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U 04 A T1 21oal25s5

Anode 0xidation Voltmeter

Zn Zn+2

Cathede Reduetien Anode Salt bridge Cathode
(Reduction)
Cu2 Oxidation)|zn KCL
Cu

Kc kCI

Z 24 Zn50,30

N% | |Znls)| Znso,laq) Cuso,(ag) Cu(S)

C AA Cr Anede

KNo, K Cathede

K N0 Zinc Anode Copper Cathode

Cathode Aneda

NHNO, >NH No Cua

22 Oidation Reductie s

41 104 3 *+Cu CusO
25
AAAAnanUn men

aOalvanic coll Veltaic cel

Anodeau 0xidotion

Cathode 1on Reductio

04 Am 20212565

w 1o-111 RAaLan bmásan blecroluti c

Reduction Zns) Culs)

Zn+20 Zn

Oxidation

CL C + 2e

gu i12 wrauaveadöunlnsään

Spentane0us) bnalala

Zn +Zn C+ 24 alvanl C +NISNhGh

Flachelytic

nen spentane ous) nakeo aba

)CuReductionCathode da@ Laik Cuis)
Cu+2
Ux1dation Anode

ZnZn 2

anyasb219n 112ovuvaríüinlwmäin

eCsthede Red

a2N+2e 2N

Anede 0x

22CI+2e Cl,
Na Cl, Redox
QNa C

Battery

Anode Cathode

-Cr Na Inert
electrodes

NaCL

104 21l02 12565

1. 5u%ad 63lvanic Cell Electrolytiu l
Oxidation
Galvanic CellVs ElectrolyticCell eOxidotion

n changes energy heduction Reductien
Chemical Spontaneous Non Spentaneous
Changoschemicaeneruy Riedatio tuasReduction1esAatdales (II)lea8,

da io onneous A

isve Ped.

Does

2.BnitndanöbATLsioriu103baw60ne

41 112 uudnia 11.3
1. b8991n Cu viwueia 8enbaánom Zn ésuan31 sassneeusu9

C , 4ma8da (TI)anle(CuSo)uagiamen ZnSo,)la,ans 1ani
u e basnsamn b áin (Z)naulau*no3vTAoCu)LAAOUU

2avanic ma)

Ox F F2+2e Anode

Red 2A 2A2e q CathodeD

Redex Fe2Aq F Aq 2.1

imElectrolutic 2e O0x Avodp Ag(s)

CAned C Fefs) V+0,%O

C* 2Cothed Cu E -0-y4V

C CRedex CJ+Cu 2.2

Cdis) Culs)

O4 A 21l02 2545

11.3.2 HGLMADe\Kad cel notation

Zn aq)CunnCac

Red

ZnAnade Zn (5) Laa) +2

Cathode Cutcaq)+20 uG)

19 Ox

Anode 2Feaq2F2aat 2e

athsde Sntaq +2 Sn*Laq)Re

F4)Fag)Sntag)Sntcaq)

FeL41115 111 F,cagC taq U,caa Pt

Anede Ox Fe Fe2 +2e

CathedaAd 2Cl +2e 2C1

edex Fe1Cl F.2F220

Anode,0x Sn Sn4t20

2C+2CCathode Red
2e

Aelox Sn*+2CY 3* Sna2C2+

WA 3 0x

04 An
211o2lnss

3F91116 221 2Cr(S) can) 2C(ag)+ 3reC5)

C 3eC 3* Ox 2 Re

F22 F
)Crt9 Caa)F,2taa Fe
Ax 0

+1

2.2 Ht aAaaq) H02 2Hqs)

Red

AaPtus H,ta), Hcoq)A* caq 82

2 2A 2Aa

Cus) Cucag) |Zcaq)lZn()

nnšCuts)I C (aq

ww.mass1%6AUjn ánvu Zq) Zn(s)

Oxioation (Anode) CCuLs) C (aq) t2e
ZnReductien Cathed)Zcag+2e
t5)

nRedox Culs)+Z"ca) Cucop Zn (5)

E E Zq)lE cell
catheds Anelé Znt Cucaql Cuw

+0 94--o.7) +1.1o V

Eel-Ecathede EAnode

0.-(+0.34) =-1.10 V

04Adn

a en9

-Oxidation (Anede) Sn Sn"Lan)+2e

|-Reduchion Cahedo a0+2 Cuc)

-LUh1nh Ox Snts Sn*caq
Ccag Cw
-hm Red

Sn Sna)|Cucaq|Cu

o6n, 10 Ma)+2Fcaq) eqt2Fecaq) Redo

Oidation (Anode) Mas M,a0)+20

2 + 2"aqReduction(Catheda) Feroq) 20

MoqOADAma
Macs

-LLA.mRed Fecoq, Feag)PcS)

