Passive Voice News

48 78. News title: Italian Pier Antonio Panzeri held in EU-Qatargate bribery probe agrees to tell all Author: by Paul Kirby in London & Jessica Parker in Brussels Date: 18 January Number of words: 609 words 79. News title: Lessons must be learned on low census rate - report Author: by ไม่ปรากฏชื่อผู้แต่ง Date: 29 November 2022 Number of words: 525 words 80. News title: Dame Jocelyn Bell-Burnell: Portrait honour for 'trailblazing' NI scientist Author: by Eimear Flanagan Date: 28 November 2020 Number of words: 1015 words

49 5. Result Comparison of using Passive Voice word between BBC & CNN News from this study This gives us a 2.18% difference between BBC News and CNN News, with BBC News at 5.01% and CNN News at 2.83. % This variance is just one part. Because the organizers have picked up news from both news sources only a certain amount Both sources are used to provide information for researching only 40 news sources, 4 types of news, 10 news types each. Each category is news on accidents, economy, murder, and society.

50 5.1 to study how to use passive voice in the news. Survey results from 4 types of news. 10 news per category of news agencies in each source 1. Accident - BBC news uses passive voice 85 words, accounting for 1.77% of news content 4,791 words - CNN news using passive voice 106 words, representing 0.94% of news content 11,314 words 2. Economy - BBC news using passive voice 55 words, accounting for 0.71% of news content 7,593 words - CNN news using passive voice 48 words, accounting for 0.98% of news content 4,892 words 3. Crime - BBC news using passive voice 57 words, accounting for 1.41% of news content 4,033 words - CNN news uses passive voice 76 words, representing 1.25% of news content 6,090 words 4. Social - BBC news uses passive voice 78 words, representing 1.12% of news content 6,954 words - CNN news uses passive voice 91 words, accounting for 0.62% of news content 14,596 words

51 5.2 To study how to use tense structures in the news from BBC and CNN News. BBC News From a survey of the use of Tense in the form of Passive voice, it can be concluded that BBC News has chosen the highest number of Tense, Past Simple tense 50%, the seconded is - Present Simple tense 31.1%, - Present Perfect tense 8.5% - Past Perfect tense 4.4 % - Past Continuous tense 3.9% And the least use of tense is - Present Continuous tense 3.3% respectively. BBC News uses the Past Simple tense mostly to talk about events that happened and ended in the past and uses the Present Continuous tense to a lesser extent to express events currently occurring.

52 CNN News From a survey of the use of tense in the form of passive voice, it can be concluded that CNN News has chosen the highest number of tenses, Past Simple tense 43.1%, the second is - Present Simple tense 25.8% - Present Perfect tense 21.1% - Past Perfect tense 8.7 %. - Present Continuous tense 1.3% And use the least tense is - Past Continuous tense 0% respectively. CNN News mainly uses the Past Simple tense to talk about an event that happened and ended in the past but will not. The Past Continuous tense is used to express an action that happened in the past

53 5.3 To learn the number of passive voice words such as Regular or Irregular verbs and Transitive or Intransitive verbs in both sources. According to the study of Regular or Irregular Verbs and Transitive or Intransitive Verbs in the form of passive voice, the news can be concluded that using verbs in the Passive Voice image is a Regular Verb. CNN NEWS is more than BBC News at 3.49% According to the study, Irregular Verb found that: - BBC News is more than 3.85% CNN NEWS. Transitive Verb found that: - CNN NEWS has more than BBC News at 11.41%. Intransitive Verb found that: - BBC News has more than CNN News at 25.41%. Finally, after studying the passive voice, Transitive Verb & Intransitive Verbs. It was found that: - BBC News is more than 6.98% of CNN NEWS. This is just a part of the news we have studied, not all the information from both sources.

54 5.4 Product Passive voice – UNO This game can be played as a regular game of Uno. The goal of the game is to get rid of cards by placing them on a card either with the same number or in the same color. Before using a card, you must make a correct sentence in the passive voice. If you get a blank rainbow card - it's a wild card - you can use it to change the color in the game. If you use a card with +, your opponent must draw extra cards (depending on the number on the card) Objective of Passive voice – UNO 1. Show students how good their visual memories are and suggest strategies for improving their memory skills. 2. To make students learn the following passive voice easier and more convenient. 3. To excite students to receive the necessary lessons step by step and at all times. 4. To allow students to do teaching and learning activities. 5. To enable students to acquire skills that can be learned from experiments and practice (Learning by doing). 6. To enable students to express their ideas and roles appropriately and in accordance with the following requirements. society's desires 7. To allow students to take initiative in constructing sentences by using the passive voice format.

55 Reference BBC Accident • https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-surrey-64260916 • https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-64296707 • https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-59901366 • https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-64287331 • https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-64249581 • https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-somerset-64323067 • https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-64306783 • https://www.bbc.com/news/uk35481541?fbclid=IwAR2NysTmck4BVKzjQb0I60jC3aio324SoD3tL3UM47mplQ7M4h -HCyO1LdI • https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64315594 • https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leeds-64292656 BBC Society • https://www.bbc.com/news/business-64234577 • https://www.bbc.com/news/business-62303026 • https://www.bbc.com/news/business-64288792 • https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61505102 • https://www.bbc.com/news/business-62168489 • https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61783637 • https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-63140815 • https://www.bbc.com/news/business-64213830 • https://www.bbc.com/news/business-64238309 • https://www.bbc.com/news/business-64238306 BBC Murder • https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64141635 • https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-64156934 • https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-61111253 • https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-64185176 • https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-63028024 • https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-64194407 • https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63911172 • https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-humber-64191902 • https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63624611 • https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-humber-64191902

56 BBC Economy • https://www.bbc.com/news/business-53772260 • https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-64282374 • https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia62830548?fbclid=IwAR1BD6CjKO2B6ELDwyGTiFRfmncucuQ5bUFJig9rYuqOIogU2 1DEP6v4EOQ • https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland55115120?fbclid=IwAR1vLDtwMmT8LgifSwaDVMJFIu8qQGVhYGESEU4WITWdQp6m3LxtKgqdAg • https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland63797117?fbclid=IwAR0LJNqBYG0n0PKoBZLv0yApN7v7a1_Ud1obruKnDc4P3liCnF HMe8iKMhI • https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64296979 • https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64285341 • https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe64306691?fbclid=IwAR1iMy8m6uCB8wJKcZgrXOX_i4lqvMLn9U2vAQKLDenv5tq9 X4lp0LdzdoY • https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-58318024 • https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61857005?fbclid=IwAR2- 7Wis2lYxkvbCTOZplRStsW4uE3iOuNpzVG9w3T5s9RVoN8m_80o7oaw • www.grammarly.com/blog/passivevoice/?gclid=Cj0KCQiAz9ieBhCIARIsACB0oGLA9F_9BLPE63_Xg7F6fyTV4TnRkfp NyHecsSc8OZV281wrKzRlqYsaApptEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds •

57 5 Appendix • Accident Caterham dog attack: Dog walker was mauled to death A dog walker was mauled to death after being set upon while out walking a group of dogs in rural Surrey. The 28-year-old woman, from London, was attacked in Caterham just before 14:45 GMT on Thursday.A second woman who received treatment for dog bites has since been discharged from hospital.Police said eight dogs were seized at the scene by officers and the owners of these dogs had been identified and were being kept informed of investigations. The dogs were not believed to be banned breeds and the second woman was not thought to be linked to the woman who died, police said. Officers investigating the attack have erected a cordon in the Gravelly Hill area, which is a quiet rural community.No arrests have been made. Insp Lyndsey Whatley said: “I would like to reassure residents that we are confident all the dogs involved are in the custody of police whilst we investigate the circumstances of what has happened.”East Surrey MP Claire Coutinho said her thoughts were with the loved ones of the woman who died. She said: “Thank you to the paramedics for their efforts at the scene, and officers from Surrey Police who controlled the situation so quickly.” At the scene Forensic work was being carried out on Friday as investigators tried to establish how the tragic events unfolded on Thursday. A heavy police presence was being maintained at Gravelly Hill where a woman in her 20s lost her life and another was left needing hospital treatment. It is apparent the investigation is being carried out at pace, with police telling reporters at a briefing that all the owners of the dogs involved have been identified. And they were keen to offer reassurance to the local community that they were confident all the dogs involved had now been seized. The area is within a quiet, rural setting with properties set within large grounds, and locals have expressed shock at the tragedy. The woman who was attacked by the dog is yet to be named, but Surrey Police said her next of kin had been informed. Ch Insp Alan Sproston said: “Our thoughts are with the family of the woman who sadly died. “This incident will be concerning to the local community and I would like to reassure them that we believe all dogs have been accounted for and are in police custody. “Our investigation to establish the circumstances of the incident remains ongoing and we would ask the community not to speculate.” Richard Bream, who runs the nearby Mardens Kennels, said he had never heard of a dog attack in the area before. He said: “That particular area, View Point, is an area where professional dog walkers will turn up in their van and take the dogs out and walk them.

