SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 2 Contents Background.................................................................................................................3 Organizing Committee .................................................................................................4 Conference Program Tentative .....................................................................................6 Parallel Session ...........................................................................................................7 Session 1...............................................................................................................7 Session 2...............................................................................................................8 Session 3...............................................................................................................9 Session 4.............................................................................................................10 Session 5.............................................................................................................11 Session 6.............................................................................................................12 Session 7.............................................................................................................13 1. Mechanical & Design...........................................................................................14 2. Material & Processing..........................................................................................21 3. Machining Technology .........................................................................................33 4. Instrumentation & Control System......................................................................43 5. Mechatronics & Robotics .....................................................................................47 6. Modelling & Simulation .......................................................................................60 7. Industrial Engineering.........................................................................................78 8. Intelligent Manufacturing ....................................................................................85
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 3 Background 5th International Symposium on Intelligent Manufacturing and Mechatronics (SIMM2023) is the fifth symposium that organized by Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Technology (FMET), UniMAP. This symposium was established with collaboration of three different Malaysian Technical University Network (MTUN) universities which are Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UteM) and Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP). The first symposium was oganized by UMP (2018), followed by UTeM (2019), UniMAP (2020), and UTeM (2021). More than 200 articles from this symposium have so far been successfully published in the SCOPUS-indexed proceedings book "Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering." The aim of this symposium is to create a platform for researchers to present their research work especially postgraduate students and researchers from Intelligent Manufacturing and Mechatronics field. This is in line with the needs of technology transformation readiness. Furthermore, this platform can be untilized for idea sharing, brainstorming and peer to peer coorporation. Additionally, this symposium serves as a single hub for discussion among researchers and to foster cooperation between Malaysian institution. This year symposium with ’’Toward Empowering Technological Transformation’' theme will offer combination of several tracks such as Intelligent Manufacturing, Machining Technology, Instrumentation & Control System, Mechanical & Design, Material & Processing, Industrial Engineering, Modelling & Simulation,and Mechatronics & Robotics.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 4 Organizing Committee Patron Prof. Ts. Dr. Zaliman Sauli Advisors Prof. Dr. Ir. Rizalafande Che Ismail Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid Symposium Chair Ts. Dr. Roshaliza Hamidon Deputy Symposium Chair Dr. Muhammad Syahril Bahari Secretary Ts. Dr. Siti Aishah Adam Tresurer Dr. Saadah Ahmad Sowi Pn. Nurul Shatirah Mohd Rozi Technical and Proceeding Dr. Asmawi Sanuddin Dr. Wan Azani Wan Mustafa Promotion and Collaboration Dr. Zailani Zainal Abidin Dr. Siti Rozakiyah Assurin Hassan Pn. Suzilawati Iberahim Website Ts. Dr. Ahmad Nabil Mohd Khalil Editing Dr. Jamali Md Sah Pn. Zehan Mat Saad
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 5 Certificate & Souvenir Pn. Nurhasfalindabaizura Beseri En. Mohd Izwan Ahmad Fikri KEYNOTE SPEAKERS PROF. ERRY YULIAN TRIBLAS ADESTA, PhD Vice Director (Planning & Cooperation) Universitas Indo Global Mandiri Palembang, Sumatera Selatan Indonesia EN. SHAHARIZAL ARIFFADILLAH Engineering and Operation Support Director Aerospace Composites Malaysia Sdn Bhd, Bukit Kayu Hitam, Kedah CONTACT DETAILS Email: [email protected] Phone: +604-9885115 Address: SIMM2023 Secretariat Manufacturing Department, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Kampus Pauh Putra, Jalan Arau - Changlun, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 6 Conference Program Tentative Date: 12 July 2023 0845 – 0855 Wawasanku Song UniMAP Corporate video 0855 – 0900 Du’a recitation by Dr Mohd Sabri Hussin 0900 – 0915 Welcoming speech by Dean, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Technology, (FMET), UniMAP 0915 – 0930 Opening Ceremony by Prof. Dr. Mohd YusoffMashor Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic & International), UniMAP 0930 – 1000 Keynote 1 by Prof. Dr. Erry Yulian TriblasAdesta Vice Director Planning & Cooperation Universitas Indo Global MandiriPalembang, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia 1000 – 1030 Keynote 2 by Mr. Shaharizal AriffadillahDirector Engineering & Operations Aerospace Composites Malaysia Sdn Bhd 1030 – 1035 Closing 1035 – 1100 Morning Break 1100 – 1400 PARALLEL SESSION
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 7 Parallel Session Session 1 No Paper ID Paper Title Presenter 1 SIMM2023: 024-010 Exploring the Link between Green Manufacturing and Financial and Social Performance: A Structural Equation Modeling Study Siti Norhafiza binti Abdul Razak 2 SIMM2023: 050-038 TRIZ Patented Literature Review on Automated Guided Vehicle Technology for Systematic Innovation Zulhasni Abdul Rahim 3 SIMM2023: 059-051 Optimization of Injection Molding Process Parameters for Carabineer Lock using the Taguchi Method Khor Chu Yee 4 SIMM2023: 082-073 Sustainable Manufacturing Through Materials Machining Innovations – A review Ahmad Shahir Jamaludin 5 SIMM2023: 058-078 Manufacturing Changeover Time Reduction for Dry Etching Tools in Wafer Fabrication Industry Using Single- Minute-Exchange-of-Dies (SMED) Tan Chan Sin 6 SIMM2023: 085-091 Risk Assessment of Pushing and Pulling (RAPP) among Mechanics at Tyre Service Center Mazlina Kamarudzaman 7 SIMM2023: 031-016 Application of the Bees Algorithm to Find Optimal Drill Path Sequence Shafie Kamaruddin 8 SIMM2023: 033-018 Product Design and Development of an Endotracheal Tube Connector (ETC) for medical Intubation using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Wan Ahmad Yusmawiza Wan Yusoff 9 SIMM2023: 056-042 The Patented Technology Innovation Portfolio on Remanufacturing in Circular Economy Using TRIZ Muhammad Saqib Iqbal 10 SIMM2023: 054-055 An Improved LSTM Text Classification Model for Factory Report Nurul Hannah Mohd Yusof 11 SIMM2023: 038-082 3D print: Stringing and Warping Detection using MobileNet-SSD Safwan Hisham 12 SIMM2023: 058-043 A comparison of cuckoo search approach and one-dimensional approach for cutting stock optimization Tan Chan Sin
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 8 Session 2 No Paper ID Paper Title Presenter 1 SIMM2023: 014-005 Towards Knowledge Based Computer Aided Process Planning for 5-Axis CNC Machining Mohd Salman Abu Mansor 2 SIMM2023: 020-009 Damage Oriented Assessment and Costing Analysis for Facilities in Aerobic Windrow Composting and Anaerobic Technologies for Food Waste Management Rozieana binti Abu 3 SIMM2023: 026-022 Multi-hole Making on Composite Panel " A Preliminary Study. Azeemi Ahmad 4 SIMM2023: 007-032 Dual Functional Onion Processor Ahmad bin Tulka 5 SIMM2023: 069-053 Evaluating the Impact of Hybrid Nanolubricants on Cutting Power Consumption in Inconel 718 Turning under MQL Conditions Muhammad Nasrin bin Dzulkiffli 6 SIMM2023: 069-054 Comparative Analysis of Cutting Forces and Tool Wear on NickelTitanium Austenite Finished of 33C and 100C: A Dry Cutting Approach Siti Munirah binti Faudzi 7 SIMM2023: 051-061 Automated Batch Measurement of Nose Radii of Cutting Tools Using Machine Vision Teong Yeong Lim 8 SIMM2023: 080-069 Hot Embossing of Micro Grating and Its Replication Accuracy Muhammad Syahrir Ahmad 9 SIMM2023: 082-074 Innovative high-speed machining of aerospace alloys with cutting-edge thermal distortion control " A review Ahmad Shahir Jamaludin 10 SIMM2023: 086-085 Effect of Toolpath Strategy on Toolpath Length in Al6061 Pocket Milling Processes Mohd Hazri Omar
