MALACCA
Malacca
Historic City
FINDING AIDS:
"SULTANATE OF MALACCA"
Faculty of Information Science Studies College of
Computing, Informatics, and Media
Universiti Tenologi MARA (UiTM)
Kelantan
ADVISOR
Miss Fatin Nur binti Zulkipli.
COMPILER
Nur Amirah Syahirah Binti Zaidi (2020475648)
Nur Sofiya Binti Mohd Khusaini (2020882804)
Nurul Aina Binti Abdul Halim (2020879994)
Group
members
Nur Sofiya Binti
Mohd Khusaini
(2020882804)
Nur Amirah Nurul Aina Binti
Syahirah Binti Abdul Halim
(2020879994)
Zaidi
(2020475648)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, first of all we would like to thanks Allah as finally we are able to
finish our assignment that have been given by our honourable lecturer, Miss
Fatin Nur binti Zulkipli. This task has be done with all afford by our group
members. Beside that, big thanks we address to our honourable lecturer
because without herguide, our assignment cannot be done properly like this.
She always give us supports and guidance to us. Finally, thanks to our beloved
friends that always stick together and also work hard to produce a good
assignment with all afford and responsibility. Hope that all the afford will give
a lot of benefits to us and also our group assignment.
EXPLANOTORY NOTES
This finding aids book is designed to give exposure to
the history of the Malacca kingdom. There is a lot of
information that can be obtained from this book such
as documents, images, videos and so on related to the
history of the Sultanate of Malacca. This book is easy to
use as a research reference because the content of this
book are from National Archive of Malaysia (NAM).
ABBREVIATIONS
OFA: ONLINE FINDING AIDS
NAM: NATIONAL ARCHIVE OF
MALAYSIA
Introduction of OFA Table of
Melaka flag content
History of Sultanate
Factors of Malacca's glory
Factors of the fall of Malacca
List of archival found in OFA
List of figures
Conclusion
References
INTRODUCTION TO OFA
ONLINE FINDINGS AIDS
Finding aids are tools that help a user find
information in a specific record group,
collection, or series of archival materials.
Examples of finding aids include published
and unpublished inventories, container and
folder lists, card catalogs, calendars, indexes,
registers, and institutional guides.
MALACCA FLAG
The crescent moon and five-pointed star are
symbols of Islam, the state religion and the nation,
while the red, white, yellow, and blue colours reflect
those found on the Federal Flag (Jalur Gemilang)
and demonstrate that Malacca is a state within the
Federation.
The Sultanate of Malacca (spelled Malaqua) was
previously represented by a double-tailed crimson
pennant with a black crescent on the Cantino
Planisphere map from 1502.
HISTORY OF
SULTANATE
INTRODUCTION
Malacca's establishment in the years 1400–1404 by Parameswara, a
Srivijaya lord from Palembang and a Majapahit descendent, marks the
beginning of the city's history.
His Majesty had initially run away and sought safety in Temasik (then
controlled by Siam). Siam threatened him when he killed Temagi (the
ruler of Temasik).
Malacca, which started off as a little hamlet, eventually became a major
commerce hub (taking over the role of Srivijaya).
Malacca has been the primary trade and Islamic growth hub in this region
since Parameswara's conversion to Islam in 1414.
During the reigns of Sultan Mansur Syah and Sultan Mahmud Syah,
respectively, Malacca experienced its great age and its golden age.
WARISAN MELAKA II
Video 1
Warisan Melaka (II)
Accession Number:
2003/0007962W
THE ORIGIN OF THE 1. Arabic term
NAME MALACCA Arab traders always say "Mulaqah" which means meeting.
Some also say "Malakat" which means a collection of all
Figure 1 trades.
Kota Melaka
2. Hindu Myths
Accession number: 2001/0052641W The Malacca tree is known as "Amalaka" in Sanskrit, and they
believe it is the first tree in the universe.
This tree is also believed to be the abode of Lord Brahma,
Vishnu, and Shivadegan. Melaka tree fruit is said to have
magical powers.
3. Malay History
While resting under a tree, Parameswara witnessed his
hunting dog being kicked by a moth. This event is considered
unusual. Parameswara chose the name Malacca to name the
state after the tree.