58 “I’ve always felt you see some of these dog walkers have five or six, and they shouldn’t be able to do that.” Terrible, tragic A woman walking a border collie past one of the police cordons, who asked not to be named, said she was shocked by the incident. She said: “It’s a nice circular woodland walk and we’ve never had any issues before. It is so shocking. Normal dogs surely wouldn’t do that.” Tandridge District Council leader Catherine Sayer said: “It’s just a terrible, tragic incident. Obviously, our thoughts are with the family of the young woman who died and we very much hope for a quick recovery for the woman who was injured.” Talks are planned at the authority about the council’s response to the attack, and it will be discussed at a meeting of the community services committee on Tuesday.

59 Passive Voice • was mauled • was attacked • has since been discharged • were seized • were being kept informed • were not believed • be linked • have been made • was being carried • was being maintained • is being carried • have been identified • had now been seized. • was attacked • had been informed • have been accounted • be named • was injured • be discussed. Tense • Present simple • Present continuous • Present perfect • Past simple • Past continuous • Past Perfect Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb mauled Regular Verb Transitive Verb attacked Regular Verb Transitive Verb discharged Regular Verb Transitive Verb informed Regular Verb Transitive Verb believed Regular Verb Transitive Verb linked Regular Verb Transitive Verb made Irregular Verb Transitive Verb carried Regular Verb Transitive Verb maintained Regular Verb Transitive Verb identified Regular Verb Transitive Verb seized Regular Verb Transitive Verb accounted Regular Verb Transitive Verb injured Regular Verb Intransitive Verb discussed Regular Verb Transitive Verb

60 Henley regatta drone crash could have been fatal, says AAIB A 28kg (62lb) drone crashed into a boat at the Henley Royal Regatta, narrowly missing its occupants, before sinking in the River Thames, a report found. The aircraft had been supplying footage of the annual rowing events when its battery ran out on 29 June 2022. Six people had been on board the boat but no-one was injured. The boat suffered dents. An Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) report said someone could have been killed. It said the licensed operator could not remember checking the battery before the flight and the warning indicator had been set to a lower level than recommended by the manufacturer. The AAIB said research showed "fatal injuries would have occurred if the 28kg aircraft falling at 30 metres per second had struck a person on the boat". The report said, the Alta X aircraft was being commercially operated from a pontoon by the licensed pilot who, at 11:20 BST, had been filming the 35th race of the day. According to the report, the pilot said he planned to change the batteries on every third flight but records indicated it was making its sixth consecutive flight on the same charge. A private boat, the Celtic Queen, had been travelling on the uncontrolled side of the river, away from the racing, when a battery warning activated on the drone's controller. The pilot tried to fly it back to the pontoon but it became unresponsive and crashed into the 20mlong (66ft) boat. The unmanned craft dented the boat's cabin and bent a handrail before falling in the water. A battery was dislodged and landed between two of the passengers. The AAIB said: "Had the battery warning been set to the manufacturer's recommended setting, the aircraft may have been landed safely under the pilot's control."

61 Passive Voice • was injured • could have been killed • had been set • was being commercially operated • was dislodged and landed • Had the battery warning been set • have been landed Tenses • Past Simple • Present Perfect • Past Perfect • Past Continuous • Past Perfect Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb injured Regular Verb Intransitive Verb killed Regular Verb Intransitive Verb set Irregular Verb Intransitive Verb operated Regular Verb Transitive Verb landed Regular Verb Intransitive Verb

62 Instagram blocked hashtag in memory of Iran plane crash victims Instagram blocked posts using a hashtag in memory of the victims of a Ukrainian airliner shot down by Iranian security forces two years ago. Families of the 176 victims found posts with the hashtag #IWillLightACandletoo, as well as its Persian version, were not visible to users. A cybersecurity expert said it appeared that Iran had orchestrated the block by reporting the posts. The social media giant said the hashtag was "restricted by mistake". Ukraine International Airlines flight PS752 was hit by two missiles after taking off from Tehran on 8 January 2020. Iran has blamed human error for the disaster, saying an air defence unit had mistaken the Boeing 737-800 for a US missile. Nine crew members were killed, along with 167 passengers. Ukraine has rejected the findings of an Iranian investigation into the crash as a "cynical attempt" to conceal the truth. The Association of Families of the Victims began using the #IWillLightACandletoo hashtag as a show of solidarity just days before the second anniversary of the crash, but found it had been blocked. "It was deeply disappointing, there was nothing offensive about the hashtags, but sadly big firms like Facebook [now called Meta and which owns Instagram] are easily deceived by the cyber armies of authoritarian regimes," said association spokesperson Hamed Esmaeilion, who lost both his wife and daughter in the incident. Instagram's auto response said the posts had "been limited because the community has reported some content that may not meet Instagram's Community Guidelines". It is unclear who reported the hashtag or why, but Middle East cybersecurity expert Amir Rashidi suspects it was orchestrated. "It is likely that users close to Iran have reported the hashtag and machines that lack enough knowledge of local politics decided to ban them. This enables authoritarian regimes to exploit social media platforms", said Mr Rashidi, director of digital rights and security at the Miaan Group. The block was lifted after almost 24 hours and only after several Persian speaking activists and media organisations reached out to Instagram/Meta. In a response to a BBC enquiry, a Meta spokesperson said: "We became aware that these hashtags had been restricted by mistake, and worked quickly to fix it. You should now be able to use these hashtags as normal, and we're so sorry for any inconvenience or confusion caused." But this is not the only incident in which a hashtag or a post has been limited by Instagram. According to several Iranian users, Instagram has banned content showing police brutality in recent weeks, citing the violent nature of the videos. "If they don't want to be used as tools for suppression, social media platforms like Meta must collaborate with trusted internet freedom organisations and people with local knowledge about the political and cultural context of each country," said Mr Rashidi. "These are not decisions that can be left to machines."

63 Passive Voice 1. was hit 2. were killed 3. had been blocked 4. are easily deceived 5. had been limited 6. was orchestrated 7. was lifted 8. had been restricted 9. be used Tenses • Present simple • Past simple • Past perfect Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb hit Irregular Verb Transitive Verb killed Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb blocked Regular Verb Intransitive Verb deceived Regular Verb Transitive Verb limited Regular Verb Intransitive Verb orchestrated Regular Verb Intransitive Verb lifted Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb used Regular Verb Transitive Verb restricted Regular Verb Transitive Verb

64 Leeds: Woman and child pedestrians killed in Scott Hall Road car crash A woman and child have died after being hit by a car which crashed on a main road in Leeds, police have confirmed. The Audi TT's driver suffered serious injuries in the crash on Scott Hall Road and was taken to hospital, where he was under arrest, officers said. Det Insp Paul Conroy, of West Yorkshire Police, said the "absolutely tragic incident" happened at about 08:30 GMT. Police said the road, a major route in Leeds, remained closed as inquiries continued at the scene. Motorists have been asked to avoid the area. The force said it was believed the victims were both pedestrians who were hit by the car before it crashed into the wall of the Vertu Jaguar vehicle dealership. Both were pronounced dead a short time later. Det Insp Conroy said: "We are working to support the family of the woman and child involved. "We have already spoken to a number of witnesses but are keen to speak to anyone else who has witnessed the collision itself or the events leading up to it. "We would also ask anyone who was in the area around the time of this collision to check their dashcam footage." Passive Voice 1. was taken 2. have been asked 3. was believed 4. were hit Tenses • Present perfect • Past simple Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb taken Irregular Verb Transitive Verb asked Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb believed Regular Verb Transitive Verb hit Irregular Verb Transitive Verb

65 London attack: Seven killed in vehicle and stabbing incidents Seven people have been killed and at least 48 injured in a terror incident in London in which three male attackers were shot dead by police. A white van hit pedestrians on London Bridge at about 22:00 BST on Saturday, then three men got out and stabbed people in nearby Borough Market. Police said the three men were wearing fake bomb vests. One of those hurt is a police officer who was stabbed after going to help. His injuries are not lifethreatening. Political parties have suspended national general election campaigning and the prime minister is chairing a meeting of the government's Cobra emergency committee. Theresa May described Saturday night's events as "dreadful", while Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn called them "brutal and shocking". Borough Market is an area known for its bars and restaurants which were busy on a warm summer evening. London Mayor Sadiq Khan said it was "a deliberate and cowardly attack on innocent Londoners", but the capital remained the "safest global city" and Londoners would not be cowed by terrorism. It is the third terror attack in the UK in three months following the car and knife attack in Westminster in March, which left five people dead, and the Manchester bombing less than two weeks ago, in which 22 people were killed. Metropolitan Police Assistant Commissioner Mark Rowley said it was believed there were only three attackers involved and the explosive vests they were wearing were "hoaxes". One social media user posted a photograph appearing to show an attacker lying on the ground outside a pub in the food market, with the fake vest visible. Among the main developments: More than 80 medics were sent to the scene. The injured, some of them in critical condition, are being treated in five London hospitals The Met Police has set up a casualty bureau on 0800 096 1233 and 020 7158 0197 for people concerned about friends or relatives Two Australian citizens "have been directly impacted," says the country's Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull Four French citizens have been injured, one seriously, according to foreign minister Jean-Yves Le Drian BBC reporter Holly Jones, who was on the bridge at the time of the attack, said the van was "probably travelling at about 50 miles an hour". "He swerved right round me and then hit about five or six people. He hit about two people in front of me and then three behind," Ms Jones told the BBC News channel. Another eyewitness, Robbie, was sitting in a taxi opposite the Barrowboy and Banker pub on London Bridge. "I saw about 20 or 30 people rushing to get back into the pub and five seconds later a big white van came screeching down the pavement," he told BBC Radio 5 live. "Two or three people jumped out. Initially, I thought it was a road traffic incident and the people had jumped out to see if anyone was injured, but I could tell immediately, they looked very aggressive." His friend Josh came out of the pub a few seconds later and saw people running up to the bridge from Borough Market. "A chap ran up and I heard him shout, 'He's got a knife, he's stabbing people.'"

