FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
UNIVERSITY OF DELHI
DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY
FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME
(Courses effective from Academic Year 2013‐14)
SYLLABUS OF COURSES TO BE OFFERED
Discipline Courses I, Discipline Courses II
& Applied Courses
Note: The courses are uploaded as sent by the Department concerned. The scheme of marks will
be determined by the University and will be corrected in the syllabus accordingly. Editing,
typographical changes and formatting will be undertaken further.
Four Year Undergraduate Programme Secretariat
[email protected]
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PREAMBLE
The undergraduate course in Philosophy is aimed at introducing and familiarizing the student
with the basic issues in philosophy and fundamental problems that the discipline deals with.
Apart from the study of history of Indian and Western philosophy, the course deals with the core
branches of philosophy. The main questions studied under the aegis of philosophy are inter alia :
‘What is the definition of knowledge?’ ‘What are the right means of knowledge?’ ‘What is a
good action?’ ‘Why should one be moral?’ ‘What is the ideal relationship between State, Society
and Nation?’ ‘What are the normative foundations of law?’ ‘What is the relationship between
philosophy and practice of Yoga and Meditation?’ ‘What are the main methodological
approaches to deal these issues?’ The course would also deal with truth, validity and the methods
of argument. It is hoped that a perusal of the courses shall train a beginner to think critically,
analytically and constructively. The course has been designed in such a manner that at the end of
the fourth year the student would have a complete overview of the different possible areas of
study in philosophy along with a good apprehension of the problematic that each of those areas is
concerned with different methods of resolving them. It shall also help the learners identify the
areas that they would like to pursue for their postgraduate studies.
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
Table 1: Discipline 1 Courses
DC I ( 4+1)
Odd Semesters Even Semesters
Semester I Semester II
1. Logic – I 3. Indian Philosophy-I
2. Ethics – I 4. Early Greek Philosophy
Semester III Semester IV
5. Metaphysics & Epistemology 7. Philosophical Classics
6. Social & Political Philosophy 8. Feminism
Optional Exit
Semester V Semester VI
9. Logic – II 11. Indian Philosophy- II
10. Continental Philosophy (Texts) 12. Ethics-II
13. Philosophy of Religion
Optional Exit
Semester VII Semester VIII
14. Philosophy of Mind (Western) 18. Philosophy of Language (Western)
15. Philosophy of Science 19. Philosophy of Language (Indian)
16. Philosophy of Law 20. Project
17. Research Methodology and Project
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
Odd Semesters Table 2: Discipline-II Courses
Year Even Semesters
I Semester-I Semester-II
II Semester-III Semester-IV
PHIL DC-II 01 PHIL DC-II 02
III Deductive& Inductive Logic Ethics
Semester-V
IV PHIL DC-II 03 Semester-VI
Social & Political Philosophy (Indian) PHIL DC-II 04
Semester-VII Social & Political Philosophy (Western)
PHIL DC-II 05
Philosophical Texts-I Semester-VIII
PHIL DC-II06
4 Philosophical Texts-II
FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
Table 3: Applied Courses
Year Odd Semesters Even Semesters
I
Semester-I Semester-II
II Semester-III Semester-IV
PHIL AC 1 PHIL AC 2
Aesthetics and Arts appreciation Issues in Applied Ethics
III Semester-V Semester-VI
PHIL AC 3 PHIL AC 4
Bio-Ethics Meditation and the World Today
IV Semester-VII Semester-VIII
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC I: 1. LOGIC-I
Marks: 100
1. What is Logic?
Definitions of logical concepts:
i. Argument and Inference
ii. Truth, validity and soundness.
iii. Sentence and proposition
iv. Argument and Explanation: Forms and Fallacies/Dilemma
v. Deduction and Induction
2. Logic and Language:
i. Definition of a term. What is a word? Difference betweenthe two.
ii. Connotation and Denotation of a term, its relationship
iii. Uses of Language: Three Basic functions of Language.
iv. Agreement and disagreement in Belief and attitude
v. Definition
3. Aristotelian Logic:
A. i. Categorical Propositions
ii. Square of Opposition...The Problem of Existential Import
iii. Immediate Inferences
B. i. Categorical Syllogisms: Mood, Figure
ii. Validating / Invalidating C. Syllogisms through syllogistic rules and Special
Theorems
iii. Venn Diagrams
Essential Readings:
1. Copi. I.M, Introduction to Logic, Pearson, Delhi, Hindi.
translation of this text is also available with Pearson, 14th Edition 2012.
2 Cohen & Nagel, An Introduction to logic and Scientific Method,
Allied Publishers,Delhi. 1968.
Further Reading:
i. Hurley, Patrick, Introduction to Logic, Wadsworth, Delhi, 2007
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC I : 2. ETHICS-1
Marks – 100
1 What is Morality?
Cultural Relativism
Subjectivism
Morality and religion.
2 Marriage:
Simone de Beauvoir ‘On Marriage”
Bertrand Russell: On Love and Marriage
3 Structures of inequality
Caste
Inequality
4. Media and Ethics
Ethics and information;
Privacy and public interest;
Sex and pornography
5. Violence and Responsibility
Terrorism
The Problem of Dirty-Hands
ESSENTIAL READINGS:
1. James Rachels, The Elements of Moral Philosophy, McGraw Hill 2002, (Chapters 1-4 pp.
1-63)
2. Simone Bouvoir, The Second Sex Random House, 2010. (Part V chapter 1: the married
woman).
3. Bertrand Russell, Marriage and Morals, London 1967 (Chapters ix and x pp. 62-75).
4. B. R. Ambedkar: ‘Caste in India” (from Writings and Speeches Vol. 3. Bombay 1987 (pp.
99-111).
