skema Sains Process skill bab 5 jirim

TEMA 3 : Penerokaan Unsur dalam Alam

Bidang Pembelajaran Jirim

5BAB Matter

Konsep PENTING
IMPORTANT concepts

contoh Sifat fizik Sifat kimia Pengasingan bahan
examples Physical properties Chemical properties dalam campuran
Separation of the
Faktor Takat lebur dan as substances in a
penghubung takat didih Pengaratan dan mixture
Relating factor Melting and boiling pembakaran as
points Rusting and Berdasarkan
combustion ketumpatan dan
takat didih
Based on the density
and boiling point

Perubahan keadaan

Tiga keadaan jirim jirim
The three states of
contoh matter Kadar resapan Changes of state of
examples
Pepejal, cecair dan The rate of diffusion matter
Faktor gas
penghubung Solid, liquid and gas as as
Relating factor
Lebih perlahan dalam Pendidihan dan

pepejal daripada kondensasi

cecair Boiling and

Slower in a solid than condensation

in a liquid

APAKAH JIRIM?
WHAT IS MATTER?

Semua benda hidup dan benda bukan hidup yang terdapat di sekeliling anda terdiri daripada jirim.
Tahukah anda, udara malah bakteria seni yang tidak dapat dilihat dengan mata kasar juga terdiri
daripada jirim? Apakah yang membentuk jirim?
All living and non-living things that you see around you consist of matter. Did you know that air and even
minute bacteria which cannot be seen with the naked eye are also made of matter? What is matter
made up of?

63

NOTA BESTARI

BAB Jirim Matter
1. All living and non-living things which are matter have
1. Semua benda hidup dan benda bukan hidup adalah
jirim yang mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi ruang. mass and occupy space.
2. According to the kinetic theory of matter, matter is
2. Mengikut teori kinetik jirim, jirim terdiri daripada
zarah-zarah yang sangat kecil dan diskret kerana made up of very small and discrete particles because
terdapat ruang di antaranya. there are spaces between them.
3. These small particles are the basic units of matter and
3. Zarah-zarah kecil ini merupakan unit asas bagi jirim are known as atoms. Atoms are the smallest particles
dan dikenal sebagai atom. Atom ialah zarah yang and all substances are made up of atoms.
paling kecil dan semua bahan dibina daripada atom. 4. Physical properties of matter can be observed or
measured without changing the composition of
4. Sifat fizik suatu jirim dapat diperhatikan atau diukur matter. Examples of physical properties of matter are
tanpa mengubah komposisinya. Contoh sifat fizikal hardness, colour, odour (smell), solubility, melting,
jirim adalah kekerasan, warna, bau, kebolehan melarut, freezing and boiling points, heat conductivity, density,
takat lebur, takat beku, takat didih, kekonduksian haba, and viscosity.
ketumpatan dan kelikatan. 5. A chemical property is the ability of matter to change
into other substances. Examples of chemical properties
5. Sifat kimia adalah kebolehan suatu jirim berubah of matter are rusting, flammability and oxidation.
menjadi bahan lain. Contoh sifat kimia adalah
pengaratan, kebolehbakaran dan pengoksidaan. Separation of Substances by Using Various
Properties
Pengasingan Bahan daripada Pelbagai Ciri 1. The different substances in a mixture can be classified

5 1. Bahan-bahan berlainan dalam suatu campuran boleh according to their properties.
dikelaskan berdasarkan ciri bahan tersebut. 2. Properties that can be used for this purpose include
2. Ciri-ciri yang dapat digunakan untuk tujuan tersebut
termasuklah ketumpatan, takat lebur, takat didih, the density, melting and boiling points, and solubility.
dan keterlarutan.
Changes of State of Matter
Perubahan Keadaan Jirim 1. Matter exists in three states, which are the solid, liquid

1. Jirim boleh wujud dalam tiga keadaan, iaitu pepejal, or gaseous states.
cecair atau gas. 2. The arrangement of the particles in matter determines

2. Susunan zarah-zarah dalam jirim menentukan keadaan the state of matter whether it is solid, liquid or gas.
suatu jirim sama ada pepejal, cecair atau gas. 3. The change of state of matter involves absorption or