66 Another witness, Gerard, told the BBC: "They were running up shouting, 'This is for Allah.' They stabbed this girl maybe 10 times, 15 times. She was going, 'Help me, help me.'" Gerard said he chased the attackers, who were running into pubs and bars, and threw bottles, chairs and other items to try to stop them. Steven Gibbs, who was drinking in St Christopher's Inn, just metres from the scene, told the BBC: "A black cab drove past and the driver shouted, 'Terrorist attack, run!' "I stood up to take a look and then all of a sudden there were gunshots. Lots of people were screaming." Steven was taken into the basement of the bar before the police came in and told everyone inside to run. "I've never been so scared in my life," he said, Passive voice 1. have been killed 2. was stabbed 3. were killed 4. was believed 5. were sent 6. are being treated 7. have been injured 8. was injured 9. was taken Tenses • Present Perfect • Present continuous • Past simple Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb killed Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb killed Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb stabbed Regular Verb Transitive Verb believed Regular Verb Transitive Verb sent Irregular Verb Transitive Verb treated Regular Verb Transitive Verb injured Regular Verb Transitive Verb injured Regular Verb Transitive Verb taken Irregular Verb Transitive Verb

67 M5 crash: Two die on motorway in Gloucestershire Two men have died and two others have been critically injured in crashes involving several vehicles on the M5. Four cars and a lorry were involved in two crashes which happened at 01:00 BST between J8 and J9 southbound. Two men from Gloucester - the driver, 24, and passenger, 23, of a Mercedes car - died in the second crash. Two other 23-year-old male passengers remain critically ill in hospital. One of the drivers involved in the crashes had fled the scene, police said. The carriageway was shut for 11 hours between the two junctions. Police said the first crash was between a Ford Mondeo and MG Rover, south of the M50 junction. "An HGV then stopped and was involved in a collision with a silver Mercedes and black Mazda," a force spokesman said. He said the male driver of the MG Rover left the scene of the collision before police arrived, and is appealing for him to come forward. The injured passengers in the Mercedes were taken to Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham and Southmead Hospital in Bristol. Four other people from other vehicles involved in the collision were assessed and treated by South Western Ambulance Service. The southbound carriageway of the M5 has reopened. Highways England said emergency crews from three different counties had been involved in the aftermath. Passive Voice 1. have been critically injured 2. were involved 3. was shut 4. were taken 5. were assessed 6. had been involved Tenses • Present Perfect • Past Simple • Past Perfect Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb injured Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb shut Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb taken Irregular Verb Transitive Verb assessed Regular Verb Transitive Verb involved Regular Verb Transitive Verb involved Regular Verb Transitive Verb

68 Nepal air crash: Indian passenger's video caught plane's last moments In the hours after Nepal's deadliest plane crash for 30 years, a video went viral in India - it showed one of the victims, Sonu Jaiswal, livestreaming from the plane just seconds before the crash. He was part of a group of four friends from Ghazipur in India who were visiting Nepal, and were on the flight from Kathmandu to Pokhara. In the footage, Pokhara airport's surroundings are visible from the doomed plane as it comes into land, those on board unaware they are just moments from death. None of the 72 people on board are believed to have survived the crash. The video shows the plane gliding gently over the honeycombs of buildings dotting brown-green fields, before the man filming it turns the camera around and smiles. He then turns it around again to show other passengers in the aircraft. The following details could be distressing to some readers. Moments pass, then there's a deafening crash. Within seconds huge flames and smoke fill the screen as the camera keeps recording. What sounds like the screeching of an engine is audible, as well as breaking glass and then screams before the video ends. Friends and family members of Sonu Jaiswal told reporters that they had watched the video on his Facebook account, confirming its authenticity. "Sonu did the [livestream] when the plane crashed in a gorge near the Seti River," Mukesh Kashyap, Jaiswal's friend, told reporters. Local journalist Shashikant Tiwari told the BBC that Kashyap showed him the video on Jaiswal's Facebook profile, which is set to private. It is not clear how Jaiswal accessed the internet to stream from the plane. Abhishek Pratap Shah, a former lawmaker in Nepal, told Indian news channel NDTV that rescuers had recovered the phone on which the video was found from the plane's wreckage. "It [the video clip] was sent by one of my friends, who received it from a police officer. It is a real record," Mr Shah told NDTV. Officials in Nepal have not confirmed his claim or commented on the footage, which could help crash investigators in their work But for the loved ones of the four men - Jaiswal, Abhishek Kushwaha, Anil Rajbhar and Vishal Sharma - none of this matters. They say they are "too shattered" to care. "The pain is hard to explain," said Chandrabhan Maurya, the brother of Abhishek Kushwaha. "The government needs to help us as much as they can. We want the bodies of our loved ones to be returned to us." Authorities in Ghazipur in northern Uttar Pradesh state said they are in touch with the four families and the Indian embassy in Kathmandu to offer any possible help. "We have also told the families that if they want to travel to Kathmandu, we will make all the arrangements for them," district magistrate Aryaka Akhauri told reporters. Several villagers remembered the four men as "kind, fun-loving souls". They said they were devastated by the tragedy that had struck their otherwise quiet lives. Some of them also joined protests, demanding compensation for the families.

69 The four men, all thought to be in their 20s or early 30s, had been friends for many years, and often spent time together. Locals say they had gone to Nepal on 13 January to visit the Pashupatinath temple, a grand shrine on the outskirts of Kathmandu which is dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva. The trip was reportedly Jaiswal's idea - a father of three, he wanted to pray at the temple for another son. After visiting the temple, the friends set off on Sunday to Pokhara - a picturesque tourist town nestled near the Annapurna mountain range - to paraglide. They planned to return to Kathmandu. "But fate had something else in store for him," an unnamed relative of Jaiswal's told news agency PTI. The four men were among five Indians on board. Officials said 53 of the passengers were Nepalese, along with four Russians and two Koreans. Others on board are reported to have included one passenger each from the UK, Australia, Argentina and France. On Monday, social media in India was awash with images from the crash site and of the video shot by Jaiswal. Jaiswal's father, Rajendra Prasad Jaiswal, said he could not bear to watch the clip himself. "I have only heard about it from Sonu's friends. Our lives have come crashing down." While groups of mourners stood around the neighbourhood in disbelief, Anil Rajbhar's father stayed away. His son had left for Nepal on 13 January without informing his family. While his father was busy in the family's fields, Anil quietly packed his bags and left with his friends, neighbours said. His father is still in disbelief at the news. Passive Voice 1. are believed 2. is set 3. was found 4. was sent 5. are "too shattered" 6. be returned 7. were devastated 8. is dedicated Tenses • Present simple • Past simple Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb believed Regular Verb Transitive Verb set Irregular Verb Transitive Verb found Irregular Verb Transitive Verb sent Irregular Verb Transitive Verb shattered Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb returned Regular Verb Intransitive Verb devastated Regular Verb Transitive Verb dedicated Regular Verb Transitive Verb

70 Nepal plane crash: Briton among dozens who died A British man is among the passengers who died in a plane crash in Nepal on Sunday. The person was previously described as Irish by Nepal authorities, but was understood to be traveling on a UK passport. He has not yet been formally named by authorities. There were 72 passengers and crew aboard the Yeti Airlines that crashed near the tourist town of Pokhara. There are not believed to be any survivors. A spokesman for Ireland's Department of Foreign Affairs confirmed that an individual indicated in reports as being Irish is a UK national, and that the UK's Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FDCO) was providing consular support. An FCDO spokesman said: "We are supporting the family of a British man who has died in Nepal and are in contact with the local authorities." Sunday's incident - which occurred on a flight from the capital Kathmandu to Pokhara, in central Nepal - is the country's deadliest plane crash in 30 years. A local official said the jet's pilot did not report "anything untoward" as the plane approached the airport. Anup Joshi said that the "mountains were clear and visibility was good", adding there was a light wind and "no issue with weather". Mobile phone footage showed the plane rolling sharply as it approached the runway. It then hit the ground in the gorge of the Seti River, just over a kilometre from the airport. Officials have said the voice and black box flight recorders have been recovered. The government has set up a panel to investigate the cause of the disaster and the prime minister declared Monday a national day of mourning. Passive Voice 1. was previously described 2. was understood 3. has not yet been formally named 4. have been recovered Tenses • Present Perfect • Past simple Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb described Regular Verb Intransitive Verb understood Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb named Regular Verb Intransitive Verb recovered Regular Verb Intransitive Verb

