What Do You Mean By Ray Optics Class 12?

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FORMULA BOOKLET PHYSICS CLASS 12 Chapter-Wave Motion 
CHAPTER RAY OPTICS
Chapter-Thermo Electricity 
Physics Formulas
Chapter-Semi Conductor Devices
Ray Optics

In optics, the ray is a geometric light model obtained by selecting a raised curve in
the wavefront of actual light that indicates where the energy is flowing. Rays are Chapter-Ray Optics 
used to model light propagation through the visual or optical system by dividing
the field of real light into direct rays that are not transmitted through a system with Chapter-Nuclear Physics 
ray tracing techniques. This allows even more complex optical systems to be
analyzed or simulated by computer. Chapter-Magnetism 

Ray tracing uses Maxwell's equation, which is valid as long as the light waves are Chapter-Optics 
waves that propagate around objects that are much larger than the light
wavelength. Ray optics or geometrical optics do not define diffraction events, Chapter-Atomic Physics 
which require wave Optics theory. Other wave events such as interference can be
modeled in moderate conditions by adding a phase to the ray model. Chapter-Capacitance 

Definition Chapter-Communication 

The light ray is a line straight to the front light waves; its tangent is collinear with Chapter-Current Electricity 
the vector of waves. Light rays inhomogeneous media are straightforward. They
bend at the interface between two different media and may turn at the point where Chapter-Electromagnetic 
the refractive index changes. Geometric optics describes how radiation is Induction
transmitted through the visual system. The objects to be imaged are considered as
collections of independent point sources, each of which produces circular front
waves and corresponding external rays. Radiation from each area can be
transmitted mathematically to obtain a corresponding point in the image.

How to Make an image With a Lens?

The real image of the body placed between 2f and f from the convex lens can be
captured on a screen placed in the image area even if the screen is removed. The
screen separates rays from an object into an image in the sky and then deviates.
Laser show projection is an excellent example of this.

What are the features of White light?

Image formation requires regular refraction / reflection. Radiation generated in one
location is expected to reach the same image location. That’s why certain things
like a book page don’t produce an image.

What are the uses of the lens?

In the case of myopia, the image is focused on a retina that can be repaired with
the help of a defective lens. In the case of hypermetropia, the image focuses on the
other side of the retina, which can be corrected with the help of a flexible lens. A
type of cylindrical lens is used to correct astigmatism.

Total interval refraction

Critical angle,

Prism formula

Len's maker formula

 

From Snell’s Law

i = angle of incidence
r = angle of refraction
d = i – r = angle of deviation
Denser →rarer medium
Light bends away from normal (d = r-i)
Rarer →denser medium
Light bends towards normal (d = i -r)

1μ2= refractive index of 2 medium w.r.t 1
μ1 = refractive index of 2 medium

No refraction
1. if light is incident normally on boundary
2. refractive index of 1st medium = refractive index of 2 medium

When light ray undergoes refraction, there is a change in its velocity and
wavelength but frequency of the light does not change.

V1 –velocity of light in 1 medium
V2 – velocity of light in 2 medium

λ1- wavelength of light in 1 medium
λ2- wavelength of light in 2 medium

Where, V1 – velocity of light in 1 medium
V2 – velocity of light in 2 medium

μ value depends colour (wavelength) of light
μ maximum for violet and minimum for red.

Real and Apparent Depths

Due to refraction, depth of an optically denser medium appears to be less than its
real depth.
Consider two media a and b, such that

Critical angle

1. Light travels from denser to rarer medium.
2. Angle of refraction in rarer medium is 90°.
3. Emergent ray passes along the surface of separation

If angle of incidence in denser medium is greater than its critical angle, the
light gets reflected back into same medium. This phenomenon is called total
internal reflection.

Examples

Sparkling of a diamond is due to total internal reflection.
Mirage in hot areas and looming in cold areas is due to total internal reflection.
Optical fibre works on the principle of total internal reflection

Refraction at Spherical surfaces

When light goes from rarer to denser medium through a spherical surface having
radius of curvature R. We have relation

Where n1 and n2 are refractive indices of rarer and denser medium respectively.
(i.e.n1 < n2) distance of the object from the pole is u and that of the image is v.

Academic team of Physics Wallah prepared short notes and all important Physics
formulas and bullet points of chapter Ray Optics formula sheet(class-12 Physics).

Related Topics

Important Questions of Ray Optics
Online Test for class 12
Download the Pdf of class 12 formula booklet physics of chapter Ray Optics from
the link given below



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