MARTIN L
THE REFO
LUTHER &
ORMATION
POWER OF T
• Christianity was the unify
the Middle Ages.
• After the Catholic-Orthod
Christianity dominated life
• The power of the Pope an
grow through the Middle
THE CHURCH
ying force in Europe during
dox split (1054 AD), Catholic
e in most of Europe.
nd Church continued to
Ages.
“PROBLEMS” WIT
• 1300s – problems with the
– French King kidnaps Pope,
– New Pope was moved to Av
– 1378: Trying to move Pope
named. Then a 3rd. Which
– 1414: Council of Constance
• Simony – buying/selling ch
• Indulgences – buying item
• Lay investiture – Kings/oth
appointed clergy
• Some clergy had children,
• Kings didn’t like church do
TH THE CHURCH
e Papacy (office of Pope)
Pope dies
vignon (France)
back to Italy, another Pope is
Pope to follow?
e ends the split ... only 1 Pope.
hurch positions
ms that bring “forgiveness“
hers (with no church authority)
couldn’t read/write, etc.
onations going only to Rome
ATTEMPTS
• John Wycliffe – English
opposed authority of the
common language; died
• Jan Hus – Czech priest
indulgences; was burne
TO REFORM
philosopher/preacher;
e Pope; wanted Bible in
d, body exhumed, burned
t in early 1400s; opposed
ed at the stake
MARTIN
• 1483-1546
• Born in Germany
• After near-death experie
• Taught and preached in
• Opposed the sale of ind
“buy your way to heave
• Wrote 95 Theses – prob
Church
• This “act” started the Pr
LUTHER
ence, became a monk
n Wittenberg
dulgences as a way to
en”
blems he had with the
rotestant Reformation
LUTHER’
Salvation Luther’s bel
by FAITH al
Authority Bible
Interpretation Individuals i
of the Bible – no need fo
’S IDEAS
liefs Catholic beliefs
lone by faith & good
works
Bible, religious
tradition & Pope
interpret Pope, Priests help
or priest interpret Bible
CHURCH R
• Eventually, the Church s
rebellious monk, but as
• When Pope Leo X dema
his complaints, Martin L
• For this, he was excomm
• The Holy Roman Empe
on trial. In the Edict of W
declared an outlaw and
• Luther was “kidnapped”
prince, to keep him safe
REACTION
saw Luther not as a
a real threat to the Church
anded that he take back
Luther refused
municated
eror, Charles V, put Luther
Worms, Luther was
d a heretic
” and hidden by a German
e
LUTHER
• While in hiding, Martin L
into German
• Returning from hiding, h
followed by many
• Luther decided to form a
Lutheranism
• Germans considered Lu
• German peasants follow
rebelling against serfdo
• Many felt betrayed and
RANISM
Luther translated the Bible
he found his teachings being
a separate religion –
uther a hero
wed this “rebellious” spirit by
om – Luther opposed them
turned against Luther
RELIGIOU
• Many Princes supported
loyal to the Pope
• Those who opposed the
against him and were la
those opposed to the C
• Charles V rallied the pro
the Protestant forces
• After defeating the Prote
not force them to come
• The Peace of Augsburg
choose the religion for t
US WARS
d Luther, while others were
e Pope, signed a protest
abeled “Protestants”, or
Catholic Church
o-Catholic forces against
estants, Charles V could
back to the Church
g (1555) allowed Princes to
their domain