The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations VOLUME 4 - Integumentary System Volume 4 ( PDFDrive )

Plate 9-10 Genodermatoses and Syndromes
CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF NEUROFIBROMATOSIS

NEUROFIBROMATOSIS

There are eight distinct clinical forms of neurofibroma- Multiple café-au-lait spots and nodules Verrucous hyperplasia.
tosis. The two most studied and clinically important (fibroma molluscum) are the most Maceration of velvety-soft
forms are type I and type II. Neurofibromatosis type I common manifestations. skin may cause weeping and
(von Recklinghausen disease) and neurofibromatosis infection in crevices overlying
type II are autosomal dominant disorders involving the a plexiform neurofibroma.
skin, the central nervous system, and various other
organ systems. Type II has many overlapping features Localized elephantiasis
that are also seen in patients with type I disease. The of thigh with redundant
genetic bases for type I and type II neurofibromatosis skin folds overlying a
have been determined, and the specific gene for each plexiform neurofibroma.
type has been isolated. The skin findings can be instru-
mental in the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type I. Large plexiform
neurofibroma
Clinical Findings: Type I neurofibromatosis is localized to one
usually diagnosed in early childhood. It has an esti- side of trunk
mated incidence of 1 per 3000 births and occurs world- and thigh
wide. There is no gender or race predilection, and type
I accounts for 85% to 90% of all cases of neurofibro- Dense axillary and inguinal freckling
matosis. There is wide clinical variability in neurofibro- is rarely found in the absence of NF1.
matosis. Diagnostic criteria have been established by Lisch nodules are hamartomas of the iris.
the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Two or more of They are raised and frequently pigmented.
the following seven criteria are needed for diagnosis:
(1) six or more café-au-lait macules (≥5╯mm in size in disturbance and proptosis. The best method to detect neurofibromatosis is the formation of bilateral acoustic
prepuberty patients; >1.5╯cm in postpuberty patients); an optic glioma is with brain magnetic resonance neuromas (vestibular schwannomas). These tumors can
(2) one plexiform neurofibroma or two or more neuro- imaging (MRI). Other ophthalmological findings that lead to headaches, vertigo, and various degrees of
fibromas; (3) axillary or inguinal freckling; (4) optic may be present include hypertelorism and congenital hearing loss. Schwannomas may occur in any cranial
glioma; (5) two or more Lisch nodules of the iris; (6) glaucoma. nerve. The criteria used to establish the diagnosis are
sphenoid dysplasia or other distinctive bone abnormal- (1) the presence of bilateral schwannomas; (2) the com-
ity, such as pseudarthrosis of a long bone; or (7) a first- Type II neurofibromatosis has a completely different bination of a first-degree relative with type II neurofi-
degree relative with neurofibromatosis. phenotype than type I disease, with some overlap. bromatosis and a unilateral vestibular schwannoma; or
Onset of disease is often not until the second or third (3) a first-degree relative with type II neurofibromatosis
The cutaneous findings, and in particular the café- decade of life. The main aspect of type II
au-lait macules, are often the presenting sign of the
disease. Solitary café-au-lait macules are seen in a large
percentage of the normal population, and the diagnos-
tic criteria for neurofibromatosis require the presence
of at least six such lesions. Spinal dysraphism may be
present if the skin overlying the spine is involved with
a café-au-lait macule. The onset of axillary and inguinal
freckling is often during puberty. Axillary freckling is
also known as Crowe’s sign. Cutaneous neurofibromas
are the most common benign tumor found in patients
with neurofibromatosis. The tumors tend to be plenti-
ful and to increase in number and size with time. They
are soft and often exhibit the “buttonhole” sign when
compressed. These tumors may have an overlying pink
to light violet coloration. Plexiform neurofibromas are
large dermal and subcutaneous tumors specific to type
I neurofibromatosis. They can cause compression of
underlying structures and wrap themselves around
nerves. Compared with the typical neurofibroma, they
are firm and larger and have an ill-defined border. Both
forms of neurofibromas can produce varying amounts
of pruritus. Patients with plexiform neurofibromas have
hypertrichosis with and without hyperpigmentation.
The presence of multiple neurofibromas can cause psy-
chological disease.

Lisch nodules are hamartomas of the iris. They are
observed under slit-lamp examination and can be seen
by approximately 6 years of age. Optic gliomas are
seen in about 1 of every 8 patients with neurofibroma-
tosis. Optic gliomas may be asymptomatic, or they
may cause compression of the pituitary gland, resulting
in precocious puberty. Gliomas can also cause visual

THE NETTER COLLECTION OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATIONS 237

Plate 9-11 Integumentary System
CUTANEOUS AND SKELETAL MANIFESTATIONS OF NEUROFIBROMATOSIS

NEUROFIBROMATOSIS
(Continued)

and any two of the following tumors: neurofibroma, Neurofibromatosis. One Girl with typical café-au-lait
glioma, schwannoma, meningioma, or juvenile poste- of von Recklinghausen’s original spots but only a few skin nodules.
rior subcapsular lenticular opacity. patients, who had extensive sub- Relatively mild neurofibromatous
cutaneous nodules but no neurological scoliosis is present.
Cutaneous findings in type II neurofibromatosis symptoms. Such wide-spread skin
include neurofibromas and café-au-lait macules. involvement is uncommon.
Although both findings are less numerous than in type
I neurofibromatosis, most patients have only one or two Spinal deformities in neuro- Severe scoliosis. Radiograph
café-au-lait macules. Cutaneous schwannomas are fibromatosis. Boy with kypho- shows typical sharp angu-
common in type II disease but are not seen in type I scoliosis. Foreshortening of lation unresponsive to
disease. A unique form of cataracts can be seen in Young woman with bilateral facial trunk secondary to kyphosis corrective measures, often
neurofibromatosis type II; these are termed juvenile palsy. Note drooping of cheeks due gives appearance of longer seen in neurofibromatosis.
posterior subcapsular lenticular cataracts. to compression of both facial (VII) upper limbs.
nerves by acoustic neuromas, which Dumbbell tumor
Histology: Skin biopsies of café-au-lait macules show also caused hearing loss. Proptosis Of spinal nerve root
epidermal hyperpigmentation. There is no increase resulted from bilateral optic (II)
in the number of melanocytes, and no nevus cells nerve tumors. Subcutaneous nodules
are present. Macromelanosomes can be seen. NeuroÂ