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 9 Session 3 No Paper ID Paper Title Presenter 1 SIMM2023: 003-004 Mechanical Properties of EpoxyUHMWPE Variant for Hip Implant Proposal: Preliminary Study on Numerical and Experimental Muhammad Faris Bin Abd Manap 2 SIMM2023: 033-019 Analysis on the Surface Roughness and microstructures of the Laser Sintering part affected by Orange Peel texture Wan Ahmad Yusmawiza Wan Yusoff 3 SIMM2023: 065-052 A Study of Antimicrobial Characteristics of Anadara Granosa Shell Based Hydroxyapatite (HAp) Noorwahida binti Omar 4 SIMM2023: 072-056 Oxidative and Thermal Stability of Antioxidants Extracted from PalmPressed Fiber in Base Oil Lai Lee Yang 5 SIMM2023: 075-062 Fabrication of Glass Microlens Array Using Contactless Hot Embossing Raja Murfiqah Binti Raja Mohamad Fouzy 6 SIMM2023: 076-067 Fabrications of polymer light guide plate (LGP) using direct CO2 laser structuring Norfazilasari Binti Yasman 7 SIMM2023:0 81-071 Rice Husks Wood Vinegar from Simple Pyrolysis Suzilawati Iberahim 8 SIMM2023: 060-075 Low Pressure, Thermal Direct Bonding of PMMA-Dry Film Photoresist -PMMA for Microdevice Fabrication Azmi Mohamed Yusof 9 SIMM2023: 013-077 Measurement of Lubricant Oil Film Thickness upon Minimum Quantity Lubrication Drilling Process Nurrina Rosli 10 SIMM2023: 083-081 Hybrid Composites of Kenaf and Carbon: Exploring Characterization and Tensile Properties in Multi-Stack Configuration Siti Norbahiyah Mohamad Badari 11 SIMM2023: 084-083 Process Capability in Turning of Carbon Steel Muhammad Uthman Shah Buddin 12 SIMM2023: 046-087 Effect of Coconut Coir Characteristics on The Properties of Coir Reinforced Bioplastic Film Suriyarao S Raman Naidu
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 10 Session 4 No Paper ID Paper Title Presenter 1 SIMM2023: 010-003 Numerical analysis of stiffened cylindricalshells: a benchmark study Mohd Shahrom Ismail 2 SIMM2023: 044-031 Determination of the Anand Parametersfor SAC405 Solders Through the Use of Stress-Strain Data Mohd Syafiq Azfar Bin Rizaman 3 SIMM2023: 019-058 Characterization of graphite compoundproduced from oil palm trunk waste via explosive Muhammad Irfan Syazwan Ismail 4 SIMM2023: 045-059 Double Inclined Angle Punch for Trimming of JSC590YN Ultra-High Strength Steel Sheet Keng Yik Leong 5 SIMM2023: 049-079 Explosive Compaction Using Shock WaveGenerated by High Energy Load From Emulsion Explosive to Improve Hardnessof Aluminium 6061 Muhamad Effendi Azamudin 6 SIMM2023: 062-086 Development of Lightboard Studio forInteractive Online Teaching: FKTM UniMAP Experiences Azuwir Mohd Nor 7 SIMM2023: 091-088 Exploring the Impact of 3D Printing Parameters on the Compression Strength of Recycled PLA Filament Mohd Sabri Bin Hussin 8 SIMM2023: 091-089 Investigating the Influence of Fabrication Parameters on the Flexural Properties of3D Printed Recycled PLA Filament Mohd Sabri Bin Hussin 9 SIMM2023: 059-044 Response Surface Optimization of the Radial Heat Sink Parameter using Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis Khor Chu Yee 10 SIMM2023: 091-090 Tensile Properties of 3D Printed RecycledPLA Filament: A Detailed Study on Filament Fabrication Parameters Mohd Sabri Bin Hussin
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 11 Session 5 No Paper ID Paper Title Presenter 1 SIMM2023: 011-011 Throttle-by-wire Control of Output Voltage Using Hall Sensor Throttle with PWMOutput Mohd Nadzri Mamat 2 SIMM2023: 036-021 Analysis of Deep Learning Performance for Diabetic Retinopathy SeverityClassification Haniza Yazid 3 SIMM2023: 037-023 Sensor Array Chamber Design and FlowSimulation for Improved Gas Sensing Performance Abdulnasser Abdullah 4 SIMM2023: 028-024 A Soft Continuum Manipulator for Multi-Environmental Inspection Mohamed Tahir Shoani 5 SIMM2023: 042-029 Performance of Extreme Learning Machine Fateh Alrahman Kamal Qasem Al- Nagahsi 6 SIMM2023: 061-045 Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Branch RipenessDetection using YOLOV6 Alvi Khan Chowdhury 7 SIMM2023: 064-047 Classification of Malodor Gases in Greenhouse Environment Using ArtificialIntelligence Technique Abdul Syafiq Bin Abdull Sukor 8 SIMM2023: 071-063 SUAS-based Infrared Thermography for Rapid Temperature Reading in Building and Solar Photovoltaic Panels Inspection Ahmad Anas Yusof 9 SIMM2023: 077-064 Review on Wireless Control Methods of Air Conditioning System for ThermalComfort in Rooms Ismail Ishaq Bin Ibrahim 10 SIMM2023: 070-065 An IoT Based System to Monitor SoilParameter of Harumanis Tree Muhammad Faiz Aiman MohamedZaini 11 SIMM2023: 067-066 Acoustic lmpulse and Ultrasound Wave for Measuring the Firmness and lnsidious Fruit Rot of Fruit Muhammad Zunnurrainie Zulkifli 12 SIMM2023: 064-080 Performance Comparisons of GNB, RBF-SVM and NN for Stress Levels Classification using Discrete Wavelet Discrete Transform Muhammad Rasydan Bin Mazlan
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 12 Session 6 No Paper ID Paper Title Presenter 1 SIMM2023: 062-060 Development of A Small-Scale AutomaticColour Sorter Prototype Machine Muhammad Hazim Amzaí Bin Badíi 2 SIMM2023: 030-015 The Identification of The Modeling Based Estimation (Mbest) TechnologicalChallenges in Engineering Industry Works Estimation Norsyakilah Romeli 3 SIMM2023: 032-017 Development of Smart Intelligent Medicine Monitoring System Azian Azamimi binti Abdullah 4 SIMM2023: 034-020 Modeling of Potable Water Purification System by Using III-V Multijunction SolarCell and Cationic Polyacrylamide Alum to Improve the Efficiency Muhammad Shehram 5 SIMM2023: 041-026 Data Detection of Blind Selective Mapping Using Soft Output ViterbiAlgorithm (SOVA) Nur Qamarina Binti MuhammadAdnan 6 SIMM2023: 041-028 Particle Swarm Optimization for PAPRReduction of OFDM Systems Nur Qamarina Binti MuhammadAdnan 7 SIMM2023: 027-033 Water Quality Modelling of Langat RiverBasin Using HEC-RAS Nor Faiza Abd Rahman 8 SIMM2023: 027-035 Analysis of Annual Cumulative RainfallEvents in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia Nor Faiza Abd Rahman 9 SIMM2023: 022-034 Evaluating the Effectiveness of Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Filter in Enhancing Landslide Detectionfrom Accelerometer Data Suardi bin Kaharuddin 10 SIMM2023: 014-012 Investigation on Accessible CNC Simulation Approaches for MultiAxis Milling Machining through CAD/CAM Mohd Salman Abu Mansor
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 13 Session 7 No Paper ID Paper Title Presenter 1 SIMM2023: 027-037 Rainfall Data Analysis in Kerian River Basin Using Hyfran-Plus Model, Malaysia Nor Faiza Abd Rahman 2 SIMM2023: 052-039 A Study of Micro Shock Hazard in EMIS-based pH Sensor during Fetal Acidosis Assessment Siti Fatimah Abdul Halim 3 SIMM2023: 063-046 Application of Deep Learning in BuildingDigital Twin " A Review Falah Akmal Ismail 4 SIMM2023: 040-025 Rising Current Detecting Sensor for Current Pulse On-Time in Electrical Discharge Machining Betantya Nugroho 5 SIMM2023: 066-049 Investigating the Impact of Process Parameters on Quality of Injection Molded Plastic Axial Fan Blades: A Moldflow Simulation Study Mohd Uzair Mohd Rosli 6 SIMM2023: 066-050 One Factor at A Time Investigation ofInjection Molding Process for ThinWalled Laptop Component via Simulation Mohd Uzair Mohd Rosli 7 SIMM2023: 078-068 Archimedes Optimization Algorithm forPID Controller Design of Buck Converter Kuok Fong Ling 8 SIMM2023: 006-072 Modelling an Accurate ANN Model withMultiple Inputs to Predict Dimensional Accuracy Hani Nasuha Binti Hadi IrazmanNasuha 9 SIMM2023: 068-076 Simulation of Wireless Power Transferfor Electrical Power Transmission through Medium Concrete Latifah binti Mohamed 10 SIMM2023: 032-048 Brain Tumor Radiogenomic Classificationusing Deep Learning Algorithms Azian Azamimi binti Abdullah
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 14 1.Mechanical & Design
