Eighth Grade Science Portfolio

Science Portfolio 

By: Avery DePodesta 

 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Table of Contents 
 

1. Scientific Discoveries Presentation 
2. Scientific Method 

a. Practice Presentation 
b. Practice Experiment 
c. Scavenger Hunt 
d. Quiz 
e. Reflection 
3. Cassini Spacecraft Article 
4. Metric System 
a. Metric Practice 
b. Metric Quiz 
5. Density 
a. Lab Report 
b. Quiz 
6. Scientific Method Test 
7. Phase Changes 
a. Practice 1 
b. Quiz Review 
c. Quiz 
d. Reflection 
8. Classifying Matter 
a. Mixture Project 
b. Quiz Review 
c. Quiz 
9. Solubility 
a. Solubility Graph Practice 
b. Solubility Quiz 
10. Chemistry 
a. Chemical Demos 
b. Compound Project 
c. Chemistry Test 
d. Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Project 
11. Isotopes 
a. Isotopes- M&M Lab and Worksheet Comparison 
b. Quiz Review 
c. Quiz 
12. Velocity 
a. Velocity Story 
b. Velocity Project 
13. Motion 
a. Acceleration Worksheet 
b. Acceleration Worksheet 2 
c. Motion Quiz 
d. GPE Project 
e. GPE/KE Quiz 

14. Simple Machines 
a. Inclined Plane Practice Problem 
b. Simple Machines Presentation 
c. Inclined Plane Quiz 
d. Tree Height Practice 

15. Heat vs. Temperature 
a. Heat Project (Lab included) 

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

Scientific Method 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Scientific Method   
1. Scientific Discoveries Presentation   

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

2. Scientific Method Experiment Practice Presentation   
   

  

   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Fish Eggs 

Problem Statement:​ How does the temperature of 

water affect the hatching of fish eggs? 

 

Hypothesis:​ If the water temperature is 20℃, then the 

most fish eggs will hatch because it is room 

temperature and can provide a comfortable 

environment to nurture the egg. 

 

IV:​ The amount of eggs that will hatch  

DV:​ The temperature of the water  

 

Control:​ Temperature  

Constants​: Amount of fish eggs, same scientists setting 

up the experiment, same kind of fish 

 

Data Table:  

 

Control  IV  DV  Constants 

20℃   -Temperature of water  -Amount of eggs  - Amount of fish 
  that will hatch  eggs(50) 
 
- Same scientist 
Levels:   setting up every 
test 
● 10°C  
● 20°C   - Same kind of fish 
● 30°C   - Same liquid eggs 
● 40°C  
● 50°C  are placed in 

Source: 

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QQUUWXQRUKlKHV

AkPyN08qG7ugojSmu45YkH3rY4m3Y/edit  

Scientific Method Scavenger Hunt 

 
Please visit the following websites, read carefully and respond to the questions. 
 
Website 1: h​ ttp://www.biology4kids.com/files/studies_scimethod.html 
Questions: 

1. What is the scientific method? 
a. The scientific method is “a process used by scientists to study the world 
around them”. It is also used to “test whether any statement is accurate” 

2. What sample questions are given that science can answer? 
a. “Why do dogs and cats have hair?” The answer to this question can be to 
keep them warm.  

3. How does science allow the world to “advance, evolve and grow?” 
a. Today’s advancements are based on achievements of other scientists who 
did great work.  

4. What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning? 
a. Deductive reasoning is starting out with and information or idea and 
eventually coming out with a conclusion 
b. Inductive reasoning is the opposite of deductive reasoning. You start with 
specific information and then come up with a theory and, then, apply that 
theory to new areas.  

 
Website 2: 
http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/balancing-act/latest/balancing-act_en.html 
Questions: 

1. Make some changes to the Lever.   
2. What are the variables that you can change? 

a. You can change the different amounts of weights on each side and the kind 
of weight. You can also change where the weights are positioned.  

3. Conduct a simple experiment and discuss your basic results.   
a. To make the lever flat I had to, using bricks, put three, 5kg bricks on one side 
and one, 10kg brick on the other side. I placed the 10kg brick on the space 
second to the end. I placed one 5kg brick, also, second to the end and 
another one to the right of it on the third to last space. I placed the last 5kg 
brick on the nearest space to the center, next to the fulcrum.  

4. What were your observations? 
 
Website 3:h​ ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OgS46ksAawk 

Questions: 
1. Describe her basic experiment. 
a. If apples brown from oxidation what if there is no oxygen? She wants to see if 
there is no oxygen, will the apples not brown.  
2. What are the variables? 
a. Sealed container with burning candle 
b. Sealed container with vinegar and baking soda  
c. Sealed container with just air 
3. Does she have Constants and a Control? Explain 
a. Her control is a sealed container with just air 
b. Her constants are using the same size container, covering each container with 
aluminum foil, and the same amount of time \the apples were in the 
containers (7 hours) 
4. What were her results? 
a. The apple in the container without any variables (the constant) wasn’t as 
brown as the other two apples that had variables in the containers.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

3. QUIZ: Scientific Method 

Scientific Method 

 
Directions: R​ ead the following description of an experiment and complete the 
components of the scientific method. 
 
