conceptual framework

Conceptual framework

Hamidah Ishak

what that mean…..

• How the researcher problem will have to be addresses and explored
through the research.

• It is important part for both quantative and qualitative research .
• It is founded on a theoritical framework
• The development conceptual framework that is consistent with the

problem of the study .
• Based on the identification of key concepts and the relationships

among those concepts
• Can be derived from existing theories or related variables.

Process of developing a conceptual framework

• Identified research problem
• Review of literature on the key concepts of the problem
• Theoretically define the key concept.Relationship between the key concepts is identified from existing

knowledge
• Key concept are operationallly defined into variables which are measureable
• Present the relationship between the variables in a conceptual framework
• Describe the content of the conceptual framework

Conceptual framework of study

• Is a visual or written statement that presents the main variables and
their relationship .

• Built after the researcher has conducted a careful review of
literatures on the theories and research evidence related to the
variables of the study and their relationship.

• Located after the theoritical framework at the end of the literature
review chapter in a research proposal.

Element

• Shape and arrow are used to present variables and relationship
between variables.

Representing

Rectangular shape Observe variable

Round shape unobservariable

Single -headed arrows A causal relationship
Double –headed A non-causal
arrows relationship

e.g

Observe variable Variable that measureable using Questionaire,psychological
research instrument test,achievement test ,IQ test
and as etc

Un-observariable Reflects by several E.G researcher operational
define : regarding Creativity
construct(dimension) which are are originality,fluency &
operational define elaboration

E.g
Title : Adherence ICU nurse align with Clinical Practice Guide Line in Blind
Bronchus Aspiration Sampling .

Specific Objective
1. To assses the technique in BBA sampling among ICU nurses under aseptic

technique
2. To evaluate knowledge of nurses regarding the proper technique during

BBA according Clinical Practice Guideline
3. To determine factor that cause not adherence to BBA sampling technique

Observed variable Unobserved Lack of
variable knowledges
ICU Nurse Adherences
BBA
Causal relationship CPG
Causal relationship Technique

Relationship of variables in Conceptual Framework

• 2 type of relationship in conceptual framework

• A causal relationship is represented by single-headed arrow indicates the
relationship between variables with causability(cause- and-effect). It
represent a regression from independent variable to a dependent variable.

Independent Dependent variable
variable

• A non-causal relationship is represented by a double-headed arrow indicate a
correlation (non directional relationship) between 2 variables

dependent variable Dependent variable

• Dependent variable are always placed on the right hand side

• Independent variable are always place on the left side

Invdaerpiaebnldeent Leadership style depveanrdiaebnlte

Non causal Communication style Mental stress
inter- workload
inddeepRpeeenlnaddteieonnnttsvhvaaiprriiababbellteewweeitnh
relationship
among three
independent

variable

Type of conceptual frameworks

• There is no fixed design of conceptual framework because each
research study contain different variables in term of numbers,type and
relationship.

• conceptual frameworks used in research are :

• conceptual frame for correlation studies
• conceptual frame for path sudies
• conceptual frame for regression studies
• conceptual frame for multivariate studies
• conceptual frame for experimental studies
• conceptual frame for mediation studies
• conceptual frame for moderation studies

1. conceptual frame for correlation studies

• To determine whether there is relationship between 2 variables in
the studies without indentifying the direction or cause-and –effect
of relation.

• E.g. objective of the study are to investigate whether

• Business performance is significant related to employee
commitment,customer loyalty and costumer satisfaction

• Customer loyalty is significant correlated with employee commitment and
customer satisfaction

e.g

e.g

• Objective of study
• To identify inter-correlation among motivation,satisfaction and resiliency

2.Conceptual framework for path studies

• Is to determine the relationship among non- experimental variables
• The path diagram is to present the directed dependencies among a

set of variables

Pointing each
other (feedback
loop)its called
non recursive

3.Conceptual framework for regression studies

• Is used to predict a dependent variable with one or more
independent variables.

• E.g objective

• To identify wether first impression,likeability,physical look,romantic
personality and passion character are significant predictors for attraction of
love

• To investigate the extent of influence of the five independent variables
towards attraction of love



4. Conceptual Framework for multivariate studies

• In statics, multivariate analysis is used when there are two or more
dependent variables .

• It is used to identify the influnces of an independent variable or more than
one dependent variable as a whole or individually .

• The main objectives of the study are to identify wheter :

• Gender is a significant factor for attitudes,skill and knowlegde of using facebook
• Gender is significant factor for attitude of using facebook(or there are significant

difference in attitude of using facebook between male and female)
• Gender is significant factor for skill of using facebook (or there are significant

difference in skill of using facebook between male and female)
• Gender is significant factor for knowledge of using facebook (or there are significant

difference in knowledge of using facebook between male and female)



• Conceptual for multivariate with two factors,which are gender and age.

• The main objective of this study are to investigate

• Whether there are differences of male & female on attitude,skill and knowledge of
using facebook as whole

• Whether there are individual differences of age on attitude,skill,knowledge of using
facebook.

5.Conceptual framework for experimental study

• The experimental study aims at predicting the outcome variable by
introducing a change in the pre-condition which reflect in variable
called treatment variable

• The treatment variables type of exercise : (non musical exercise
,Musical exercise and Aerobic exercise) is the predictor of the
outcome variable intentional weight loss.

• Objective of this study :

• To compare the effectiveness among the three types of exercises on
intentional weight loss

For 1 outcome

The effect of treatment on several outcome

• Treatment variable testing mode : paper pencil testing , computer based testing is
predicted to have significant effect on three outcome variable : test score,testing time
and testing motivation

6.Conceptual framework for mediation studies

• For social science studies
• Proposed to identify the relationship between an independent

variable(the causal variable) and a dependent variable(the outcome
variable) via the inclusion of the third explanatory variable known as a
mediator.









7.Conceptual Framework with moderation studies







Conceptual framework for Qualitative studies