5. Amartya Sen: Inequality Re-examined, Oxford, 1992 (chapter 4).
6. “Nihilism on the information highway (in On the Internet by Herbert Dreyfus, Routledge
2001, pp.71-87
7. David Archard ‘Privacy, the public interest and a prurient public’ in Media Ethics ed.
Mathew Kieran, Routledge 1998 (pp 82-94).
8. Ann Garry, ‘Sex, Lies and Pornography’ in Ethics and Practice: An Anthology (ed.)
Hugh La Follette, Blackwell 2002 pp 344-355.
9. M. Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars(chapter 12, pp.197-207), Penguin Books 1977.
10. Gerald F. Gaus ‘Dirty Hands” in Blackwell Companion to Applied Ethics, (ed.) R. G.
Frey and C. H. Wellman, Wiley 2003.
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC I : 3. INDIAN PHILOSOPHY– I
Marks – 100
1. The Idea of Indian Philosophy
1.1 General Characteristics of Indian Philosophy
Surendranath Dasgupta, A History of Indian Philosophy, Vol.1, Delhi: Motilal
Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, 2004, pp. 67-77.
1.2 The Tenets of Various Schools: An Overview
P.T. Raju, “Metaphysical Theories in Indian Philosophy” in Charles A. Moore (ed.),
The Indian Mind. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited 2004, pp. 41-
65.
2. Trajectories of the Philosophical
2.1 The Vedic Primordial Quest
Raimundo Panikkar (ed. & trans.), ‘May Peace Bring Peace [Shanti Mantra]’
Atharva Veda XIX, 9, 1-5, 14 in The Vedic Experience: Mantramanjari. Delhi: Motilal
Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, 2006, pp. 305.
2.2 The Upanisadic Query: The Immanent and the Transcendent, Ῑsa Upanisad, verses 1 to
11.
S. Radhakrishnan,, “Ῑsa Upanisad” in S. Radhakrishnan (ed. & trans.), The Principal
Upanisads, New Delhi: Harper Collins Publishers India, 1987, pp.567-575.
2.3 Early Buddhism: The Four Noble Truths
David J. Kalupahana, , “The Problem of Suffering”, “Freedom and Happiness”,
and “The Moral Life” in “A History of Buddhist Philosophy, 1st Indian edition, Delhi:
Motilal Banarsidass, 1994, pp.85-109.
2.4 “The Moral Question and the Subtlety of Dharma”
Gurcharan Das, “Draupadi’s Courage” in The Difficulty of Being Good. New
Delhi: Penguin Books, 2012, pp.33-53.
3. The Debate between the Schools
3.1. Cārvāka, Nāgasena and Śaṁkara on Self and its Other.
3.1.1. The Cārvāka view:
Madhavācārya, Sarva-Darśana-Saṁgraha, Chapter 1.
3.1.2. Nāgasena’s View:
The Questions of King Milinda, II.1.1.
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
3.1.3. Śaṁkara’s View:
Brahma-Sūtra Śaṁkara-bhāṣya I.2.
3.2. Nyaya and Sāṁkhya on Cause-Effect Relation
S. Radhakrishnan, “Cause” in Indian Philosophy, Vol.2, 2nd Edition, 7th
Impression.New Delhi: Oxford University Press.2012, pp. 76-86.
3.3. Nyaya on Perceptual Knowledge
Satishchandra Chatterjee and Dhirendra Mohan Datta, An Introduction to Indian
Philosophy, 8th edition. Calcutta, University of Calcutta, 1984,pp. 170-173.
4. Jainism on the Probability of Knowledge: Naya&Syadvada
S. Radhakrishnan,“Theory of Knowledge” & “Value of Jaina Logic” in Indian
Philosophy, Vol.1, 2nd Edition, 7th Impression, New Delhi: Oxford University
Press.2012, pp. 243-255.
4. Indian Philosophy in Dialogue with other Disciplines
4.1 Sudhir Kakar, “The Indian Mind” in The Essential SudhirKakar, New Delhi,
OUP.2011, pp 354-371
Further Readings:
1. T.R.V. Murti, “The ‘Silence’ of the Buddha and the Beginnings of the Dialectic” in
The Central Conception of Buddhism, New Delhi: HarperCollins India,1998, pp.36-
54.
2. Bimal Krishna Matilal, “Dharma and Rationality” in The Collected Essays of
Bimal Krishna Matilal, Vol.2, Ethics and Epics, Edited by Jonardon Ganeri. New
Delhi:Oxford University Press,2002, pp. 49-71.
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC I: 4. EARLY GREEK PHILOSOPHY– I
Marks – 100
1. Milesians: Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes
2. Pythagoras
3. Heraclitus
4. Eleactics: Parmenides and Zeno
5. Empedocles
6. Anaxagoras
7. Atomists: Leucippus and Democritus
8. Sophists: Protagoras
9. Socrates
Further Readings:
1. Barnes: Early Greek Philosophy. Penguin Books. London. 2001.
2. Kirk Raven & Schofield: The Pre-Socratic Philosophers.Cambridge
University Press. 1983.
3. Guthrie, W.C.K. History of Greek Philosophy, Vol. 1 & 2. CUP 1962-1969.
4. Kerfred, G.B. The Sophists.Cambridge University Press.1981.
5. Tankha, V. Ancient Greek Philosophy, Pearson, India 2006.
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC I: 5. Metaphysics and Epistemology
Marks. 100
1. Introducing Metaphysics
“Metaphysics” by Peter Van Inwagen, in Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy.2007
2. Appearance and Reality
“Appearance and Reality”: Chapter 1 of Problems of Philosophy
3. Universals
“The World of Universals”: Chapter 9 of Problems of Philosophy
“On our Knowledge of Universals”: Chapter 10 of Problems of Philosophy
4. Idealism
“Idealism”: Chapter 4 in Problems of Philosophy
5. Dualism
Chapter II of Rene Descartes’ Meditations (In Haldane and Ross’s Translation or any
other suitable translation)
6. Freedom and Determinism
“The Illusion of Free Will” Baron D’Holbach (1723-1789) (from his book System of
Nature) http://myweb.facstaff.wwu.edu/wasserr/114/the_illusion_of_free_will.pdf
“Freedom and Necessity” Chapter 12 of Philosophical Essays, A J
Ayer.http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/ayer/freedom_and_
necessity.html
7. Skepticism
“The Problem of the External World”: Chapter 1 of Barry Stroud.The Significance of
Philosophical Skepticism, Oxford Clarendon Press, 1984,
http://uvmphil219.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/stroud-ch1.pdf
8. Varieties of Knowledge
Chapters 5, 7 and 8 ofProblems of Philosophy
i “Knowledge by Acquaintance and Knowledge by Description”
ii “On Our Knowledge of General Principles”
iii “How A Priori Knowledge is Possible”.