Experiment:  
Option #1: ​Patrick believed that fish would become smarter and complete a maze 
faster if they ate food that was placed in a microwave first. He had 100 fish that he 
could use for the experiment. He evaluated their intelligence based on their time to 
complete the maze.  
  
Option #2:​ Mr. Smithers believed that Caffeine may make people more alert. Mr. 
Smithers tested 100 people by using their scores in the same video game. Devin had 
3 different brands of drinks with 10 g, 20 g, and 30 g of caffeine respectively. He 
measured their scores on a video game that had a range of 0-1000 points. Some of 
the players were not given caffeine drinks. on the game 
 
*Help Mr. Smithers design an effective experiment and write a conclusion that 
analyzes your results. 

 

Problem Statement 

How does the amount of caffeine in a drink affect the score on a video game?  

 
Hypothesis 

If the amount of caffeine in a drink is tested, then the group that drinks the drink with 30 
grams of caffeine will do the best because caffeine makes you more alert.  

 
Independent Variable 

Water- 0g   Soda- 10g  Coffee- 20g  Energy Drink- 30g 

 
 
Dependent Variable 

The score on the video game 

 
Constants​ (Pick 2) 

The same video game   The same amount of each drink 

 
 
Control 

No caffeine  

 
 
 
Basic Procedures:​  
(List 5-8 steps) 

1. Get four cups and pour ½ a cup of each drink in each cup 
2. Split the 100 people into four groups- one for water, soda, coffee, and energy drink 
3. Each player will drink all of the liquid in the cup 
4. They will all wait five minutes 
5. The same video game will be played 
6. Their score will be recorded and averaged out for each group 

 
 
Data Table:​ (Place data table here) 
 

Amount of caffeine in  Average Score on Video 
Drink (grams)  Game (out of 1000) 

0  767 

10  689 

20  970 

30  854 

 
Graph:​ (Place graph here) 

 

Conclusion:  

Purpose, Hypothesis, Description, Data or evidence, Improvements, Conclusion 
 

The purpose of this experiment was to test if the amount of caffeine affected the 
score when playing video games. The hypothesis that states, “If the amount of caffeine in a 
drink if tested, then the group that drinks the drink with 30 grams of caffeine will do the best 
because caffeine makes you more alert” was incorrect because the drink with 20 grams of 
caffeine, the coffee, scored the highest on average. During this experiment, the people who 
were being tested were split up into four groups. One group was given water, the second 
group was given soda, the third group was given coffee, and the fourth group was given an 
energy drink. Each person drank ½ of a cup of the liquid they were assigned to and waited 
five minutes. They, then, each played the same video game and their scores were recorded. 
The results were all close, but the group that drank the coffee averaged the highest with a 
score of 970 out of 1000 points. The group that came in second was the energy drink that 
averaged out to 854 out of 1000 possible points. Then was the water, which was the control 
with no caffeine in it, which scored an average of 767 out of 1000. Finally was the soda 
which had 10 grams of caffeine and only scored 689 points out of 1000. Some errors that 
were in the experiment were the level of the player, what they had been eating and drinking 
before the experiment, and the environment they were in. For example, if the video game 
player was playing for the first time, that would clearly be unfair. In conclusion, the 
experiment could have made improvements and the hypothesis was incorrect, but overall 
what we wanted to find out, we did.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
4. Reflection (what did I learn) scientific method- mystery chemical, textbook roll 

In the scientific method unit I learned how to make a graph on google sheets, form a 
problem statement and hypothesis, and identify the control, constants, independent 
variable, and dependent variable in a experiment. I performed an experiment with my group 
on how the arrangement of pencils affects how far a textbook will roll. During this 
experiment, we arranged the pencils into three different arrangements and pushed the 
book lightly. We figured out that when the pencils were 5 cm apart the book rolled the 
furthest. In addition to this experiment, we worked with a partner to match mystery 
chemicals to find a solution. ​During this experiment, we had to match the mystery solutions. 
We found out that one of the chemicals formed bubbles, another one had white 
precipitation, and the last one had no reaction at all. The chemicals that matched on our 
charts were the ones that were the same.​ In conclusion, throughout the scientific method 
unit I did two experiments to help me learn how to design an experiment, write a 
hypothesis, find the independent and dependent variables, organize data into tables, know 
the constant versus the control, and how to construct a graph using google sheets.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

5. Back to Saturn? Five Missions Proposed to Follow 

Cassini 

Science Articles: Cassini Spacecraft (summary/bullet points with key points) 
http://www.post-gazette.com/news/science/2017/09/17/Back-to-Saturn-Five-missions-
proposed-to-follow-Cassini/stories/201709170162  

a. NASA has been sending the Cassini Spacecraft back to Saturn for 13 years  
b. NASA has no plans to return to Saturn 
c. Projects like the New Frontiers cost up to $1 billion  
d. A winning mission is to be selected by the summer of 2019 and will launch 

around 2025- at least 5 entries for missions to Saturn have been entered 
e. Some ideas go toward a quadcopter being an ideal way to explore Titan 

(Saturn’s largest moon) 
f. The main part of the mission would end in about 90 minutes  

i. This mission is to take measurements of certain elements that are hard 
to measure, like helium 

ii. To measure how far the planet is from the sun, you use the helium to 
hydrogen ratio. This ratio is crucial for measuring.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 