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 15 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 010-003 Title: Numerical analysis of stiffened cylindrical shells: a benchmark study First Author: Mohd Shahrom Ismail Co-Author: Jamaluddin Mahmud Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah This work aims to analyse the influence of imperfections of stiffened cylindrical shells subjected to axial compression and external pressure using finite element (FE) analysis. Several case studies were conducted with five (5) available experimental data using the single perturbation load approach (SPLA) and codified formulation. Further comparison of the local dent produced by the SPLA is made with given experimental data and estimated codified guideline. Overall, the SPLA demonstrate an attractive ability for preliminary design of imperfection in axially compressed and externally pressured stiffened cylindrical shells together with its estimated local dent. Eventually, the SPLA appeared not to be the worst structural imperfection in some cases. This is pointed out by the overestimation of collapse loads established by some models namely AR-1a, Y1A and R2 in comparison with experimental results. The findings also highlight a small limitation in calculating the local dent through codified formulation. Nonetheless, the stiffened cylinder evolution in buckling failure is also discussed thoroughly.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 16 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 044-031 Title: Determination of the Anand Parameters for SAC405 Solders Through the Use of Stress-Strain Data First Author: Mohd Syafiq Azfar Rizaman Co-Author: Ahmad Sufian Abdullah ([email protected]); Aliff Farhan Mohd Yamin ([email protected]) Centre of Mechanical Engineering Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, 13500, Malaysia The deformation behavior of solders in electronic assemblies is frequently represented using the Anand inelastic constitutive model. Plasticity and creep are combined and characterized by the same set of flow and evolution relations in the Anand model. In this study, Anand inelastic constitutive model for SAC405 (95.5Sn-4.0Ag-0.5Cu) lead free solder has been used to con-struct the theoretical equations for the creep response of solder and the uniaxial stress strain response (constant strain rate). The steps to obtain Anand model parameters from experimental data on stress-strain and creep was also established. The Anand parameters were derived from data on uniaxial stress and strain recorded at various temperatures (T = 25 C, 50 C, 75 C, 100 C, and 125 C) and strain rates (= 0.001 sec-1, 0.0001 sec-1, and 0.00001 sec-1). Comparison of the results generated from the Anand model with the measured stress-strain and creep data, the accuracy (goodness of fit) of the Anand model utilizing the extracted material parameters has been assessed. Over a wide variety of temperatures and stress/strain levels, it was demonstrated in every case that the Anand model accurately predicted the actual data with a goodness of fit values of 0.852, 0.835 and 0.902 for strain rate 0.001 sec-1, 0.0001 sec-1 and 0.00001 sec-1 respectively.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 17 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 059-044 Title: Response Surface Optimization of the Radial Heat Sink Parameter using Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis First Author: Mun Choong Leong Co-Author: C.Y. Khor; M.U. Rosli; W.M. Faizal; M.S. Zakaria; Mohd Sharizal Abdul Aziz Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia Evaluating heat sink design parameters is vital to ensure the capability and suitability for various applications. Heat sinks can malfunction when experiencing high temperatures for a long period of time due to their poor thermal management. This study aims to analyze the performance of radial heat sinks for high-temperature applications in terms of heat transfer coefficient by using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) optimization analysis. This study focused on optimizing heat sink design parameters (i.e., thickness, height and the number of fins) to the heat transfer coefficient (h) and Nusselt number (Nu) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In the optimization, the optimum height, thickness and number of fins are 41 mm, 3 mm and 10-fins, respectively, generating maximum values of 9.10 W/m2 heat transfer coefficient and 375.97 Nusselt number. The error percentage from both validation ways was considered acceptable since it was less than 10%. Therefore, the finding is useful for heat sink optimization and better explains the interaction relationship between all design parameters to the engineer and researcher in the thermal management research field.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 18 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 019-058 Title: Characterization of graphite compound produced from oil palm trunk waste via explosive First Author: MUHAMMAD IRFAN SYAZWAN BIN ISMAIL Co-Author: Ahmad Humaizi Hilmi ([email protected]); Norizah Abd Karim ([email protected]) 1 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis Malaysia 2 Faculty Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis Graphitic compound was produced using oil palm trunk waste via ex-plosion method. The amount of explosion materials used were varied in the range of 50g to 100g while the amount of oil palm trunk used remains constant at 50g. Every single sample that was produced throughout the explosion process was characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and the analysis phase was confirmed by looking up the diffraction pattern using the X'pert Highscore Plus software. The produced synthetic graphitic was examined using RAMAN analysis to confirm the graphitic nature. From the investigation result show, the confirmation that synthetic graphite was successfully syntheses using explosion. Synthetic graphite produced matched with XRD references code of 00-041-1487. Analysis of RAMAN confirm the formation of D, G and 2D peaks at the respective wave number of 1200-1500 cm-1, 1500-1800 cm-1 and 2700 cm-1.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 19 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 045-059 Title: Double Inclined Angle Punch for Trimming of JSC590YN Ultra-High Strength Steel Sheet First Author: Leong Keng Yik Co-Author: Muhammad Hasnulhadi bin Mohammad Jaafar ([email protected]); Nur Liyana binti Tajul Lile ([email protected]); Muhammad Aiman bin Ahmad Fozi ([email protected]); Zamzuri bin Hamedon ([email protected]) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Kampus Tetap Pauh Putra, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia One of the post-processing operations in the stamping of car body parts is trimming, where the scrap is removed from the main part. For car body parts made of the Ultra-high strength steel (UHSS) sheet, the strength of the sheet is high, thus making the trimming process relatively challenging. When trimming UHSS car parts, the conventional flat-shaped punch simultaneously pushed and indented the steel sheet, resulting in a high trimming load and consequently resulting in a low-quality sheared edge surface. In this study, the trimming punch was designed to have an inclined angle with respect to the trimming direction and lateral surface of the punch. The results for trimming the parts made of JSC590YN grade UHSS having a tensile strength of about 630MPa show that, by using the double inclined angle trimming punch, the trimming load was reduced up to 60% of that when using the flat trimming punch. Moreover, the quality of the sheared edge was found better with a larger burnished surface, smaller fracture, and lower height of burr.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 20 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 049-079 Title: Explosive Compaction Using Shock Wave Generated by High Energy Load From Emulsion Explosive to Improve Hardness of Aluminium 6061 First Author: Muhamad Effendi Azamudin Co-Author: Muhamad Saifuldin Abdul Manan ([email protected]); Ahmad Humaizi Hilmi ([email protected]); Mohd Syedi Imran Mohd Dawi ([email protected]); Rozie Nani Ahmad ([email protected]); Mohd Sabri Hussin ([email protected]) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Kampus Tetap Pauh Putra, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia In this study, the emulsion explosive compaction technique was used to improve the hardness of aluminum 6061. Four different specimens were prepared, each undergoing explosive compaction with a different weight of emulsion explosive. The emulsion explosion generates a shock wave propagating through a plunger which acts as a medium for the compaction of a specimen (target). The hardness of the specimens was then tested using a Vickers hardness tester, and the results were compared. The findings indicate that the hardness of aluminum 6061 can be significantly improved using the emulsion explosive compaction technique. The peak hardness values of the specimens were recorded in the middle of the specimens, with the highest values observed for specimens with a higher weight of emulsion explosive. The micro-hardness values of specimens T1 and T2 were found to be 165.9 Hv and 169.2 Hv, respectively, while the micro-hardness value of specimen T0 (without explosive compaction) was 119.5 Hv. The microhardness values of specimens T1, T2, and T3 increased by 29.2%, 32.1%, and 9.3%, respectively, compared to specimen T0. The hardness profile of the specimens showed that the highest values were observed in the middle section of the specimens, specifically at distances between 20 mm and 30 mm from the edge. The average micro-hardness values of the specimens were also found to be significantly improved compared to specimen T0. In conclusion, emulsion explosive compaction is a useful technique for enhancing the hardness of aluminum 6061. This study provides insights for further research on the mechanical properties of materials and the potential of explosive compaction for enhancing other mechanical properties of materials.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 21 2.Material & Processing