Essential Reading:
1. Russell, Bertrand, Problems of Philosophy, Oxford University Press, Delhi.1924.
Further Readings:
1. Blackburn, Simon, Think! A Compelling Introduction to Philosophy, OUP.1998.
2. Van Inwagen, Peter, Metaphysics, Westview Press, 2008.
3. Sosa, Ernest and Jaegwon Kim, Epistemology: An Anthology, Blackwell, 2000.
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC I: .6 SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY Marks.100
INDIAN
1. Gandhi : Hind Swaraj
2. Tagore: Nationalism
3. J.P. Narayan:A Plea for Reconstruction of Indian Polity, Kashi 1959
4. B. R. Ambedkar :Who were the Shudras? Chapters 1-3.
WESTERN
1. Liberty
2. Equality
3. Democracy
4. Rights
5. Justice
READINGS
1. M. K. Gandhi, Hind Swaraj, Navajivan Publishing House, Ahmadabad, India, Navajivan
Trust, 1938.
2. "Ahimsa" in Raghavan N.Iyer (2005), The Moral and Political Thought of Mahatma
Gandhi. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, pp.177-217.
3. Rabindranath Tagore (1917) Nationalism. New York: The Macmillan Company,
(available free in pdf format).
4. J.P. Narayan, A Plea for Reconstruction of Indian Polity, Kashi 1959.
5. Rathore, Akash and Verma, Ajay (editors), Ambedkar's Buddha and His Dhamma:
Critical Edition, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 2011.
6. Ashish Nandy, ‘From Outside the Imperium: Gandhi’s Cultural Critique of the West’,
7. Berlin, I, ‘Two Concepts of Liberty’, in Four Essays on Liberty, Oxford University Press,
1969
8. Ankur Barua, The Solidarities of Caste: The Metaphysical Basis of the ‘Organic’
Community, The Journal of Hindu Studies, 2009, 97–122
9. T. Nagel, ‘Equality’ Mortal Questions, CUP, 1979, pp. 106-127.
10. R. Dworkin, ‘What is Equality? “ in Sovereign Virtue Harvard University Press 2000.
11. Joseph Schumpeter, “Two Concepts of Democracy”, in Political Philosophy by Anthony
Quinton, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967; pp. 153-188.
12. T. Honderich ‘A difficulty with Democracy’ Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1974, pp
221-26.
13. Feinberg, J., ‘The Nature and Value of Rights’, in Rights, Justice, and the Bounds of
Liberty, Princeton University Press, 1980.
14. Rawls, John. “Justice as Fairness- A Restatement”, Chapter-I, edited by Erin Kelly,
Harvard University, Press, 2001.
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PHIL/DC I: 7. PHILOSOPHICAL CLASSICS
Marks.100
1. Aristotle: Metaphysics: On substance, actuality and potentiality (books Zeta. Eta and
Theta)
2. Immanuel Kant: Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysic
3. Martin Heidegger: What is Metaphysics?
Further Readings:
David Bostock, Aristotle’s Metaphysics Books Zeta and Eta, Oxford, 1996
Stephen Makin, Aristotle: Metaphysics theta, Oxford University Press 2006
Immanuel Kant, Gary Hatfield- Prolegomena to any future metaphysics, Cambridge 2005
Heidegger, Martin, What is Metaphysics?, http://wagner.wpengine.netdna‐
cdn.com/psychology/files/2013/01/Heidegger‐What‐Is‐Metaphysics‐Translation‐GROTH.pdf
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC I: 8- FEMINISM
Marks 100
1. Patriarchy and Feminist Movement
Introduction and Chapter 11 entitled ‘The creation of Patriarchy’ in The Creation of
Patriarchy, Gerda Lerner, OUP, 1986, pp 3-14 & 212-229.
The Risk of Essence, by Diana Fuss in Feminisms, Oxford Readers, (Ed.) Sandra Kemp
and Judith Squires, OUP, 1997, pp 250-258.
Feminism: A Movement to end Sexist Oppression, Bell Hooks, Feminisms, Oxford
Readers pp 22-27.
2. Epistemology
"Is there a Feminist Method?", Sandra Harding (Feminisms, Oxford Reader) pp160-170.
"The Feminist Critique of Philosophy", Moira Gatens, Feminism and Philosophy:
Perspective on Difference and Equality, Moira Gatens, Polity Press, UK, 1991, pp 85-99.
3. Body and Gender
"Life’ as we have known It: Feminism and Biology of Gender", Lynda Birke, pp 243-264,
Science and Sensibility, Gender and Scientific Enquiry, 1780-1945, ed. by Mariana
Benjamin, Basil Blackwell, 1991, UK.
"The Self Is Not Gendered: Sulabha’s Debate with King Janaka", Ruth Vanita, NWSA
Journal, 2003, Vol 15, pp76-93.
4. Women and Society
"Whatever happened to the Vedic Dasi? Orientalism, Nationalism and a Script for the Past,
Uma Chakravarti" Recasting Women, Essays in Indian Colonial History, ed by Kumkum
Sangari and SudeshVaid, pp27-79, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 1990.