 

 

Metric Measurement 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Metric Measurement 
 

1. Research the history of the Metric System. 
a. 1799 during the French Revolution  
b. The old system was temporarily replaced by this system 
c. Metric system based on the kilogram and metre  

2. What are the Base Units for Length, Mass, Volume and Temperature? 
a. Length: meter- centimeter, kilometer, millimeter 
b. Mass: garm 
c. Volume: liter 
d. Temperature: degree celsius  

3. Why is the Metric System easier to use? 
a. It is easier to use because it is a decimal system of weights and measures  
b. It is also easy to convert between units 

4. Measure the Length and Width of your desk in m, cm, and mm. Construct a Data 
Table to record the information. 
 

  Length   Width  Area 

Meters  1.36  .6  .81 

Centimeters  136.0  60  8,160 

Millimeters   1,360.0  600  810,000 

 
5. What is the area of your desk in square cm? Include in the data table. 

a. 8160 
6. Measure the height of 3 classmates in meters. Record on a data table. 

 

Names of People  Height (meters) 

Anabel  1.64 

Avery  1.60 

Threasa  1.55 

 
7. What is the area of a cabinet door in square cm? 

a. 2,450.25 
8. How many km is it from NY to LA? How many meters? 

a. 4,492.9= km 
b. 4,492,900= meters 
9. How many km from the Earth to the Sun? How many meters? 

a. 149.6 million= km 
b. 149,600,000,000= meters 
10. What is the length of 3 objects of your choice in the classroom? 
a. Pencil= 19 centimeters  
b. Folder= 29 centimeters (length) 24 centimeters (width) 
c. Composition Notebook= 19 centimeters (width) 25 centimeters (length) 
11. How many meters long was the Titanic? How many kilometers? 
a. 269 meters  
b. .269 kilometers  

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Metric Quiz:  

 

34.2 cm =​ 0.342​ m 

 

4500.0 mg = ​4.5​ g 

 

7.2 L = 7​ ,200​ mL 

 

2.35 km = 2​ ,350​ m 

 

8600.0 m = ​8.6​ km 

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Density 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Density Lab Report:  
 
Name: Avery DePodesta 
Class: S4 
Teacher: Mr. Lopez 
Date: September 28, 2017 
 
Investigation Title: Density of Metals 
 
I. Investigation Design  

A. Problem Statement: Identify the metals 

How can density be used to identify the unknown metals?  

 
B. Hypothesis: 

If density is known then the unknown metals will be correctly identified because every 
metal has its own specific density. 

 
C. Independent Variable: x 

Levels of IV 

Copper  Tin  Bronze  Brass  Zinc  Aluminum  

  
D. Dependent Variable:y 

The density (g/cm3​ )​  

 
E. Constants: 

The same amount of water  Unit measured  Tools used 
(40 mL) 

 
F. Control: 

Water- Density is 1.0g/mL 

 
G. Materials: (List with numbers) 
1. Metals 
2. Triple Beam Balance 
3. Graduated Cylinder  
4. Beaker 
5. Eye Dropper 
6. Water 
H. Procedures: (List with numbers and details) 

1. Measured out 40 mL of water into a graduated cylinder 
2. Record the volume before the metal is put in the graduated cylinder  
3. Measure the mass of the piece of metal on the triple beam balance 
4. Put the piece of metal in the graduated cylinder 
5. Record the volume after the metal is put in the graduated cylinder  
6. Subtract the volume before from the volume after the metal is put in and record to 

get the volume of the object 
7. Divide the volume of the object from the mass of the object to get the density 
8. Repeat for every metal 
9. Compare the numbers and letters of the metals to figure out which metals are the 

same 
 
II. Data Collection 

A. Qualitative Observations: 
1. Small Cylinder, has the color of copper 
❏ Metal: Copper 
2. Small Cylinder, has a silvery color 
❏ Metal: Tin 
3. Cube, heavy, copper color 
❏ Metal: Bronze 
4. Rectangular Prism, has a silvery color, very light (weight wise) 
❏ Metal: Aluminum 

 
B. Quantitative Observations: (Key data) 
1. Data Table 

 

Metals  Density Day 1  Density Day 2 

Copper  9.46  9.67 
Tin  7.23  7.33 
Bronze  8.98  8.98 
Brass  8.48  8.56 
Zinc  7.23  7.33 
Aluminum  2.74  2.71 
Copper  9.11  9.06 
Aluminum  2.94  2.8 
 
 
2. Graph 

 

3. Calculations 

Show 3 Math Examples 

Copper 

D = m/v 

D= 27 g  
3 cm3

D = 9 g/cm3​  

 

COPPER- D1 

D = m/v 
72.1g
D =​ 8cm3  

D = 9.11 g/cm​3 

 

BRONZE- B3 

D = m/v 
267.5g
D= 29.79cm3  

D = 8.98 g/cm3​  

 

BRASS- A4 

D = m/v 
67.8g
D= 8cm3  

D = 8.48 g/cm​3 

 