71 Swansea: Two died after Christmas Day river car crash An inquest into the deaths of two people whose bodies were found in a river on Christmas Day has been opened and adjourned. The car Rachel Curtis and Jay Kyle Jenkins were in was believed to have collided with barriers on the A483 in Swansea and ended up in the River Tawe, the hearing was told. Senior coroner Colin Phillips said further inquiries were ongoing to determine the cause of the crash. An inquest will take place in October. Police were called to the junction of New Cut Road and the A483 in Swansea at 03:05 GMT. The bodies of the pair were recovered a few hours later. The vehicle, a Mini Cooper, had to be lifted by a crane from the river. Ms Curtis, 36, from Bonymaen, Swansea, was understood to have been driving the car, the inquest at Swansea Guildhall heard. She has been described as a "funny, intelligent and unique" woman by her family. Mr Jenkins, 36, of St Thomas, Swansea, was a "beautiful, kind boy", his family has said, adding that he and Ms Curtis had been friends since school. Passive Voice 1. were found 2. has been opened 3. has been adjourned 4. was believed 5. was told 6. were called 7. were recovered 8. be lifted 9. has been described Tenses • Present Perfect • Past Simple • Present Simple Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb found Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb adjourned Regular Verb Intransitive Verb opened Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb believed Regular Verb Transitive Verb told Irregular Verb Transitive Verb called Regular Verb Transitive Verb recovered Regular Verb Intransitive Verb lifted Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb described Regular Verb Transitive Verb

72 Ukraine's interior ministry leadership killed in helicopter crash The three main figures in Ukraine's interior ministry have been killed in a helicopter crash beside a nursery in an eastern suburb of the capital Kyiv. Interior Minister Denys Monastyrsky, 42, died alongside his first deputy minister and state secretary. Fourteen people died when the helicopter came down in Brovary around 08:30 local time (06:30 GMT), including one child, authorities said. There is no indication the crash was anything other than an accident. But the SBU state security service said it was following several possible causes for the crash, which included sabotage as well as a technical malfunction or breach of flight rules. The helicopter came down near a kindergarten building which was left badly damaged and blackened by smoke. The State Emergency Service had previously stated that up to 18 people were killed but later revised the death toll from the crash, saying 14 had died. Mr Monastyrsky, who was one of President Volodymyr Zelensky's longest serving political advisers, is the highest profile Ukrainian casualty since the war began. The deputy head of Ukraine's presidential office, Kyrylo Tymoshenko, said the minister had been travelling to a war "hot spot" when his helicopter went down. The head of police in the north-eastern city of Kharkiv, Volodymyr Tymoshko, said the ministerial team were on their way to meet him there and he had spoken to them only yesterday. The minister's death cuts to the heart of the government in Kyiv as the interior ministry has the vital task of maintaining security and running the police during the war. Appearing via video-link at the World Economic Forum in Davos, President Zelensky asked leaders to observe a minute of silence for the lives lost in the helicopter crash, and later added "there are no accidents at war time. These are all war results absolutely." The Ukrainian president added that he was not concerned for his own safety. The head of Ukraine's national police force, Ihor Klymenko, has been appointed acting interior minister following Mr Monastyrsky's death. Witnesses in Kyiv said Russia's war was to blame for the disaster. "It was very foggy and there was no electricity, and when there's no electricity there are no lights on the buildings," local resident Volodymyr Yermelenko told the BBC. Key officials are flown by helicopter across Ukraine at tree-level, but that comes with risks. All that was recognisable of the helicopter was a door panel and one of its rotors which landed on the roof of a car. Next to it were three bodies covered in foil blankets. The 42-year-old interior minister was a prominent member of President Zelensky's cabinet. He was a recognisable face for Ukrainians throughout the war, updating the public on casualties caused by Russian missile strikes since Ukraine was invaded in February 2022. Ukrainian officials said those on board the helicopter included six ministry officials and three crew. First deputy minister Yevhen Yenin died along with state secretary Yuriy Lubkovych, whose task was to organise the work of the ministry. Before he moved to the interior ministry, Mr Yenin helped represent Ukraine's government abroad. US President Joe Biden expressed his condolences to all victims of the crash. Mr Tymoshenko said the interior ministry's work would not be affected by the loss of its leaders, but government colleagues were visibly shocked as they reacted on national TV.

73 A friend of the late minister's, MP Mariia Mezentseva, said it was a tragedy for everyone as the ministry had a significant role in Ukraine's response to the invasion. "He responded 24/7 to his colleagues, friends and family. He was very close to President Zelensky from day one of his presidential campaign," she told the BBC. The national police chief Mr Klymenko wrote on Facebook that the helicopter belonged to Ukraine's state emergency service, while other officials said it appeared to a be a French Super Puma aircraft. Parents were bringing their children to the kindergarten before going to work when the helicopter came down. "The pain is unspeakable," the president said. "The helicopter fell on the territory of one of the kindergartens." Many of the casualties were on the ground. As well as the child that was killed, 11 of the 25 injured on the ground were youngsters. Witnesses said the pilot had tried to avoid high-rise buildings before the crash, and instead went down near the kindergarten. One local woman told the BBC that she had seen a terrible flash as the helicopter circled above her home. The pilot had clearly tried to avoid her 10-storey block of flats and chose to go down closer to the smaller building, she said. "Parents were running, screaming. There was panic," said local volunteer Lidiya. Emergency services and residents rushed to evacuate the children as fire spread through the nursery building. Resident Dmytro described jumping over a fence to help get children out. One girl he picked up was called Polina, but when her father ran in calling her name he did not recognise her as her face was covered in blood. Tetiana Shutiak, an aide to Mr Monastyrskyi, also died in the crash. Interior ministry adviser Anton Herashchenko said the three men were friends and statesmen who had worked to make Ukraine stronger. "We will always remember you. Your families will be cared for," he said on Facebook. Ms Mezentseva said she had initially thought that the disaster was fake news: "But unfortunately it's true." It was only four days ago that Ukraine was hit by one of the worst attacks since the start of the war in which 45 civilians were killed. A Russian missile hit a block of flats in the central city of Dnipro killing 45 people, including six children. Ukraine has appealed to the West to provide tanks to help respond to any expected new Russian offensive. A decision is likely to be made later this week when Western allies discuss the war at Ramstein air base in Germany.

74 Passive Voice 1. have been killed 2. was left badly damaged and blackened 3. were killed 4. war began 5. was invaded 6. be affected 7. was killed 8. be cared 9. was hit 10. be made Tenses • Present Simple • Present Perfect • Past Simple Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb killed Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb killed Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb killed Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb blackened Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb began Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb invaded Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb affected Regular Verb Transitive Verb cared Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb hit Irregular Verb Transitive Verb made Irregular Verb Intransitive Verb

75 Economy Cutting UK taxes now would be a mistake, says IMF Tax cuts are being promised by several Conservative party leadership hopefuls, but a top official at the International Monetary Fund has warned it might be better to raise them instead. "I think debt-financed tax cuts at this point would be a mistake," said Mark Flanagan, who leads the Fund's UK team, speaking to BBC News. His comments were made shortly before the leadership contest got underway The contest has reignited the fierce debate over tax cuts. Calls to tackle the soaring cost of living are growing louder. While the former Chancellor, Rishi Sunak, has argued against cutting taxes, other candidates have touted promises including cuts to the basic rate of income tax and further cuts in fuel duty. Tax breaks could offer some relief for households struggling to cope with the steepest increase in food and energy bills in decades. The IMF is among the groups predicting the UK could see the slowest growth and most painful inflation of any G7 nation in 2023, thanks, in part, to reliance on fossil fuels, a big driver of inflation. However, Mr Flanagan said tax cuts could be misguided and might even boost inflation by strengthening spending. Money raised through tax, he argued, could instead be used to invest in the country's long-term future Many economists believe the UK's challenges are very deep-rooted - with economic growth lagging behind many competitors since the 2007 financial crisis. Torsten Bell, from the Resolution Foundation think tank, said this lag had "widened inequality" ever since. The poorest households in France are now 25% richer than their UK counterparts, he said, meaning that UK households have been left less resilient to cope with the current cost of living shock. The chief executive of Legal & General, Nigel Wilson, is among those who believe the UK's longer term underperformance reflects a chronic lack of investment. "I think [the UK] is full of potential but we've had massive underinvestment for 30, 40 or 50 years in skills, in infrastructure… as a consequence we're a low wage, low productivity, low growth economy, fraught by political infighting. " The IMF's Mr Flanagan said public money would be better channelled into projects that focus on sustained long-term economic prosperity - and that might need higher taxes. "The UK does have a below-average tax ratio relative to the rest of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. You can't have it both ways," he said. "At some point you have to decide, do we want to invest in the climate transition? Do we want invest in digitalisation? Do we want to invest in skills for the public. Well, if you do you need the resources to do it. And the way to realise those resources is to lift the tax ratio a little bit." Private sector investment has also languished. Karen Ward, chief market strategist at bank JP Morgan and an adviser to Philip Hammond when he was chancellor, said a decline in investment became particularly noticeable from 2016 onwards.

