Laida AlAhmary
January 14, 2016
Language Arts
Mr. Haas
A Journey through Saudi Arabia
By Laida AlAhmary
History and Royal Family
Chapter 1 :
Before it was discovered, Saudi Arabia was a plain desert. It was populated by Nomadic
Tribal Tribes, before people came into the picture. It was not named an official country until
1938. Petroleum was also discovered in 1938. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in
1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests
beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of
Saud. In 1976, Saudi Arabia became the national worldwide oil producer. The emergence of the
Saudi dynasty began in central Arabia in 1744. In that year, Muhammad ibn Saud, the tribal ruler
of the town of AdDir'iyyah near Riyadh, joined forces with the religious leader Muhammad ibn
AbdalWahhab, the founder of the Wahhabi movement – a radical form of Islam. In the 7th
century Saudi it became the cradle of Islam and the first center of the Arab Empire. From the
mid20th century the discovery of vast oil deposits propelled it into a key economic and
geopolitical role. The human history of the region that is now Saudi Arabia extends as far as
20,000 years ago. From the 7th century the cities for Medinah, and Meccah had the highest
significance for the muslim world. Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam, was born in Mecca in
about 570 and first began preaching in the city in 610, but migrated to Medina in 622. From
there, he and his companions united the tribes of Arabia under the banner of Islam and created a
single Arab Muslim religious polity in the Arabian Peninsula. Before there was cars, the
bedouins of Saudi Arabia ( very historical rich nomadic tribe people), rode on camels. Infact, if
you go deep in the desert today you would probably find people still on camels. Every country
has some kind of government, Saudi Arabia has a monarchy. Ever since it was named an official
country, Saudi has been a monarchy country. The same family has been ruling Saudi for the past
70 years, House of Saud. House of Saud is the ruling family of Saudi Arabia. The family has
thousands of family members, which is composed by the descendants of Muhammed bin Saud
and his brothers. But the ruling family is lead by the descendants of Abdulaziz ibn Saud. The
most influential person in the family is the king, which currently is Salman bin Abdulaziz Al
Saud. The throne was designed to pass from one son to the first king. Future Saudi kings will be
chosen by a committee of Saudi princes, in line with a 2006 Royal Decree. The family is
estimated to be composed by 15,000 members, but the majority of wealth and power is only
composed of about 2,000 members. The family had troubles with the Ottoman Empire, the Sharif
of Makkah, the Al Rashid family, and numerous amounts of Islamic groups inside and outside of
Saudi Arabia. The modern house of Saud was established in 1932. The emergence of what was
to become the Saudi royal family, known as the Al Saud, began in Nejd in central Arabia in
1744, when Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the dynasty, joined forces with the religious leader
Muhammad ibn Abd alWahhab, founder of the Wahhabi movement, a strict puritanical form of
Sunni Islam.
C hapter 2: Culture and Religion
Have you ever wondered what people in other countries do? Or what they believe in?
The most populates religion in Saudi Arabia is Islam ( muslims). The culture in Saudi is rich. It
has been shaped by Islamic Heritage. Saudi’s historical role as an ancient trade center, had
bedouin traditions. Saudi Society has experienced tremendous development over the past several
decades. The culture of Saudi Arabia is Arab and Islam, and is deeply religious. It is also
conservative, traditional, and extremely family oriented. Many traditions and altitudes are
centuries old, derived from arab civilizations. Its culture has been affected by rapid change. The
country was transformed from an impoverished nomadic society into a rich commodity producer
in just a few years in the 1970’s. There are many limitations on behaviour and dress, they are
strictly enforced both legally and socially, often more than other muslim countries. Alcohol
beverages are prohibited as well as as pork. They are prohibited due to the Holy Quran ( the
Islamic book passed down from god, to prophet Muhammed). In the Quran it states this "He has
only forbidden to you dead animals, blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been dedicated
to other than Allah". (Al Baqara 2:173)
"Prohibited to you are dead animals, blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been
dedicated to other than Allah , and [those animals] killed by strangling or by a violent blow or
by a headlong fall or by the goring of horns, and those from which a wild animal has eaten,
except what you [are able to] slaughter [before its death], and those which are sacrificed on
stone altars, and [prohibited is] that you seek decision through divining arrows. That is grave
disobedience". (AlMā'idah 5:3)
Say, "I do not find within that which was revealed to me [anything] forbidden to one who would
eat it unless it be a dead animal or blood spilled out or the flesh of swine for indeed, it is
impure or it be [that slaughtered in] disobedience, dedicated to other than Allah" (Al'An`ām
6:145).