III. Data Analysis/Conclusion 
The purpose of this experiment was to use density to identify the unknown metals. 

The hypothesis stated “If density is known then the unknown metals will be correctly 
identified because every metal has its own specific density.” This hypothesis was correct 
because I was able to identify all of the unknown metals in this lab using density. During this 
experiment, there were six different metals being tested, two types of copper, tin, bronze, 
brass, zinc, and two types of aluminum. We measured out 40 mL of water into a graduated 
cylinder and recorded the volume before the metal is put into the graduated cylinder. Next, 
we measured the mass of the piece of metal on the triple beam balance and put the piece 
of metal in the graduated cylinder. After that, we record the volume after the metal is put in 
the graduated cylinder. We, then, used the formula D = m/v (density = mass/volume) to find 
the density of each metal. Once we found the density for every metal we compared the 
numbers and letters of the metals to figure out which metals were the same. In our data, all 
of the metals had a match. The average density of the metals is 7.04 g/cm3​ ​. Some of the 
improvements to the lab could be the same person measuring, so the amounts would be 
exact because our numbers might have been a tiny bit off and could have affected the 
whole experiment. In addition, there might have been a few drops of water on the triple 
beam balance when we were measuring the mass of the metals so if we made sure to wipe 
off the excess water, the experiment could have been more exact. In conclusion, our 
experiment could have made improvements but, our hypothesis was correct so overall, we 
found out what we needed which was to use 
density to find the unknown metals.  
 
IV. Research and Applications 
5 6-8 sentences about your topic 
*How does Density relate to Plate Tectonics? 
 

Plate tectonics are the movement of the 
rigid plates around the surface of Earth. When the Earth’s thin outer shell is broken into big 
pieces. Density relates to plate tectonics by mantle convections. Convection is the process 
of which less dense material rises and more dense material sinks. The vertical forces due to 
density difference are, also, called buoyancy forces. During this, rocks, air, and water 
expand and become less dense as temperature increases. Inside the Earth’s mantle, hot 
rock rises and cooler rock sinks. The forces in the mantle that make the plates move 
towards each other and away from each other are vertical forces. Oceanic plates are 
different from continental plates because oceanic crust is usually denser and thinner than 
continental crust. In addition, denser crust bends and gets pulled underneath the lighter, 
thicker continental crust. In conclusion, density relates to plate tectonics because of 
convection in the mantle of the Earth.  

 
V. References and Citations 

● 2 or 3 web links 

○ What is Plate Tectonics? | Plate Tectonics - Live Science." 21 Mar. 2016, 
https://www.livescience.com/37706-what-is-plate-tectonics.html​. Accessed 4 Oct. 
2017. 

○ "Interactives . Dynamic Earth . Slip, Slide, & Collide - Annenberg Learner." 

https://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/slip2.html.​ Accessed 4 Oct. 
2017. 
○ “Plates on the Move.” ​Khan Academy,​  
www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/amnh/earthquakes-and-volcanoes/pl
ate-tectonics/a/plates-on-the-move.​ Accessed 4 Oct. 2017. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Density Quiz-  

 

The density of an object is 

Your Answer: M​ ass divided by the volume D = m/v 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

If two objects have the same volume but one has a greater mass, 
the one with greater mass 

Your Answer: h​ as a higher density 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

If two objects have the same volume but one is made up of smaller 
and heavier atoms, the one with small heavy atoms will 

Your Answer: b​ e more dense than the other 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

If you cut a wooden block in half, each half would have 

Your Answer: ​the same density as the original piece 

 

 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

If two objects have the same mass but different volumes 

Your Answer: t​ he one with the larger volume has the lowest density 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

If the density of water is 1 gram/cm3, this means that the mass of 
100 cm3 of water should be 

Your Answer: 1​ 00 grams 
 
 

Incorrect 

0 / 1 point(s) 

Density is a characteristic property of a substance. This means that 
the density of water 

Your Answer: ​is greater for a greater mass of water 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

Woof floats in water. If you measured the mass of the same volume 
of wood and water 

Your Answer: ​the water would have a greater mass 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

A carrot floats in salt water but sinks in fresh water. This is because 

Your Answer: ​salt water is more dense than fresh water 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

A tiny piece of sand is very light but sinks in water. This is because 

Your Answer: ​sand is more dense than water 
 
 

Correct 

1 / 1 point(s) 

The density of hot and cold water are different mainly because 

Your Answer: ​the molecules in hot water move faster and are slightly closer 
together 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

Pure Gold has a Density of 19.32 g/cm3. How large would a piece of 
gold be if it had a mass of 318.97 g? 

Your Answer: ​16.5 cm3 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

Calculate the density of sulfuric acid if 35.4 mL of the acid is 65.14 g. 

Your Answer: 1​ .84 g/mL 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

28.5 g of iron hot is added to a graduated cylinder containing 45.5 
mL of water. The water level rises to the 49.10 mL mark. From this 
information, calculate the density of iron. 

Your Answer: 7​ .92 g/cm3 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

The density of silver is 10.49 g/cm3. If a sample of pure silver has a 
volume of 27 cm3, what would be its mass? 

Your Answer: ​283.2 g 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

A student finds a rock on the way to school. In the laboratory he 
determines that the volume of the rock is 34.5 cm3, and the mass is 
48.3 g. What is the density of the rock? 