3. Perubahan keadaan jirim melibatkan penyerapan release of heat.
atau pembebasan haba. 4. The temperature remains unchanged during a change

4. Takat suhu tidak berubah semasa perubahan keadaan of state of matter such as melting.
jirim seperti peleburan. 5. Examples of the changes of state of matter in everyday

5. Contoh-contoh perubahan keadaan jirim dalam life include the sublimation of dry ice on the stage and
kehidupan harian termasuklah pemejalwapan ais the freezing of water to form ice.
kering di atas pentas dan pembekuan air membentuk
ais. The Movement of Particles in Matter
1. Diffusion takes place very slowly in the solid state
Pergerakan Zarah-zarah dalam Jirim
because the particles in solids are arranged close to
1. Resapan berlaku dengan paling perlahan dalam one another.
keadaan pepejal kerana zarah-zarah pepejal tersusun 2. Particles diffuse slowly through a liquid.
rapat antara satu dengan yang lain. 3. Particles diffuse the fastest in the gaseous state
because the space are the biggest in the gaseous
2. Zarah-zarah meresap perlahan dalam cecair. state.
3. Zarah-zarah meresap paling laju dalam keadaan gas

disebabkan ruang yang paling besar dalam keadaan
gas.

Nota Grafik

64

5.1 EKSPERIMEN Standard Kandungan Tarikh:
5.1 Jirim dalam alam
KBAT INKUIRI PBD
Jirim mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi ruang Penemuan

Matter has mass and occupies space Inkuiri
Buku teks m/s 139 – 140 Aktiviti 5.1

Tujuan Menunjukkan jirim mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi ruang
To show that matter has mass and occupies space

Bahan dan Dua biji belon, air, benang, pita selofan, kertas tisu, daun, pembaris meter, jarum, kaki
Radas retort dan pengapit, besen, gelas, penimbang digital
Two balloons, water, thread, sellotape, tissue paper, leaves, metre rule, needle, retort stand
and clamp, basin, glass, digital balance

Prosedur Jalankan aktiviti dalam jadual. Nyatakan pemerhatian anda dan berikan sebab.
Carry out the activities in the table. State your observations and give reasons.

Aktiviti/Activity Pemerhatian/Observation

1 Udara di dalam belon Q
terlepas dan pembaris
Pembaris meter condong ke sebelah
kiri .
Benang Metre rule
The air in balloon Q escapes
Thread Pita selofan and the ruler tilts to the
Sellotape
left .
Belon Q Jarum/needle
P Balloon Sebab/Reason:
Udara mempunyai jisim
• Sediakan susunan radas seperti di atas. BAB
Set up the apparatus as shown above. Air has mass
5
• Imbangkan dua biji belon pada pembaris meter.
Balance two balloons on a metre rule.

• Gunakan jarum untuk mencucuk belon Q
melalui pita selofan.
Use a needle to prick balloon Q through the
sellotape.

2 Ditekan Kertas tisu tidak basah .
Air tidak memasuki bikar.
Kertas tisu Pressed
The tissue paper is not wet .
Tissue paper

Besen/Basin

Bikar/Beaker Water does not enter the
beaker.
Air/Water

• Tekan sebuah bikar kosong yang mengandungi Sebab/Reason:
kertas tisu ke dalam sebuah besen yang berisi Udara memenuhi ruang
air.
Press an empty beaker containing tissue paper Air occupies space
into a basin of water.

3 Neraca digital menunjukkan
bacaan .
• Timbangkan beberapa helai daun dengan
sebuah neraca digital. The digital balance show a
Weight a few pieces of leaves using a digital reading .
balance.
Sebab/Reason: jisim
Daun mempunyai mass
The leaves have

65

Perbincangan 1 Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan jirim? TP1
What is meant by matter?
Jirim ialah bahan yang mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi ruang .
Matter is a substance which has mass and occupies space .

2 Berikan tiga objek di sekeliling anda yang mempunyai jisim dan memenuhi ruang.
Give three objects around you which have mass and occupy space. TP1
Meja, pen dan kerusi (sebarang objek)

Table, pen and chair (any object)

3 Lengkapkan peta buih di bawah dengan contoh jirim dengan menggunakan perkataan
yang diberi. TP1
Complete the bubble map below with the examples of matter using the words given.