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 22 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 003-004 Title: Mechanical Properties of Epoxy-UHMWPE Variant for Hip Implant Proposal: Preliminary Study on Numerical and Experimental First Author: Muhammad Faris Abd Manap Co-Author: Solehuddin Shuib ([email protected]); Ahmad Zafir Romli ([email protected]); Farrah Noor Ahmad ([email protected]); Nor Shamimi Shaari ([email protected]); Mahfuzah Zainudin ([email protected]) Universiti Teknologi MARA Demanding of improving hip implant material selection increase every year. Thus, since few decades ago, research were conducted focusing on incorporating material to improve its lifespan. Epoxy reinforced with different loadings of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles were prepared using hand-layup techniques. The effect of different UHMWPE particles on the Epoxy matrix were investigated based on mechanical proper-ties aspect. Instron Universal Testing machine equipped with extensometer and Microscopy Scanning Machine was used to acquire the Youngs Modulus, Poissons ratio and eventually observe the outcome of UHMWPE particles amount on the Epoxy matrix, respectively. The results indicated that the thickness of the variants affecting the Youngs Modulus which increased up to 66% at 5mm thickness EpUHMWPE variants. The Poissons ratio also shows different value which 5mm thickness variants obtained higher Poissons ratio. The numerical formulation predicted that Youngs Modulus should decrease proportional with the increase of thickness and higher filler added, however the results by experimental study indicated otherwise. The observation through microscopy shows that higher filler will disperse uniformly especially in EpUHMWPE4 and EPUHMWPE5 at both thickness condition. However, higher filler does not indicated improvement of the mechanical properties as EpUHMWPE2 at 5mm thickness shows highest mechanical properties improvement at just 2 wt%. This study successfully tested the EpUHMWPE composites by finding the Youngs Modulus and Poissons ratio of the sample variants.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 23 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 033-019 Title: Analysis on the Surface Roughness and microstructures of the Laser Sintering part affected by Orange Peel texture First Author: WAY Yusoff The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of "Orange Peel" surface texture on the parts surface finish. The research analyzes the surface and microstructure of the "Orange Peel" surface texture of the laser-sintered parts. The "Orange Peel" surface was identified to undergo surface roughness measurement and microstructure analysis. Then, a classification of the degree of seriousness of the "Orange Peel" texture was proposed based on the surface roughness measurement result. Finally, it was found that parts made from recycled powder have a poorer surface texture and contain a large portion of unsintered powder particles. Based on the findings, a better understanding of powder recycling is defined, especially in the scope of surface roughness and microstructure. The result will allow researchers to make improvements in the laser sintering process.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 24 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 058-043 Title: A comparison of cuckoo search approach and one-dimensional approach for cutting stock optimization First Author: Nur Suhana Co-Author: Tan Chan Sin; Ahmad Humaizi Bin Hilmi; Rosmaini Ahmad; Shaliza Azreen Mustafa Advanced Manufacturing System Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia. Cutting Stock problem has been commonly used in the Cuckoo Search approach and One-Dimensional approach in industry. A Linear Programming methodology uses these two methods. In the case of cutting paper sheets, wood, scrap, and many other industries, cutting stock issues occur. This initiative relates to the real issue of cutting the sheets of paper, wood, and waste in the factory manufacturing line. To overcome the losses they are now facing, actual evidence will be gathered and measured by reducing the percentage dependent on each case analysis of the existing content used. The research focuses on discovering suitable cutting patterns for One Dimensional cutting stock using the simplex algorithm. This can solve sub-problems in the One Dimensional, to decide the entering column (pattern). The sub-problem is a type of knapsack, and by using linear programming to overcome it. To produce optimum cutting patterns, a computer programmed based on the above method is created. Using MATLAB, realcut 1d and GoNest 1D, a pattern generation algorithm was created and coded. This paper also generates and codes using MATLAB for Cuckoo Search to solve the problem of exposed material cutting as an alternative approach to the genetic algorithm, which would also use linear programming to solve the output of the Cuckoo Search algorithm. Several problems are solved using the Cuckoo Search method and the One-Dimensional Method to determine the feasibility of these suggested methods. And then it will compare the associated outcomes.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 25 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 065-052 Title: A Study of Antimicrobial Characteristics of Anadara Granosa Shell Based Hydroxyapatite (HAp) First Author: Noor Wahida Omar ([email protected]) Co-Author: Nashrul Fazli Mohd Nasir ([email protected]); Nur Farahiyah Mohammad ([email protected]); Mohd Riza Mohd Roslan ([email protected]); Che Wan Sharifah Robiah Mohamad ([email protected] ); Cheng Ee Meng ([email protected]); Azian Azamimi Abdullah ([email protected]) ; Latifah Mohamed ([email protected]) Universiti Malaysia Perlis Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a calcium phosphate that resembles human hard tissues in form and composition. This research investigates the low-cost production of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) from Anadara granosa using a wet precipitation method. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the morphology and physicochemical properties of HAp powders. The SEM image of the HAp powders shows the rough surface of the HAp powders. The EDS result confirmed that C, Ca, P and O are the main elements of HAp. Meanwhile, all the characteristic bands of HAp were present in the FTIR spectrum. The O-H stretching bond in the HAp is shown at 3388.53cm−1, the 32− weak band was at 1455.88cm−1 and the stretching mode of 43− was at 962.57cm−1. Antimicrobial study was conducted using agar well diffusion method on Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The absence of an inhibitory zone on the agar plate suggested that Anadara granosa shell-based HAp was lacked antibacterial capabilities.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 26 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 072-056 Title: Oxidative and Thermal Stability of Antioxidants Extracted from PalmPressed Fiber in Base Oil First Author: Lai Yee Leng Co-Author: Nor Ilia Anisa Aris ([email protected]); Tabita Yieasu Manivanan The lower oxidative stability of lubricating oil can be mitigated or retarded by scavenging free radicals from phenolic compounds, an additive usually derived from plants due to their lower toxicity. The phenolic compounds have an antioxidant effect that donates an at-om to stop the oxidation process in the reaction chain. In this work, the thermal and oxidative stability of natural antioxidants extracted from pressed palm fibres was investigated. The antioxidant com-pounds were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction with 70% ethanol at 30 minutes and a ratio of 1:40 (sample to solvent). The antioxidant was added to different types of mineral oil before its functional groups were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and its thermal and oxidative stability by the thermogravimetry analyser (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The results showed that the antioxidants changed the functional groups in the mineral oil and the base oil and increased the thermal stability of the base oil by about 20C. The thermal stability in the DSC also showed an increase in the initial temperature due to the presence of antioxidants from -79.0°C to -0.4°C.