-LuR mhsAÁ Mats)|Mcaa) Fecan),F.ca |Ptc)

aq, H,Znis) ta,1atm)|PtswaT
1M) I| H'c8a,1

-Oxidatim Anode)Znts Znca+20

-Reduction (Cathoda 2Haqí+2 Hata

-Redox Znt)2H"(ag) Zncaq)+H2ca)

8)Z2-b& 946mn Ox Zn a, 1M)

Am Bed H*Ca4,1M H2 cq,1atm) Ptcs)

04eri

CXercise

1.What is the correche cell notadion for a yeltaic cel bssed on

the reactior belon

CuCaa) Fes) Cucs)+Fe"cag)

0x F*FetsFca43 Red Cu*(84)Cus5

Ccaq|Cell notatien fecs)lFcaq) Cus)

2.Choose the correct 3cell notation for the resction below.

+3 Aucs) + Al *caq

Au"Caa)+ Al cs) Bed Au2 (agAu(s)

Ox Alc A1*(aa A1a4 || Au caq | Au()

Cell notatien Al Cs)

3iven the followin netatien for an electro chemical ce

Pt H sa) H*caq lha 343Aq ts),

wha is the balanced over all (net) Cell Teoction

Ox 2H, 2H+2e

hed 2hgt+ 2e 2A

Redex H +2Aqt 2H+2Aq

4 Determine the Cell netatien for the redox reaction giveh below

H,Sncs2H caq)- Scaq) ta
|Ox Snts) Sn (aq)

Red H'taq) H,cg| Ptes)

c SngSn ll H'cepl H,cq)| Ptes)

5A voteic cell prepared using nidkel and io di ne has the

tollewing cell nototion

|l,1Nis2 N2(a.q) (aqlqraphite

uhieh of the ellawinq epresents the coryecly balanced

2spentan e0s 2cflon equation foy the cell
Ox Ni N.2 -+2e

hod I,+2e

Nihodox Ni+I,- Ni22T

Wite athe sdandand Ptnetation elecirodes) fey the

Tollowlna Yeauriom

J+3

21 T,2Mn (aq)
| PsCall notatien Phe lIcey I,«9ll M.*oqp,Malcag lcoq)+2(5)

2Mncaq

Red Mn3caq),Mtaqy Phus

04AAn

11.3.3 Ánsi haasyLad Cellporential Ea Voltmeter
n)
(QUan
8 3n1,at0) nSo Cuso
Zn5o.aq)||Cuso,

Voltmeter

Anodo Zn Zn"+2e Anode Saltbridge Cathode

Catheda Cu 2e (Oxidation)Zn KCL Cu (Reduction)

Half cel notetion |Cuso

Oxidstion Znts) |Ln (aq Znso Cuso,(aqg) Cu(S)

Zns)| Znso,(aq)

LCoqRadu.ction Cuts)

Cell notatien ZnoZniaglCuiaQ)Cuc)
-o7,V t0.34V

FceltEesthodeAnb

+0.34 (-0.TL)

= +1.0V

Voltmeter

Anade Co) Ccan)2e Calhodes Salt bridge Awo

Lathode Zntaq):2 Zn(9 ZnATOele (CuReductian)

Oxidation

Half cell netation

Oxidation Cu Ceq ZnSO CuSo,

Reduetion Znaa1Znt) Znis)| Znso.laq)|| Cuso laq|Culs)

C nat atien Cus)Cuaa)Za)|LLnts)

EEcell-Ecathode- Anode

07-(+0,34)

V-1.10

04APn on
H0
02C0337

Cu

Stan&st) redution potential,

)saowaA nensg4 standord hydr0qan holf coll

2HT ca)+20 H,tg)

E-0.00o ,ele.cte de SHE

0 laan o8lnsauanens Sga standard hudroqen

Anode Oxidatipn) Hrta)2HTaq)+ 20

CathodeRedwction) Cuaq) +2 Cuts

Cenetation

PL IH tq)H'aq | Coa lCu)

Pts) tq,18.tm) Haq,1 IlCoq,1MICu

EceFcathodemode
40.34 V 0.00V +0.34V

0.34 Eahode 0. 00 V

Fcahee +0.34 V Temperature High resistance
25C (298K) Voltmeter
n 2caq) m
Hydrogen gas Salt bridge
atmospnere
Anoden ts) lecu
Standard
2eCathode 2Htay Hydrogen Anod
electrode
H,q)
Caenode

Catalytic
atin
surtace

moldm m1 mol

(aq) Zn" (aq)ions

OxndationZn Zn*laq

Redution HtaqH,cq)Ptts)
Zn Zn84|cell netation
Z HTaq|H,ca)1Ptes

cahada Anode

0.1 0.00 Anode

0.7b V
Aned

04A

C

4415918AmNLAIn P122
|SAA2811 A12
msnaas noha

A +3e
A "(aq) Al), Cu S)taa)|_Cut
A) -A,V Anode

2 E-+0.94V Cathod.

Catnode LAvode

V-40.94-(-1bb)