"He has only forbidden to you dead animals, blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been
dedicated to other than Allah". (AnNaĥl 16:115)
This is a passage from Quran that states why pork is haram. Basically pork is haram
because it is not pure nor clean, as well as its blood is not clean, and it is slaughtered in the
haram way. Muslims would say, Allah would like us to eat pure, clean food, and pork is against
that. The reason why alcohol is haram and prohibited is because in the Quran it states that
“alcohol is the satan’s handwork”. The Qur'an outlines that it is the intoxication, which makes
one forgetful of God and prayer, which is harmful. In Saudi it is illegal to import, produce, and
consume it. The main reason
why alcohol is banned in
Saudi Arabia is because, it is
going against the Quran and
Allah’s rules. Daily life is
dominated by Islamic Observance.
In Saudi Arabia religion affects life very much so, mostly for the women. Women in
Saudi Arabia are very limited in freedom. They have to be covered from head to toe in abaya, ( a
black cloth that covers every part of skin), as well
as they have to cover their face.
Chapter 3: Climate and Environment
There are many types of weather and
environment all over the world. Saudi Arabia has a very interesting weather concept.It is hot !
There is one word to describe the climate in Saudi it’s HOT. The hottest it has ever been in
Saudi is on June 22, 2010, with a reading of 52.0°C (125.6°F) in Jeddah, the second largest city
in Saudi Arabia ...The record heat was accompanied by a sandstorm, which caused eight power
plants to go offline, resulting in blackouts to several Saudi cities. The average everyday normal
temperature would be 45 degrees celsius. It is warm during the day, and breezy throughout the
night.
The environment is very dry and sandy. Considering that Saudi is a desert. It is a desert climate
subsided by extreme heat during the summer, with very, very low amounts of rainfall. Many
people think that because Saudi Arabia is known to be hot that it can never be cold. That is not
necessarily the case. On January 13, 2008, the temperature was recorded to be 11C (12F). As
well as in the winter temperature can drop below 0 degrees celsius. But, mainly it is very hot,
and that is the very standard weather/climate in Saudi. Saudi Arabia has a desert climate
structured by extreme heat during the day, and low drops in temperature at night, and very low
annual rainfall.
Two main differences in Saudi Arabia’s climate is between the coastal areas and the interior.
Because Saudi Arabia is a desert it faces major environmental issues. Some of these include
major burning sun rays, and desertification. Desertification is the absolute major environmental
issue facing Saudi Arabia. This has been an issue since 1973. Only 0.1 percent of this country is
forested, although the government conducts a reforestation program.
Chapter 4: Oil
Have you ever thought about
which country is the largest producer
of oil? The answer to that question is
Saudi Arabia, well second largest.
This country has the second largest oil
reserves in the world, with a
whopping 268 billion barrels. Oil first became known in Saudi, in 1938, when social discovered
large quantities of oil in Dammam. It all started when the California Arabian Standard oil
company developed the ol concession, it joined with the Texas Oil Company, were it later
formed an even larger development named CALTEX in 1936 to take advantage of marketing
network in Asia and Africa.
Geologists were on the hunt to find oil they drilled everywhere when they identified a
sight called “Dammam n7”. The Chief Geologist named Max Steineke, encouraged the fellow
geologists and the fellow drillers to drill and dig even more into the ground. They drilled for
weeks until finally on March 3, 1938 they drillers struck oil. Eventually this lead to revealing the
largest source of crude oil in the world. For the king, oil revenues became a crucial source of
wealth since he no longer had to rely on receipts from pilgrimages to Mecca. This discovery
would alter Middle Eastern political relations forever.
Saudi Arabia Imports oil all around the world, any country you could think of it will most likely
deliver to. People might think think that trade in oil is common and many countries do that
because Saudi Arabia is a desert. But Saudi Arabia Imports oil or exports it via ship, then
countries then collect the oil.
Oil is basically why the foundation of Saudi Arabia is ranked so high, because Saudi Arabia
has the second most oil in the world, alongside Venezuela. Many people are immigrated to
Saudi because of the oil revenues, and opportunities. Companies will send people to talk oil or to
do business in Saudi so they have people their, knowing where the oil is and as well as collecting
it.
Chapter 5: Places to visit
The Eiffel Tower, Burj Khalifa, the Statue of Liberty, all of these magnificent places
come from different countries. Likewise, Saudi has some of its own places to visit. Some of
these come from religious beliefs believed by many to be dated more than thousands of years, all
they way up to recent venues , as recent as three years.