Plate 9-12 Genodermatoses and Syndromes

TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS

Tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville’s syndrome) is a multi- Tuber of cerebral cortex. Consisting of many astrocytes, Multiple small tumors. Caudate nucleus
system disease that often manifests with cutaneous find- scanty nerve cells, some abnormal sites and thalamus projecting into ventricles
ings. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner
and is directly caused by a defect in one of two genes, Adenoma sebaceum. Over both cheeks and bridge of nose CT scan. Showing one of many
TSC1 or TSC2, usually due to a spontaneous mutation. calcified lesions in periventricular area
TSC1 has been shown to encode the hamartin protein,
whereas TSC2 gene encodes the tuberin protein. The Multiple small
skin, central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular, tumors in kidney
respiratory, visual, and musculoskeletal systems are
affected. This genodermatosis has an extremely variable Tuber of ocular fundus
phenotype. At one extreme is the severely disabled and
mentally delayed individual with severe seizure disor- Rhabdomyomas Depigmented skin area
ders; at the other end of the spectrum is the individual of heart muscle
with mild skin disease and unappreciable CNS disease.
signaling pathway. When these proteins are mutated, to evaluate for the possibility of retinal astrocytic
Clinical Findings: The incidence of tuberous sclero- the inhibition is removed, and the mTOR pathway is hamartomas (phakomas). Facial angiofibromas can
sis is approximately 1 in 15,000, and the disease affects allowed to signal uncontrolled. This leads to unregu- be surgically removed by many means. Laser vaporiza-
all races and genders equally. Infants and young chil- lated cell division and the production of various tumors. tion and more traditional surgical methods have been
dren may present with primary CNS disease with the used to remove or lessen the appearance of these
onset of seizures. All children with new-onset seizures Treatment: Therapy needs to be individualized for tumors. No therapy is required for the hypopigmented
should be evaluated for the cutaneous findings of tuber- each patient. Those with seizure disorders and CNS macules or the connective tissue nevi. All patients
ous sclerosis; if these are located, the child should be tumors require the expertise of a neurologist or should be monitored routinely by their pediatrician for
further evaluated for the possibility of this diagnosis. neurosurgeon or both. Antiseizure medications are fre- evaluation of developmental milestones and physical
Mental delay may be noticeable, because the child may quently required for prolonged periods. Routine oph- examinations.
not meet normal developmental milestones. Other thalmological examinations should be recommended
brain anomalies have been reported to occur in tuber-
ous sclerosis, including astrocytomas, hydrocephalus,
cortical tubers, and subependymal tumors. Cardiac
rhabdomyomas may manifest with a murmur and are
best evaluated with the use of an echocardiogram. The
lungs are rarely involved with lymphangiomyomatosis.

Cutaneous findings are often the earliest findings
of the disease, even before the onset of CNS disease.
The “ash leaf” macule is the first cutaneous findÂ

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248 THE NETTER COLLECTION OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATIONS

INDEX

A Autoimmune blistering diseases (continued) Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid, 153. See also
A vitamin deficiencies, 220. See also Vitamins. pemphigoid Pemphigoid.
Acanthosis nigricans, 72 benign mucous membrane, 153
Achillobursitis, 138 Brunsting-Perry, 153 Beriberi, 210-211
Acne, 73-74 bullous, 152 Beta (β)-carotene-to-vitamin A conversions, 220
mucus membrane, 153 Bites, bug, 83-84
inversa, 108 ocular cicatricial, 153 Bitot’s spots, 220
keloidalis nuchae, 75 pemphigus Blackfly bites, 84
Acrochordon, 14 foliaceus, 158 Blastomycosis, 163. See also Mycoses.
Acrogeria, 93 paraneoplastic, 157 Blindness, night, 220
Actinomycosis, 162. See also Mycoses. vulgaris, 159 Blistering diseases, autoimmune, 149-159
Acute conditions
adrenal insufficiency, 180-181 Autoinflammatory syndromes, 81-82 basement membrane zone (BMZ) and, 150-151
febrile neutrophilic dermatoses, 76 B dermatitis herpetiformis, 154
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 105 B vitamin deficiencies. See also Vitamins. dermatosis, linear immunoglobulin A (IgA), 156
paronychia, 200-201 desmosome and, 150-151