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 27 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 075-062 Title: Fabrication of Glass Microlens Array Using Contactless Hot Embossing First Author: Raja Murfiqah Binti Raja Mohamad Fouzy Co-Author: Norfazilasari Binti Yasman ([email protected]); Aina Aishah Binti Maharon ([email protected]); Helen Lee May Shian ([email protected]); Mohd Zairulnizam Bin Mohd Zawawi ([email protected]) Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia Contactless hot embossing or so called partial-filling hot embossing process is one promising replication-based method for fabrication of high quality microlens array (MLA) with different sag height. By applying heat, holding time and pressure, the glass material squeeze into the mold holes to form lens shape without contacting the bottom of the mold; thus, adhesion be-tween substrate and mold can be minimized and at the same time increased the mold durability. Herein, by using simple and inexpensive home-built setup, fabrication of glass microlens array (MLA) using contactless hot embossing process is proposed. Mild steel plate with an array of through holes fabricated via electrical discharge machining (EDM) was used as the mold. The morphology of the imprinted glass MLA was confirmed via the 3D measuring laser microscope. As a result, very high aspect ratio and smooth spherical glass MLA array with different sag height were successfully fabricated. This approach allows rapid fabrication of high aspect ratio MLA with the advantages of simple mold fabrication process and smooth surface roughness.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 28 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 076-067 Title: Fabrications of polymer light guide plate (LGP) using direct CO2 laser structuring First Author: Norfazilasari Binti Yasman Co-Author: Raja Murfiqah Binti Mohamad Fouzy ([email protected]); Mohd Zairulnizam Bin Mohd Zawawi ([email protected]) Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia Light guide plates (LGPs) are an integral component that help distribute illumination from the light source in a variety of applications. Therefore, the design and quality of the microstructure pattern in LGPs play a significant role in achieving high luminous efficiency and light uniformity. This study investigates the relationship between laser power and laser scanning speed to the formation of micro-dots by using CO2 direct laser structuring on PMMA. Furthermore, the effect of different micro-dots pitch to the luminance was also evaluated using the luminance meter. Our finding shows that increase of laser power and decrease of scanning speed resulted in larger micro-dots diameter and deeper micro-dots. The results also showed that the smaller the pitch, the higher the luminance reading. Overall, the low-cost CO2 direct laser structuring demonstrated in the study able to produce consistent micro-dots pattern diameter and height which is suitable for fabrication of LGPs in the mass production.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 29 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 081-071 Title: Rice Husks Wood Vinegar from Simple Pyrolysis First Author: Suzilawati Binti Iberahim1 Co-Author: Hasnizam Bin Hasan2; Mohd Fadhli Bin Ahmad1 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin, 02600 Arau, Perlis Malaysia. 2Department of General Study Politeknik Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin, 02600 Arau, Perlis Malaysia. The northern states of Malaysia are synonym with paddy plantation. After harvesting season rice husk and paddy straw will go through disposal stage where it will be openly burn by the farmers. The activity has caused air pollution and to reduce the problem a method came to existence so that agricultural waste can be turned to another usable product. Pyrolysis system is built to counter the problem by turning smoke from the agricultural waste to another product called liquid oil or also known as wood vinegar. Liquid oil or wood vinegar is widely used by the agricultural industry as fertilizer, growth catalyzed, and pollen agent, disease control agent for plant and etc. Liquid oil is analyzed with 13 chemical compositions such as Acetic Acid, Ethanol, Furfural, Ethanone, Spiro, Phenol, O-Cresol, Phenol-Methyl, 2-Methoxyphenol, Phenol 2-methoxy 4- methyl, Dimethoxytoluene, Isophopenyl and Phenol 2- Methoxy. Content percentage of Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Hydrogen (H) and Sulfur (S) in the liquid oil produced are nearly the same with the previous research (literature review). Therefore, if the usage and production of liquid oil or wood vinegar can be widen, there will be lesser pollution due to lesser agricultural activity.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 30 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 060-075 Title: Low Pressure, Thermal Direct Bonding of PMMA-Dry Film Photoresist - PMMA for Microdevice Fabrication First Author: Muhamad Fitri M. Yazid Co-Author: Azmi Mohamed Yusof ([email protected]); Farah M. Nawang Mechanical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Malaysia In many microfluidic device fabrications, obtaining the hermetic sealing is a great challenge, especially for bonding between non-homogenous material pairs. This work presents the evaluations of non-homogeneous material bonding between dry film photoresist (DFR) and Poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) substrates using low pressure and low temperature direct thermal bonding. DFR is a light sensitive material and well adhered to the PMMA surface before UV exposure, but its chemical structures changed after being exposed to UV irradiation, which caused the DFR to crosslink permanently. Therefore, the low pressure and low temperature (below the glass transition temperature of PMMA, TG = 95°C) bonding evaluation was made by first preparing the base substrate by laminating the DFR on PMMA (PMMA/DFR) and then exposing it under UV i-line irradiation (wavelength 365nm) for 120s. The base substrate was later bonded with another PMMA substrate, creating a substrate consisting of the PMMA/DFR+PMMA pairs. Three different surface conditions were evaluated: the PMMA substrate without surface treatment, the PMMA substrate surface treated with isopropanol and PMMA substrate surface treated with ethanol. Different curing temperatures and times in the inductive oven were carried out. Results revealed that without sufficient clamping pressure, thermal direct bonding of an untreated PMMA substrate surface could not be obtained even after it was cured in an oven at a temperature close to TG. While surface treatment with ethanol revealed promising bonding between PMMA and DFR+PMMA, the bonding coverage area could attain only 50% at best with curing temperature of 90°C for 25 minutes. Surface treatment with Isopropanol revealed an interesting result whereby 90% coverage area of bonded surface obtained when cured in an oven at 90°C for 20 minutes. Bonding shear stress evaluation produces 1.92 MPa at best. The results obtained in this work offers low pressure and low temperature thermal direct bonding which can be used as a guide for future microfluidics device fabrication.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 31 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 013-077 Title: Measurement of Lubricant Oil Film Thickness upon Minimum Quantity Lubrication Drilling Process First Author: Nurrina Rosli Co-Author: Amiril Sahab Abdul Sani ([email protected]); Afifah Mohd Ali ([email protected]); Ho Yong Jie ([email protected]) Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Most of the investigations on the Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) drilling process are focusing on the effects of drilling conditions such as tool wear and temperature generated. However, these effects are mainly depending on the behaviour of the MQL lubricant oil which had been ignored by most of the researchers. Challenging procedure and complex setup are one of the reasons why there are lack of investigation on this area. In this study, a non-intrusive method, Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) method will be used to analyse the lubricant oil film thickness in order to avoid disruption on the natural behaviour of liquid. LIF is a method that using fluorescence light intensity of the diode laser to measure the thickness of the lubricant oil film. A crucial calibration will be carried out to correlate fluorescence light intensity and lubricant oil film thickness. Besides, surface roughness of the cutting zone also will be measured. The results show that when the drilling speed increases, the thinner the lubricant oil film thickness. As well as the MQL flow rates, the higher the MQL flow rates is set, the thinner the lubricant oil film thickness. For the surface roughness of drilling zone, the surface roughness is getting better when the drilling speed and MQL flow rates increase.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 32 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 084-083 Title: Process Capability in Turning of Carbon Steel First Author: Muhammad Uthman Bin Shah Buddin Co-Author: Dr. Wahaizad Bin Safiei (wahaizads ump.edu.my) Universiti Malaysia Pahang Process capability is a statistical concept used in engineering and quality management to assess and record a process's performance in comparison to its specifications. This paper aimed to better understanding the process capability through turning operation. The end objective of this experiment is to test if the process falls within the range of specification limits. Inputs including variety range spindle speed, fixed depth of cut, and fixed length of cut have been chosen for this study. Spindle speed of 5 2, 330, 650, 950, and 1350 rpm were chosen to be used in this study. Depth of cut and length of cut were 0.4 mm and 15 mm respectively. Diameter as the output was calculate d to process obtain capability index. Stability test and normality test were carried out before proceeding to obtaining capability index. Capability index for both machines were in range of required limits. However, more inputs may be added in the future to further grasping the knowledge of process capability.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 33 3.Machining Technology