"Women Religion and Social Change in Early Islam", by Jane I Smith in Women Religion
and Social Change, 1985, pp19-35.
"The Gender and the Environmental Debate Lessons from India" by Bina Aggarwal,
Feminist Studies 18, No 1, (spring) 1992, pp 119-158.
Further Readings:
Squires, Judith and Kemp, Sandra. Feminisms, Oxford Reader, OUP, USA, 1998.
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC I: 9. LOGIC – II
Marks 100
MODERN TRUTH FUNCTIONAL LOGIC
1. LOGIC OF COMPOUND PROPOSITIONS (Sentential):
i. Logical Connectives: And (), Or (V) and Not ()
ii. Material Conditional () and Biconditional ()
iii. Truth Tables for Logical Connectives
iv. Truth functions: Symbols and Translation
v. Statements and statement-forms; Logical status
vi. Truth table Method
vii. Shorter Truth Tables (Reductio ad absurdum)
1.1 PROVING VALIDITY (PROOF PROCEDURES)
i. Formal Proofs
ii. Conjunctional Normal form &Disjunctional Normal Form
iii. Indirect Proof
iv. Conditional Proof
2. LOGIC OF SINGULAR/ UNIVERSAL PROPOSITIONS (Predicate):
i. Symbolization of Propositions
ii. Quantification Rules (19 rules)
iii. Proving Validity
iv. Proving Invalidity
3. PHILOSOPHICAL LOGIC
i. Logical Appraisal
ii. Logical Form
iii. Truth Function constants and ordinary words
Essential Readings:
1. Copi. I.M.Introduction to Logic, 14th Edition, Pearson, India, 2012.
Hindi translation also available with Pearson details.
2. Copi. I.M, Symbolic Logic, Pearson, India, 2008.
3. Strawson. P.F, Introduction to Logical Theory, B.I.Publications, India, 1976.
Further Readings:
1. Hurley. Patrick, Introduction to Logic, Wadsworth, Delhi, 2007.
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC I: 10. CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY (Texts)
Marks.100
1. Hegel
Alexandre Kojeve. Introduction to the Reading of Hegel: Lectures on ‘The
Phenomenology of the Spirit’. Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press, 1980,
pp. 3-30.
2. Soren Kierkegaard,
“The Task of Becoming Subjective” in Concluding Unscientific Postscript
Translated by David F. Swensen and Walter Lowrie, Princeton, Princeton
University Press, 2002, pp 115-167.
3. Nietzsche
Friedrich Nietzsche, “On the Natural History of Morals”, in Frederich Nietzsche,
Beyond Good and Evil. New York: Penguin Books, 2002, pp. 90-109.
4. Merleau-Ponty
Maurice Merleau-Ponty, “What is Phenomenology?”, in T. Toadvine& L. Lawlor
(eds). The Merleau-Ponty Reader, Evanston (Illinois), Northwestern University
Press, 2007, pp. 55-68.
5. Sartre
Jean-Paul Sartre. “Look” in Kim Atkins (ed.), Self and Subjectivity. Oxford:
Blackwell Publishing, 2005, pp. 87-100.
6. Heidegger
Martin Heidegger. 1977. “The Question Concerning Technology”. in Being and
Nothingness, Part-3, Chap.1 Sec IV. Hazel E. Barnes: NewYork.1966. pp.340-
51.
Further Readings:
1. Atkins, Kim (ed.), Self and Subjectivity. Malden: Blackwell Publishers, 2005.
2. Critchley, Simon, Continental Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2001.
3. Glendinning, Simon, The Idea of Continental Philosophy, Edinburgh: Edinburgh
University Press, 2006.
4. Mullarkey, John, and Beth Lord (eds.), The Continuum Companion to Continental
Philosophy, London: Continuum, 2009.
5. Protevi, John, The Edinburgh Dictionary of Continental Philosophy, Edinburgh:
Edinburgh University Press, 2005.
6. Schroeder, William R, Continental Philosophy: A Critical Approach. Malden:
Blackwell Publishing, 2005.
7. Solomon, Robert C. and David Sherman (eds.), The Blackwell Guide to Continental
Philosophy, Malden: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2003.
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC I: 11. Indian Philosophy – II
Marks.100
Essential Reading
Pratyakṣapariccheda of Dignāga’sPramānasamuccaya with Svavrtti, with Sanskrit Text,
Translation, and Annotations by Masaaki Hattori, Dignāga on Perception, Harvard
University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1968.
Further Readings
1. Dravid, R.R., The Problem of Universals in Indian Philosophy, Motilal Banarsidass,
Delhi, 1972.
2. Dreyfus, Georges, Recognizing Reality: Dharmakirti’s Philosophy and Its Tibetan
Interpretations, Indian Reprint, Satguru Publications, Delhi, 1997.
3. Hayes, Richard, Dignaga on the Interpretation of Signs, Kluwer Academic Press,
Dordrecht, 1988.
4. Prasad, H.S., “Understanding Buddhist Epistemology,” in his The Centrality of Ethics in
Buddhism: Exploratory Essays, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 2007, pp. 397–429.
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC I: 12. ETHICS – II
Marks.100
1. The Socratic Question Reading: “Socrates’ Question’ in B. Williams, Ethics and the limits
of Philosophy, Harvard.1985, pp 1-21
2. Virtue ethics Readings: Aristotle Nichomachean Ethics books 1-4 (Selections) John
McDowell “Virtue and Reason’ in Roger Crisp and M. Slote eds. Virtue Ethics, Oxford
University Press 1997, pp 141-162; Iris Murdoch, “The Sovereignty of Good over other
concepts’ in Crisp and Slote (1997) pp. 99-177.
3. Deontological Theories: Reading: Immanuel Kant: Groundwork of the Metaphysic of
Morals chapters 1-2; Christine M.Korsgaard ‘Self-Constitution: Action, Identity and
Integrity’ (The Locke Lectures 2002).