Addison’s disease, 227 B1, 210-211 epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, 155
Adenocarcinomas, 157. See also Carcinoma. B3, 214-215 paraneoplastic pemphigus, 157
Adenoma sebaceum, 239 Babesiosis, 84 pemphigoid
Adnexal carcinomas, 52. See also Carcinoma. Bacterial meningitis, 181
Adrenal insufficiency, acute, 180-181 Baldness benign mucous membrane, 153
Adrenocortical alopecia. See Alopecia. Brunsting-Perry, 153
disease, primary pigmented nodular, 229 male pattern, 199 bullous, 152
insufficiency, primary, 227 Bamboo hair, 203 mucus membrane, 153
African trypanosomiasis, 84 Basal cell ocular cicatricial, 153
Agranulocytosis, 126 carcinomas, 54-55 pemphigus foliaceus, 158
Alkaptonuria, 124-125 nevus syndrome (BCNS), 229 pemphigus vulgaris, 159
Allergic contact dermatitis, 77-78. See also Dermatitis. Basement membrane zone (BMZ), 150-151 Blood dyscrasias, oral manifestations of, 126
Alopecia BCNS. See Basal cell nevus syndrome. BMZ. See Basement membrane zone (BMZ).
androgenic, 199 Beau’s lines, 202 Bourneville’s syndrome, 239
areata, 198 Becker’s nevi, 15. See also Nevi. Bowenoid papulosis, 57
vs. male pattern baldness, 199 Benign growths, 13-50 Bowen’s disease, 56
totalis, 198 acrochordon, 14 Broomstick hair, 203
Amyloid deposition, 228 cysts Brunsting-Perry pemphigoid, 153. See also Pemphigoid.
Amyloidosis, 228 Brushfield spots, 234
Anagen effluvium, 206. See also Effluvium. epidermal inclusion, 22 Bug bites, 83-84
Anaplasmoses, 84 ganglion, 26 Bullous pemphigoid, 152. See also Pemphigoid.
Anatomy, physiology, and embryology, 1-11 median raphe, 34 Bursitis, 138
anatomy, normal, 3 pilar, 45 C
embryology, 2 trichilemmal, 45 C vitamin deficiencies, 218-219. See also Vitamins.
flora, normal, 6 dermatofibroma, 16 Calcific uremic arteriolopathy, 85
histology, normal, 4 ephelide, 20-21 Candidiasis, oral, 144-145
morphology, 10-11 fibrofolliculoma, 24 Carcinoid syndrome, 214-215
photobiology, 8 glomangioma, 27 Carcinoma
physiology, keratinization processes, 5 glomus tumor, 27 adenocarcinomas, 157
vitamin D metabolism, 7 hamartomas, smooth muscle, 15 adnexal, 52
wound healing processes, 9 hemangiomas, sclerosing, 16 basal cell, 54-55
Anderson-Fabry disease, 101 hidradenoma papilliferum, 28 Merkel cell, 65
Androgenic alopecia, 199. See also Alopecia. hidrocystoma, 29 nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, 229
Anemia, pernicious, 126 keratoses sebaceous, 68
Angiosarcomas, 53. See also Sarcomas. lichenoid, 32 squamous cell (SCCs), 56-57, 69-70, 157
Annular porokeratoses, 46 Carney complex, 230
telangiectatic pigmented purpura, 128 seborrheic, 49 Casal’s necklace, 214-215
urticaria, 147. See also Urticaria. leiomyoma, 31 Celiac sprue, dermatitis herpetiformis and, 154
Annulare, granuloma, 106 lentigines, 20-21 Cellulitis, 187
Antagonists, vitamin K, 221-222. See also Vitamins. lipomas, 33 Cervicofacial actinomycosis, 162
Aphthous ulcers, 144-145 vs. malignant, 51-70. See also Malignant growths. Chagas disease, 84
Arteriolopathy, calcific uremic, 85 milia, 38 Chancroid, 164. See also Sexually-transmitted diseases
Arthritis neurofibroma, 39 (STDs).
psoriatic, 200 neuroma, palisaded encapsulated (PENs), 44 Chickenpox, 191
reactive, 138 nevi Cholinergic urticaria, 147. See also Urticaria.
Arthrochalasis-type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 235 Becker’s, 15 Chronic conditions
Arthropathies, crystal-induced, 103-104 congenital, 15, 36, 37 chronic infantile neurological cutaneous and articular
Ascorbic acid deficiencies, 218-219 epidermal, 23 syndrome (CINCA), 81-82
Athlete’s foot, 168-170 lipomatous superficialis, 40 graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 105
Atopic dermatitis, 79-80. See also Dermatitis. melanocytic, 35-37 primary adrenocortical insufficiency, 227
Atrophoderma vermiculata, 110 Ota vs. Ito, 41 renal failure, 93
Aureus, lichen, 128. See also Lichen. sebaceus, 42 Cicatricial pemphigoid, ocular, 153. See also
Autoimmune blistering diseases, 149-159 Spitz, 50 Pemphigoid.
basement membrane zone (BMZ) and, 150-151 fibrous papules, 25 CINCA. See Chronic conditions.
dermatitis herpetiformis, 154 osteoma cutis, 43 Classic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 235
dermatosis, linear immunoglobulin A (IgA), 156 reticulohistiocytoma, 48 Clinodactyly, 234
desmosome and, 150-151 scars, hypertrophic vs. keloid, 30 Club hair, 206
epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, 155 spiradenoma, eccrine, 18 Clubbing, 202
hemidesmosome and, 150-151 syringoma, eccrine, 19 Coccidioidomycosis, 165. See also Mycoses.