76 "Relative to our competitors, there was a break in 2016 at the [European] referendum - business investment fell dramatically and just hasn't recovered," she said, adding that it remains 10% below the 2015 peak. She said this had led to a less efficient economy - and so poor wage growth. The IMF's Mr Flanagan suggested resolving the current dispute over post-Brexit trading in Ireland could help revive investment. "It's going to be hard to convince companies to invest a lot in incorporating the UK into their supply chains, while issues related to cross-border movement of goods and services remain unsettled," he said. The tough choices for the next person to move into No 10 will start as soon as that famous door shuts behind them. And whatever actions they take may outlast their stay - shaping the UK's future place in the world. Passive Voice 1. are being promised 2. were made 3. be used 4. have been left Tense • Present Simple • Present Perfect • Past Simple Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb promised Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb made Irregular Verb Transitive Verb used Regular Verb Transitive Verb left Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb

77 UK economy beats expectations with November growth The UK economy unexpectedly grew in November, helped by a boost from the World Cup, official figures show. The economy expanded by 0.1%, helped by demand for services in the tech sector and in spite of households being squeezed by rising prices. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) said pubs and restaurants also boosted growth as people went out to watch the football. But it is still unclear whether soaring costs will tip the UK into recession. Although the November reading of gross domestic product - a measure of all the activity by businesses, the government and people in the UK - was much better than anticipated, the overall picture still suggests the economy is stagnating as food and energy bills go up and people cut back. The November increase marks a slowdown from a 0.5% rise in October, which was largely as a result of a bounceback from businesses shuttering to mark Queen Elizabeth II's funeral in September. Economists have suggested that the latest data makes it less clear whether the UK will have entered a recession at the end of last year. A recession is defined as two three-month periods, or quarters, of shrinking economic output in a row. When a country is in recession, it is a sign that its economy is doing badly. During a downturn, companies typically make less money and the number of people unemployed rises. Graduates and school leavers also find it harder to get their first job. Between July and September, UK economic output shrank by 0.3%. Economic growth slowed sharply from October, partly due to strike action. Rail workers and Royal Mail staff staged walkouts over pay and working conditions in November. Darren Morgan, director of economic statistics at the ONS, told the BBC's Today programme: "We definitely saw the impact of industrial action in today's figures. "We saw reasonably large falls in rail transport, postal work and warehousing and this sector had the biggest drag on the economy in November." There was continued industrial action in December, which widened to include NHS workers as well as Border Force staff at six UK airports. It could have a knock-on effect on next month's figures, which will reveal if the technical definition of a recession has been met. Mr Morgan said the economy would have to shrink by 0.6% in December to send the UK into a recession. Although there might have been a brief improvement in November, the Federation of Small Businesses (FSB) warned that concerns over the economy haven't yet been laid to rest. The national chair of the FSB, Martin McTague, said: "With costs remaining high for small firms and households alike, policymakers cannot rest on their laurels. Inflation needs to be brought down, there remains huge uncertainty over energy prices and consumer confidence remains stubbornly low. 'The next 12 months are going to be tough' At Gtech in Worcester, staff have definitely noticed the economy slowing down. The company designs and sells cordless vacuum cleaners and other tools. After a busy pandemic, when people were keen to invest in keeping their homes and gardens looking nice, demand has begun to decline. "We can feel that, yes, there's probably a recession coming on, people are finding things difficult," suggests Nick Grey, founder of the business. "They're kind of worried about their basic costs of heating and fuel and all the rest of it and the worries of inflation."

78 Despite that, the firm gave its staff a £1,000 cost-of-living payment in December, and gave its lower-paid staff a relatively more generous pay rise than the senior workers, as they are more affected by rising costs. "I think the next 12 months are going to be tough," says Mr Grey. "We're just trying to make sure we do the basics well, and that when all this blows over, we're positioned well to grow and recover." Passive Voice 1. is defined 2. was continued 3. haven't yet been laid 4. be brought 5. are more affected 6. has been met Tenses • Present simple • Past Simple • Present Perfect Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb defined Regular Verb Transitive Verb continued Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb laid Irregular Verb Transitive Verb brought Irregular Verb Transitive Verb affected Regular Verb Transitive Verb met Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb

79 The sci-fi technology tackling malarial mosquitos Environmental campaigner Liz O'Neill doesn't mince her words about gene drives - the next generation of genetic modification (GM) technology. "It is extremely worrying," says the director of UK anti-GM pressure group, GM Freeze. "To release something that has been specifically created in a laboratory in order to outfight nature, and spread without exception within wild populations, is extraordinary arrogant. "And once the genie is out of the bottle, you cannot put it back in." The way gene drives work sounds like something from a science fiction novel, but they are already being used in laboratory tests. It is complicated stuff, but here is a simple explanation. While standard GM introduces a new, lab-tweaked gene into a organism, gene drive technology goes one stage further. It introduces a gene drive - a lab-created gene that can also automatically replicate itself - that targets and removes a specific natural gene. This is how it works: if an animal (parent A) that contains a gene drive mates with one that doesn't (parent B), then in the forming embryo that starts to combine their genetic material, parent A's gene drive immediately gets to work. It recognises the natural gene version of itself in the opposite chromosome from parent B, and destroys it, by cutting it out of the DNA chain. Parent B's chromosome then repairs itself - but does so, by copying parent A's gene drive. So, the embryo, and the resulting offspring, are all but guaranteed to have the gene drive, rather than a 50% chance with standard GM - because an embryo takes half its genes from each parent. Genetic scissors Gene drives are created by adding something called Crispr, a programmable DNA sequence, to a gene. This tells it to target the natural version of itself in the DNA of the other parent in the new embryo. The gene drive also contains an enzyme that does the actual cutting. So, what is the point of such complex technology? It is hoped that gene drives can be used to greatly reduce the numbers of malarial mosquitos, and other pests or invasive species. This process is more effective than standard DNA because as every single offspring has the introduced gene trait it spreads much faster and further. One organisation at the forefront of this is Target Malaria, which has developed gene drives that stop mosquitos from producing female offspring. This is important for two reasons - only the females bite, and without females, mosquito numbers will plummet. The core aim is to greatly reduce the number of people who die from malaria - of which there were sadly 627,000 in 2020, according to the World Health Organization. It could also slash the economic impact of the disease. With 241 million cases in 2020, mostly in Africa, malaria is estimated to cost the continent $12bn (£9.7bn) in reduced economic output every year. The financial effect of invasive species - everything from cane toads, to lionfish, brown snakes, fruit flies, zebra mussels, and Japanese knotweed - is even higher. They cost the US and Canada $26bn (£21bn) a year, according to the US Department of Agriculture's National Invasive Species Information Center. Globally, it puts the impact at $1.29tn over the past 50 years. Yet, campaigners like Liz O'Neill say that the risks of unforeseen consequences, such as the gene drive leading to harmful and unforeseen mutations and knock-on effects, are too high.

80 "Gene drives are GM on steroids supercharged," she says. "Every concern one would have about the use of any genetic modification is exponentially more worrying when talking about gene drives because of how far and wide they are designed to spread." Passive Voice 1. has been specifically created 2. are created 3. is hoped 4. is estimated 5. was developed Tenses • Present simple • Present Perfect • Past Simple Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb created Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb hoped Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb estimated Regular Verb Transitive Verb developed Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb created Regular Verb Transitive Verb