Your Answer: ​1.4 g/cm3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reflection on Density:  

In the density unit, I learned how to find density, mass, and volume through 
different formulas and know why and how one object is less dense or more dense 
than the other. Density is the measure of the mass per unit volume of a substance 
based on mass, size, and the arrange of atoms it's made of. Lower density objects 
will float on a higher density objects such as water. L​ ow-density means that materials 

containing molecules with less mass and atoms that are loosely packed. High-density 
means that materials containing molecules with more mass and atoms that are tightly 
packed.One skill that I learned during this unit was all of the equations and how to solve 
them. For example, Density=mass/volume, mass=density*volume, and 
volume=mass/density. I also learned that temperature has an effect on density.  
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Scientific Method, Metric System, and Density Test Practice 

 

If the density of water is 1 gram/cm3, this means that the mass of 100 cm3 of water should 
be 1​ 00 g/cm3 
 
Wood floats in water. If you measured the mass of the same volume of wood and water t​ he 
mass of water would be greater 
 
The density of hot and cold water are different mainly because ​the molecules are packed 
tighter together in hotter water than they are in colder water. Cold water=less dense 
 
Calculate the density of sulfuric acid if 35.4 mL of the acid is 65.14 g.  
D = M/V 
D = 65.14g/35.4mL 
D = 1.84g/mL 
The density of silver is 10.49 g/cm3. If a sample of pure silver has a volume of 27 cm3, what 
would be its mass? 
M = DxV 
M = 10.49g/cm3 x 27 cm3 
M = 283.23g 
A student finds a rock on the way to school. In the laboratory he determines that the 
volume of the rock is 34.5 cm3, and the mass is 48.3 g. What is the density of the rock? 
D = M/V 
D = 48.3g/34.5cm3 
D = 1.4g/cm3 
A scientist conducted an experiment to determine how the amount of salt in a body of 
water affects the number of plants that can live in the water. In this experiment the 
dependent variable is t​ he number of plants that can live in water.​  
 
In an experiment, the one variable that is changed by the experimenter is called the 
independent variable.​  
 
A scientist who wants to study the effects of fertilizer on plants sets up an experiment. Plant 
A gets no fertilizer, Plant B gets 5 mg. of fertilizer each day, and Plant C gets 10mg. of 
fertilizer each day. Which plant is the control group. 
Plant A 
 
Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green slime. Homer decides to spray 
half of the shower with coconut juice thinking this will kill the slime. He sprays the other half 
of the shower with water. After 3 days of "treatment" the green slime on the coconut juice 
side of the shower dies. The dependent variable in his experiment is ​amount of green slime 
left in shower.​  
 

A scientist plants two rows of corn for experimentation. She puts fertilizer on row 1 but does 
not put fertilizer on row 2. Both rows receive the same amount of water and light intensity. 
She checks the growth of the corn over the course of 5 months. What is a constant in this 
experiment. 
The same amount of water and light 
A student hypothesized that the amount of sunlight a sunflower plant receives determines 
the number of sunflower seeds the plant produces. In her experiment, the number of seeds 
produces is the ​dependent variable.​  
 
Sarah wanted to find out if temperature has an effect on the growth of bread mold. She 
grew the mold in nine Petri dishes containing the same amount and type of nutrients. Three 
were kept at 0 C, three were kept at 90 C, and three were kept at room temperature, 27 C. 
The containers were examined and the growth of the bread mold was recorded each Friday 
for five weeks. Which of the following is her hypothesis? 
If three temperatures are tested for the growing of mold on bread, the bread in the 90C 
container will grow the least mold because mold dies from extreme cold or extreme heat.  
 
5.9 km = ​5,900.0 ​ m 
  
756.0 cg = 7​ .56​ g 
 
23,000 mm = ​23.0 ​ m 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Scientific Method, Metric System, and Density Test 

 

1. A scientist conducted an experiment to determine how the 
amount of salt in a body of water affects the number of plants that 
can live in the water. In this experiment the dependent variable is 
_____________. 

Your Answer: t​ he number of plants in the water 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

2. A scientist hypothesizes that the temperature at which an 
alligator's egg is incubated will determine whether the alligator will 
be male or female. The independent variable is ____________. 

Your Answer: t​ he temperature 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

3. In an experiment, the factor that we measure and is on the Y-axis 
is called the ____________. 

Your Answer: d​ ependent variable 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

4. In an experiment, the one variable that is changed by the 
experimenter is called the _____________. 

Your Answer: ​independent variable 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

5. If you were measuring the mass of a fly, you should use 
____________. 

Your Answer: ​grams 
 
 

Correct 

1 / 1 point(s) 

6. If you wanted to know the volume of water in a small can of soda, 
you would use ______________. 

Your Answer: ​milliliters  
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

7. A scientist who wants to study the affects of fertilizer on plants 
sets up an experiment. Plant A gets no fertilizer, Plant B gets 5 mg. 
of fertilizer each day, and Plant C gets 10mg. of fertilizer each day. 
Which plant is the control? 

