3.-ppt-institutional-arrangments

Waste management:
Institutional arrangements

in India

Session learning objectives

• To understand the institutional arrangements for
management of waste in India

• Mapping out actors and responsibilities
• An overview of working of waste management system in

the country, right from planning, implementation,
monitoring etc.
• Information about provisions of various rules governing
the management of different kinds of waste to identify
how waste is managed

– Important for identifying audit issues

Session Plan

• Management of Waste: Institutional arrangements

– Policy/ planning
– Rules/legislations for management of waste

• Management of biomedical, municipal, E-waste, hazardous waste, used
batteries, recycled plastics

– Implementation
– Monitoring
– Standard setting
– Funding

Management of Waste: Institutional
arrangements

• Policy/ planning
• Rules/legislations for management of waste
• Implementation
• Monitoring
• Standard setting
• Funding

Policy/Planning agencies

• Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF)

– nodal agency of the Government of India for pollution control
including waste

– Forests and environment departments in the states
– However, they adopt policy/rules etc., made by MoEF

• Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) constituted in
September 1974

– autonomous body of MoEF under the Water (Prevention and
Control of Pollution) Act,1974

– serves as a field formation and provides technical services to
MoEF for the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

– State Pollution Control Boards at state level

Rules for Management of Waste

• Drafted by MoEF
• Included in the category of “environment protection”; A sub set of

hazardous substances management
• kinds of wastes for which rules exist

– Biomedical waste
– Municipal solid waste
– E waste
– Hazardous waste
– Batteries
– Recycled plastics

• No rules for

– construction and demolition waste
– Agricultural waste
– Packaging waste

Management of Biomedical waste

• Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998;
Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) (Amendment)
Rules, 2003

• In 2011, MoEF notified the new Draft Bio-Medical Waste
(Management & Handling) Rules, 2011

• Provisions

– includes waste generated by the health care facilities (more than
1000 patients a month), Research facilities and Laboratories

– applies to all persons who generate, collect, receive, transport, treat,
dispose, store, or handle bio-medical waste in any form.

– duty of the occupier, to set up requisite bio-medical waste treatment
facilities like incinerator, autoclave, microwave etc., or ensure
requisite treatment at a common waste treatment facility.

Management of Biomedical waste

– Segregation to take place at the point of generation in accordance with schedule
II (colour coding and type of container for disposal of bio-medical wastes)
before its storage, transportation

– Bio-medical waste to be treated and disposed in accordance with Schedule I
(describes different categories of bio-medical waste (10) and their treatment
options

• Draft rules

– every operator or occupier has to set up bio-medical waste treatment
facilities/arrange for treatment regardless of number of patients

– every occupier to set up bio-medical waste treatment equipment prior to
commencement of its operation or make necessary arrangements to ensure
requisite treatment through an authorized common bio-medical waste treatment
facility

– the number of categories of wastes has been reduced from 10 to 8
– colour coding for containers or bags (Yellow, red, blue or black) for the collection

of various categories of bio-medical waste including treatment options has been
clearly specified to avoid overlapping

Management of Municipal Solid Waste

• Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000
• Draft Municipal Solid Waste (management and handling) Rules 2013
• Provisions

– Every municipal authority within its territorial area is responsible for the
implementation of these rules

– Municipal authority has to take authorization from SPCB for setting up waste
disposal facilities

– Secretary/Urban Development of the concerned shall have the overall
responsibility for enforcement of these in metropolitan cities

– municipal solid waste generated in a city or a town, shall be managed and
handled in accordance with the compliance criteria and the procedure laid
down in Schedule-II.
• Lays down parameters for issues like collection, segregation,
transportation, storage, processing and disposal of waste

Management of Municipal Solid Waste

• Draft rules

– mandatory for municipalities in the state to develop landfills
and submit annual reports to state government and pollution
control board

– detailed guidelines and specifications for setting up landfills
– Municipal bodies to develop the necessary infrastructure

development for collection, storage, segregation,
transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid
waste directly or by engaging agencies or groups as per the
rules
– Mandatory for the municipal authority to prepare solid waste
management plan as per the policy of the state government

E waste

• E-waste Management and Handling Rules 2011
– includes IT components like computer and its accessories-
monitors, printers, keyboards, central processing units;
– Electrical items like TVs, air conditioners, refrigerators mobile
phones and chargers, remotes, compact discs, headphones etc.
– almost any household or business item with circuitry or electrical
components with power or battery supply

• Provisions
– Responsibility of the producer includes

• collection of e-waste during manufacture/ end of life (Extended Producer
Responsibility (EPR)’ which holds producers responsible for their products
beyond manufacturing until the environmentally sound management of their
end of life products is achieved),