Asap/Smoke Air/Water Bunyi/Sound Benang/Thread
Cahaya/Light Tanah/Soil Haba/Heat Graviti/Gravity

Asap
Smoke

BAB

5 Tanah Jirim Air
Soil Matter Water

Benang
Thread

4 Berikan sebab-sebab yang menerangkan aktiviti-aktiviti yang berikut. TP2
Give reasons that explain the following activities.
(a) (b)

Neraca tuas menunjukkan bacaan jisim. Belon
The lever balance shows a reading of Balloon
mass.
Seorang budak lelaki meniup sebiji belon.
Sebab/Reason: A boy blows a balloon.

Benda hidup mempunyai jisim . Sebab/Reason:
Udara memenuhi ruang .
has mass Air occupies space .

A living thing .

Kesimpulan Benda hidup dan benda bukan hidup mempunyai jisim dan

memenuhi ruang .

Living things and non-living things have mass and occupy

space . Praktis
Kendiri

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5.2 EKSPERIMEN Sifat fizik dan sifat kimia jirim Tarikh:
KBAT INKUIRI Physical and chemical properties of matter
PBD
Penemuan

Inkuiri
Buku teks m/s 140 – 142

Tujuan Mengkaji sifat fizik dan sifat kimia jirim
To study the physical and chemical properties of matter

Bahan dan Air suling, air, kiub ais, serbuk garam biasa, etanol, rod kuprum, rod kaca, paku tekan,
Radas lilin, spatula, tabung didih, termometer, bikar 250 ml, penunu Bunsen, tungku kaki tiga,
kasa dawai, kayu, mangkuk penyejat
Distilled water, water, ice cube, common salt powder, ethanol, copper rod, glass rod, thumbtack,
wax, spatula, boiling tube, thermometer, 250 ml beaker, Bunsen burner, tripod stand, wire
gauze, wood, evaporating dish

Prosedur 1 Jalankan aktiviti-aktiviti dalam jadual di bawah.
Carry out the activities in the table below.

2 Perhatikan perubahan dan nyatakan jenis sifat yang dikaji sama ada sifat fizik atau
sifat kimia.
Observe the changes and, state the types of properties studied whether physical property
or chemical property.

Aktiviti Pemerhatian dan jenis sifat
Activity Observations and types of
properties
BAB
A. Takat lebur dan takat didih • Takat lebur ais = 0 °C
The melting and boiling points °C 5
Melting point of ice
Kasa dawai Termometer • Takat didih air = 100
Wire gauze Thermometer
Boiling point of water
Bikar
Beaker • Bahan baharu
Kiub ais
Ice cubes tidak terbentuk .

Tungku kaki tiga A new substance is
Tripod stand not formed .

Jenis sifat/Type of property:

Panaskan/Heat Sifat fizik
Physical property

1 Sediakan susunan radas seperti yang ditunjukkan
dalam rajah di atas.
Set up the apparatus as shown in the above diagram.

2 Rekodkan takat lebur ais.
Record the melting point of ice.

3 Kemudian, panaskan kiub ais sehingga air yang
terbentuk mendidih.
Then, heat the ice cubes until the water formed boils.

4 Rekodkan takat didih air.
Record the boiling point of water.

B. Pengaratan Bahan baharu terbentuk .
Rusting A new substance is

Perhatikan paku besi yang formed .
berkarat.
Observe rusty iron nails. Jenis sifat/Type of property:

Sifat kimia
Chemical property

67

Aktiviti Pemerhatian dan jenis sifat
Activity Observations and types of
properties

C. Kekonduksian haba/Heat conductivity • Paku tekan jatuh .
The thumbtack drops .
Kayu Rod kuprum/Copper rod
Wood Lilin/wax • Bahan baharu

Penunu Paku tekan/Thumbtack tidak terbentuk .
Bunsen not
Bunsen A new substance is
Burner formed .

1 Sediakan susunan radas seperti di atas. Jenis sifat/Type of property:
Set up the apparatus as shown above.
Sifat fizik
2 Lekatkan satu paku tekan pada hujung rod kuprum. Physical property
Attach a thumbtack at one end of the copper rod.