81 The public relations and ad firms refusing fossil fuel clients Up until three years ago, PR and advertising firm boss Marian Ventura was more than happy to work on projects for oil and gas companies. "I felt I was pushing change from the inside, collaborating to enhance their transparency and accountability," says the founder of Done!, which is based in Buenos Aires, Argentina. She says that in Latin America the fossil fuels industry is considered "prestigious". "They sponsor every sustainability event or prize in the region, and of course they are the 'best clients to have, for their big budgets." Then in 2019, Ms Ventura's feelings started to shift when she was decided to certify her business as a so-called "B Corp" organisation. This is a global certification scheme whereby firms aim to meet the best possible social and environmental standards. "As a B company, we know that in order to fulfil our corporate purpose we cannot turn a blind eye to these questions: Who am I selling to? What am I selling? Will I be proud of what I am selling in 10 years?," says Ms Ventura. As a result, she started to reduce her oil clients, but in 2021 she went one step further. Last year, she decided that Done! would become one of the now 350 advertising and PR firms who have joined a movement called Clean Creatives. Joining the movement means they pledge to refuse any future work for fossil fuel firms, or their trade associations. "We dropped off at least four active clients related to oil and gas, and refused a dozen quotation requests, that actually keep coming," says Ms Ventura. She adds that her decision has come in for criticism. "People with whom we have stronger relationships, told me that they don't agree with our position, because they believe oil and gas are irreplaceable resources for society, and they assure it can be developed in a responsible way." The United Nations (UN) recognises that the burning of fossil fuels - oil, natural gas and coal - "are by far the largest contributor to climate change". It says that they account for "nearly 90% of all carbon dioxide emissions". Speaking on the subject back in April, the UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said "some government and business leaders are saying one thing, but doing another". He added: "High-emitting governments and corporations are not just turning a blind eye, they are adding fuel to the flames." Meanwhile, a report this year by the UN's Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change said that "corporate advertisement and brand building strategies may also attempt to deflect corporate responsibility". The study went on to ask whether tighter advertising regulation was required. Duncan Meisel, director at US-based Clean Creatives, says he sees a shift happening. "We know there's agencies not taking the pledge who have been told us privately that they are no longer pitching to fossil fuel clients. It's a step forward." He adds: "The fossil fuel industry uses advertising agencies and PR agencies to make it harder for governments to hold them accountable. And ads are misleading and make companies seem more committed to climate action than they really are." Some advertising firms are, however, continuing with fossil fuel clients, such as the UK's WPP, whose subsidiaries have been worked with the likes of BP, Shell and Exxon Mobile. "Our clients have an important role to play in the transition to a low carbon economy and how they communicate their actions must be accurate," says a WPP spokesman. "We apply rigorous standards to the content we produce for our clients, and seek to fairly represent their environmental commitments and investments.

82 "We will not take on any client, or work, whose objective is to frustrate the policies required by the Paris Agreement [on climate change]." Meanwhile, the world's largest PR firm Edelman, was at the end of last year criticised for its work for fossil fuel companies. Its clients have included the American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers, and also Exxon Mobile. The US headquartered firm subsequently carried out a 60-day review of its climate strategy, and boss Richard Edelman said in a company blog post in January that it might have to "part ways" with clients not committed to net zero emissions. Edelman declined to give a subsequent comment to BBC News for this article. Oil and gas trade association, Offshore Energies UK (OEUK), says it is wrong to criticise PR and advertising firms that work with the energy sector. "Pressuring agencies to avoid working with companies involved oil and gas is counter-productive to combatting climate change, as they're also the ones with the decades of energy expertise that are developing and rolling out the cleaner technologies that are needed," says OEUK external relations director, Jenny Stanning. Passive Voice 1. is considered 2. was decided 3. be developed 4. was required 5. have been told 6. have been worked 7. are needed Tense • Present simple • Present Perfect • Past simple Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb considered Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb decided Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb developed Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb required Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb told Irregular Verb Transitive Verb worked Regular Verb Intransitive Verb needed Regular Verb Transitive Verb

83 Putin is weaponising food, says boss of fertiliser giant Yara Vladimir Putin is "weaponising food", and the impact is being felt around the world, the boss of one of the world's biggest fertiliser firms has warned. Svein Tore Holsether, from Yara, said countries needed to cut their reliance on Russia after its invasion of Ukraine hit global food supplies and prices. Russia is a top exporter of fertilisers and chemicals used to make them. But the war has caused supply issues and driven up the price of natural gas, which is key to fertiliser production. As a result, global fertiliser prices have hit was recorded levels and forced farmers to raise food prices, putting pressure on consumers worldwide. "Putin has weaponised energy and they're weaponising food as well," Mr Holsether told the BBC at the start of the World Economic Forum in Davos. "It's the saying, 'fool me once, shame on you. Fool me twice, shame on me'." The warning echoes concern from the International Monetary Fund. Also speaking to the BBC, its managing director Kristalina Georgieva said the world should "move attention today to fertilisers, because this is where we see particular threat for food production and therefore food prices in 2023". She added: "Fertiliser prices remain very high. Production of ammonia [which is used to make fertiliser] in the European Union, for example, shrank dramatically. All of this is connected, of course, to the impact of Russia's war on gas prices and gas availability." Russia stockpiled fertiliser for domestic use last year. While its exports declined, the record prices paid for fertiliser led to a 70% increase in export revenues, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation. Moscow increased exports to countries such as India and Turkey. Russia also produces enormous amounts of nutrients, like potash and phosphate - key ingredients in fertilisers, which enable plants and crops to grow. Mr Holsether called this dependency a "powerful weapon". "With energy we've built an infrastructure in Europe on cheap Russian gas and we see the consequences and the cost of that right now with food and fertiliser." He pointed out that half of the world's food production is dependent on fertiliser. "If you see significant disruptions on that, that's a very powerful weapon." 'Severe impacts' Last week economists were being reported that sharp increases in fertiliser costs could lower food production yields so much that by the end of the decade, an increase in agricultural land equivalent to "the size of much of Western Europe" would be required to meet demand globally. This would mean "severe impacts" for deforestation, biodiversity and carbon emissions, they added. Dr Peter Alexander of the School of Geosciences at Edinburgh University said: "This could be the end of an era of cheap food. While almost everyone will feel the effects of that on their weekly shop, it's the poorest people in society, who may already struggle to afford enough healthy food, who will be hit hardest. "While fertilizer prices are coming down from the peaks of earlier this year, they remain high and this may still feed through to continued high food price inflation in 2023."

84 Sustained high fertiliser prices could increase food prices by 74% from 2021 levels by the end of this year, the study calculated, raising fears of "up to one million additional deaths and more than 100 million people undernourished if high fertiliser prices continue". Yara's boss Mr Holsether warned that the impact of all of this is being felt around the world. "Russia is the world's largest exporter of fertiliser, so it will have global implications. We've seen some of that from the disruptions already and there is a need for Russian fertiliser in order to maintain global food production," he said. "But my message here is that we also need to think about the next phase to reduce, to avoid the dependency on Russia. Because when that is being used as a weapon in war, we cannot go back to how it used to be." Passive Voice 1. is connected 2. be required 3. is being used 4. were being reported Tenses • Present Simple • Past Continuous Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb reported Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb connected Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb required Regular Verb Transitive Verb used Regular Verb Transitive Verb

85 Lab-grown alternatives aim to cut palm oil dependence It was landing at Singapore's international airport a decade ago that sparked Shara Ticku's idea to create a lab-grown alternative to palm oil. "In 2013 I flew to Singapore, and when I landed I had to wear a mask," says the boss of US tech firm C16 Biosciences. "The air was toxic because they were burning the rainforest in Indonesia." Indonesian farmers, who were clearing land for palm oil and other crops, were blamed for the fires and the smoke that drifted across the sea to Singapore. Fast forward to today, and her business has just commercially released an alternative to palm oil that is created from yeast cells. Palm oil remains the world's most-produced vegetable oil, accounting for 40% of the total, according to the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). It is supremely popular with food and cosmetics firms because it is so useful. Odourless, tasteless and colourless, it doesn't alter the smell, taste or look of products. Instead it adds a smooth texture, and works as a natural preservative. And it maintains its properties under high temperatures, also making it ideal for cooking with. In fact it is so widely used, that palm oil or its derivatives are found in almost half of all products on supermarket shelves, according to the WWF. This includes everything from chocolate, to shampoo, pizza, toothpaste, and deodorant. "No matter how hard you try, every single person touches palm oil everyday," says Ms Ticku. "It is in everything." The widely-documented problem with this usage is that this demand for palm oil has led to significant deforestation in areas where oil palm trees can grow - low-lying, hot, wet areas near the equator. The use of this land for palm oil cultivation, 85% of which is in Indonesia and Malaysia, has increased almost nine-fold from 3.3 million hectares (eight million acres) in 1970 to 28.7 million hectares in 2020. In financial terms, one report valued the worldwide palm oil industry at $62.3bn (£51.2bn) in 2021. And such is the continuing growth in demand, this figure is expected to increase to $75.7bn by 2028. To try to reduce the world's reliance on palm oil, Ms Ticku, who was formerly an investment banker, and her co-founders set up C16 Biosciences in New York City in 2018. Backed by multimillion dollar funding from Microsoft founder Bill Gates, the company has spent the past four years developing and finessing their product, which is called Palmless. They grow a strain of yeast that naturally produces an oil with very similar properties to palm, which they harvest. The yeast is fed on sugars from sugar cane plants grown on land already used for arable farming. "Our process takes less than seven days from start to finish," says a spokeswoman for C16 Biosciences. "For a traditional oil palm tree, the oil wouldn't be ready to harvest until years after the seed is planted, and most trees don't reach peak production until seven years later." She adds that the company is now "actively collaborating on partnerships in the beauty and home categories - for example, moisturisers, nourishing oils, soaps and cancels". "[And] we plan to enter into food in 2024." Another reason for the continuing popularity of palm oil is that it is very productive.