4. Consequentialist theories: J. S. Mill Utilitarianism (chapter 2) J. J. C. Smart, In Defence
of Utilitarianism; Bernard Williams both essays in J.J. C. Smart and Bernard Williams
(ed.) Utilitarianism For and Against, Cambridge University Press (1973).
5. Contractarianism: John Rawls: “The original position” and ‘the two principles” in A
Theory of Justice Harvard University Press 1971, Thomas Scanlon, ‘Contractualism and
Utilitarianism’ in Beyond Utilitarianism eds. Amartya Sen and Bernard Williams,
Cambridge University Press, 1982, 103-28.
Further Readings:
1. Phillipa Foot, (ed) Theories of Ethics, Oxford University Press, 1976.
2. Williams, B., Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy, Harvard 1985.
3. Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue, London 1981.
4. Sandel, Michael, Liberalism and the Limits of Justice, Cambridge 1982.
5. Brian Barry, A Liberal Theory of Justice, Oxford 1973.
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC I: 13. PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION
Marks.100
1. Nature of Philosophy of Religion and its distinction from Theology.
2. Conceptions of God/Absolute- Monotheism, Deism and Pantheism.
Ramanuja- God as Infinite, Personal and Good.
Sankara- Brahman.
3. Arguments for the Existence of God- ontological, cosmological and
Teleological arguments.
4. Problem of Evil- ‘God and Evil’.
5. Religious Experience
6. Religious Pluralism and Tolerance; Interfaith Dialogue: Vivekananda Chicago
Address (Lecture).
Further Readings:
1. Plato: Euthyphro, Trans. C. J. Emlyn-Jones, Briston Classical Press, 1991.
2. John Hick, Philosophy of Religion, PHI Publication, New Delhi, 1988.
3. Philosophy of Religion Reader, ed. Chad Meister, Routledge, New York, 2008.
4. Readings in Philosophy of Religion, ed. Baruch A Brody, Part 1, 1.17(pp.168-186),
PHI Publication, New Jersey, 1974.
5. John Locke, Letter on Religious Tolerance.
6. Swami Vivekananda, Chicago Addresses Advaita Ashrama, Kolkatta, 2013, editor.
7. David Tracy, Dialogue with the Other: The inter-religious Dialogue, Peeters Press
Louvian-1990.
8. A Companion to Philosophy of Religion, ed. Philip L Quinn and Charles Taliaferro,
Blackwell, Publishers, USA, 1999.
9. Tolerance in Indian Culture, ed. R. Balasubramanian, ICPR, New Delhi, 1992.
10. Mohommad Iqbal, Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, chapters 1 and 2.
11. The Hindi translation of Philosophy of Religion, John Hick is available.
Dharmdarshananuvadaka Rajesh Kr. Singh, PHI, New Delhi, 1994.
12. Dharmdarshan ke Mool Siddhant, V.P. Verma, Hindi, Madhyam Karyanvaya
Nideshalaya New Delhi, 1991 D.U.
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC I: 14. PHILOSOPHY OF MIND (Western)
Marks. 100
Part I. Mind and Body
1. Introduction, the mind/body problem, and Descartes’ dualism
Text: Descartes, Meditations II and VI (Chalmers article #1)
2. Behaviourism
Text: Ryle, “Descartes’ Myth,” (Chalmers #5)
3. Identity Theories
Text: Smart, “Sensations and Brain Processes,” (Chalmers #9)
4. Functionalism
Text: Putnam, “The Nature of Mental States,” (Chalmers #11).
5. Problems with Functionalism: The Knowledge Argument
Text: “Epiphenomenal Qualia,” (Chalmers #28)
Part II. The Mental: Consciousness and Content
6. Consciousness
Text: Nagel, “What is it Like to be a Bat?” (Chalmers #25).
ESSENTIAL READINGS:
1. David J. Chalmers, Philosophy of Mind: Classical and Contemporary Readings, Oxford
University Press, 2002
FURTHER READINGS
1. Crane, T., The Mechanical Mind: A Philosophical Introduction to Minds, Machines and
Mental Representation, (2nd edition), Routledge, 2003.
2. Kim, J., Philosophy of Mind, (3rd edition), Westview Press, 2010.
3. Heil, J., Philosophy of Mind: A Contemporary Introduction (3rd edition), Routledge,
2012.
4. Churchland, P., Matter and Consciousness: A Contemporary Introduction to the
Philosophy of Mind, MIT Press, 1988.
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC I: 15 PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Marks 100
1. What is Philosophy of Science? : Understanding Philosophy of Science, by James L
Ladyman, Routledge, London, 2002, pp 1-8.
2. Observation: “Observation” in Patterns of Discovery, by N. R. Hanson, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, 1958, Chapter-1 pp 4-30.
3. Explanation: N. Harman “Inference to the Best Explanation”, Philosophical Review, vol.74, pp
88-95.
4. The Problem of Induction: Hume (traditional problem): An Enquiry Concerning Human
Understanding, section IV (parts I-II), also in Epistemology: Contemporary Readings ed. By
Michael Huemer, Routledge, London, 2002, pp 298-306.
5. "The Problem of Induction", K. Popper, Conjectures and Refutations, Routledge and Kegan Paul,
London, 4th edition,1972, pp 50-55, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, Routledge, London and
New York, 2002, pp 3-9.
6. K. Popper, "The Problem of Demarcation", Conjectures and Refutations, pp 33-46, The Logic of
Scientific Discovery, pp 10-20, Falsificationism: The Logic of Scientific Discovery, pp 57-74.
7. T. Kuhn: Paradigm Change and Scientific Progress, ‘The Structure of Scientific Revolutions,’
International Encyclopedia of Unified Science, vol. II, no. 2, University of Chicago Press, USA,
1962.