THE NETTER COLLECTION OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATIONS 249

Index Integumentary System

Cold autoinflammatory syndrome, familial (FCAS), Dermatophytoses (continued) FCAS. See Familial conditions.
81-82 onychomycosis, 169-170 Febrile neutrophilic dermatoses, 76. See also
tinea
Collagen, types of, 155 barbae, 168 Dermatoses.
Condylomata acuminata, 176-177 capitis, 169-170 Felons, 201
Congenital syphilis, 190 corporis, 168 Fibrofolliculoma, 24
Conjunctivitis, 138 cruris, 168-169 Fibroma
Contact dermatitis. See also Dermatitis. faciei, 168
manuum, 169 basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) and, 229
allergic, 77-78 pedis, 168-169 dermatofibroma, 16
irritant, 109 unguium, 169-170 Fibrous papule, 25
Copper metabolism defects, 223 Fingernails. See Nail and hair diseases.
Cork-screw hair, 203 Dermatoses Fixed drug eruptions, 102
Crab lice, 176-177 acute febrile neutrophilic, 76 Flea bites, 84
Cradle cap, 143 linear immunoglobulin A (IgA), 156 Flora, normal, 6
Creeping eruption disease, 167 FMF. See Familial conditions.
Crohn’s disease, skin manifestations of, 144-145 Dermatosparaxis-type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 235 Foliaceus, pemphigus, 158. See also Pemphigus.
Cryopyrinopathies, 81-82 Desmosome, 150-151 Follicle apparatus, normal, 204
Cryptococcosis, 166 Dew drops on a rose petal, 191 Follicular-based papules, hyperkeratotic, 220
Crystal-induced arthropathies, 103-104 DFSP. See Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans Folliculitis, 186
Cushing’s Folliculitis ulerythematosa reticulata, 110
disease, 231-233 (DFSP). Folliculoma, 24
syndrome, 229, 231-233 DIC. See Disseminated intravascular coagulation Freckles, 20-21
Cutaneous Fungoides, mycosis, 66-67
amyloidosis, 228 (DIC). G
larva migrans, 167 Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 92, Galactosemia, 213
lupus, 86-88 Ganglion cysts, 26. See also Cysts.
metastases, 58 180-181 Genital warts, 176-177. See also Warts.
sporotrichosis, 185 Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratoses (DSAP), Genodermatoses and syndromes, 225-239
Cutis laxa, 89 Addison’s disease, 227
Cystomas, 29 46 amyloidosis, 228
Cysts. See also Benign growths. Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO), Carney complex, 230
epidermal inclusion, 22 chronic primary adrenocortical insufficiency, 227
ganglion, 26 170 Cushing’s disease, 231-233
isthmus-catagen, 45 DLSO. See Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis neurofibromatosis, 237-238
median raphe, 34 primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease
pilar, 45 (DLSO).
trichilemmal, 45 Down syndrome, 93, 234 (PPNAD), 229
D Drug eruptions, fixed, 102 syndromes
Deer tick bites, 84 Dry beriberi, 210-211
Deficiencies, vitamin. See also Vitamins. DSAP. See Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratoses autoinflammatory, 81-82
A, 220 basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), 229
B1, 210-211 (DSAP). Bourneville’s, 239
B3, 214-215 Dyscrasias, blood, 126 carcinoid, 214-215
C, 218-219 E chronic infantile neurological cutaneous and
K, 221-222 EAC. See Erythema.
Degeneration, hepatolenticular, 223 Eccrine articular (CINCA), 81-82
Dengue, 84 Cushing’s, 229, 231-233
Deposition, amyloid, 228 spiradenomas, 18 Down, 234
Dermatitis. See also Rashes. syringomas, 19 Ehlers-Danlos, 93, 235
atopic, 79-80 Eczematous pigmented purpura, 128 Gorlin, 229
contact Effluvium hyperimmunoglobulin D (hyper-D) syndrome
anagen, 206
allergic, 77-78 telogen, 206 (HIDS), 81-82
irritant, 109 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 93, 235 lentigines-atrial myxomas-mucocutaneous myxomas-
herpetiformis, 154 Elastosis perforans serpiginosa, 93
photoirritant, 127 Elephantiasis, localized, 237 blue nevi (LAMB), 230
phototoxic, 127 Embryology, 2. See also Anatomy, physiology, and Marfan, 236
phytophotodermatitis, 127 Muckle-Wells, 81-82
radiation, 137 embryology. Netherton, 203
seborrheic, 143 En coup de sabre, 119 nevi-atrial myxomas-myxoid neurofibromas-
stasis, 146 Encapsulated neuromas, palisaded, 44
Dermatofibroma, 16 Encephalitis, 84, 173 ephelides (NAME), 230
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), 16 Ephelides, 20-21 Parry-Romberg, 119
Dermatological illustrations Epidermal purple toe, 221-222
anatomy, physiology, and embryology, 1-11 Reiter’s, 138
autoimmune blistering diseases, 149-159 inclusion cysts, 22. See also Cysts. roasted skin, 96
genodermatoses and syndromes, 225-239 necrolysis, toxic, 98-99 Rothmund-Thompson, 93
growths nevi, 23. See also Nevi. Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), 98-99
benign, 13-50 Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, 155 Sweet’s, 76, 144-145
malignant, 51-70 Eruptive xanthomas, 94-95 toasted skin, 96
hair and nail diseases, 197-207 Erythema toxic shock syndrome (TSS), 186-187
infectious diseases, 162-195 ab igne, 96 tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated
metabolic and nutritional diseases, 209-223 annulare centrifugum (EAC), 97
rashes, 71-148 erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, 139 periodic syndrome (TRAPS), 81-82
Dermatomyositis, 90-91 multiforme, 98-99 Waterhouse-Friderichsen, 180-181
Dermatophytoses, 168-170 nodosum, 100 Wernicke’s, 210-211
distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO), Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, 139 yellow nail, 202
170 Erythroderma, pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) and, tuberous sclerosis, 239
kerions, 169 Glomangioma, 27
Majocchi’s granuloma, 169 130 Glomus tumor, 27
Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli, 110 Glove-and-stocking lesions, 214-215
250 Erythroplasia of Queyrat, 69-70 Gorlin syndrome, 229
Extramammary Paget’s disease, 60 Gout, 103-104
F Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 105
Fabry disease, 101 acute, 105
Familial conditions chronic, 105

cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), 81-82
Mediterranean fever (FMF), 81-82

THE NETTER COLLECTION OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATIONS

Index Integumentary System

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (continued) Hair and nail diseases (continued) Inclusion cyst, epidermal, 22. See also Cysts.
sclerodermatous, 105 shaft abnormalities, 203 Infantile dermatitis herpetiformis, 154
severe acute, 105 telogen effluvium, 206 Infectious diseases, 162-195
trichotillomania, 207
Granulomas cryptococcosis, 166
annulare, 106 nails cutaneous larva migrans, 167
Majocchi’s, 169 Beau’s lines, 202 dermatophytoses, 168-170
xanthogranulomas, necrobiotic, 122 common disorders of, 200-202
felon, 201 distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO),
Graves’ disease, 107 hematoma, subungual, 200 170
Growths Mees’ lines, 200
melanomas, nail matrix, 200 kerion, 169
benign, 13-50 nail unit, normal, 205 Majocchi’s granuloma, 169
acrochordon, 14 onychocryptosis, 200-201 onychomycosis, 169-170
cysts, epidermal inclusion, 22 paronychia, acute, 200-201 tinea barbae, 168
cysts, ganglion, 26 psoriasis and, 202 tinea capitis, 169-170
cysts, median raphe, 34 psoriatic arthritis and, 200 tinea corporis, 168
cysts, pilar, 45 tinea cruris, 168-169
cysts, trichilemmal, 45 Half-and-half nails, 202 tinea faciei, 168
dermatofibroma, 16 Hamartoma, smooth muscle, 15 tinea manuum, 169
ephelide, 20-21 Hamilton-Norwood scale, 199 tinea pedis, 168-169
fibrofolliculoma, 24 Hans-Schuller-Christian disease, 111-112 tinea unguium, 169-170
glomangioma, 27 Hansen’s disease, 175 herpes zoster, 191-193
glomus tumor, 27 Healing, wound, 9 histoplasmosis, 174
granuloma, pyogenic, 47 Hemangioma, sclerosing, 16 leprosy, 175
hamartoma, smooth muscle, 15 Hematoma, subungual, 200 lice, 176-177
hemangioma, sclerosing, 16 Hemidesmosome, 150-151 Lyme disease, 178
hidradenoma papilliferum, 28 Hemochromatosis, 212 meningococcemia, 180-181
hidrocystoma, 29 Hepatolenticular degeneration, 223 molluscum contagiosum, 182
keratoses, lichenoid, 32 Herpes simplex virus (HSV), 171-173 mycoses
keratoses, seborrheic, 49 Herpes zoster, 191-193 actinomycosis, 162
leiomyoma, 31 Hidradenitis blastomycosis, 163
lentigines, 20-21 coccidioidomycosis, 165
lipoma, 33 idiopathic recurrent plantar, 123 distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO),
milia, 38 suppurativa, 108
neurofibroma, 39 Hidradenitis, plantar, 123 170
neuroma, palisaded encapsulated (PENs), 44 Hidradenoma papilliferum, 28 onychomycosis, 169-170
nevi, Becker’s, 15 Hidrocystoma, 29 paracoccidioidomycoses, 183
nevi, epidermal, 23 HIDS. See Hyperimmunoglobulin D (hyper-D) scabies, 184
nevi, lipomatous superficialis, 40 sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs)
nevi, melanocytic, 35-37 syndrome (HIDS). chancroid, 164
nevi, Ota vs. Ito, 41 Histiocytoma, 48 herpes simplex virus (HSV), 171-173
nevi, sebaceus, 42 Histiocytosis, Langerhans cell (LCH), 111-112 human papillomavirus (HPV), 176-177
nevi, Spitz, 50 Histology, normal, 4 lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), 179
osteoma cutis, 43 Histoplasmosis, 174 syphilis, 188-190
papule, fibrous, 25 HIV. See Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). syphilis, secondary, 129
porokeratoses, 46 HPV. See Human papillomavirus (HPV). sporotrichosis, 185
poroma, eccrine, 17 HSV. See Herpes simplex virus (HSV). Staphylococcus aureus infections, 186-187
reticulohistiocytoma, 48 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) varicella, 191
scars, hypertrophic vs. keloid, 30 verrucae, 194-195
spiradenoma, eccrine, 18 chancroid and, 164 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), skin manifestations
syringoma, eccrine, 19 molluscum contagiosum and, 182 of, 144-145
seborrheic dermatitis and, 143 Inflammatory syndromes, 81-82
malignant, 51-70 syphilis and, 188-190 Ingrown nails, 200
Bowen’s disease, 56 Human papillomavirus (HPV), 176-177. See also Insect bites, 83-84
carcinoma, adnexal, 52 Insufficiencies
carcinoma, basal cell, 54-55 Sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs). adrenal, 180-181
carcinoma, Merkel cell, 65 Hutchinson’s sign, 192 adrenocortical, primary, 227
carcinoma, sebaceous, 68 Hyperandrogenism-insulin resistance-acanthosis nigricans vascular, lower extremity, 116
carcinoma, squamous cell (SCC), 56-57, 69-70 Integumentary system illustrations
dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, 59 (HAIR-AN), 72 anatomy, physiology, and embryology, 1-11
erythroplasia of Queyrat, 69-70 Hyperimmunoglobulin D (hyper-D) syndrome (HIDS), autoimmune blistering diseases, 149-159
keratoacanthoma, 62 genodermatoses and syndromes, 225-239
melanoma, 63-64 81-82 growths
metastases, cutaneous, 58 Hyperkeratotic follicular-based papules, 220 benign, 13-50
mycosis fungoides, 66-67 Hypermobility-type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 235 malignant, 51-70
Paget’s disease, mammary vs. extramammary, 60 Hyperplasia, verrucous, 237 hair and nail diseases, 197-207
papulosis, bowenoid, 57 Hypertrophic scars, 30 infectious diseases, 162-195
sarcomas, angiosarcomas, 53 Hypothyroidism, myxedema and, 120 metabolic and nutritional diseases, 209-223
sarcomas, Kaposi’s, 61 I rashes, 71-148
IBD. See Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), skin Invaginata, trichorrhexis, 203
GVHD. See Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Inverse psoriasis, 135
H manifestations of. Iritis, 144-145
HAIR-AN. See Hyperandrogenism-insulin resistance- Idiopathic recurrent plantar hidradenitis, 123 Iron overload, 212
IgA. See Immunoglobulin A (IgA) dermatosis, linear. Irritant contact dermatitis, 109. See also
acanthosis nigricans (HAIR-AN). Illustrations (integumentary system) Dermatitis.
Hair and nail diseases, 197-207 Islands of sparing, 130
anatomy, physiology, and embryology, 1-11 Isthmus-catagen cysts, 45. See also Cysts.
hair autoimmune blistering diseases, 149-159 Ito nevi, 41. See also Nevi.
alopecia, androgenic, 199 genodermatoses and syndromes, 225-239 J
alopecia areata, 198 growths Jock itch, 168-169
effluvium, anagen, 206 Juvenile benign melanoma, 50
effluvium, telogen, 206 benign, 13-50
follicle apparatus, normal, 204 malignant, 51-70
male pattern baldness, 199 hair and nail diseases, 197-207
infectious diseases, 162-195
THE NETTER COLLECTION OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATIONS metabolic and nutritional diseases, 209-223
rashes, 71-148
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) dermatosis, linear, 156