Your Answer: ​Plant A 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

8. Victoria grows the same bacteria in 20 petri dishes. She places 10 
of the dishes in a container with a normal atmosphere. The 
remaining dishes she places in a container in which the oxygen level 
is double the normal level. She labels the first group "A" and the 
second group "B". Which of the following best describes the 
groups? 

Your Answer: ​Group A is the control group; Group B is the experimental group 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

9. Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green slime. 
Homer decides to spray half of the shower with coconut juice 
thinking this will kill the slime. He sprays the other half of the 
shower with water. After 3 days of "treatment" the green slime on 
the coconut juice side of the shower dies. The dependent variable in 
his experiment is _____________. 

Your Answer: t​ he amount of the green slime 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

10. For an experiment, a scientist put lime at the base of tomato 
plant A and baking soda at the base of tomato plant B. She then 
sealed the plants in plastic bags. Tomato plant A eventually died, 
and tomato plant B stayed healthy. What is the Independent 
Variable in this experiment? 

Your Answer: t​ he substance at the base of each plant 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

11. I am trying to clean my bathroom because it has mold on the 
bottom. I was told to use oxy clean to get it up. I use oxy clean on 
half of the bathroom and water on the other half. The control is: 

Your Answer: ​water 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

12. A scientist plants two rows of corn for experimentation. She puts 
fertilizer on row 1 but does not put fertilizer on row 2. Both rows 
receive the same amount of water and light intensity. She checks 

the growth of the corn over the course of 5 months. What is a 
constant in this experiment. 

Your Answer: A​ mount of water 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

13. A student wants to conduct an experiment to find out how pulse 
rates changes as the length of time spent exercising increases. The 
dependent variable will be _____. 

Your Answer: ​pulse rate 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

14. A student hypothesized that the amount of sunlight a sunflower 
plant receives determines the number of sunflower seeds the plant 
produces. In her experiment, the number of seeds produced is the 
_____. 

Your Answer: d​ ependent variable 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

15. In a controlled experiment, the independent variable is ____. 

Your Answer: ​changed to test the hypothesis - it goes on the x-axis 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

16. Sarah wanted to find out if temperature has an effect on the 
growth of bread mold. She grew the mold in nine Petri dishes 
containing the same amount and type of nutrients. Three were kept 

at 0 C, three were kept at 90 C, and three were kept at room 
temperature, 27 C. The containers were examined and the growth of 
the bread mold was recorded each Friday for five weeks. Which of 
the following is her hypothesis? 

Your Answer: I​ f the temperature changes then the amount of bread mold will 
change. 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

17. Sarah wanted to find out if temperature has an effect on the 
growth of bread mold. She grew the mold in nine Petri dishes 
containing the same amount and type of nutrients. Three were kept 
at 0 C, three were kept at 90 C, and three were kept at room 
temperature, 27 C. The containers were examined and the growth of 
the bread mold was recorded each Friday for five weeks. The 
independent variable is: 

Your Answer: t​ emperature of the containers 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

18. What is the independent variable in the experiment found in the 
link below? 

Your Answer: c​ olor of the light 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

19. In the experiment found on the link, all of the following variables 
must be held constant EXCEPT 

Your Answer: c​ olor of the light 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

20. An unknown substance from planet X has a density of 10 g/mL. 
It occupies a volume of 80 mL. What is the mass of this unknown 
substance? 

Your Answer: 8​ 00 g 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

21. A graduated cylinder has 22 mL of water placed in it. An 
irregularly shaped rock is then placed in the graduated cylinder and 
the volume of the rock and water in the graduated cylinder now 
reads 30 mL . The mass of the rock is 24 g. What is the density of the 
rock? 

Your Answer: 3​ g/cm3 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

22. A rectangular solid of unknown density is 5 cm long, 2 cm high, 
and 4 cm wide. The mass of this solid is 300 grams. Given this 
information for this homogeneous material, calculate the density. 

Your Answer: 7​ .5 g/cm3 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

23. Silver has a density of 10.5 g/cm3 and gold has a density of 19.3 
g/cm3 . Which would have a greater mass, 5 cm3 of silver or 5 cm3 
of gold? 

Your Answer: ​Gold 
 

 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

24. A 28.5 g of iron is added to a graduated cylinder containing 45.5 
mL of water. The water level rises to the 49.1 mark. Calculate the 
density. 

Your Answer: ​7.92 g/cm3 
 
 

Correct 

25. 43.2 m = __________ mm  +1 / 1 point(s) 

Your Answer: ​43200  Correct 
 
 

26. 8700 mL = ________ L  +1 / 1 point(s) 

Your Answer: ​8.7  Correct 
 
 

27. 5.9 km = _____________ m  +1 / 1 point(s) 

Your Answer: ​5900  Correct 
 
 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

28. 756.0 cg = _____________ g 

Your Answer: ​7.56 
 
 

Correct 

29. 23,000 mm = _____________ m  +1 / 1 point(s) 

Your Answer: 2​ 3  Correct 
 
 

30. Metric Unit for Mass  +1 / 1 point(s) 

Your Answer: G​ RAMS  Correct 
 
 

31. Metric Unit for Density of a Solid  +1 / 1 point(s) 

Your Answer: g​ /cm3  Correct 
 
 

32. Metric Unit for Density of a Liquid  +1 / 1 point(s) 

Your Answer: g​ /mL  Correct 
 
 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

33. Which appliance is used twice as many hours on the weekends 
as it is on weekdays? 

Your Answer: ​TV 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

34.On average, how many hours is the computer used on a 
weekday? 