+2.00

Alts) Ace4)+2e Cay) lls)
Cnotatian AlcsAc

mh91MAÁ Caq |Cus),PtsEaq),Fag

F FCuCu E+34
Fe+ E-+011V

EhFcsthodeAebe

+0.1-(+o.34)

t0.43 V

Cu C+20

Cell netation Cuts)Cu2g) lf*ta), FžcaqlPha

0.1bV .OO V 04AA1

&Ht Znaolib%15atnsa Hc) .0M
ZaA) HC1.Oxieadien Znt
2 H'qr

Redwcio 2Hcaq)+2
ZZns)+2Hoq
Redex ta)+H,q

2 Ehad.0o Anade

-Co.b)

- +0.1b V

6o8n915 2Alts) 3Cucaq) 2A1 taqt Cu (s)

E Anode
cell cathode

o0x 2Als) 2A 2 3e Aned E -1.Gh V
+0,34V
Ked 3 an) +32e Cs)Cathode
C

*0.34-1.60)

+2.00 V

0451

Cn o6 ORIdoto
Crts)
Red tcrion

Staqp,Sn aa

AOzidation 2C Cr 22e -0.AV

3SReduction +322 392E+0.13V

Kadox 2G 7sSn 2C+3S

1.2 2s}wde |

+0.43- -0.9A)

t0

2.1 NiesNCa4) Ccaq) Cu)
o.25V +831N

celt

0.94--o. 25)

+0.5 V

2l2 Fecs 1fecag) AtCan+)01.Aaots)

E cathodaAvr

+0, So -(o.14)_

+1.24 V

.3Macs1 Mt Fo),fca IPt)
2.37 +0,97

F
Anode
t0,7-(-2.37)

+3.04 V

+ +3.4 Macs) 2AqTLo4 Macaa2 2A4()Radox

Hale Maq V1Mats E-2.39 standard reduction
A"mAqts)ts)t-+0.s0 J potential "E
Cel
notatien

FaadhodEpmolr

+0,0-(-2.31)

+3.

a)3.2ns) Cl2q) Z au+20

|Half cel nedatiom

Anode Znu 2aa) E-0 V

Cathade,cal Claq PHs E +1.3,V

q1Phcell nod stion Znis31Zap)Clha 1Cl

E othodAsle

+1.3be-o.9)

n+2 +2.42 V 4
3.3 2 + 2Fecaa)Sn (34) +2 Fe (aq)
(aq)

Hof cel notation

Anod Ps)1SRtaq),Staq4) E +0.13V

Cothod Fecaq), F"ca q Pto E+0.nV
l |netation Phus)1 Sn'tay,Sydla
Fetaa, Fi2talPtcs

Anode

+0.1-(+0. 13)

0,64 V

+3.4 2Al 3fa) 2Aaa 04M

3Ees

Half cellnetadion E1.4 V

AaqAnode Al E 0.44 V

F2Cathode caq lEeL

Aeqcell notadien Al F2aq|Fe5

FrtEalhedEAree

-0.44-(-A. bh)

t122 V

v

tetaa)t 30 RFec E0.04 V

SnSnraq)+- 3) F-0.14 V =70x

Oxidotion 3Sncs) 3Stn aq)+320

2 2tets)
3
Rodwc on 2Fa)3e

Rodox 3SntS)+2teLaa

|Half celnetadion
Anode SnCS) Snea)

Cathede feCop Pe.co

|Fe)Cell notadion Sres) SFiay l| Eeaq

celE thode Anode

20,04- Co.14)

t0,10 V

A

nle caq) m nV4119nms ns D4

hsu11.4 Sing

veo)a áLn

Aana Prinay l1adJ iudans iasevunlne

Scoundexy cel 1inlul neeadans
MnO, fundeuvuslwié

(NH,C unsZnCl,luuavade

usiudanAsiDuuslun

u11.6 Useneveoa0ulwane

Anode Zn 2n° +2 Hnode ZM

Cad hode 2nn0 2NH+2e hngls+2NH,+H,o

Redex Z +2Mn0g+2NH ntnnlzt2 NH,1H,a
Ainuedneoia2a+mHld,o+20NHa00H++2k2o4H +un21NH,4C22H2h,C0l

