42 World Health Organization (WHO). (2023). Global Initiative on Radiation Safety in Health Care Settings. WHO. https://www.who.int/initiatives/global-initiative-on-radiationsafety-in-health-care-settings Yunus, N. A., Abdullah, M. H. R. O., Said, M. A., & Ch’Ng, P. E. (2014). Assessment of radiation safety awareness among nuclear medicine nurses: A pilot study. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 546(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/546/1/012015 Zekioğlu, A., & Parlar, Ş. (2021). Investigation of awareness level concerning radiation safety among healthcare professionals who work in a radiation environment. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 14(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/16878507.2020.1777657
43 APPENDICES Appendix I : Questionnaire ENGLISH VERSION Dear respondents, I am Nur Khuzaimah binti Kasmat, a final year student of Bachelor’s Degree of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus. I am conducting my Final Year Project on a survey entitled ‘Assessment of Knowledge and Practice Towards Radiation Protection in Nuclear Medicine Department Among Radiographers”. The information from the survey will be used for academics only and will be kept confidential. It may take approximately five to ten minutes to complete this survey. Your participation in this study is entirely voluntary. You may refuse to take part in the study or you may withdraw yourself from participation in the study at any time without penalty. Your information will be kept confidential by the investigators and will not be made public unless required by law. Your commitment and cooperation are highly appreciated. Hereby my consent to participate in this study. I also agree for the publication of the data for the publication of the data for academic and research purposes. I agree to take part in this study. Please chose your answer. One answer only. First Section Demographic Data 1. Gender a. Male b. Female 2. Age a. 20-29 years b. 30-39 years
44 c. 40-49 years d. 50-59 years 3. Level of education a. Diploma b. Advance Diploma c. Degree d. Master or higher 4. What is the length of your services in the Nuclear Medicine Department? a. Less than 5years b. 6-10 years c. 11-15 years d. 16-20 years e. More than 20 years Second Section Radiation Protection Knowledge This section aimed to assess the knowledge of personnel who work in the nuclear medicine department about radiation protection. Answer the following statement based on your opinion. 5. The annual limit on the effective dose for a radiation worker set by Act 304 under Basic Safety Radiation Protection 2010 is 2mSv. a. Disagree b. Neither agree or disagree c. Agree 6. . Do you know what the TLD badge is? a. Yes b. No c. Unsure 7. Are you familiar with radioactive materials’ half life a. Yes b. No c. Unsure 8. Are you familiar with the term ALARA? a. Yes b. No c. Unsure 9. Are you familiar with the terms; stochastic and deterministic effects? a. Yes b. No
45 c. Unsure 10. Do you have an idea about the radiation risks you are exposed to at the workplace? a. Yes b. No c. Unsure 11. Are you familiar with the terms; Time, Distance, Shielding? a. Yes b. No c. Unsure 12. Do you have an idea about the various protective equipment? a. Yes b. No c. Unsure Third Section Radiation Protection Practice This section aimed to assess the practice of personnel who working in the nuclear medicine department regarding radiation protection. Answer the following statement based on your practice routine. 13. Do you wear the personal dosimeter during work a. Rarely b. Sometimes c. Often 14. Do you read your thermoluminescent dosimeter badge? a. Rarely b. Sometimes c. Often 15. Do you check all information about radiopharmaceuticals prior administration to the patient? a. Rarely b. Sometimes c. Often 16. Do you use minimal exposure time when handling radiopharmaceutical-injected patients? a. Rarely
46 b. Sometimes c. Often 17. Do you keep enough distance from the radiation source a. Rarely b. Sometimes c. Often 18. Do you ask female patients whether they are pregnant or not? a. Rarely b. Sometimes c. Often 19. Do you have the radiation symbol light working? a. Rarely b. Sometimes c. Often 20. The injection of radiopharmaceutical was injected into the patient in the control area. a. Rarely b. Sometimes c. Often
47 Appendix 2: Pilot Study Cronbachs Alpha Analyses For Knowledge Section
48 Appendix 3: Pilot Study Cronbach’s Alpha Analyses For Practice Section
49 Appendix 4: Ethical Approval Letter
50 Appendix 5: Gender Result Analysis SPSS Result Analyses
51 Appendix 6: Age Group Analysis Result
52 Appendix 7: Education Level Analysis Result
53 Appendix 8: Analysis Of Years Of Services
54 Appendix 9: Analysis of The Level Of Knowledge And Practice
55 Appendix 10: Analysis Of The Association Between Knowledge And Gender
56 Appendix 11: Analysis Of The Association Between Knowledge And Age Group
57 Appendix 12: Analysis Of The Association Between Knowledge And Certification
58 Appendix 13: Analysis Of The Association Between Knowledge And Years Of Services
59 Appendix 14: Analysis Of The Association Between Gender And Practice
60 Appendix 15: Analysis Of The Association Between Practice And Age
61 Appendix 16: Analysis Of The Association Between Practice And Certification
62 Appendix 17: Analysis Of Association Between Practice And Years Of Services
Appendix 18: Gantt Chart
63
64 Appendix 19: Ouriginal Similarity Result