8. I. Lakatos: Scientific Research Programs: ‘The Methodology of Scientific Research Programs’,
Philosophical Papers, vol. 1, ed. By John Worrall and Gregory Curie, Cambridge University
Press, United Kingdom, 1978, pp 47-67.
9. P. Feyerabend: “How to Defend Society Against Science” in Introduction to Philosophy, ed. By
John Parry and Michael Bratman, 3rd edition, Oxford University Press, 1999, pp 277-283.
Further Readings:
1. Hanson, N. R, A guide to Philosophy of Science, George Allen & Unwin,
London.1972
2. Hanson, N. R. Patterns of Discovery, Cambridge University press,
Cambridge.1958
3. Hume, David, Treatise of Human Nature.
4. Popper, Karl, The Logic of Scientific Enquiry, Routledge, London and New
York, 2002.
5. Popper, Karl Conjectures and Refutations, Kegan and Paul, London.1963
6. Kuhn,T. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, University of Chicago Press,
1962.
7. Lakatos, I., ‘The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes’ in
Philosophical Papers, vol. 1, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,1978.
8. Smith, Peter G., Theory and Reality, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2003.
9. Ladyman, James, Understanding Philosophy of Science, Routledge, London,2002.
10. Dilworth, C., Scientific Progress, D. Reidel, London,1981.
11. Swinburne, R, (ed.)The Justification of Induction, Oxford University Press, Oxford,1974.
12. Nola, R. and Sankey, H. (eds.), After Popper, Kuhn and Feyerabend Kluwer Academic
Publishers, London, 2000.
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC I: 16. PHILOSOPHY OF LAW
Marks.100
1. Traditional Natural Law Theory: Law for the Common Good; Legal Positivism: Law as
Command; Law as the Union of Primary and Secondary Rules. The Separation of Law
and Morality; the morality of Law The obligation to obey the law; sources of legal
authority
2. Constitutional law
- A brief introduction to the Indian constitution and its history. The "basic structure"
doctrine. Separation of Church and State: Affirmative action
3. Rights: The Hohfeldian framework; Positive and negative rights; Fundamental rights
4. Criminal law: Theories of punishment; the death penalty; Criminal responsibility:
justifications and excuses, mensrea, etc.
5. Contract law: The obligation to fulfil a contract; contracts and promises; blackmail
6. Tort law: Causation in the law
Further Readings:
1. Joel Feinberg, Jules Coleman, Christopher Kutz, Philosophy of Law, 9th edition
Pearson 2013.
2. The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory Edited by Martin P.
Golding and William A. Edmundson, Blackwell 2004.
3. Andrei Marmor, Philosophy of Law, Princeton University Press, 2010.
22
FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC I: 17. Research Methodology and Project
Marks.100
This paper aims to impart the students with those research skills and methods that are
essential for undergraduate research. The syllabus comprises of four main components
namely handling primary sources (written texts, visual texts, archives, oral); bibliographical
processes and materials; framing the research question; and developing, managing and
writing the central issues in the research paper. In addition the paper also aims at training the
students with interpreting and conceptualisation of findings which emerge at the end of the
study on the specific topic chosen for research. Since literature survey is an essential part of
any research study, this paper would have a component on understanding of the use and
citation of electronic resources as well.
Apart from the above writing a proposal for undergraduate research or an Honours
dissertation is one of the most important parts of the undergraduate research process as it
provides clear signposts to the students' research for the rest of the session. This paper would
focus on some of the key components of a proposal making such as the Aim, the Rationale,
the Methodology and the Literature review. Students would be taught step-by-step process
that must be followed to prepare a good research proposal.
Bibliography:
1. Allison, B, The Student's Guide to Preparing Dissertations and Theses (London: Kogan
Page, 1997).
2. Preece, R A, Starting Research: An Introduction to Academic Research and
Dissertation Writing (London: Pinter Publishers, 1994).
3. Watson, G, Writing a Theses: A Guide to Long Essays and dissertations (London:
Longman, 1987).
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC I: 18. PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE (Western)
Marks.100
1. The Relation of Language with the World
1. GottlobFrege, On Sense and Reference,
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/On_Sense_and_Reference Translation by Max Black)
2. Bertrand Russell, On Denoting, Mind, 1905, 479-493.
3. P F Strawson, On Referring, Mind, New Series, Vol. 59, No. 235. (Jul., 1950), pp.
320-344.
4. Russell, ‘Response to Strawson’s Logical Theory’
2. Meaning and Dogmas
1. W V O Quine, Two Dogmas of Empiricism, Philosophical Review, January 1951.
2. Donald Davidson, On The Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme, Proceedings and
Addresses of the American Philosophical Association, Vol. 47, (1973 - 1974), pp. 5-
20.
3. Philosophy and Language
1. Austin, ‘How to do things with words’
Further Readings:
Austin, ‘How to do things with words’ Clarendon Press. Oxford.1962
Bertrand Russell. The Philosophy of Logical Atomism, in R C Marsh, Logic and
Knowledge. Routedge.1918
Donald Davidson. Subjective, Objective, Intersubjective, OUP, USA.2001
Donnellan, Keith. "Reference and Definite Descriptions", Philosophical Review, 1966,
281-304
Dummett, Michael Frege’s Philosophy of Language, Duckworth.1993
Katz. J.Jerrold,The Philosophical Relevance of Linguistic theory in The Philosophy of
Language, (ed.) Searle.OUP.1971.
Lycan, William. Philosophy of Language: A Contemporary Introduction, 2008
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC I: 19. PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE (Indian)
Marks. 100
Essential Reading:
Śabdakhānda of Nyāyasiddhāntamuktavāli of Viśvanātha
Translation by John Vattanky, S.J., Nyāya Philosophy of Language (Text, Translation,
and Interpretation), Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi, 1995.