THE BACKGROUND OF
THE MALAY SULTANATE
OF MALACCA
PARAMESWARA: THE FOUNDER
OF THE SULTANATE OF
MALACCA The Malacca Malay Sultanate was established by
Parameswara somewhere around the year 1400. Following
the collapse of the Srivijaya monarchy, which had its
capital in Palembang, the Majapahit empire seized control
of the Srivijaya region, including Palembang. The King of
Palembang and his son, Parameswara, disagreed with this
regulation. Parameswara attempted to liberate Palembang
from Majapahit in order to reclaim the nation's and the
country's sovereignty, but his efforts were unsuccessful.
Figure 2 As Temasik was governed by Temagi under Siamese
Tableu. Parameswara receiving patronage and had welcomed his coming, Parameswara
admiral Cheng Ho had to retreat till he arrived there. Due to Temasik's
advantageous location, Parameswara had to assassinate
Accession Number: 2001/0028495W Temagi in order to take control of the city. Parameswara
and his supporters fled to Muar and established Melaka as
a new town as a result of Siam's prompt response, which
was followed by a counterattack.
MALACCA
ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM
The Sultan of Melaka devised a structured administrative system known
as the "Four-Fold Magnifying System" in order to streamline the
administrative activities of the Malacca kingdom. A collection of
administrative officers of the Melaka Government known as magisters
make up the Four-Fold Magister System. The sultan is in charge of the
administration in this system. Four dignitaries who went by the name of
"The Four Dignitaries" helped His Majesty. The Admiral, Temenggung,
Treasurer, and Chief Treasurer are included. Magnifier Eight, Magnifier
Sixteen, and Magnifier Thirty-two support Magnifier Four.
MALACCA 1. An organised government system
FORMATION Positions such as Heralds and small Biduandas are created.
SYSTEM Create an orderly government system with a system of positions
with different duties.
For example, 40 appointed Heralds will carry out the duties
ordered by the King.
2. Port facilities for trade
Providing port facilities for traders such as ship repair facilities,
warehouse facilities to store merchandise and accommodation for
traders, as well as water and food supplies.
3. Diplomatic relations with foreign countries
Establish diplomatic relations with other countries such as China.
China recognized the sovereignty of Malacca and Parameswara as
Sultan by sending Admiral Yin Ching (1404) and Cheng Ho (1405 -
1409) to visit Malacca.
The Chinese government also gave a yellow paying, a stamp and a
maternity dress as a sign of recognition of Malacca as a sovereign
kingdom.
Melaka became a protectorate of China. This relationship saved
Malacca from the threat of Siam.
Figure 3 4. Hire employees to maintain security.
Early Malacca @ Melaka Marines are hired to keep Malacca safe.
Orang Laut is skilled in martial arts and brave.
Accession Number: 2001/0028513W Orang Laut is also adept at the intricacies of the Straits of
Malacca.
They help carry goods and supply seafood in addition to
being obedient and loyal.
5. The concept of the sovereign bond
The Malay population at that time consisted of Malays,
Orang Laut and Orang Asli.
The progress of Melaka at that time was also influenced
by the attitude of its people who were loyal to the
government, willing to sacrifice for the sake of their
beloved country and appreciating the services of their
leaders.
The concept of sovereignty has united leaders and people
in jointly developing Malacca.
EXPASION OF 1. Conquest
POWER IN The Malacca government has conquered Kampar and
MALACCA Pahang. The Sultan of Malacca acted in such a way to
protect the security and prosperity of Melaka.
Through the domination of the kingdom in East Sumatra
and the Malay Peninsula, the Malacca kingdom succeeded
in controlling the waters of the Straits of Malacca.
Through conquest, Malacca received various tributes and
was able to spread Islam in the Malay Islands.
2. Marriage
Princes and Princesses of the King of Malacca are married
to princes and princesses of other Malay kingdoms.
For example, Sultan Mahmud married the Princess of the
Sultan of Kelantan.
Through marriage can further strengthen diplomatic
relations and the influence of the Malacca kingdom.
Figure 4 3. The wisdom of the leader
Malacca was ruled by sultans and dignitaries who were
Map of Malacca @ Melaka authoritative and wise such as Sultan Muzaffar Shah,
showing the old town Sultan Mansor Shah and Tun Perak's Treasurer.
Sultan Muzaffar Shah succeeded in settling the conflict
Accession Number: 2001/0040497W between Malays and Indian Muslims.
Sultan Mansor Shah succeeded in defeating Kampar,
Inderagiri, and Pahang in an attempt to break free as a
subjugated state.