251

Index Integumentary System

K Malignant growths (continued) Mucus membrane pemphigoid, 153. See also
K vitamin deficiencies, 221-222. See also carcinomas Pemphigoid.
adnexal, 52
Vitamins. basal cell, 54-55 Mycoses
Kaposi’s sarcoma, 61. See also Sarcomas. Merkel cell, 65 actinomycosis, 162
Keloid scars, 30 sebaceous, 68 blastomycosis, 163
Keratoacanthomas, 62 squamous cell (SCCs), 56-57, 69-70 coccidioidomycosis, 165
Keratoderma, 138 dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, 59 distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO),
Keratoses erythroplasia of Queyrat, 69-70 170
keratoacanthomas, 62 onychomycosis, 169-170
follicularis spinulosa decalvans, 110 melanomas, 63-64 paracoccidioidomycoses, 183
lichenoid, 32 metastases, cutaneous, 58
pilaris mycosis fungoides, 66-67 Mycosis fungoides, 66-67
Paget’s disease, mammary vs. extramammary, Myrmecia, 194-195
atrophicans faciei, 110 60 Myxedema, 120
rubra, 110 papulosis, bowenoid, 57 Myxedema, pretibial, 107
porokeratoses, 46 sarcomas N
seborrheic, 49 angiosarcoma, 53 Nail and hair diseases, 197-207
Kerions, 169 Kaposi’s, 61
Keratinization processes, 5 hair
Kyphoscoliosis Mammary Paget’s disease, 60 alopecia, androgenic, 199
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and, 235 Marfan syndrome, 93, 236 alopecia areata, 198
neurofibromatosis and, 237-238 Mast cell anagen effluvium, 206
L follicle apparatus, normal, 204
LAMB syndrome. See Lentigines-atrial myxomas- disease, 117-118 male pattern baldness, 199
mucocutaneous myxomas-blue nevi (LAMB) leukemia vs. sarcoma, 117 shaft abnormalities, 203
syndrome. Mastocytomas, noncutaneous, 117 telogen effluvium, 206
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), 111-112 Median raphe cyst, 34, 34f. See also Cysts. trichotillomania, 207
Larva migrans, cutaneous, 167 Medical illustrations (integumentary system)
LCH. See Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). anatomy, physiology, and embryology, 1-11 nails
Leiomyomas, 31 autoimmune blistering diseases, 149-159 Beau’s lines, 202
Leishmaniasis, 84 genodermatoses and syndromes, 225-239 common disorders of, 200-202
Lentigines-atrial myxomas-mucocutaneous myxomas-blue growths felons, 201
nevi (LAMB) syndrome, 230 hematomas, subungual, 200
Lentigines, 20-21 benign, 13-50 Mees’ lines, 200
Leprosy, 175 malignant, 51-70 melanomas, nail matrix, 200
Leukemias hair and nail diseases, 197-207 nail unit, normal, 205
blood dyscrasias and, 126 infectious diseases, 162-195 onychocryptosis, 200-201
mast cell, 117 metabolic and nutritional diseases, 209-223 paronychia, acute, 200-201
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis, 113 rashes, 71-148 psoriasis and, 202
LGV. See Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). Mediterranean fever, familial (FMF), 81-82 psoriatic arthritis and, 200
Lice, 176-177 Medulloblastoma, 229
Lice bites, 84 Mees’ lines, 200 Nail matrix melanomas, 200. See also Melanomas.
Lichen Melanocytic nevi, 35-37. See also Nevi. Nail unit, normal, 205
amyloidosis, 228 Melanoma, 63-64 NAME syndrome, 230. See also Nevi.
aureus, 128 juvenile benign, 50 Necklace, Casal’s, 214-215
planus, 114 nail matrix, 200 Necrobiosis lipoidica, 121
simplex chronicus, 115 paraneoplastic pemphigus and, 157 Necrolysis, toxic epidermal, 98-99
Lichenoid keratoses, 32. See also Keratoses. Meningitis, bacterial, 181 Necrobiotic xanthogranulomas, 122
Lindsay’s nails, 202 Meningococcemia, 180-181 Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease
Linear immunoglobulin A (IgA) dermatosis, 156 Merkel cell carcinoma, 65. See also Carcinoma.
Lines Metabolic and nutritional diseases, 209-223 (NOMID), 81-82
Beau’s, 202 beriberi, 210-211 Netherton syndrome, 203
Mees’, 200 deficiencies Neurofibromatosis, 237-238
Lipomas, 33 vitamin A, 220 Neuromas, palisaded encapsulated (PENs), 44
Lipomatous superficialis nevi, 40. See also Nevi. vitamin B1, 210-211 Neutrophilic dermatoses
Localized vitamin B3, 214-215
elephantiasis, 237 vitamin C, 218-219 acute febrile, 76
morphea, 119 vitamin K, 221-222 pyoderma gangrenosum, 144-145
Lone star tick bites, 84 galactosemia, 213 Nevi
Louse infections, 176-177 hemochromatosis, 212 Becker’s, 15
Lower extremity vascular insufficiency, 116 hepatolenticular degeneration, 223 epidermal, 23
Lumpy jaw, 162 Niemann-Pick disease, 213 lentigines-atrial myxomas-mucocutaneous myxomas-
Lupus pellagra, 214-215
cutaneous, 86-88 phenylketonuria, 216-217 blue nevi (LAMB) syndrome, 230
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 86-88 phrynoderma, 220 lipomatous superficialis, 40
Lyme disease, 84, 178 scurvy, 218-219 melanocytic, 35-37
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), 179. See also von Gierke disease, 213 nevi-atrial myxomas-myxoid neurofibromas-ephelides
Sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs). Wernicke’s syndrome, 210-211
M Wilson’s disease, 223 (NAME) syndrome, 230
Maculae cerulea, 176-177 Metastases, cutaneous, 58 sebaceus, 42
Macular amyloidosis, 228 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Niacin deficiencies, 214-215
Majocchi’s disease, 128 infections, 186-187 Nicotinic acid deficiencies, 214-215
Majocchi’s granuloma, 169 Milia, 38 Niemann-Pick disease, 213
Malaria, 84 Molluscum contagiosum, 182 Night blindness, 220
Male pattern baldness, 199 Monilethrix, 203 Nodular conditions
Malignant growths, 51-70 Mononeuritis, 131 adrenocortical disease, primary pigmented, 229
vs. benign, 13-50. See also Benign growths. Morphea, 119 amyloidosis, 228
Bowen’s disease, 56 Morphology, 10-11 NOMID. See Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory
Mosquito bites, 84
MRSA. See Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease (NOMID).
(MRSA) infections. Noncutaneous mastocytomas, 117
Muckle-Wells syndrome, 81-82 Nonscarring alopecia, 198
Normal parameters
252
for flora, 6
for follicle apparatus, 204
for histology, 4
for nail unit, 205
THE NETTER COLLECTION OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATIONS

Index Pili Integumentary System
torti, 203
Nutritional and metabolic diseases, 209-223 trianguli et canaliculi, 203 Rashes (continued)
beriberi, 210-211 phytophotodermatitis, 127
deficiencies Pityriasis radiation, 137
vitamin A, 220 rosea, 129 seborrheic, 143
vitamin B1, 210-211 rubra pilaris (PRP), 130 stasis, 146
vitamin B3, 214-215
vitamin C, 218-219 Plague, 84 dermatomyositis, 90-91
vitamin K, 221-222 Plantar dermatoses, acute febrile neutrophilic, 76
galactosemia, 213 disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 92
hemochromatosis, 212 hidradenitis, 123 drug eruptions, fixed, 102
hepatolenticular degeneration, 223 warts, 194-195. See also Warts. elastosis perforans serpiginosa, 93
Niemann-Pick disease, 213 Planus, lichen, 114. See also Lichen. erythema
pellagra, 214-215 Plexiform neurofibromas, 237
phenylketonuria, 216-217 Plucked chicken skin, 133 ab igne, 96
phrynoderma, 220 Polyarteritis nodosa, 131 annulare centrifugum (EAC), 97
scurvy, 218-219 Polycythemia vera, 126 erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, 139
von Gierke disease, 213 Polymorphous eruption of pregnancy (PEP), 132 multiforme, 98-99
Wernicke’s syndrome, 210-211 Porokeratoses, 46. See also Keratoses. nodosum, 100
Wilson’s disease, 223 PPNAD. See Primary conditions. Fabry disease, 101
Pregnancy familial conditions
O polymorphous eruption of pregnancy (PEP), 132 cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), 81-82
Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, 153. See also pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy Mediterranean fever (FMF), 81-82
gout, 103-104
Pemphigoid. (PUPPP), 132 graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 105
Onchocerciasis, 84 Pregnancy, syphilis in, 190 granuloma annulare, 106
Onychocryptosis, 200-201 Pretibial myxedema, 107 Graves’ disease, 107
Onychomycosis, 169-170. See also Mycoses. Primary conditions Hans-Schuller-Christian disease, 111-112
Oral candidiasis, 144-145 hidradenitis
Osteogenesis imperfecta, 93 adrenocortical insufficiency, 227 idiopathic recurrent plantar, 123
Osteoma cutis, 43 pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD), suppurativa, 108
Ota nevi, 41. See also Nevi. hyperandrogenism-insulin resistance-acanthosis
Overload, iron, 212 229 nigricans (HAIR-AN), 72
P Progressive systemic sclerosis, 119, 142 hyperimmunoglobulin D (hyper-D) syndrome (HIDS),
Paget’s disease, 60 PRP. See Pityriasis. 81-82
Palisaded encapsulated neuromas (PENs), 44 Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), skin manifestations
Palmar warts, 176-177 of, 144-145
Palmoplantar eccrine hidradenitis, 123 (PUPPP), 132 inverse psoriasis, 135
Papillomavirus, human (HPV), 176-177 Pseudo-monilethrix, 203 keratosis pilaris, 110
Papules Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, 93, 133 Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), 111-112
Psoriasis, 134-136 lichen
fibrous, 25 aureus, 128
hyperkeratotic follicular-based, 220 inverse, 135 planus, 114
Papulosis, bowenoid, 57 nails and, 202 simplex chronicus, 115
Paracoccidioidomycoses, 183 Psoriatic arthritis, 200. See also Arthritis. mast cell disease, 117-118. See also Mast cell.
Paraneoplastic pemphigus, 157. See also Pemphigus. PUPPP. See Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of morphea, 119
Paronychia Muckle-Wells syndrome, 81-82
acute, 200-201 pregnancy (PUPPP). myxedema, 120
chronic, 200-201 Purple toe syndrome, 221-222 myxedema, pretibial, 107
Parry-Romberg syndrome, 119 Purpura necrobiosis lipoidica, 121
Pattern baldness, male, 199 necrolysis, toxic epidermal, 98-99
Pediculosis pubis, 176-177 annular telangiectatic pigmented, 128 neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease
Pellagra, 214-215 eczematous pigmented, 128 (NOMID), 81-82
Pemphigoid. See also Autoimmune blistering diseases. Pyoderma gangrenosum, 144-145 neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis, 123
benign mucous membrane, 153 Q ochronosis, 124-125
Brunsting-Perry, 153 Queyrat, erythroplasia of, 69-70 palmoplantar eccrine hidradenitis, 123
bullous, 152 R pityriasis rosea, 129
mucus membrane, 153 Radiation dermatitis, 137. See also Dermatitis. pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP), 130
ocular cicatricial, 153 Ram’s horn nail deformities, 202 polyarteritis nodosa, 131
Pemphigus Raphe cysts, median, 34. See also Cysts. polymorphous eruption of pregnancy (PEP), 132
foliaceus, 158 Rashes, 71-148 progressive systemic sclerosis, 142
paraneoplastic, 157 acanthosis nigricans, 72 pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy
vulgaris, 159 acne, 73-74 (PUPPP), 132
PENs. See Palisaded encapsulated neuromas (PENs). pseudoxanthoma elasticum, 133
PEP. See Polymorphous eruption of pregnancy (PEP). inversa, 108 psoriasis, 134-136
Periungual warts, 176-177. See also Warts. keloidalis nuchae, 75 purpura, pigmented, 128
Pernicious anemia, 126 alkaptonuria, 124-125 Reiter’s syndrome, 138
Phenylketonuria, 216-217 Anderson-Fabry disease, 101 rhinophyma, 139
Photobiology, 8 arteriolopathy, calcific uremic, 85 rosacea, 139
Photoirritant dermatitis, 127. See also Dermatitis. arthritis, reactive, 138 sarcoid and sarcoidosis, 140-141
Phototoxic dermatitis, 127. See also Dermatitis. arthropathies, crystal-induced, 103-104 Schamberg’s disease, 128
Phrynoderma, 220 autoinflammatory syndromes, 81-82 scleroderma, 142
Physiology, 5. See also Anatomy, physiology, and bites, bug, 83-84 Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), 98-99
blood dyscrasias, oral manifestations of, 126 Sweet’s syndrome, 76
embryology. calciphylaxis, 85 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 86-88
Phytophotodermatitis, 127. See also Dermatitis. chronic infantile neurological cutaneous and articular tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated
Pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease, syndrome (CINCA), 81-82 periodic syndrome (TRAPS), 81-82
cryopyrinopathies, 81-82 urticaria, 147
primary, 229 cutaneous lupus, 86-88 vascular insufficiency, lower extremity, 116
Pigmented purpura of Gougerot and Blum, 128 cutis laxa, 89 vasculitis, leukocytoclastic, 113
Pigmentosa, urticaria, 117 dermatitis. See also Dermatitis. vitiligo, 148
Pilar cyst, 45. See also Cysts. atopic, 79-80 xanthogranuloma, necrobiotic, 122
THE NETTER COLLECTION OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATIONS contact, allergic, 77-78 xanthomas, eruptive, 94-95
contact, irritant, 109
photoirritant, 127 253
phototoxic, 127