Your Answer: ​2 
 
 

Correct 

35. Which 2 objects are the same substance?  +1 / 1 point(s) 

Your Answer: 1​ and 4  Correct 
 
 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

36. What would the mass of the gold in B if the volume is 50% of A? 

Your Answer: ​500 g 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

37. Why does the Oceanic Plate sink below the Continental Plate in 

the picture? 

Your Answer: ​The Oceanic Plate made of Basalt is MORE DENSE than the 
Continental Plate made of Granite. 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

38. Why are mountains such as the Himalayans formed? Study the 

picture. 

Your Answer: C​ ontinental plates collide with equal density Continental Plates and 
are forced upwards. 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

39. What volume of silver metal will have a mass of exactly 300.0 g. 
The density of silver is 10.5 g/cm3. 

Your Answer: 2​ 8.6 cm3 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

40. The density of lead is 11.342 g/cm3. What would be the volume 
of a 400.0 g sample of this metal? 

Your Answer: ​35.3 cm3 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

41. If two objects have the same volume but one has a greater mass, 
the one with greater mass 

Your Answer: h​ as a higher density 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

42. If the density of water is 1 gram/cm3, this means that the mass 
of 100 cm3 of water should be 

Your Answer: ​100 grams 
 
 

Correct 

+1 / 1 point(s) 

43. The density of hot an cold water are different mainly because 

Your Answer: t​ he molecules in hot water move faster and are slightly further apart 

 

 
 

Phase Changes of Matter 

 
 

 

 
 
 

 
 
3. Activity: Phase Change of Water 

Directions:  
● Melt the ice water and record the temperatures every 30 seconds until you reach the 
boiling point of water. 
● Record the temperatures on the following data table:  
​ ​Construct a graph of your results. *U​ se Link on Classroom 
● Respond to the Critical Thinking Questions 

 

Graph: 

 
Critical Thinking Questions: 

1. When did the temperatures stay the same on the graph? Why did the 
temperatures stay the same at 2 points during the lab?  
The temperature stayed the same when the ice was melting and then again 
when the water was evaporating. The temperatures stayed the same at 2 points 
during the lab because it took the same amount of energy to melt the ice the 
entire time, along with when the water was evaporating. When the lines on the 
graph are flat, they are going through a phase change.  

2. How would the graph be different if we tried this experiment with Gold? 
Explain: 
The graph would be different if we tried this experiment with gold because it will 
take long for the gold to melt and heat up because it is more of a solid than ice 

is. The melting point and boiling point would be different but the graph will look 
the same.  
3. What is the role of energy during the phase changes? 
​The role of energy during phase changes is to get a solid object to evaporate. 
Doing this, the solid was to get to its melting point, then become a liquid, then 
evaporate and get to its boiling point, and finally be in the air.  
3. Describe the motion of the molecules throughout the experiment. Find 
diagrams that show the motion. 

 
4. How does the Average Kinetic Energy change throughout the experiment? 

(Be specific) 
T​ he Average Kinetic Energy changes throughout the experiment by the number 
of joules it takes to perform the different parts to make a solid a gas. It will take 
more energy to find the heat of vapor than it will to find the heat of fusion.  
5. Suppose you had 200 mL of ice in one beaker and 400 mL of ice in another 
beaker. What would be different about them if they were at the boiling 
point? Compare and explain the following in the beakers after they have 
reached the boiling point: 
A. Heat Energy 

a. The heat energy of the 200 mL of ice will have the same heat energy 
as the 400 mL of ice. This is because they are at the same temperature 
and have the same heat energy.  

B. Temperature 
a. The temperature of the 200 mL of ice will be the same as the 400 mL 
of ice at their boiling points because they will both be at 100 degrees. 
This is because they are both water and that is their boiling point.   

C. Average Kinetic Energy 
a. The Average Kinetic Energy of the 200 mL of ice will be the same as 
the 400 mL of ice. This is because it will take the same amount of 
energy to heat up 400 mL of ice as it will to heat up 200 mL of ice.  

D. Specific Heat 
a. The specific heat of the 200 mL of ice will be the same as the 400 mL 
of ice because both beakers are at 100 degrees which is water's boiling 
point. The specific heat of ice is 177,495.6 joules.  

E. Latent Heat (D​ efine it​) 
a. “Heat absorbed or released as the result of a phase change” 
b. The latent heat of the 200 mL of ice will be different than the beaker 
with 400 mL of ice. This is because more heat will be absorbed in the 
beaker with 400 mL of ice because there is more substance so more 
can be held in the beaker.  

7. Why do we put water in a car’s engine? Explain: 
We put water in a car’s engine because water absorbs the heat well but could boil 
and cause problems. Instead of water, use anti-freeze. If you mix water and 
antifreeze the water won’t boil before the coolant and will stop issues in your 
engine.  
 

8. Compare the moth crystal to water.  
The phase change of moth crystals are different than the phase change of water 
because since they are a different substance, the melting point, boiling point, and 
freezing point are different.  