3 Panaskan satu hujung lain rod.
Heat the other end of the rod.

4 Rekodkan pemerhatian./Record the observation.

D. Kebolehan melarut/The solubility • Serbuk garam biasa

Tabung Goncang sedikit serbuk melarut dalam air.

didih garam biasa dalam air dan The common salt powder

BAB Boiling rekodkan pemerhatian. dissolves in water.
tube
Shake some common salt
• Bahan baharu
powder in water and record
5 Air tidak terbentuk .
Water the observation. not
A new substance is
Serbuk garam formed .
biasa
Common salt

powder Jenis sifat/Type of property:

Sifat fizik
Physical property

E. Kebolehbakaran/Flammability • Etanol terbakar .

Nyalaan/Flame The ethanol burns .

Etanol/Ethanol • Bahan baharu terbentuk .

1 Tuangkan sedikit etanol ke dalam mangkuk A new substance is formed .
penyejat dan nyalakannya./Pour some ethanol into
an evaporating dish and lit it. Jenis sifat/Type of property:

2 Rekodkan pemerhatian./Record the observation. Sifat kimia
Chemical property

Perbincangan 1 Nyatakan dua sifat jirim. TP1
State the two properties of matter.
Praktis Sifat fizik dan sifat kimia./Physical and chemical properties.
Kendiri
2 Kenal pasti sifat yang diberi sama ada sifat fizik (F) atau sifat kimia (K). TP2

Identify the given properties whether it is physical (P) or chemical properties (C).

(a) Ketumpatan/Density (F/P) (d) Pengoksidaan/Oxidation (K/C)

(b) Keracunan/Toxicity (K/C) (e) Pereputan/Decay (K/C)

(c) Kemuluran/Ductile (F/P) (f) Keradioaktifan/Radioactivity (K/C)

Kesimpulan Sifat fizik jirim tidak melibatkan pembentukan bahan baharu manakala

sifat kimia jirim melibatkan pembentukan bahan baharu.

Physical properties do not involve the formation of new substances while

chemical properties involve the formation of new substances.

68

Tarikh:

5.3 EKSPERIMEN Pengelasan bahan berdasarkan pelbagai ciri PBD
INKUIRI Penemuan
KBAT Classification of subtances based on various properties
Inkuiri
Tujuan
Buku teks m/s 144 Aktiviti 5.3

Mengelaskan bahan berdasarkan perbezaan sifat fizik daripada aspek ketumpatan dan
keterlarutan dalam air
To classify the substances based on the difference in physical properties in the aspect of
density and solubility in water

Bahan dan Pasir, guli, ranting kayu, lilin, gabus, garam, gula, alkohol, minyak masak, air, bikar, rod
Radas kaca
Sand, marble, twig, candle, cork, salt, sugar, alcohol, cooking oil, water, beaker, glass rod

Prosedur 1 Masukkan bahan-bahan dalam jadual di bawah satu demi satu ke dalam sebuah bikar
yang berisi air. Minyak masak dimasukkan pada akhir sekali.
Put the substances in the table below one by one, into the beaker containing water. The
cooking oil is put last.

2 Rekodkan pemerhatian anda dengan menandakan:
Rekod your observations by putting a:

Jika bahan itu terapung (kurang tumpat daripada air) atau larut dalam air

✓ (dikacau dengan rod kaca).
If the substance floats (less dense than water) or dissolve in water (is stirred
BAB
with a glass rod).

Jika bahan itu tenggelam dalam air (lebih tumpat daripada air) atau tidak 5

✗ larut dalam air.
If the substance sinks in water (denser than water) or does not dissolve in

water.

Pemerhatian Bahan Terapung (kurang tumpat daripada air) Larut dalam air
Substances Float (less dense than water) Dissolve in water

Pasir ✗ ✗
Sand ✗
✗
Guli ✗ ✗
Marble ✗
✓
Ranting kayu ✓ ✓
Twig ✓
✗
Lilin ✓
Candle

Gabus ✓
Cork

Garam –
Salt

Gula –
Sugar

Alkohol –
Alcohol

Minyak masak ✓
Cooking oil

69

Perbincangan 1 Apakah sifat-sifat fizik bahan yang dikaji dalam aktiviti ini? TP1
What are the physical properties studied in this activity?
Ketumpatan dan keterlarutan dalam air

The density and the solubility in water.