ZnCathode 21,0, j2H +20 ,,0*H,0+2H
20H

n,,H2Hn.O2t +2e 0, t20H

Redex 2n+2Mn0 Zn 0+Mnglg

ZnAnode Zn tH,0t20H 2H,0

+2H+20H)-20
2n 01E-+2H
2n0 t

As0 +eCathode Ag0+2H*-20H +2e 2Aq tH,a120h

+Ho 2A,
Redo Zrn tAgz0 2n0 t2A

wwwredrav99s9arra Nownd

Anode maeféa

ZnO

Cahode Apf

wuelien@š e1:1

cid

Arid Amode Pb +2 2
Phs04

UnIAA

50Anode Pbsot

ty-2 xl PhsP0 2H,0
Cathode Pho,+504d 12 1H,0
2/ Se
udox Ph +Ph0 t2s0

Anade Cathode Pbs0, +2e P+S03

Cathode Anede hse +eH0 Phs0t314H'12

Vo Itale Elcctrolytic

+2, 4H*Rede x 2PL5OL,
0 Pb+PLD2+250

IMA anas 2HtOq 2H,0

elechrotys Base

LIGAA Obas uDLsmndAkaline fhel cellsAFC

anede H2 *H,0+20H H, +2h*20HJ +24
LH+2OH 2H,0

2H,0 +22C Ez-T3

+Cthode 0,tuH 9oH 2H,0 +40H E40.L40

x 00 +2bhte 4H
2H 2 2H,0
9

Ece t0.40- (-0,5 ) t1.23 V

Bá wa ;bw5aomlaí AIkalime tmel celk AFC

Ho alan

H

1

sáns

Ireton exthano membranetuel cell PEMFC

2H2Aneda 2H 2) fa00 H,ouaiueen H0an

H

+0Coxhod 0+4H*+qe 2H0 b-123 Ha
Radax 2H, H,0 H,i9 OO

ce t1.23-0.00t1.23V eoñuei
2U.#usenoueDAnOINäauuuieuanivieuluzme

Msa1.4. njou ve))py MOL01sVooru

2 0)xidatioh 2fe -x2

2 0Klox fe t0, t2H, 2Fe+u0H

1 F 20H Pel0H,
2 F.FelOH) +O4 +2H,
[0H),
+Pe302 2H,0 2Pe,0, 2H,0

Fe0,nH,0

FeOnHao

H,H,0 CO4 Fe2

Co, Fe

x2A nede 2 Fe TU nuUaunm
2Fe+02
0t 2H,oCacthede kvdt C 979736

4H+4e

0I8edox 2 Fe t +4H e Fu+2H

Sins

2 t4Aneds1. 6n 9onthnens 05V

+o. 40Latheds Etoa.to4.o4oyy
2ke 40H

0 t2H,0t9e
40--o.4s)+0 95 V

2,pma nUnS0 2 E

Anede Fe
0 ELatheds
t4H t9e tH,o +1.2V
Yellt1.23 -(-o,45) t). V

2 237A neds 2M
M +e

0 +Catho le
+4H 2H,0

Redox 2+O2+4H* 2H,0+2+2M,

msdeunmsuñnaiuv01viaumanviilaläilnoulaslilaveusnõeiu zu

( 2M,0
Fe
Mg

H

11 4 mvdla u URIAUT

22nAnede Z,

CathodeZn2

Zn S0

AAAnede 1e Pure Ag
anode

CathodeAq Ag Agt Ag

NO Object to be plated
cathode
A AAoullO
A NO. A +NO
No,ANo,

y1.mnso NaCI eo |uAanl4_

Nat) +CI()
92Ancde 2Cd)
t2
2 Nals
Cathede Nai)+2e

URadox 2 Na() +201 2Na (5)+L[a4g

E -2.71 3)-(41
cett

-2.71-(+1.31)

cel

4.07 V

ttofie uelina

-cf Na

,Na -2.miwSohidres
NNaalll aorlsslalhahyy
271
Na 2. mswn isA-M NaCl 0»dhw

0, l+ Na+
2 +1.3 Cly t

Ox+1.23 t4*4ë

+2e

H+20HT -0.92Ked CI N 2H

4H44e
2h00+ A24, 20
Aned 2H0>04 +4H 2g
(220F
2H*ac|Catneds l2)LH0

Reox 2H,0 0,+2H

C+2 Cu ed EV

OS,0 +u 25020x +2.01

So+44+u SO t2H,0 Red 0.20
H,9 0x
0t4H1+4e 42

t,0+ 2 H+20HRed 0-3
2
+S0CuS04
SO

0|Anede0x) 1,0

2 t4H+eE11,2VCathode (Rul) Cu+(2
2 Cu E 4.34y
20Redox 2C 2H,0 2Ck +0,+4"
to. 3-(t1.23

0.51V 39NSLUhsan1y Cuso anuh%

DC co+2 Cu

+0.34

s4+sq2Anode Cathode +2.01

02

+at4H+4ë 2Hp 1:23
20h -083
outon
An Cel
20+ 26