86 "You get so much more oil per hectare [from oil palms] than any other oil crop," says Chris Chuck, professor of bioprocess engineering at the University of Bath. "Oil palms produce about 5,000 kg [of oil] per hectare per year, rapeseed about 1,000 kg per hectare per year, and soybean 400 kg per hectare per year." Using other edible oils might take pressure off tropical forests, he says, but you'd be sacrificing much more land to agriculture elsewhere. To reduce demand for palm oil, Prof Chuck leads another team that has created its own yeastsourced alternative. Prof Chuck says that he and his colleagues - biologists, chemists, mechanical engineers, chemical engineers and food scientists - worked hard to find a yeast that was sufficiently robust and produced high oil yields. "You put the yeast in a horrendous environment, forcing it to evolve so it can survive. You're simply speeding up a natural process," he explains. After hundreds of generations of yeast, and years of trial and error, they arrived at a unique strain called metschnikowia pulcherrima, or MP for short. MP is said to be hardy and not fussy what it eats. It can be fed on grass and food waste. And at the point of harvesting, its cells are full of oil. Even the leftover yeast cell biomass need not go to waste. It can be used for other products, for example creating a substitute for soya protein. Prof Chuck says the aim is for the oil to be as sustainable as possible. "In the best case scenarios we've modelled," he says, "it could be even just a couple of percent of the greenhouse gas emissions from palm oil grown in Indonesia or Malaysia." After a successful pilot, the team is now ramping up to industrial scale. And a private business has been formed called Clean Food Group, which recently partnered with a yet to be revealed UK supermarket. Prof Chuck hopes that in five years, we could see 500,000-litre bioreactors, similar to those used by major breweries, producing the yeast - and giving palm oil a run for its money. So, can we live without palm oil? Lab-developed alternatives could become a crucial tool in combating climate change caused by deforestation, plus preventing biodiversity loss and future food insecurity. "There's a lot of excitement and hype - a lot of people rushing into this space. And that's great," says Prof Chuck. "The mounds of oil produced globally are so enormous - there's space for everybody."

87 Passive Voice 1. were blamed 2. is created 3. is called 4. is fed 5. is planted 6. is said 7. be fed 8. has been formed 9. be revealed Tenses • Present Simple • Present Perfect • Past Simple Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb blamed Regular Verb Transitive Verb created Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb called Regular Verb Transitive Verb fed Irregular Verb Transitive Verb planted Irregular Verb Transitive Verb said Irregular Verb Intransitive Verb formed Regular Verb Transitive Verb revealed Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb fed Irregular Verb Transitive Verb

88 iPhone 14: Can India replace China as the world's factory? Last week, Apple announced plans to make its latest phone model - iPhone 14 - in India, a significant milestone in the company's strategy to diversify manufacturing outside of China. Five percent of iPhone 14 production is expected to shift to the country this year, much sooner than analysts had anticipated. By 2025, a quarter of all iPhones the company makes could be produced in India, say analysts at investment bank JP Morgan. Apple has been manufacturing iPhones in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu since 2017. But the decision to make their flagship model in India is a noteworthy step as trade tensions between Beijing and Washington show no signs of letting up. The move also assumes significance in the backdrop of the global supply chain "de-risking" which is underway because of China's "zero-Covid" policy. 'China plus one' Beijing's hard-line approach to eradicating the pandemic has led to industrial lockouts and large-scale supply chain disruptions As a result, global firms are increasingly adopting a "plus one" strategy - or avoiding investing in China alone - to re-orient their supply chains. "Companies are no longer willing to sit and wait for a policy change in China, or put their eggs in one basket for their sourcing needs," Oscar De Bok, CEO of logistics company DHL's supply chain business, told the BBC. "They want to make sure they have two or three alternatives," said Mr De Bok, adding that this trend towards "omni-sourcing" had clear beneficiaries in countries like India, Vietnam and Mexico.Mr. De Bok was in India's financial capital Mumbai to announce a €500mn ($49mn; £43mn) investment to double DHL's warehousing capacity and headcount in the next five years. He said this commitment was driven, in part, by the growth of foreign investment in sectors such as manufacturing and electronics where Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government has been offering financial incentives to companies that are keen on making India their production hub. As part of this production-linked incentives (PLI) scheme, mining conglomerate Vedanta Resources has also earmarked investments of close to $20bn (£17bn) to set up a semiconductor plant in India in collaboration with the Taiwanese electronics manufacturing giant Foxconn.Anil Agarwal, Chairman of Vedanta Resources, said last month that the world was looking to adopt a "China plus one" strategy and that "India is clearly in a sweet spot". Advantage India India, which is Asia's third largest economy, has been working hard to position itself as an attractive manufacturing and exports hub for multinationals. It has a large domestic market and plentiful low-cost talent. With GDP growth in the range of 6-7%, and headline inflation that's more modest than in many other parts of the world, India has been one of the better-performing major economies this year. Its merchandise exports crossed the $400bn mark after stagnating at the $300bn ballpark for nearly a decade. Besides fiscal sops, Mr Modi's administration has also been giving a major push to bilateral trade pacts in a bid to integrate India more deeply into global supply chains and rejig its image as a notoriously slow negotiating partner. Businesses have welcomed these initiatives.

89 But India's approach to trade liberalisation, experts say, has been one step forward three steps back. The rush to sign free trade agreements to improve market access and reduce tariffs has been accompanied by rallying cries of self-reliance and duties going up on at least 3,000 items, many of them on critical inputs in manufacturing processes. Privately, many foreign companies also complain about the lack of a level playing field and growing protectionism. Small and medium-sized companies - the backbone of India's economy - continue to find it hard to navigate India's byzantine bureaucracy. Truly disruptive reforms on land acquisition and quicker licensing have been elusive, experts say. And rickety infrastructure remains a major sticking point. "Apple is certainly a success story so far but making India a manufacturing hub will require not just big-ticket headline grabbing investments but also a supportive ecosystem for SMEs [Small and Medium Enterprises]," says Mihir Sharma, director at the Observer Research Foundation (ORF). "It is too early to tell if all these investments will be made at scale, and whether they will be sustainable over time." Mr. Sharma says SMEs - which employ a bulk of India's workforce - have been largely left out of Mr. Modi's fiscal incentives scheme. According to ORF, barring textiles and apparel, the scheme doesn't cover other labour-intensive manufacturing industries which could enable India to meaningfully leverage the plus-one strategy of export-led growth and create jobs for the 12mn Indians joining the workforce every year. Mr. Sharma adds that India will need to upskill its workforce and create "a more welcoming business climate" to be able to compete with other Asian economies. Thailand, Vietnam and South Korea - all stand significantly above India in the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business rankings. Vietnam has also created a 2030 master plan to build an integrated infrastructure corridor critical for mass manufacturing. Tipping point But despite these timeworn challenges, India is in a better position than ever before to leverage this "historic opportunity", says Alex Capri, Research Fellow at the Hinrich Foundation. He says that certain "key concentrated nodes" in India - southern states such as Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and the National Capital Region in the north - are well poised to develop a critical mass in manufacturing, as the US and its allies decouple from China. This is likely to unleash an era of competitive federalism among the states. India could also benefit from Taiwanese tech companies moving capacity to the country under "friend-shoring" arrangements to take advantage of the easy availability of cheap talent, Mr Capri adds.So is this a tipping point? "One of my Indian friends told me, India never misses an opportunity..... to miss an opportunity. But I think this time it is different," Mr Capri says.

90 Passive Voice 1. be produced 2. was driven 3. has been accompanied 4. be made Tenses • Present Simple • Present Perfect • Past Simple Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb produced Regular Verb Transitive Verb driven Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb accompanied Regular Verb Transitive Verb made Irregular Verb Intransitive Verb