Index Integumentary System

Reactive arthritis, 138. See also Arthritis. Sprengel deformity, 229 Tinea. See also Dermatophytoses.
Recurrent plantar hidradenitis, 123 Sprue, dermatitis herpetiformis and, 154 barbae, 168
Reduviid bug bites, 84 Spun glass hair, 203 capitis, 169-170
Reiter’s syndrome, 138 Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), 56-57, 69-70, 157. See corporis, 168
Renal failure, chronic, 93 cruris, 168-169
Reticulohistiocytomas, 48 also Carcinoma. faciei, 168
Rhinophyma, 139 Staphylococcus aureus infections, 186-187 manuum, 169
Ring warts, 176-177 Stasis dermatitis, 146. See also Dermatitis. pedis, 168-169
Ringworm, 168 STDs. See Sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs). unguium, 169-170
Roasted skin syndrome, 96 Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), 98-99
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 84 Subungual TNF. See Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
Rosacea, 139 receptor-associated periodic syndrome
Rothmund-Thompson syndrome, 93 hematomas, 200 (TRAPS).
S onychomycosis, 170
Sandfly bites, 84 warts, 176-177 Toasted skin syndrome, 96
Sarcoid and sarcoidosis, 140-141 Suppurativa, hidradenitis, 108 Toenails. See Nail and hair diseases.
Sarcomas Sweet’s syndrome, 76, 144-145 Totalis, alopecia, 198. See also Alopecia.
Syndactyly, 229 Toxic epidermal necrolysis, 98-99
angiosarcoma, 53 Syndromes and genodermatoses, 225-239 Toxic shock syndrome (TSS), 186-187
Kaposi’s, 61 Addison’s disease, 227 TRAPS. See Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
mast cell, 117 amyloidosis, 228
Scabies, 184 Carney complex, 230 receptor-associated periodic syndrome
Scars, hypertrophic vs. keloid, 30 chronic primary adrenocortical insufficiency, (TRAPS).
SCCs. See Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Trichilemmal cysts, 45. See also Cysts.
Schamberg’s disease, 128 227 Trichorrhexis
Sclerodactyly, 142 Cushing’s disease, 231-233 invaginata, 203
Scleroderma, 93, 119, 142 neurofibromatosis, 237-238 nodosa, 203
Sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 105 primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease Trichotill, 207
Sclerosing hemangiomas, 16 Trichotillomania, 207
Sclerosis (PPNAD), 229 Trypanosomiasis, African, 84
progressive systemic, 142 sclerosis, tuberous, 186-187, 239 Tryptophan deficiencies, 214-215
tuberous, 239 syndromes Tsetse fly bites, 84
Scoliosis TSS. See Toxic shock syndrome (TSS).
basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) and, 229 autoinflammatory, 81-82 Tuberous sclerosis, 239
neurofibromatosis and, 237-238 basal cell nevus (BCNS), 229 Tularemia, 84
Scurvy, 218-219 Bourneville’s, 239 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated
Sebaceous carcinomas, 68. See also Carcinoma. carcinoid, 214-215 periodic syndrome (TRAPS), 81-82
Sebaceum, adenoma, 239 chronic infantile neurological cutaneous and Tumors, glomus, 27
Sebaceus, nevi, 42. See also Nevi. Twisted hair, 203
Seborrheic articular (CINCA), 81-82 Typhus, 84
dermatitis, 143. See also Dermatitis. Cushing’s, 229, 231-233 U
keratoses, 49. See also Keratoses. Down, 234 Ulcerative colitis, skin manifestations of,
Secondary syphilis, pityriasis rosea and, 129 Ehlers-Danlos, 93, 235 144-145
Serpiginous urticaria, 147. See also Urticaria. Gorlin, 229 Ulcers, aphthous, 144-145
Severe conditions hyperimmunoglobulin D (HIDS), 81-82 Ulerythema ophryogenes, 110
acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 105 lentigines-atrial myxomas-mucocutaneous myxomas- Uremic arteriolopathy, calcific, 85
scoliosis, neurofibromatosis and, 237-238 Urethritis, 138
Sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs) blue nevi (LAMB), 230 Urticaria, 147
chancroid, 164 Marfan, 236 annular, 147
herpes simplex virus (HSV), 171-173 Muckle-Wells syndrome, 81-82 cholinergic, 147
human papillomavirus (HPV), 176-177 Netherton, 203 pigmentosa, 117
lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), 179 nevi-atrial myxomas-myxoid neurofibromas, serpiginous, 147
syphilis, 188-190 solar, 147
syphilis, secondary, 129 ephelides (NAME), 230 V
Shaft abnormalities, hair, 203 Parry-Romberg, 119 Valley fever, 165
Shingles, 191-193 purple toe, 221-222 Varicella, 191
Simplex chronicus, lichen, 115. See also Lichen. Reiter’s, 138 Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), 191-192
SJS. See Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). roasted skin, 96 Vascular insufficiency, lower extremities, 116
Skin illustrations Rothmund-Thompson, 93 Vascular-type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 235
anatomy, physiology, and embryology, 1-11 Stevens-Johnson (SJS), 98-99 Vasculitis
autoimmune blistering diseases, 149-159 Sweet’s, 76, 144-145 leukocytoclastic, 113
genodermatoses and syndromes, 225-239 toasted skin, 96 polyarteritis nodosa and, 131
growths toxic shock (TSS), 186-187 Verrucae, 194-195
tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated Verrucous hyperplasia, 237
benign, 13-50 Vitamins
malignant, 51-70 periodic (TRAPS), 81-82 conversions of, beta (β)-carotene-to-vitamin A,
hair and nail diseases, 197-207 Waterhouse-Friderichsen, 180-181 220
infectious diseases, 162-195 Wernicke’s syndrome, 210-211 deficiencies of
metabolic and nutritional diseases, 209-223 yellow nail, 202 A, 220
rashes, 71-148 Syphilis, 188-190 B1, 210-211
Skin tags, 14 congenital, 190 B3, 214-215
SLE. See Systemic conditions. secondary, pityriasis rosea and, 129 C, 218-219
Smooth muscle hamartomas, 15 Syringomas, eccrine, 19. See also Eccrine. K, 221-222
Solar urticaria, 147. See also Urticaria. Systemic conditions metabolism of, vitamin D, 7
Spiradenomas, eccrine, 18 amyloidosis, 228 Vitiligo, 148
See also Eccrine. lupus erythematosus (SLE), 86-88 von Gierke disease, 213
Sporotrichosis, 185 neoplastic processes, 157 von Recklinghausen disease, 237-238
Spots sclerosis, progressive, 119 Vulgaris, pemphigus, 159. See also Pemphigus.
Bitot’s, 220 T VZV. See Varicella-zoster virus (VZV).
Brushfield, 234 Tags, skin, 14
Telogen effluvium, 206
Terry’s nails, 202
Thiamine deficiency, 210-211
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP),
126
Thymoma, 157
Tick bites, 84

254 THE NETTER COLLECTION OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATIONS

Index Wood tick bites, 84 Integumentary System
W Wound healing processes, 9 Y
X
Warfarin-induced skin necrosis, 221-222 Xanthogranulomas, necrobiotic, 122 Yellow fever, 84
Warts, 194-195 Xanthomas Yellow nail syndrome, 202
Z
genital, 176-177 eruptive, 94-95 Zone, basement membrane (BMZ), 150-151
periungual, 176-177 pseudoxanthoma elasticum, 133 Zoster, herpes, 191-193
plantar, 194-195 Xerophthalmia, 220
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, 180-181
Wernicke’s syndrome, 210-211
West Nile virus, 84
Wet beriberi, 210-211
Wilson’s disease, 223

THE NETTER COLLECTION OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATIONS 255

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