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 34 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 014-005 Title: Process Capability in Turning of Carbon Steel First Author: Muhammad Hazwan Abdul Basir Co-Author: Mohd Salman Abu Mansor (Corresponding Authors: [email protected]) Universiti Sains Malaysia This paper presents a beginning study on knowledge-based computer aided process planning for 5-axis computer numerical control (CNC) machining. There is a deficient on research effort that integrates the knowledge-based computer aided process planning for 5-axis CNC machining although there is another research has integrated surface recognition into it. Therefore, this research utilizes the surface recognition by assigning each surface with its own knowledge-based computer aided process planning. The aims of this study are to develop an initial programming for knowledge-based computer aided process planning and to test the developed programming with a product. The method involves five steps of process planning i.e. design input, material selection, process selection, tool selection and cost estimation. Through machining parameters consideration in the process planning steps, the knowledge based proposed for each step will be associated to each other in order to become a knowledge-based computer aided process planning. This approach has considered several parameters that involve in machining process such as cutting speed, tool diameter, spindle speed, feed rate, material removal rate, volume removal, cutting time, cost unit and cost per cutting. These parameters are determined in the steps for a subsequent manufacturing process.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 35 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 020-009 Title: Damage Oriented Assessment and Costing Analysis for Facilities in Aerobic Windrow Composting and Anaerobic Technologies for Food Waste Management First Author: ROZIEANA ABU 1 Petrochemical Engineering Department, Politeknik Tun Syed Nasir, Malaysia 2 School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Windrow is preferable for food waste treatment in terms of scalability, handling, and maintenance, as reflected in the lower costs for large-scale operations. However, the windrow performance is affected by the technology used, the kind of waste being treated, and the working condition of the facilities. This study quantifies and compares the damage impacts of windrows with the other five technologies using a life cycle assessment damage-oriented approach. In terms of resource availability, human health, and ecosystem diversity, windrow treatment is the third most preferable of the damage impacts (6.61E+02 Pt). Life cycle costing analysis (LCCA) was performed utilizing the present worth method with a discount rate of 10% for a 15-year lifespan. The windrow constituted the most economical alternative, with a net LCCA of MYR 914, 432. The sanitary landfill as the baseline technology showed the most cost-intensive facilities (MYR 206, 828, 433) due to the high operation and maintenance costs. This study assists decision-making for the implementation of appropriate FW management in Malaysia.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 36 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 026-022 Title: Multi-hole Making on Composite Panel: A Preliminary Study. First Author: Azeemi Ahmad Tarmizi Co-Author: Ahmad Baharuddin Abdullah School of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus Hole-making for composite panels using drilling is common. However, due to high tooling costs, a hybrid process that combines punching and drilling was proposed. Preliminary studies found that, even though the process allows for faster tool changes and less setup time, overall productivity is still low as compared to the benchmark. Therefore, in this study, multi-hole making is proposed, and three methods were evaluated mainly based on the time required to complete the task. Method 1, where the punching operation is done all at once, followed by drilling one by one, requires the least time as compared to other methods.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 37 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 007-032 Title: Dual Functional Onion Processor. First Author: Ahmad bin Tulka Petrochemical Engineering Department, Politeknik Tun Syed Nasir, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia Peeling and slicing onions is a demanding and time-consuming procedure in the food preparation process that occurs on a regular basis in all food processing systems. There are onion processors on the market. However, they use a separate machine to peel and slice the onions. To move the processed product to the next stage of processing, it took time. Thus, a dual-functional onion processor machine in terms of peeling and slicing was designed, built, and tested for functionality. The major components of the machine include a bench grinder, straight grinding wheel, vacuum cleaner, gear, rough sponge, PVC pipe, aluminum flat sheet, transparent Perspex, and a slicing unit. The performance of the machine in peeling and slicing was evaluated by comparing the time to complete the process between the manual process and the Dual Function Onion Processor machine. According to the study, the machine that transferred the peeling of the onions to the slicing process produced a satisfactory result, as it could complete the process in 2 minutes for 100 gm of onions.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 38 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 069-053 Title: Evaluating the Impact of Hybrid Nanolubricants on Cutting Power Consumption in Inconel 718 Turning under MQL Conditions. First Author: Muhd Nasrin Dzulkiffli Co-Author: Yuzairi Abd Rahim ([email protected]), Ahmad Nabil Mohd Khalil ([email protected], Hadiash M Salleh ([email protected]) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia Inconel 718, a high-strength nickel-based superalloy, is widely employed in demanding industries such as oil and gas, marine, and aerospace. The material's robust properties pose challenges during machining, necessitating increased power consumption and resulting in economic losses. Conventional lubricants aim to enhance machining performance but contribute to environmental pollution. The adoption of a minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique seeks to reduce lubricant use, but its efficacy remains limited. This study examines the potential of hybrid nanolubricants as an alternative to conventional cutting fluids, applied in conjunction with MQL for Inconel 718 machining. The investigation focuses on the impact of hybrid nanolubricants on power consumption during the turning process. Various cutting speeds (25, 50, and 100 m/min) were tested, maintaining a constant feed rate (0.5 mm/rev) and depth of cut (1.0 mm), and compared with single (Al_2 O_3) and hybrid (Al_2 O_3+ZnO, 1:1) nanolubricants under MQL and dry machining conditions. Results reveal that the hybrid nanolubricant exhibits lower average power consumption across all cutting speeds, thus enhancing machining efficiency. Relative to dry machining, the hybrid nanolubricant achieves 53% power reduction at 25 m/min, 29% at 50 m/min, and 39% at 100 m/min. Comparisons with single nanolubricant show improvements of 13% at 25 m/min, 13.1% at 50 m/min, and 7% at 100 m/min. Hybrid nanolubricants demonstrate superior performance as cutting fluids for hard-to-machine alloys like Inconel 718, contributing to reduced power consumption. The findings hold potential applications in industries seeking environmentally friendly, energy-efficient alternatives to traditional cutting fluids.