91 How Aussie farmers are hoping to win over tequila fans. Thousands of large, spikey, cactus-like plants poke out of sun-baked earth, watched over by green-brown hills. When they reach maturity - in six to eight year's time - this crop, known as agaves, will be harvested. The plant hearts will be cooked, fermented, and then distilled to make Mexico's favourite type of spirit. Just don't use the word tequila, this crop is located 14,000km (8,700 miles) away from Mexico in Australia. Tequila, (and its sister spirit mezcal), can only be made in Mexico from Mexican agaves. Instead, the juice from these Australian plants will ultimately be turned into "Australian agave spirit". These agaves are being grown in Queensland, in a "dry tropical" microclimate, between the coastal towns of Airlie Beach and Bowen that sit opposite the Whitsunday Islands. There are other plantations in New South Wales and South Australia. The Queensland agaves, all 500,000 of them, are being grown by Australian spirits company Top Shelf International (TSI). It first started planting them last year. The project is being led by TSI president Trent Fraser, who was appointed last year. Born and raised in South Australia, he spent the previous six years working in the Mexican state of Jalisco, where he helped French luxury goods and drinks giant, LVMH, launch its own tequila brand - Volcàn de mi Terra. "Where Jalisco is 20 degrees north of the equator, we're 20 degrees south," says Mr Fraser, talking about Queensland. He explains that the temperature and level of rainfall, are almost identical in both places - creating ideal conditions for growing agave to make spirits from. "The agave plant really loves sunlight. It really flourishes in an abundance of not just sunlight, but heat." To optimise growing conditions for the plants TSI is collaborating with horticulturalists from Adelaide University, and it has also received a research grant from the Australian government. However, Mr Fraser adds that the agave plants are not too fussy. "The plant is really resilient, like it's really sturdy. It can grow on the side of a concrete highway." Further down the eastern side of Australia, Black Snake Distillery is a family business already making agave spirit near the New South Wales town of Narrabri, around 500km north of Sydney. Rosemary and Steve Beale were inspired to try making a mezcal-style spirit when their daughter returned from travelling in the Americas and suggested that the agaves growing wild along the creek near their farm might be similar to those used to make tequila and mezcal. It turned out that the species is a decorative plant called agave americana, which is different from the blue agave plant used to make tequila, (this is the type being grown by TSI in Queensland). Agave americana, unlike blue agave, contains saponins: organic chemicals that give the plant a soapy taste and hinder the process of fermentation. However, the Black Snake Distillery has developed a way of extracting the saponins after harvesting the plant's spiky arms. The use of agave americana is said to give the Black Snake spirit a distinct flavour versus traditional Mexican mezcal. "The taste is a very vegetal, green, but also peppery and spicy," says Rosemary Beale. "And as we use eucalyptus wood to roast the agave, people have often felt they can taste the mint of the wood, and melon." The Beales' agave spirits are currently being sold throughout Australia, and won a silver medal at the 2021 London Spirits Awards. However, creating an agave spirit without hundreds of years of inherited tradition has not been a walk in the park for Black Snake.

92 "It's not easy making agave spirits in Australia," says Ms Beale. "We had no one to ask for help. We had many tastes and batches I rejected." The tequila industry is a big money-spinner for Mexico, with globalsales hitting $13bn last year, according to one report. Meanwhile, sales of mezcal reached $790m. The difference between the two drinks is that tequila has to be made from blue agaves grown only in one area of Mexico, while mezcal can use any agave from all over the country. A number of other nations are also now growing agaves and turning them into a spirit drink, such as the US and India, but production is tiny compared with Mexico. Luis Fernando Félix Fernández, president of the National Chamber of the Tequila Industry, says it is challenging for foreign distilleries to make a convincing agave spirit. He says this is because Mexicans have been fermenting agave for generations, and are therefore more familiar with the plant and its particularities. Mr. Fernández stressed that his role is to protect the "denomination of origin" of tequila, to protect the cultural identity of something uniquely Mexican. "They [Australians] can make some drink, but they cannot call it tequila, and that clearly detracts from the chances of success, because what people know today is a drink that is called tequila," he says. To help make the best agave spirit possible, the Beales travelled from Australia to Mexico, in order to learn from experienced tequila and mezcal crafters. And they rely on the advice of Mexicans during the process of fermentation and distillation. Mr Fraser says he will also be seeking help from Mexican growers when his agaves are ready for harvesting. "If my Mexican family [his friends in Jalisco] end up spitting it out, we've got a problem," he says. With booming global demand for tequila set to continue - the value of worldwide sales is tipped to more than double between 2021 and 2027 - one expert on the drink, New York-based Amanda Swanson, thinks that a successful Australian agave spirit industry could ease pressure on tequila and mezcal production in Mexico. Ms Swanson, who is a trained tequila and mezcal sommelier, adds that the Australian products could win over drinkers. "It will definitely be something different [to try]," she adds.

93 Passive Voice 1. be harvested 2. be cooked, fermented 3. be made 4. are being grown 5. is being led 6. was appointed 7. is called Tenses • Present Simple • Present Continuous • Past Simple Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb harvested Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb fermented Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb cooked Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb made Irregular Verb Intransitive Verb grown Irregular Verb Intransitive Verb led Irregular Verb Transitive Verb appointed Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb called Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb

94 Global recession warning as World Bank cuts economic forecast The global economy is "perilously close to falling into recession", according to the latest forecast from the World Bank. It expects the world economy to grow by just 1.7% this year - a sharp decrease from the 3% it predicted in June. The report blames a number of factors stemming from Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the impact of the pandemic. The effects of higher interest rates are picked out as the key challenge for policy makers to overcome. World Bank president David Malpass said the downturn would be "broad-based" and growth in people's earnings in almost every part of the world was likely to "be slower than it was during the decade before Covid-19". The 1.7% growth figure would be the lowest since 1991, with the exceptions of the recessions of 2009 and 2020, which were caused by the global financial crisis and the Covid pandemic. The World Bank said the US, the Eurozone and China - the three most influential parts of the world for economic growth - were "all undergoing a period of pronounced weakness", a downturn that was worsening the problems faced by poorer countries. After surging 5.3% in post-pandemic 2021, growth in the world's richest economies is likely to slow sharply from 2.5% in 2022 to just 0.5% this year. "Over the past two decades, slowdowns of this scale have foreshadowed a global recession," the bank warned, adding that it anticipated "a sharp, long-lasting slowdown". If a global recession were to occur, it would be the first time since the 1930s that there have been two global recessions within the same decade. Tackling rising prices Higher inflation is one of the main reasons that the global economy is struggling. Global food and energy prices jumped last year as the war in Ukraine led to reduced crop supplies and pushed the West to move away from Russian fossil fuels. The World Bank said it expected the global pace of price rises to slow from 7.6% in 2022 to 5.2% this year, as those pressures ease. While some "prices spikes are possible". the bank said it expected energy prices to fall in general. It pointed to an increase in global production and lower demand in Europe, where an energy crisis has led businesses and households to reduce their use of gas. Crop prices are also forecast to fall by 5% this year although they will still be significantly higher than they were a few years ago, having risen by 13% in 2022. Despite those developments, inflation is expected to remain well above the 2% rate typically considered healthy. Central banks in dozens of countries, including the US and the UK, have been raising interest rates in response to the problem, aiming to cool their economies and ease the pressures pushing up prices. But they are navigating a delicate path as they try to address the cost-of-living crisis while not tipping their economies into recession. The World Bank said higher borrowing costs have stifled business investments and warned that more companies were struggling with their debts. Developing economies are also being squeezed hard by US interest rates, which are expected to rise further. Many of them borrow money in US dollars. The Bank said that even with the global economy "under pressure" the right government policies could offer hope. It recommended measures to boost investments and create jobs, tackle climate change, address the debts of poorer countries and facilitate international trade.

95 Passive Voice 1. are picked 2. were caused 3. is expected 4. are also being squeezed 5. are expected Tenses • Present Simple • Present Continuous • Past Simple Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb picked Regular Verb Transitive Verb caused Regular Verb Transitive Verb expected Regular Verb Transitive Verb squeezed Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb expected Regular Verb Transitive Verb

96 Decision looms on future of Britishvolt gigafactory Shareholders were due to vote on competing bids for the planned Britishvolt battery factory in Northumberland on Friday. The result will decide the future of the troubled site, intended to produce battery packs for electric cars. It was once touted by former Prime Minister Boris Johnson as a key part of his green industrial revolution. There are two competing bids for the project, which came close to going into administration in 2022. Britishvolt's ambitious plans for the site at Cambois, near Blyth, include high-power batteries produced for a lucrative and growing electric car market. But the £4bn project came close to collapse last year. Construction work was delayed as rising costs took a heavy toll on its finances. Now, investors in the scheme are looking at two takeover bids. The first comes from a consortium led by DeaLab group, a company owned by a little-known Indonesian banker. The second has been put forward by a group of existing shareholders. Both bids would value the business at a little over £30m, with commitments to make a further investment of nearly £130m later in the year. The government has promised funding too, but this will only become available once the project has made further progress. The construction of gigafactories is vital to the future of the British car industry. However, DeaLab Group is far from a household name. It describes itself as an "alternative asset management and financial advisory firm" that invests "in a broad range of strategic projects and assets". It says it has "successfully acquired commitments for over $15bn of acquisitions , disposals and investments… in three geographical regions globally". But it offers no details. The business is registered in the UK. Its latest accounts - which had been overdue before being filed on Tuesday - show assets of £5m, and three employees. Its founder, Rezo Eko Hendranto, is a former banker at JP Morgan in their energy and natural resources division, according to his Linkedin profile. He is also registered as the sole director of Barracuda Group - a company that says it wants to become a "critical metals, new energy generation and storage producing platform". Some of the advisers listed on DeaLab Group's website are known. One, Dwessi Natelagawa, is the brother of the former Indonesian foreign minister.

97 Passive Voice 1. was delayed 2. has been put 3. are known Tenses • Present Simple • Present Perfect • Past Simple Vocabulary Regular Verb / Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb delayed Regular Verb Transitive Verb put Irregular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb known Regular Verb Transitive Verb / Intransitive Verb