2 Mengapakah sifat-sifat bahan di soalan 1 merupakan satu sifat fizik? TP2
Why are the properties of matter in question 1 is a physical property?
Bahan baharu tidak terbentuk .
A new substance is not formed .

3 Kelaskan bahan-bahan dalam aktiviti ini daripada aspek ketumpatan dan keterlarutan
dalam air dalam peta pokok dan peta dakap di bawah. TP2
Classify the substances in this activity in the aspect of density and the solubility in water,
in the tree map and brace map below.
(a) Berdasarkan ketumpatan.
Based on density

Bahan-bahan/Substances

BAB Kurang tumpat daripada air Lebih tumpat daripada air

Less dense than water Denser than water

5 Ranting kayu/Twig Pasir/Sand

Lilin/Candle Guli/Marble

Minyak masak/Cooking oil

Gabus/Cork

(b) Berdasarkan keterlarutan dalam air
Based on the solubility in water

Larut dalam air Garam/Salt
Soluble in water Gula/Sugar
Alkohol/Alcohol

Bahan-bahan
Substances

Tidak larut dalam air Pasir/Sand
Insoluble in water Guli/Marble
Ranting kayu/Twig
Lilin/Candle
Minyak masak/Cooking oil
Gabus/Cork

Kesimpulan Bahan-bahan boleh dikelaskan berdasarkan perbezaan sifat fizik daripada aspek
ketumpatan dan keterlarutan dalam air .

Substances can be classified based on the difference in physical properties, in the aspect of
density and solubility in water .

70

Standard Kandungan Tarikh:
5.2 Tiga keadaan jirim

5.4 EKSPERIMEN Zarah-zarah seni dan diskret membentuk jirim PBD
INKUIRI Penemuan
KBAT Tiny and discrete particles form a matter
Inkuiri
Tujuan
Buku teks m/s 145 –146

Menunjukkan bahawa jirim terdiri daripada zarah-zarah seni yang diskret
To show that matter are made up of tiny and discrete particles

Bahan dan Air, hablur kuprum(II) sulfat, bikar
Radas Water, copper(II) sulphate crystals, beaker

Prosedur

Air
Water

Hablur kuprum(II) sulfat
Copper(II) sulphate crystals

1 Kacau beberapa ketul hablur kuprum(II) sulfat di dalam sebuah bikar yang berisi air BAB
dan catatkan pemerhatian.
Stir a few pieces of copper(II) sulphate crystals in a beaker containing water and record 5
the observation.

2 Tambahkan air ke dalam bikar sehingga penuh dan perhatikan sebarang perubahan
pada warna larutan.
Add water to the beaker until it is full and observe any change in the solution.

Pemerhatian 1 Sebelum ditambah air, larutan biru tua terbentuk.
Perbincangan Before adding water, a dark blue solution is formed.

2 Selepas ditambah air, larutan biru muda kelihatan.
After adding water, a light blue solution appears.

1 Apakah yang membentuk jirim? TP1 .
What is matter made up of?
Zarah-zarah seni yang diskret
Tiny and discrete particles.

2 Jelaskan pemerhatian anda berdasarkan teori kinetik jirim selepas air ditambah ke
dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat. TP4/KBAT
Explain your observation based on the kinetic theory of matter after water is added into
copper(II) sulphate solution.

Jauh Seni Bergerak Diskret
Further Tiny Move Discrete

Kesimpulan Zarah-zarah seni dan diskret kuprum(II) sulfat bergerak secara rawak
pada semua arah dan lebih jauh antara satu dengan yang lain.
The tiny and discrete copper(II) sulphate particles always move randomly
in all directions and further among each other.

Jirim terdiri daripada zarah-zarah seni yang diskret .
Matter are made up of tiny and discrete particles.