If you are from Saudi or if you’re familiar with the culture and the area. You know that the
most visited places in Saudi Arabia are the malls. If you ask an immigrant or someone that is not
familiar with with the country, they will almost always say malls. Even Saudi born people, that is
the most visited place. People from Dubai and Kuwait drive all this way to Saudi just for the
shopping. There are many malls all across Saudi, hundreds and thousand , and maybe even tens
of thousands.
If you like nature then you would most likely want to go to Abha, and Taif, cities in Saudi.
Abha is most known for its beautiful mountains, markets, and nature. As well as the monkeys on
the streets. Yes, there are actual real wild monkeys on the street. They have beautiful resorts you
could stay in if you wanted to go on a hike. In Taif it is mostly markets but they are located on
the seaside, you could be shopping and enjoying the ocean, as well as the history. Taif is known
for its incredible history. But if you wanted to enjoy a night away from the city, Yanbu is the
way to go. Yanbu is located thirtysix kilometers away from the industrial city. It is frequently
visited by many tourists, due to the amount of beaches it includes.
Although many people enjoy the nature , many as well love the city. If you are more of a city
person, then the right boat for you would be Dammam, Jeddah, and Riyadh. All of these are near
each other, while their still cities. Dammam is great for the nice historical markets, but it also has
many shops that are very recent. If you like to shop until you drop then fly to Jeddah. It has
many, many shops and malls, as well as fantastic restaurants, if you are into that. Lastly, Riyadh.
Riyadh is known by many, many people. It has everything, from restaurants, to malls, to outlets ,
it is just the main and well known Capital of Saudi Arabia it is just the capital for shopping. It
has anything you could imagine. It is jaw dropping the amount of money wasted by shopping
their. Riyadh also is the first city in all of Saudi Arabia to get supplied with electronics,
shopping, stores, anything you can name.
These are just ⅛ of the amount you could
get from Saudi Arabia , there are still many
more places to visit.
Chapter 6: Cultural/Special Food
Every country has their own special foods that that specific country is known for. For
example, French are known for their fantastic pastries. Saudi Arabia is a very cultural country. It
has many foods that are known. These foods have been around for centuries, partially becasue
Saudi is a very traditional country.
The first food is called Kabsa. Kabsa is a mixture of rice, with meat on the top of it. The meat
generally would be camel meat, lamb meat, chicken, cow meat, and many others. Although
many people do not travel here for the food, it is still delicious. Kabsa is usually served for lunch
and dinner, but in the holidays celebrated by muslims named Eid, it is the main dish, but instead
of the other meats the meat they use is lamb.
The second food is called Margoog. This dish is one of the most traditional dishes in Saudi
Arabia, it has been served for centuries. and hundreds of years This dish is basically chicken or
any other meat, stew with vegetables. Thin pieces of homemade wheat bread are placed at the
top of this dish. This delicacy is very time consuming due to the cooking of the meat, and
allowing the spices to really just mix in with the dish.
The next dish is called Asida. This dish goes back all the way to the bedouin days in Saudi.
This traditional favorite is made by using dough and lamb meat. The dough is poached, so that it
is still soft. The lamb meat is made into a broth. When both of those are finished, you eat the
dish. But this is not really confusing. To eat this dish , take the dough and make it into the shape
of a nest, then use that nest to collect the broth from the lamb that was cooked. It acts like a soup
bowl, scooping the broth and the meat up with it.
Of course everything has to end with something sweet, dessert. In Saudi Arabia,
deserts are limited, this is because Saudi citizens like to eat more hearted dishes, and rarely focus
on dessert. But there is one dessert that is extremely traditional. They are dates. Dates? Yes,
dates , but not the one where you leave the house with someone, the kind that grow on trees. If
Saudi people chose one thing to eat for the rest of their lives it would be dates. Dates go back to
thousands of years. They are not just a food to Saudi’s, they involve religion as well. It was said
that the Prophet Muhammed (PBUH), said for his followers to eat seven dates daily. This has
influenced many people. Dates grow on trees, but there are many types. The one that is most
eaten in Saudi, are known as Rutab. This type of date is colored, have dark, but at the top they
are yellow. They are a hard date, and barely in season. They are eaten with Arabic coffee, due to
the sweetness
level.
Ending
Well, since everything someone needs to know before travelling to Saudi Arabia is
covered. What are you waiting for ? Book your plane ticket, and maybe you can learn something
yourself about this country!
Sources
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"SaudiArabia Weather." Climate of the World:. N.p., n.d. Web.
"Where to Visit." N.p., n.d. Web
"Travel Places in Saudi Arabia Lonely Planet." Lonely Planet. N.p., n.d. Web.
"Arabian Cuisine." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web.
“Google images” Google Images n.d. Web.