Tun Perak's loyal treasurer once thwarted Siamese attacks
in Muar and Batu Pahat.
4. Willingness of the country itself
Due to the influence and power of Malacca, there is a
government that willingly wants to take shelter under
Malacca.
Examples of such kingdoms are Jambi, Lingga, Beruas,
Pattani and Kedah.
FACTORS OF
MALACCA'S GLORY
NATURAL OR Its geographical position is located in the middle of the sea
GEOGRAPHIC route of international trade and acts as a connector of the
FACTORS main trade market, in the Indian continent and the Chinese
continent.
Having an advantage in terms of position at the meeting of the
monsoon winds' which are the Northeast Monsoon Wind and
the South West Monsoon Wind.
Malacca's position in the Straits of Malacca because this strait
is a narrow passage that must be passed by all foreign traders
to any destination.
The wealth of natural resources from the environment and
forest products.
Coastal Malays play an important role as sellers and
distributors of forest products.
Gold and lead are the main resources in Malacca.
The position of the Malay Peninsula protected by the island of
Sumatra encourages the growth of plankton.
Malacca overflows with the luxury of
merchandise from foreign countries. In
addition, the wealth of regional products
such as spices, rattan products, wood, and
resin were important to trade goods at
that time.
Malacca emerged as a major trading port
with a role as a developed entrepot port.
ECONOMIC
FACTOR
POLITICAL AND The close relationship between Malacca and
ADMINISTRATIVE China gives Malacca the opportunity to obtain
FACTORS political protection. This could prevent
Malacca from the strong threat of Siam at that
time.
Malacca has complete safety and security
features, especially with the involvement of
Orang Laut and government figures.
Malacca also has an organized treasury,
including its tax and buying and selling
system.
The use of the Malay language as an
intermediate language (lingua franca) allows
communication in Malacca to run smoothly.
FACTORS OF THE
FALL OF MALACCA
The year 1511 was the year in which a proud Malay
empire was defeated. Where the sovereignty of the
Malacca kingdom was tarnished by the Portuguese.
Where a superior kingdom has been defeated and
fallen. In general, there are two main factors that
caused the downfall of Malacca at that time, namely
internal factors and external factors. These two
elements have slowly contributed to the downfall of
Malacca. This date became a sacred date where the
Melaka government tried to defend the empire from
the Portuguese.
EXTERNAL
FACTORS
• Discovery of the Cape of Good Hope. "Whoever dominates Melaka, He
will dominate the world" is one of the quotes that illustrates how high the
value of the Malacca kingdom is so much that it is contested by powerful
countries.
• The Portuguese also wanted to control the port of Malacca for the reason
that they wanted to monopolize the spice trade, restrict the trade dominance
of Muslim traders and to spread Christianity in the Land of Malacca.
• The Portuguese also wanted to control the port of Malacca for the reason
that they wanted to monopolize the spice trade, restrict the trade dominance
of Muslim traders and to spread Christianity in the Land of Malacca.
• Espionage and intelligence also took place, espionage and intelligence was
carried out by the Portuguese.
• A very strong desire to control Malacca led the Portuguese to win the
second attack they launched.
INTERNAL
FACTORS
•The first internal factor is the weakness of the government
in Malacca.
• While Sultan Ahmad Shah was an incompetent and weak
ruler.
• Corruption and defamation are rampant.
• Unity problem.
• Weaknesses of Malacca soldiers.
WHY MALACCA The Sultanate of Malacca collapsed
DOES NOT HAVE after the Portuguese colonization
A SULTAN OF since 1511
MELAKA? Although the sultan of Malacca at
that time tried to recapture the
state of Malacca, the fact was it did
not succeed.
So ended the sultanate of Malacca
from then on.
MAJLIS POLEMIK SEJARAH MALAYSIA
KESULTANAN MELAKA
Video 2
Majlis polemik sejarah
malaysia kesultanan
kesultanan melaka:
pentadbiran dan politik
sesi kelapan. Berlangsung
pada 16 julai 1996 di
auditorium arkib negara
malaysia, kuala lumpur.