71

5.5 AKTIVITI Perbezaan ciri-ciri jirim (pepejal, cecair dan gas) Tarikh:
PBD
KBAT PERBINCANGAN Different properties of matter (solid, liquid and gas)
Masteri
Lengkapkan jadual tentang perbezaan ciri jirim. TP2 Buku teks m/s 146 – 147
Complete the table on the differences between the properties of matter. HEBAT Sains Modul 18

Ciri-ciri/Property Pepejal/Solid Cecair/Liquid Gas/Gas

Rajah
Diagram

Praktis
Kendiri

1 Susunan zarah Sangat rapat Kurang rapat Berjauhan dan
Arrangement of tidak tersusun sama
particles dan tersusun dan tersusun secara
tidak teratur sekali
5 2 Pergerakan secara teratur Far apart and
zarah
Movement of Very close Further apart not arranged at all
particles
BAB and orderly and not orderly

arranged arranged

Bergetar pada Perlahan , secara Laju , secara
kedudukan tetap rawak dan rawak dan
berlanggaran berlanggaran
Vibrate at
fixed positions Slow , random Fast , random
and collide with one and collide with one

another another

3 Ruang antara Sangat kecil Kecil Besar
zarah/Spaces Very small Small Big
between particles

4 Tarikan antara Sangat kuat Lemah Sangat lemah
zarah/Attraction Very strong Weak Very weak
between particles
Sangat rendah Rendah Sangat tinggi
5 Tenaga kinetik Very low Low Very high
Kinetic energy
Tetap Mengikut bentuk bekas Mengikut bentuk bekas
6 Bentuk Fixed Follows the shape of Follows the shape of
Shape the container the container

7 Isi padu/Volume Tetap/Fixed Tetap/Fixed Tidak tetap/Not fixed

8 Kebolehmampatan Tidak boleh Sukar Boleh
Difficult Can
Compressibility Cannot

AKTIVITI HANDS-ON

Eksperimen Wajib 9: Kadar resapan zarah (rujuk silang m.s. 187 – 188)
Compulsory Experiment 9: The rate of diffusion of the particles (cross-reference pp. 187 – 188)

72

Tarikh:

5.6 AKTIVITI Perubahan keadaan jirim PBD
Kontekstual
KBAT PERBINCANGAN Changes in the state of matter

Buku teks m/s 151 – 153

1 Nyatakan proses yang terlibat dalam perubahan keadaan jirim. Kemudian, lengkapkan ruangan
berdasarkan teori kinetik jirim. TP4/KBAT
State the processes involved in the following changes of state of matter. Then, complete the spaces based
on the kinetic theory of matter.

Pemejalwapan Pembekuan Kondensasi Peleburan Bergetar
Sublimation Freezing Condensation Melting Vibrate

Pendidihan atau penyejatan Mendekati Menyerap Lebih cepat Membebaskan
Boiling or evaporation Closer Absorb Faster Release

Sangat perlahan Rapat Berjauhan
Very slowly Closer Further apart

P Solid/Pepejal T Proses/Process BAB
Q U P: Peleburan/Melting
R Q: Pembekuan/Freezing 5
Liquid/Cecair S Gas/Gas R: Pendidihan atau penyejatan

Boiling or evaporation
S: Kondensasi/Condensation
T: Pemejalwapan/Sublimation
U: Pemejalwapan/Sublimation

P Zarah menyerap haba dan bergetar lebih cepat.

Particles absorb heat and vibrate faster.

Q Zarah membebaskan haba dan bergerak sangat perlahan dan berkumpul rapat .
Particles release heat, and move very slowly and gather closer together.

R Zarah menyerap haba, bergerak lebih cepat dan berjauhan antara

satu dengan yang lain.

Particles absorb heat, move faster and further apart from one another.

S Zarah membebaskan haba dan mendekati antara satu dengan yang lain.

Particles release heat and move closer to each other.

2 Azlan memerhatikan termometer semasa proses peleburan ais dan pendidihan air seperti pada rajah
di bawah.
Azlan observed the thermometer during the melting of ice and boiling of water as shown in the diagram
below.