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 39 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 069-054 Title: Comparative Analysis of Cutting Forces and Tool Wear on NickelTitanium Austenite Finished of 33°C and 100°C: A Dry Cutting Approach. First Author: Siti Munirah Faudzi Co-Author: Ahmad Nabil Mohd Khalil ([email protected]), Azwan Iskandar Azmi ([email protected]), Hadisah M Salleh ([email protected]) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia NiTi alloys have increasingly gained pivotal relevance due to their unique mechanical behavior, pseudoelasticity and shape memory effect (SME). However, high cutting force and rapid tool wear are the main difficulties in machining NiTi alloy due to their poor machinability. This study aims to comparatively examine the cutting force and tool wear between NiTi alloy with austenite finish (AF) of 33°C and 100°C under dry cutting condition. A CNC turning machine along with carbide insert as cutting tool was used to perform the cutting experiments. Throughout the machining process, the cutting parameters which includes the cutting speed was varied from 100 m/min to 200 m/min while the depth of cut and feed rate were maintained constant. The main cutting forces were calculated with the help of dynamometer, the average tool wear was measured using a microscope and the hardness of the alloy was measured using Vickers hardness tester. The results show that NiTi alloy with austenite finish of 100°C exhibited higher cutting force and tool wear compared to NiTi alloy with austenite finish 33°C, which was attributed to the hardness of the alloy. Hence, NiTi alloy with austenite finish 33°C is better suited for dry cutting application due to its lower cutting force and moderate tool wear.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 40 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 051-061 Title: Automated Batch Measurement of Nose Radii of Cutting Tools Using Machine Vision. First Author: Lim Teong Yeong Co-Author: Woo Yian Peen ([email protected]) UiTM Cawangan Pulau Pinang In manufacturing, the nose radius of a cutting tool insert is known to affect the surface quality of the finished workpiece and the conditions of the insert due to the direct interaction of the tool nose with the workpiece during machining. Conventional approaches for measuring the nose radius using profile projector and toolmakers microscope require manually selected points from the nose profile which cause inaccurate measurement of nose radius because only a few points are selected for circle fitting. Thus, the measurement of nose radius of multiple cutting inserts using 2-D images scanned using a high-resolution lowcost flatbed scanner is proposed in this research work. Batch measurement of radii using image processing techniques require the cutting inserts to be scanned and cropped individually, extracting the tool tips and finally applying the subpixel edge detection before circle fitting to determine the actual radii. Less than 1% of mean errors were found using the proposed automated measurement as compared to 11% using the conventional profile projector. This shows that scanned images with automated radii measurement produces higher accuracy in radii measurement as compared to the digital profile projector. In addition, statistical results show that, the proposed measurement using flatbed scanner is com-parable to the high-end metrological measurement system (InfiniteFocus).
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 41 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 080-069 Title: Hot Embossing of Micro Grating and Its Replication Accuracy. First Author: Muhammad Syahrir Ahmad Co-Author: Ahmad Rosli bin Abdul Manaf ([email protected]) Faculty of Manufacturing & Mechatronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600, Pekan, Pahang Hot Embossing (HE) process was applied in the fabrication of micro grating. High-density polyethene (HDPE) was used as specimen materials work for producing microstructures components and parts. In this research, a series of experiments were conducted using an HDPE specimen and embossed the polymer under different parameters such as temperature, embossing time, and embossing force as factors. The experimental setup was based on a response surface method (RSM) that employed a face composite design. The constructed RSM quadratic models assisted in analyzing the response parameters, namely accuracy and surface roughness, to determine the relevant linkages between the input variables and the replies. The results depicted that hot embossing temperature and hot embossing force will enhance the accuracy and surface quality of the micro grating. Based on RSM, the results revealed that the optimal parameters were as follows: hot embossing temperature is 165 0c, embossing force is 10,6kN/s, and embossing holding time is 200 seconds. Under this condition, the percentage of accuracy and surface roughness is 93.51 and 93.64 % respectively. Hence, it is highly agreed with the model prediction value. In conclusion, the in-house hot embossing system that was developed can produce the HDPE micro grating substrate with acceptable accuracy and surface finish.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 42 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 082-074 Title: Innovative high-speed machining of aerospace alloys with cutting-edge thermal distortion control: A review First Author: Muhammad Irfan Khairil Asli Faculty of Manufacturing & Mechatronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600, Pekan, Pahang Innovative high-speed machining techniques with cutting-edge thermal distortion control have become essential in the aerospace industry to achieve high-precision machining of aerospace alloys. Aerospace alloys have high strength, low thermal conductivity, and high chemical reactivity, which make them difficult to machine. Thermal distortion during machining can result in poor surface finish, dimensional inaccuracies, and reduced component life, making thermal distortion control crucial in achieving high-precision aerospace components. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the types of aerospace alloys, their machinability, causes of thermal distortion, effects of thermal distortion on the machining process and quality, and cutting-edge thermal distortion control techniques. The review also presents case studies and examples of the application of innovative high-speed machining techniques with thermal distortion control in the aerospace industry. The cutting-edge thermal distortion control techniques discussed in this re-view include active, passive, and hybrid thermal control techniques. Active techniques involve the use of cooling systems, while passive techniques include design modifications of the workpiece or tool. Hybrid techniques combine both active and passive techniques. The article concludes with future research directions and recommendations, including the development of advanced cooling systems, integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, advancements in cutting tool technology, the use of additive manufacturing techniques, and the optimization of machining parameters. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the application of innovative high-speed machining techniques with cutting-edge thermal distortion control in the aerospace industry, with significant implications for improving the quality and efficiency of the aerospace manufacturing process.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 43 4.Instrumentation & Control System
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 44 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 016-007 Title: Enhanced Control of Inverted Pendulum System. First Author: Salihu Abdulmumini Jalo Co-Author: Mohammed Ahmed ([email protected]); Garba Elhassan ([email protected]) State Polytechnic Yola The presentation is on studies of application of combined constant rate reaching law and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control law (EPID) for the control of inverted pendulum system. The inverted pendulum system is similar to a typical attitude control of booster rocket undergoing the takeoff process. Recent studies indicated records of higher rates of accidents in aircrafts. The records show that about half results due to malfunctions of aircraft systems and close to one-third from propulsion system malfunctions. Others are higher complexities of modern aircraft systems and in trying to reduce cost of maintenance. Therefore, the need enhanced automation, fault detection, faults isolation, faults tolerance, faults diagnosis and faults correction. Linear control techniques may not yield the desired performances in aircraft systems due to high levels of system nonlinearities. Applications of the intelligent control counterparts may not guarantee the generation of mathematical model for indepth analysis. The major demerit of nonlinear control methods is higher requirement of computational burden making practical implementation difficult. The model of the inverted pendulum system is a linearized analytical model. The system performance of the system was observed with the EPID and PID controllers. Furthermore, the effect of sudden changes such as wind, gust or other related variations on the system was also studied using step disturbance. It was a simulation studies using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Results showed that with the EPID a near zero deviation was achieved. Whereas with PID controller was able to only maintain a deviation of about 40. Results also indicated a near zero disturbance rejection ability with the EPID, while the PID was able to only suppress the disturbance to some extent. It implies a more robust control with the EPID was achieved for aircraft/inverted pendulum control. Hence, it implies enhanced performance and with further improvement it can be used for application in this class of systems as well as similar systems. The work would help to for basic re-searches in aircraft/inverted pendulum control for beginners as well as experienced researchers in the field.