Further Readings:
1. Jha, V.N., Śabdakhānda of the Nyāyasiddhāntamuktavāli, Sambhasa, Vol. 13, 1992.
2. Kunjuni Raja, K., Indian Theories of Meaning, Adyar Library, Madras, 1963.
3. Matilal, B.K., Logic, Language, and Reality, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1986.
4. Shastri, D.N., Critique of Indian Realism, Agra University, Agra, 1964.
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC I: 20. PROJECT (Marks.100)
26
FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
Discipline Courses -IIDC I
PHIL/ DC-II : 01 Deductive and Inductive Logic
Marks.100
1. Deductive Logic
Prescribed Text: Copi. I.M, Introduction to Logic,14th Edition, Chapters.5-8, Pearson
India, 2012.
2. Inductive Logic
i. Hypothesis. Conditions of a good hypothesis
ii. Definition of ‘Cause’, Plurality of Causes
iii. Mill’s Methods of Experimental Enquiry
Essential Reading:
1. Copi. I.M and Cohen, Carl. Introduction to Logic,14th Edition, Pearson, India, 2012.
27
FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/ DC- II : O2 Ethics Marks.100
1. What is Morality
2. Cultural Relativism
3. Subjectivism
4. Morality and Religion
5. Egoism
6. Utilitarianism
7. Moral Rules
8. Kant
Essential Reading:
James Rachels, Elements of Moral Philosophy (Fourth Edition),
MacGraw Hill, 2002.
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/ DC-II : 03 Social and Political Philosophy (Indian)
Marks.100
1. Ashok, 13 major Rock Edicts
2. Dhammapada (Selections).
3. Manavdharmashastra: Stridharma; ‘rules for time of adversity; fruits of action
4. Purusharthas and the varnaashrama system
5. Tagore: On Nationalism
6. Gandhi on Ahimsā
7. Hamid Dalwai on Secularism
Essential Readings:
1. Dhammapada trans Daw Mya Tin, Central Institute of Higher Tibetan studies, Varanasi
1990, verses and stories from chapter 8,9,10,12,14,16,18,19 and 20.
2. Rupert Gethin, ‘He who sees Dhamma sees Dhammas’ in Dharma, ed. Patrick Olivelle
Motilal Banarsidas 2009, pp 91-120
3. Manu's Code of Law: A Critical Edition and Translation of the Mānava‐Dharma's‐
astra by Patrick Olivelle Chapter 5 ‘Law with Respect to Women;’ Chapter 9
‘Chapter 10: chapter 12.
4. Readings: B. K. Matilal: "Gita, Karma and ethics." (in Ethics and Epics ed. J. Ganeri,
Oxford 2002, pp. 136-144.
5. Alf Hiltebeital, ‘Draupadi and Sita.’ in Dharma, Oxford University Press, 2011,
Chapter 10 pp. 481-518.
6. Ambedkar, ‘Caste in India’ From Writings and Speeches Vol 3. Bombay, 1987.
Patrick Olivelle the Asrama System, Oxford University Press, 1993.
7. Raghavan Iyer, The Moral and Political Teachings of Gandhi, Oxord University Press,
1986.
8. ‘Opposing Gandhi: Hindu Nationalism and political violence’ by Christopher Jaffrelot in
Violence/Non-Violence, eds. Denis Vidal, Gilles Tarabout and Eric Meyer, pp. 299-324,
Manohar 2003.
9. Hamid Dalwai, Muslim Politics in Secular India Bombay Nachiketa Publications, 1968.
29
FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/ DC-II : 04 Social and Political Philosophy (Western)
Marks.100
1. Aristotle, Nichomachean Ethics, (Book V chaps 1-9; 1129a-1137a): on particular justice:
2. John Locke: Second Treatise on Government, Chapters V-IX.
3. Immanuel Kant: "On Enlightenment".
4. John Rawls: "The Original Position: The Two Principles, (From A Theory of Justice,
Harvard University Press), 1996.
5. Sen, Amartya, “Capability and Well-being,” in Nussbaum and Sen (eds.), The Quality of
Life, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 30–53, 1993.
Further Readings:
1. Michael Pakaluk, Aristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics, Cambridge 2005
2. Immanuel Kant, Towards Perpetual Peace and other Writings, Yale 2006
3. Brian Barry, The Liberal Theory of Justice, Oxford, 1973
4. Christopher Morris, Amartya Sen, (Contemporary Philosophers in Focus) 2009.
30
FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/ DC-II : 05 PHILOSOPHICAL TEXTS-I
Marks.100
1. Plato: On Love (Symposium 212-223);
2. Schopenhauer: On Religion
3. John Stuart Mill, On the Subjugation of Women (chapters 2 and 3)
4. Nietzsche: The Use and Abuse of History
5. Foucault on the Self
Essential Readings:
1. Plato’s Symposium, Trans. Seth Bernardete, University of Chicago Press, 2001.
2. “On Religion: a dialogue (in Schopenhauer, Essays and Aphorisms, trans R.J.
3. Friedrich Neitzsche “The Use and Abuse of History” in Untimely Meditations, Ed.
Daniele Breazeale, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL/DC-II 06 PHILOSOPHICAL TEXTS-II
Marks.100
1. Chuang Tsu: The inner chapters Books 1-VII of Wanderings on the Way translated by
Victor Mair, Bantam Books 1994
2. Bhagavad Gita (Selections from Chapters 2-6?) Translated by Swami Gambhirananda,
Advaita Ashrama with the commentary of Shankara or in the Ramakrishna Mission
edition with the commentary of Ramanuja.
3. Ibn Sina, Remarks and Admonitions ( al isharatwat-Tanbihat) Part IV: the Nature of
Happiness’ in Ibn Sina and Mysticism by Shams Inati, Kegan Paul International 1996; or
Jalaludin Rumi: Masnavi (Selections: pp.113-165) from Rumi: Swallowing the Sun
Translated by Franklin D. Lewis Oxford 2008
Further Reading:
Michael Puett, ‘Philosophy and Literature in Early China’ in The Columbia History of
Chinese Literature, Columbia University Press, New York-2001 pp.70-86 italiuze.