Termometer
Thermometer

Ais
Ice

73

Dia mendapati suhu ketika kedua-dua proses tersebut kekal tidak berubah. Terangkan apa yang
berlaku dengan memilih jawapan yang betul./He found that the temperatures during the two processes
remain unchanged. Explain what happens by choosing the correct answers. TP4/KBAT

Tenaga haba yang dibekalkan (diserap, dibebaskan) untuk mengatasi daya (tarikan, tolakan) antara
zarah-zarah. Zarah-zarah dapat bergerak dengan lebih (cepat, perlahan). Hal ini menyebabkan
perubahan keadaan jirim daripada (pepejal, cecair) kepada (pepejal, cecair) semasa peleburan dan
daripada (cecair, gas) kepada (cecair, gas) semasa pendidihan.
The heat energy supplied is (absorbed, released) to overcome the forces of (attraction, repulsion) between
the particles. The particles move (faster, slower). This results in a change of the state of matter from
(solid, liquid) to (solid, liquid) during melting or from (liquid, gas) to (liquid, gas) during boiling.

3 Rajandran mendapati bahawa jisim gula kekal tidak berubah walaupun dilarutkan dalam air seperti
yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah di bawah. Gurunya, Puan Hamidah menyatakan semua jisim bahan
adalah tidak berubah semasa perubahan fizik./Rajandran found that the mass of sugar remained
unchanged even when it was dissolved in water as shown in the diagram below. His teacher, Puan
Hamidah, states that all the mass of substances is unchanged during physical changes. TP4/KBAT

Rod kaca
Glass rod

BAB Air

Water Gula

Sugar Praktis
Kendiri
5 Berdasarkan pengetahuan anda tentang jirim, terangkan mengapa.
Based on your knowledge on matter, explain why.

Jisim adalah kekal tidak berubah kerana kuantiti zarah-zarah kekal tidak berubah . Perubahan

yang berlaku hanya pada tenaga kinetik zarah-zarah tersebut.

The mass remains unchanged as quantities of particles remains unchanged. The changes occur

only on the kinetic energy of the particles.

4 Nyatakan perubahan keadaan jirim yang berlaku dalam kehidupan harian seperti yang ditunjukkan
di bawah./State the changes of state of matter in everyday life as shown below. TP2

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Pembentukan awan. Penyediaan garam Ubat gegat mengecil. Air dipanaskan dalam
Formation of clouds. daripada air laut. Mothballs become cerek.
Preparation of salt smaller. Water is heated in a
Kondensasi from sea water. kettle.
Condensation Pemejalwapan
Penyejatan Sublimation Pendidihan
Evaporation Boiling

AKTIVITI HANDS-ON

Eksperimen Wajib 10 & 11: Suhu dan jisim kekal semasa perubahan fizik (rujuk silang m.s. 189 – 192)
Compulsory Experiment 10 & 11: The temperature and mass remain the same during physical change (cross-reference pp. 189 – 192)

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5PT3 PRAKTIS PENGUKUHAN KOMPONEN
PP

Arahan: Jawab semua soalan. 2 Rajah 2 menunjukkan seorang 3 Antara yang berikut, yang mana-
Instructions: Answer all questions. murid mengepam tayar basikal. kah merupakan sifat kimia jirim?
Diagram 2 shows a student Which of the following is the
Bahagian A/Section A pump the bicycle tyre. chemical properties of matter?
I Takat lebur/Melting point
1 Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan Rajah 2/Diagram 2 II Pengaratan/Rusting
zarah dalam jirim K, L dan M. III Pembakaran/Combusting
Diagram 1 shows the Antara yang berikut, yang IV Ketumpatan/Density
arrangement of particles in manakah menerangkan kenapa A I dan/and II
matters K, L and M. tayar basikal semakin B I dan/and IV
mengembang. C II dan/and III
KL M Which of the following explains D III dan/and IV
Rajah 1/Diagram 1 why the punctured tyre becomes
bigger? 4 Apakah perubahan keadaan
Which of the following A Udara mempunyai jisim jirim yang berlaku apabila BAB
substances are represented by seketul mentega dipanaskan
K, L and M? Air has mass di dalam kuali?
Antara bahan berikut, yang B Udara mempunyai berat What is the change in the state of
manakah diwakili oleh K, L dan matter that occurs when a piece
M? Air has weight of butter is heated in a pan?
C Udara memenuhi ruang A Peleburan
K LM Melting 5
Air occupies space B Penyejatan
A Air Oksigen Besi D Udara mengembang Evaporation
Water Oxygen Iron C Kondensasi
Air expands Condensation
B Hidrogen Minyak Kuprum D Pemejalwapan
Sublimation
Hydrogen Oil Copper

C Gula Ais Alkohol

Sugar Ice Alcohol

D Besi Alkohol Minyak

Iron Alcohol Oil

Bahagian B/Section B

1 (a) Jirim dibina daripada zarah-zarah seni yang diskret. Lengkapkan petak di bawah dengan perkataan yang
diberi. TP1
Matter are made up of tiny and discrete particles. Complete the boxes below with the word given.