Accession Number:
1997/0009534W
Figure 6 Figure 7
Replika Istana Kesultanan Melaka, Majlis Polemik Sejarah Malaysia
Melaka Pada 3 September 1995 Sessi Kelima Kesultanan Melaka:
Menjejak Kebenaran 7 Disember
Accession Number: 2013/0022005W 1995
Accession Number: 1998/0021592W
Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10
Agreement Made At Malacca By The Kesultanan Melaka:Hukum
Datohs Of Rembau Kanun Melaka
Accession Number:1997/0000004Q
Accession Number:1957/0002400W
Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13
Maktab Perguruan Sultan Idris Pengurniaan darjah darjah kebesaran, Majlis menghadap ahli-ahli majlis mesyuarat kerajaan
Tanjung Malim, album lama, Yang Di Pertuan Agung, Sultan Azlan negeri Melaka sempena lawatan rasmi Seri Paduka
gambar beramai guru dan murid- Muhibbuddin Shah menganugerahkan Baginda Yang Di-Pertuan Agong Ke-11, Sultan
murid Melaka, 1928 darjah panglima mangku negara kepada Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Al-Haj Ibni Almarhum
Tan Sri Datuk Abang Haji Ahmad Urai, di Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj dan Seri Paduka
Accession Number: 2001/0061093W istana negara, Kuala Lumpur, 07.06.1989 Baginda Raja Permaisuri Agong Ke-11, Tuanku Hajah
Accession Number: 2001/0051993W Siti Aishah, Melaka, 3 Julai 2000.
Accession Number: 2010/0003934W
Figure 14 Figure 15
Lawatan kerja SPB Yang Dipertuan Persidangan alim ulama,
Agong Al-Wathiqu Billah Tuanku Allahyarham Dato’ Onn,
Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Al- pembukaan perasmiaan, Kuala
Marhum Sultan Mahmud Al- Lumpur, 23.08.1951
Muktafi Billah Shah ke Melaka.
Accession Number: 2001/0040268W
Accession Number: 2012/0016946W
LIST OF ARCHIVAL
MATERIAL FOUND
IN OFA & LIST OF
FIGURE
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, OFA is archival material that can be accessed anywhere and anytime.
It provides a facility for researchers to access archival materials. In fact, the archival
material in the OFA is in digital form allowing researchers to refer to the material
without having to attend the Research Hall. As we complete this assignment, we can
learn more about OFA such as how to find materials in OFA. Moreover, we choose
the Malacca Malay Sultanate, we can learn more about it such as the history of the
state of Malacca.
REFERENCES
1. Rathnaa Wayy. (2014, September 16). Kesultanan Melayu Melaka. Share and Discover Knowledge on
SlideShare. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://www.slideshare.net/RathnaaWayy/kesultanan-melayu-
melaka-39146762
2. Wikimedia Foundation. (2022, December 5). Kesultanan Melayu Melaka. Wikipedia. Retrieved December 16,
2022, from https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesultanan_Melayu_Melaka
3. (2021, March 16). Sultan Melaka, Latar Belakang Kesultanan Melayu Melaka. MyMelaka. Retrieved December
16, 2022, from https://mymelaka.co/sultan-melaka#Latar_Belakang_Kesultanan_Melayu_Melaka
REFERENCES
4. Amirah&Aneesa. (2022, December 16). Faktor-faktor Kegemilangan Melaka. Blogspot.com.
http://melakakuagung.blogspot.com/2015/01/faktor-faktor-kegemilangan-melaka.html
5. National Archives and Records Administration. (n.d.). Finding aid type. National Archives and Records
Administration. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from
https://www.archives.gov/research/catalog/lcdrg/elements/findingtype.html#:~:text=Finding%20aids%20are%2
0tools%20that,%2C%20registers%2C%20and%20institutional%20guides.
REFERENCES
Online Finding Aids - Kandungan Bahan. (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, from
https://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/group/asset/1398761
Online Finding Aids - Kandungan Bahan. (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, from
https://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/group/asset/825889
Online Finding Aids - Kandungan Bahan. (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, from
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Online Finding Aids - Kandungan Bahan. (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, from
https://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/group/asset/804440
Online Finding Aids - Kandungan Bahan. (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, from
https://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/group/asset/1036783
REFERENCES
Online finding AIDS - kandungan bahan. (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2022, from
https://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/group/asset/876284
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Online finding AIDS - kandungan bahan. (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/group/asset/870018
REFERENCES
Online finding AIDS - kandungan bahan. (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/group/asset/
920119
Online finding AIDS - kandungan bahan. (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/group/asset/870013
Online finding AIDS - kandungan bahan. (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/group/asset/871805
Online finding AIDS - kandungan bahan. (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2022, from
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Thank You