J.A. B. Van Buitenen, The Bhagavad- Gita in the Mahabharata, Chicago University
Press,
Annemarie Schimmel, Mystical Dimensions of Islam, Chapel Hill-1975
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
APPLIED COURSES
PHIL AC 1. Aesthetics and Art Appreciation
The area(s) of deliberation could be:
i) Meaning, Concept and theory of Aesthetics, Art and Aesthetic Experience
1. ‘First moment’, Critique of Judgement, Immanuel Kant (4 Pages)
2. ‘The Two Fold Significance of “Aesthetic Value”’ by Harold Osborne, in
ThePhilosophica, Volume 36, 1985. Pp.5-24
3. ‘The Role of Theory in Aesthetic’s by Morris Weitz in The Juournal of Aesthetics
and Art Criticism, edited by W.E. Kennick, Volume 15, 1956.
4. The Perspicuous and The Poignant: Two Aesthetic Fundamentals’ by J.N. Findlay
from The British Journal of Aesthetics, 7,1, 1967 (8pages).
ii) Forms of Creativity and Comparision of Art, Craft, Popular Art and Commercial Art
and Cultural Representation of Art
Essential Readings:
1. ‘The Idea of Art’ by Paul Valery from Aesthetics, translated by R. Mankein.
Routledge and Kegan Paul: London, 1964. Pp.70-79. (Including discussion on Art
and Craft)
2. An Approach to Indian Art, Nihar Ranjan Ray, Publication Bureau, Chandigarh,
1975. Chapters, 4 and 10. Chapter 4 elucidates ‘Nature and Essence in Indian Art’
and chapter-10 refers to ‘Social Content in Art’.
iii) Art for the Sake of Art in comparision to Art in relation to social-moral responsibility
or Ideology
Essential Readings:
1. ‘The Work of Art’ by Jean Paul Sartre from The Psychology of Imagination,
Rider: London, 1950. 6 pages.
2. The Naked and the Nude’ by Kenneth Clarke from The Nude, 1956.
iv) Art as Spiritual experience; The Indian View of Art:
Essential Readings:
1. Transformation of Nature in Art, And K Coomarswamy, Munshiram Manoharlal,
1974. Cheapter-1, ‘Theory of Art in Asia’.
2. Art Experience, M. Hiryanna, Kavalya Publishers.1954.
3. Bharata’sNatyashastra by KapilaVatsayan
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
v) Art in relation to communication/The social/cultural representation in Arts like
Cinema and theatre
Essential Readings:
1. Philosophy Goes to The Movies: Introduction to Philosophy by Christopher
Falzon, Routledge (relevant portions)
2. The Theatre of the Absurd by Martin Esslin (the book that coined the term theatre
of the absurd). Pelican Books, 1980. (Relevant pages)
3. Spectres of Sensibility: The Bollywood Film, Vijay Mishra, Routledge, London,
2009. (Relevant portions)
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL AC 2. Issues in Applied Ethics
A. Human Rights and Human Moral Obligations
Maurice Cranston, ‘What are Human Rights’, Daedalus, Vol.112 No.4
Fall 1983.
David Lyons, ‘The Co-relativity of Rights and Duties’, Nous,Vol.4, No.1
Feb.1970. pp45-55.
B. Applying Ethics
James Rachels, A Short Introduction to Moral Philosophy*
Rajendra Prasad, Applying Ethics: Modes, Motives and Levels of Commitment in
Shashi Motilal (ed.) Applied Ethics and Human Rights: Conceptual Analysis and
Contextual Applications, London; Anthem Press 2010.
C. Human Rights Issues in Applied Ethics
I Abortion
Readings: Don Marquis, Why Abortion is Immoral*
Judith Jarvis Thompson, A Defence of Abortion*
II World Poverty and Moral Obligation to help the Needy
Readings:
Peter Singer, Famine, Affluence, and Morality#
John Arthur, World Hunger and Moral Obligation: The Case againstSinger#
III Capital Punishment
Readings:
Ernest van den Haag, In Defense of the Death Penalty*
Hugo Adam Bedau, The Case Against the Death Penalty*
*Available in James Rachels and Stuart Rachels (eds.), The Right Thing to Do Basic Readings in Moral
Philosophy, 4th edition. McGraw Hill 2007
# Available in Christina Sommers and Fred Sommers(eds.) Vice and Virtue in Everyday Life:
Introductory Readings in Ethics 7th edition Thompson Wadsworth 2007
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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHILOSOPHY
PHIL AC 3 Applied Course: Bioethics
Units Topic Page No.
UNIT 1
UNIT 2 What is ethics? 7
UNIT 3
UNIT 4: What is bioethics? 10
UNIT 5 Human dignity and human rights (Article 3) 13
UNIT 6
UNIT 7 Benefit and harm (Article 4) 17
UNIT 8
Autonomy and individual responsibility (Article 5) 23
UNIT 9
UNIT 10 Consent (Article 6) 27
UNIT 11
UNIT 12 Persons without the capacity to consent (Article 7) 33
UNIT 13
UNIT 14 Respect for human vulnerability and personal integrity (Article 8) 38
UNIT 15
UNIT 16 Privacy and confidentiality (Article 9) 42
UNIT 17
Equality, justice and equity (Article 10) 46
Non-discrimination and non-stigmatization (Article 11) 49
Respect for cultural diversity and pluralism (Article 12) 53
Solidarity and cooperation (Article 13) 56
Social responsibility and health (Article 14) 59
Sharing of benefits (Article 15) 65
Protecting future generations (Article 16) 73
Protection of the environment, the biosphere 77
and biodiversity (Article 17)
Need for bioethics.Discussion on the UNESCO website for bioethics
http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social‐and‐human‐sciences/themes/bioethics/
36