E waste

• setting up collection centers/take back systems

– Responsibilities of consumer, collection center, dismantlers,
recyclers etc., listed out

– Urban Local Bodies given responsibility to collect and channelize
the orphan products to the authorized collection centers,
dismantlers or recyclers

– bans the use of hazardous chemicals namely lead, cadmium,
mercury, hexavalent chromium, PBB and poly-brominated
diphenyl ethers (PBDE)

Management of Hazardous Waste

• “Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Trans-
boundary Movement) Rules, 2008”

• Provisions

– any waste, which by virtue of any of its physical, chemical, reactive,
toxic, flammable, explosive or corrosive characteristics causes/is
likely to cause danger to health/environment

– includes wastes generated from 36 industrial processes
– Occupier of hazardous waste required to perform responsibilities for

safe handling, treatment, storage
– Methods for transport and disposal of hazardous waste
– Occupier/operator of a Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and

Disposal Facility required to obtain authorization for generation,
processing, treatment, package, storage, transportation, use,
collection, destruction, conversion, offering for sale, transfer

Management of Hazardous Waste

– import of hazardous wastes from any country to India not
permitted for dumping

– Import of hazardous wastes allowed for processing/re-use as
raw material, after examining each case on merit by MoEF

– categories of hazardous wastes prohibited for import and export
are listed

– SPCBs/PCCs accord authorization to actual user for handling,
transport, treatment, storage or disposal of hazardous wastes

– CPCB responsible for compiling the report on inventorisation of
hazardous wastes after collecting the information from various
SPCBs / PCCs

Management of batteries

• Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001
• Provisions

– Manufacturers/Assemblers/Re-conditioners, Importers, Dealers,
Bulk Consumers / Auctioneers /Recyclers and Consumers of
Lead Acid Batteries are to comply with the provisions

– Have the following responsibilities

• Manufacturers, Importers, Assemblers and Re-conditioners: Ensure
collection of used batteries, set up collection centers, Ensure that used
batteries collected are sent only to the registered recyclers etc

– Dealers

• Ensure collection of used batteries against new batteries sold

Management of batteries

– Bulk Consumers

• Ensure that used batteries are disposed off by depositing with the dealer /
manufacturer / registered recycler/ importer / re-conditioner or at the
designated collection centre

– Consumers

• Ensure that used batteries are disposed off by depositing with the dealer,
manufacturer, importer, assembler , registered recycler, re-conditioner or at
the designated collection centres

– Recyclers

• Ensure strict compliance of the terms and conditions of registration

Management of re-cycled plastic
waste

• Plastic Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011
• Provisions

– No person shall manufacture, stock, distribute or sell any carry
bag made of virgin or recycled or compostable plastic, which is
less than 40 microns in thickness

– SPCB prescribed authority responsible for enforcement of
provisions on authorization, manufacturing, recycling and
disposal

– municipal bodies responsible for setting up and enforcement of
the provisions pertaining to use, collection, segregation,
transportation and disposal of used plastics

Management of re-cycled plastic
waste

• Conditions for manufacturing, stocking, sale and use of plastic carry
bags and sachets

– carry bags to be manufactured in white/using pigments/colourants which
are in conformity with Indian Standards listed under IS 9833:1981

– recycled carry bags to conform to the Indian Standard IS 14534:1998

– Carry bags made from compostable plastics to have label as
“compostable” and conform to the Indian Standard IS/ISO 17088:2088

• Plastic material, in any form, shall not be used in any package for
packing gutkha, pan masala and tobacco in all forms

Implementing agencies

• Municipal Solid Waste

– Municipal authorities

• Bio medical Waste

– Hospital authorities

• Plastic Waste

– Concerned District Magistrate/ District Commissioner

• Hazardous waste:

– industry/generators of waste

• E- waste

– Producers/manufacturers

• Batteries

– Manufacturers/dealers

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Monitoring agencies

• Overall implementation of waste related rules monitored
all over India by the CPCB and its zonal offices

– state pollution control boards responsible for the regulation and

monitoring of waste legislation in the states

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Standard setting

• CPCB sets standards for

– Water quality criteria: affects treatment of waste before its
discharge into waster body

– Standards for Emission or Discharge of Environmental Pollutants
from various Industries

– Bio medical waste incinerators/Hazardous waste incinerators
– Emission Standards for Common Hazardous Waste Incinerators
– Emission and discharge standards for municipal waste
– National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Funding waste

• Funding for the implementation of waste rules dispersed

˗ With funding being from various ministries to improve urban
infrastructure and sanitation; with waste management also being a part
of these projects

˗ JNNURM

• No specific program for waste management funded by
the central/state government

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