Pepejal/Solid Cecair/Liquid

(i) Cecair/Liquid (ii) Pepejal/Solid

[2 markah/2 marks]

(b) Lengkapkan pernyataan di bawah./Complete the statements below. TP2

Zarah-zarah gas berjauhan antara satu dengan yang lain. Hal ini demikian kerana terdapat

ruang yang besar di antara zarah-zarah gas./Gas particles are far apart from each other.

This is because there are big spaces between the gas particles.

[2 markah/2 marks]

75

Bahagian C/Section C

2 (a) Ahmad menelangkupkan sebiji gelas dengan kertas tisu kering pada dasarnya ke dalam air di dalam
besen seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.1.
Ahmad inverted a glass containing some dry tissue paper at its base into water in a basin, as shown in the
Diagram 2.1.

Kertas tisu Besen Apakah yang dapat diperhatikan? Terangkan jawapan
Tissue paper Basin anda./What can be observed? Explain your answer.

TP4/Menganalisis

Kertas tisu masih kering. Udara memenuhi ruang

di dalam gelas. Aras air tidak dapat naik.

The tissue paper stays dry. Air occupies the space in

Rajah 2.1/Diagram 2.1 the glass. The water level does not rise.
[3 markah/3 marks]

(b) Ahmad mengisi sebahagian daripada picagari dengan pasir. Apabila omboh ditolak, isi padu picagari
berkurang seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.2.
Ahmad filled part of a syringe with sand. When the piston is pushed, the volume in the syringe decreases as
shown in the Diagram 2.2.

Ditolak
Is pushed

BAB Bukaan tertutup Bukaan tertutup
Opening closed
5 Opening closed Pasir/Sand Pasir/Sand

Rajah 2.2/Diagram 2.2

Terangkan daripada segi susunan zarah-zarah mengapa omboh dapat ditolak masuk walaupun pasir ialah
sejenis pepejal. TP4/Menganalisis
Explain in the aspect of the arrangement of the particles, why the piston can be pushed in although sand is
a type of solid.
Terdapat ruang kosong antara zarah-zarah pasir. Zarah-zarah pasir masuk mengisi ruang antara zarah.

There are spaces between the particles of sand. The sand particles enter to fill the spaces between them.

[2 markah/2 marks]

(c) Ahmad ingin membuat kerja rumah./Ahmad wants to do his homework.

Walaupun air didih dan stim merekodkan suhu 100ºC, stim masih dikatakan mempunyai lebih banyak
tenaga./Although both boiling water and steam record a temperature of 100ºC but still steam is said to
have higher energy.

Apakah penerangan yang boleh ditulis oleh Ahmad?/What explanation can Ahmad write? TP3/Mengaplikasi
Air didih merupakan cecair manakala stim merupakan gas. Zarah-zarah gas mengandungi tenaga

kinetik yang lebih tinggi.

The boiled water is a liquid while the steam is a gas. The gas particles contain higher kinetic energy.

[2 markah/2 marks]

(d) Terangkan mengapa bau minyak wangi di dalam botol yang terbuka boleh dikesan dengan Praktis
cepat di seluruh bilik. TP4/Menganalisis Formatif
Explain why the smell of perfume in an opened bottle can be detected all over the room very quickly.
Cecair minyak wangi menyejat membentuk zarah-zarah gas. Zarah-zarah gas mempunyai

tenaga kinetik yang tinggi dan bergerak secara rawak dengan cepat ke semua arah.

The perfume evaporates to form gas particles. The gas particles move randomly and quickly to all

direction.

[3 markah/3 marks]

76