
utilization of information
about occasions,
patterns, trends, and
relationships within an
organization’s internal
and external
environment.

It helps the
managers to
decide the future
path of the
organization.

Strategy formulation

Education Includes developing a
Plan vision and mission,
identifying an
It can organization’s external
generating opportunities and
alternative threats, determining
strategies, and internal strengths and
weaknesses,
choosing establishing long-term
particular objectives.
strategies to

pursue

Strategy implementation

often called the action 01
stage
0
requires a firm to 2
establish annual
objectives, devise
policies, motivate
employees, and
allocate resources so
that formulated
strategies can be

executed

Strategy evaluation

Contents Title Taking
Corrective
Fixing Action
benchmark of
performance

Measurement
of performance

Impact +ve

Financial Non-financial Closing thought
benefit benefit

Islamic Perspectives

Believe on the intention means a lot
in helps organization to success.

“whoever strives for the purpose
of worldly gains, and never pays
any heed to the Hereafter at all,
Allah will deny him the Hereafter;
and in this world, if He wills He
will give to him and if He does
not will, he will gain neither. So
the one who strives with this
intention in mind will have the
worst deal in this world and in
the Hereafter” [Tafsir Ibnu Kathir]

Islamic Perspectives

Not only focus on the benefit of the
company but also to the society and
the world.

"The best among the people are
those who benefit the people and
the best among you are those
who have the best manners and
character." [Sahih Bukhari]

Any organization need to follow
Shariah’s guidelines i.e concept of ihsan
or excellent.

“God has ordained excellence in
everything. [in Sahih Muslim (Hadith
no. 4810]

Summary

Strategic management is a
continuous process that
evaluates and controls the
organizations and the industries
in which an organization is
involved; evaluates its
competitors and sets goals and
strategies; and then reevaluates
strategies on a regular basis to
determine how it has been
implemented and whether it
was successful or does it needs

replacement.

References

• Abdullah bin Muhammad Abu Syaikh. (2013, November).
Tafsir Ibn Kathir. Volume 9. 187.

• Htay, S., & Salman, S. (2013). Balanced Score Card Approach
for Better Shari’ah Corporate Governance. American Journal
of Applied Science. Volume 10, Issue 12.

• Rafik Issa Beekun. (2006). Strategic Planning and
Implementation for Islamic Organizations. International
Institute of Islamic Thought. 3.

LOVE PEDAGOGY OF
EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT
AND LEADERSHIP

AMANI BINTI AWANG QAMARULDEEN
G1816436

Definition

Figure 1. The many faces of love1

Concept of Love Pedagogy

Haavio emphasized Love pedagogy was an
the meaning of pedago approach concerned on
gical love in teachers' SHARING, CARING,
work and considered PASSIONATE, LOVE AND
that teachers' work WISDOM IN ACHIEVING NOBLE
consists of the VISIONS AND MISSIONS OF AN
following two ORGANIZATION OR
obligations: attachment INSTITUTION
to learners and dutiful
perseverance of life The pedagogy of love humanizes
values. ... Pedagogical learning by engaging students in
love is a way of an ongoing process of self-
teaching, not just “a exploration. When love is
natural feeling” embedded in
(Haavio, 1948, p. 71) our pedagogical practices, we
enable students/employees to
recognize that their needs, their
desires, their wants, or whatever
it is that motivates them, matter.