 

 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 

 

Calculate Heat Energy: 

Apply the following Equations:  * SH 
Heat = Mass * Heat of Fusion MELT 
Heat = Mass * Change in Temperature

Heat = Mass * Heat of Vaporization 
Data Table: 

Metal  Mass  Heat of  Melting  Boiling  Heat of  Specific  Heat 
Fusion  Pt.​ (C) 
(cal/g)  Pt. ​(C)   Vaporization  Heat  Energy 

(cal/g)  (cal/gC)  (cal) 

Water  65 g  80   0  100  540  1  47,210  

Aluminu 65 g  95  660  2467  2500  0.21  193340.55 
m 

Gold  65 g  15  1063  2800  377  0.03  28867.15 

 
*SHOW ALL MATH STEPS 
Math Steps (____ out of 4) 
1. Aluminum 
A:  

HEAT = m * H​fusion 

HEAT = 65 g * 95 cal/g 
HEAT = 6175 calories 
B:  
HEAT = m * ∆T * SH 
HEAT = 65g * 1807 ℃ * 0.21 cal/g ℃ 
HEAT = 246,65.55 calories 
C:  

HEAT = m * H​vapor  
HEAT = 65g * 2500 cal/g  
HEAT = 162,500 calories 
193340.55 calories 
1.93 x 105​  
 
2. Gold 
A:  

HEAT = m * Hf​ usion 

HEAT = 65g * 15 cal/g 
HEAT = 975 calories  
B: 
HEAT = m * ∆T * SH 
HEAT = 65g * 1737 ℃ * 0.03 cal/g ℃ 
HEAT = 3387.15 calories 
C: 

HEAT = m * H​vapor  
HEAT = 65g * 377 cal/g 
HEAT = 24,505 calories 
28867.15 calories 
2.89 x 10​4 
 
3. Water 
A:  

HEAT = m * H​fusion 

HEAT = 65g * 80 cal/g 
HEAT = 5,200 calories  
B:  
HEAT = m * ∆T * SH 
HEAT = 65g * 100 ℃ * 1 cal/g ℃ 
HEAT = 6,500 calories 
C:  

HEAT = m * Hv​ apor  
HEAT = 65g * 540 cal/g 
HEAT = 35,510 calories 
47,210 calories 
4.72 x 104​  
 
Graph your Results: 

 
Questions:  

1. How are the substances different? 
a. The substances are different because they all have different melting and 
boiling points which cause different heat of fusion and heat of vaporization. All 
of this put together means that each metal has a different heat energy.  

2. What is the difference between Heat and Temperature? 
a. The difference between heat and temperature is that the heat of an object is 
the total energy of the object and the temperature is a measure of the 
average heat of the molecules inside a substance.  

3. Place your Heat Energy results in Scientific Notation. 
a. Water- 47,210 
b. Aluminum- 193,340.55 
c. Gold- 28,867.15 

4. Why do metals have such low specific heats? How does this relate to 
Conductors? 
a. Metals have such low specific heats because the atoms in pure metal are 
closer together so they are able to transfer heat heat easily. This relates to 
conductors because metals conduct heat well. This is because the electrons 
are free moving electrons so when they gain heat, they vibrate quickly, and 
pass energy more quickly.  

5. How are Heat and Temperature different for the following pictures of​ ​boiling 

water? Explain:​ (Hint: Use the Heat equation) 

 
The heat and temperature are different for the following pictures of boiling water 
because you will need more heat to heat up a big boy of water, like a lake, than it will to 
heat up a small beaker of water. The temperature is the same because they are both 
water and the boiling point for water, 100℃. No matter how much water it is the 
temperature will be the same.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

QUIZ: Phase Changes 2017 

Calculate Heat Energy: 

Apply the following Equations: 
Heat = Mass * Heat of Fusion 
Heat = Mass * Change in Temperature * SH 
Heat = Mass * Heat of Vaporization 
Data Table: 

Metal  Mass  Heat of  Melting  Boiling  Heat of  Specific  Heat 
Fusion  Pt.​ (C) 
(cal/g)  Pt. ​(C)   Vaporization  Heat  Energy 

(cal/g)  (cal/gC)  (cal) 

Water  37 g  80   0  100  540  1  26,640 

Silver  37 g  26  961  2212  2356  0.057  90,772.359 

 
Directions: ​Determine the Heat Energy required to completely evaporate the substances in 
the data table. 
 
*SHOW ALL MATH STEPS 
Math Steps (____ out of 4) 
A. Water 
HEAT= m*heat of fusion 
HEAT=37g*80cal/g 
HEAT= 2,960 calories 
 
HEAT= m*change in temperature*SH 
HEAT= 37g * 100 C * 1 cal/g C 
HEAT= 3,700 calories 
 
HEAT= m*heat of vaporization 
HEAT= 37g * 540 cal/g 
HEAT = 19,980 calories 
 
Total: 26, 640 calories 
Scientific Notation: 2.66 x 10​4 
 
B. Silver 
HEAT= m*heat of fusion 
HEAT=37g*26 cal/g 
HEAT= 962 calories 
 
HEAT= m*change in temperature*SH