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 45 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 040-025 Title: Rising Current Detecting Sensor for Current Pulse On-Time in Electrical Discharge Machining. First Author: Betantya Nugroho Co-Author: Azli Yahya ([email protected]) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a non-conventional machining process with a precise controlled of an electrical discharge through a gap that occur between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a dielectric fluid. Through EDM process, the conductive workpiece materials are melted according to the negative shape or image of the electrode. Controlling the EDM pulses is necessary to make a stable process. The signal processing speeds in rising and falling conditions is parameter of a stable process in EDM. This paper presents a control circuits strategy for rising current detection of Pulse on Time. The results show the time delay when the electric cur-rent rises and the output from the digital isolation is about 1us with Ton 1ms and Toff 1ms. The time delay value is about 2us with Ton 1.5ms and Toff 500us. With this strategy, it is expected that it will be able to increase the reading speed of the sensor in controlling the EDM system.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 46 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 062-060 Title: Development of A Small-Scale Automatic Colour Sorter Prototype Machine. First Author: Azuwir Mohd Nor Co-Author: Muhammad Hazim Amzar Bin Badri ([email protected]); M E Baharudin ([email protected]); Mohd Sazli Saad ([email protected]); Mohd Zakimi Zakaria ([email protected]) Universiti Malaysia Perlis The ability to automatically differentiate and sort coloured objects is critical to any industry because, in the manufacturing sector, manual sorting is tedious and labor-intensive. Reducing the need for manual sorting is one of the major challenges for automation systems, and the development of sorting machines plays a major role in solving the current sorting problem. The objective of this paper is to develop a small-scale automatic colour sorter machine that can automatically separate objects according to their colour. This colour sorter machine was designed using CATIA V5 software and used Arduino UNO as the micro-controller. As for the colour sensing and identification task, the TCS 34725 col-our sensor is used. The colour detection calibration method was used to obtain the RGB value of the object. RGB value obtained was used for experimental validation process. The result was verified based on the colour sorting machines performance. The performance of the sorting machine built was presented and discussed. The result shows that the machine is between 96.6% to 99.0% accurate.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 47 5.Mechatronics & Robotics
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 48 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 011-011 Title: Throttle-by-wire Control of Output Voltage Using Hall Sensor Throttle with PWM Output. First Author: M.N. Mamat Co-Author: M.N. Abdullah ([email protected]); S. Kaharuddin ([email protected]); D. Ishak ([email protected]) Universiti Sains Malaysia There are numerous techniques to regulate the output voltage in a drive-by-wire system and one of the popular methods is using throttle-by-wire technology. A simple throttle-by-wire can be implemented using Hall sensor throttle and pulse width modulation to drive the converter circuit and it is very robust to regulate the output voltage. This approach is affordable and quick since it doesn’t require a microcontroller to process the Hall voltage that the magnet orientation generates. This study examines the 48ehavior of the boost converter circuit’s output voltage when a direct pulse from a Hall sensor throttle is applied. The system is powered by a constant 12V DC input, and depending on the throttle position, the output is anticipated to range from 12V to 120V. The findings demonstrate that the suggested system is well controlled because it can produce the maximum output rating at 120V, 1A with very little ripple less than 0.5%. Varying levels of duty cycle fed to the boost converter produce different levels of output voltage, proving the desired output control was effective. The system is given duty cycle variations ranging from 0.2 to 0.9, adjusting the output voltage from 31V to 120V.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 49 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 036-021 Title: Analysis of Deep Learning Performance for Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Classification. First Author: Tan Yan Fang Co-Author: Haniza Yazid ([email protected]); Khairul Salleh Basaruddin ([email protected]); Shafriza Nisha Basah ([email protected]) Universiti Malaysia Perlis Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common diabetic complication that affects the retina of the eye. The severity of DR is determined by the number and type of lesions, such as microaneurysms, haemorrhages, and exudates that appear on the surface of the retina. However, DR is hard to be detected in the initial stages and may vary from expert to expert. This may lead to a serious side effect in giving the patient a suitable treatment, which can cause a significant impact commonly among high-risk patients. Thus, the demand for advanced DR diagnosis and treatment has drawn the attention of researchers. The main contribution of this work is to develop an automated grading system using deep learning architecture in the urge to help experts in identifying the severity level of DR. The process that has been addressed in this work begins with the preprocessing step, followed by the segmentation of features using local entropy thresholding. In the classification stage, three different deep learning classifier architectures, namely CNN, ResNet152v2, and Inception-v3 convolution neural networks were used to differentiate the category between the normal, mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), moderate NPDR, and severe NPDR. Overall, the classification performance results show that the ResNet152v2 model is a better classifier than the other two models with a testing accuracy of 90%, 93%, 97%, and 93% for normal, mild NPDR, moderate NPDR, and severe NPDR, respectively.
SIMM2023 Toward Empowering Technological Transformation 50 Paper ID: SIMM2023: 037-023 Title: Sensor Array Chamber Design and Flow Simulation for Improved Gas Sensing Performance. First Author: Abdulnasser Nabil Abdullah Mechatronic Engineering In many applications in which multiple sensors are implemented to detect different gas volatiles, the design of the sensor array chamber is crucial. For example, the main atmospheric gas hazards are oxygen, methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulphide in confined spaces, the effective gas flow through the gas chamber housing the sensor array is crucial to be successful. At the moment, many works on such are not focused on the gas chamber design itself, such as the arrangement and the types of the sensors. The focus of this research is on the structure's geometry, material selection, type of flow and sensor location. These parameters will determine the performance of the gas sensor array. The performance of complete experimental systems, including the testing chamber and the influence of the gas sensor array response effect such as ambient temperature and humidity must be improved. The research of various size and shape configurations of gas testing chambers is also included in this paper. Solid Work soft-ware's 3D-CFD flow express simulation was used to analyse for the best sample flow within the sensor chamber with the main atmospheric gas flow. Simulated versions of two different types of chambers series and parallel were evaluated to determine the ideal design. The pressure, velocity, and Reynolds (Re) number produced during the simulation used as the basis for the research. The experimental results show that the series arrangement of the sensors result in a lower Re number and hence performs better than parallel arrangement.