2 LEMBAR PENGESAHAN MODUL BAHASA INGGRIS KELAS XI SEMESTER GENAP DISUSUN OLEH Fadli Rahman, S.Pd NIP. - Disahkan oleh Kepala MAN 1 Bekasi Drs.H. Amal Basyari NIP. 196502211992031003
3 KATA PENGANTAR All praises be to Allah, the most knowledgeable and the wisest, for giving me health, patience, and guidance to complete this work. Peace and blessings be upon his last messenger, Muhammad, who was sent as a mercy to the worlds (this world and the hereafter). In this opportunity, I would like to acknowledge numerous people who have supported me in this journey and made this research paper a reality though the words “thank you” themselves cannot even begin to express how much appreciation I really have for them. The writer would like to say big thanks to all those who helped to make this paper complete in accordance with the time. Furthermore, the success of writing in the field until the end of this paper cannot be separated from the support of all parties. Therefore, according to this report by author would like to thank all those who have helped the writer. The writer realizes that this research paper is far from being perfect. Therefore, the writer expects some suggestions and critiques for this research paper. Moreover, the writer hopes that this writer paper will give benefit for all. Bekasi, Agustus Penulis ii
4 DAFTAR ISI Kata Pengantar……………………………………………………………………………………ii Daftar Isi …………………………………………………………………………………………..iii Pendahuluan……………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Chapter 1 Asking and Giving Suggestion …………………………………………… 2 Definition ………………………………………………………………………………………….4 Expression of asking suggestion……………………………………………………………….5 Expression of Giving Suggestion ………………………………………………………………5 Expression of Accepting suggestion …………………………………………………………..5 Expression of Refusing Suggestion ………………………………………………………,,,…5 Activity …………………………………………………………………………………,,,,,,,,,,,,…6 Chapter 2 Asking and Giving Opinion …………………………………………………9 Definition ………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Expression of asking Opinion …………………………………………………………………..16 Expression of Giving Opinion …………………………………………………………………...16 Expression of Accepting Opinion ……………………………………………………………….16 Expression of Refusing Opinion ……………………………………………………………….. 16 Activity ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 18 Chapter 3 Procedure Text ……………………………………………………………………14 Definition …………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Purpose………………………………………………………………………………………………16 Generic Structure …………………………………………………………………………………. 17 Language features …………………………………………………………………………………17 Example of Procedure Text ……………………………………………………………………….17 Activity ……………………………………………………………………………………………….18 Chapter 4 Analytical Exposition ………………………………………………………….. 21 Definition ……………………………………………………………………………………………23 Purpose …………………………………………………………………………………………….23 Generic Structure ……………………………………………………………………………….…23 The Example of Analytical Exposition ………………………………………………………...…24 Activity…………………………………………………………………………………………….…25 Chapter 5 Passive Voice …………………………………………………………………..…29 Definiton …………………………………………………………………………………………….31 Form of Passive Voice ……………………………………………………………………………32 The Example of Passive Voice…………………………………………………………………..33 Activity …………………………………………………………………………………………..….33 Daftar Pustaka ……………………………………………………………………………………35 Profil Penulis …………………………………………………………………………………..…36 iii
PENDAHULUAN Vocabulary is the part of language components. Vocabulary is an important part of communication. Good vocabulary allows people to communicate more easily and clearly. It is not easy to make good vocabulary. Vocabulary has an important role in the processes of language learning. It is to give information or knowledge in the learning process. Vocabulary is central to English language teaching, because without sufficient vocabulary, students cannot understand other or express their own ideas. Vocabulary is one of language components that has important thing in language. It helps people to speak well and produce a lot of vocabulary in English. Vocabulary is the basic skill in learning English. Learning vocabulary is not only learning about the words or new vocabulary, but also about how to use the vocabulary into correct usage. 1
2 CHAPTER I ASKING AND GIVING SUGGESTION
3 CAPAIAN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS FASE F Elemen Menyimak – Berbicara Pada akhir fase F, peserta didik menggunakan bahasa Inggris untuk berkomunikasi dengan guru, teman sebaya dan orang lain dalam berbagai macam situasi dan tujuan. Mereka menggunakan dan merespon pertanyaan terbuka dan menggunakan strategi untuk memulai, mempertahankan dan menyimpulkan percakapan dan diskusi. Mereka memahami dan mengidentifikasi ide utama dan detail relevan dari diskusi atau presentasi mengenai berbagai macam topik. Mereka menggunakan bahasa Inggris untuk menyampaikan opini terhadap isu sosial dan untuk membahas minat, perilaku dan nilai- nilai lintas konteks budaya yang dekat dengan kehidupan pemuda. Mereka memberikan dan mempertahankan pendapatnya, membuat perbandingan dan mengevaluasi perspektifnya. Mereka menggunakan strategi koreksi dan perbaikan diri, dan menggunakan elemen non- verbal seperti bahasa tubuh, kecepatan bicara dan nada suara untuk dapat dipahami dalam sebagian besar konteks. Elemen Membaca – Memirsa Pada akhir fase F, peserta didik membaca dan merespon berbagai macam teks seperti narasi, deskripsi, eksposisi, prosedur, argumentasi, dan diskusi secara mandiri. Mereka membaca untuk mempelajari sesuatu dan membaca untuk kesenangan. Mereka mencari, membuat sintesa dan mengevaluasi detil spesifik dan inti dari berbagai macam jenis teks. Teks ini dapat berbentuk cetak atau digital, termasuk diantaranya teks visual, multimodal atau interaktif. Mereka menunjukkan pemahaman terhadap ide pokok, isu-isu atau pengembangan plot dalam berbagai macam teks. Mereka mengidentifikasi tujuan penulis dan melakukan inferensi untuk memahami informasi tersirat dalam teks. Elemen Menulis – Mempresentasikan Pada akhir fase F, peserta didik menulis berbagai jenis teks fiksi dan faktual secara mandiri, menunjukkan kesadaran peserta didik terhadap tujuan dan target pembaca. Mereka membuat perencanaan, menulis, mengulas dan menulis ulang berbagai jenis tipe teks dengan menunjukkan strategi koreksi diri, termasuk tanda baca, huruf besar dan tata bahasa. Mereka menyampaikan ide kompleks dan menggunakan berbagai kosa kata dan tata bahasa yang beragam dalam tulisannya. Mereka menuliskan kalimat utama dalam paragraf-paragraf mereka dan menggunakan penunjuk waktu untuk urutan, juga konjungsi, kata penghubung dan kata ganti orang ketiga untuk menghubungkan atau membedakan ide antar dan di dalam paragraf. Mereka menyajikan informasi menggunakan berbagai mode presentasi untuk menyesuaikan dengan pemirsa dan untuk mencapai tujuan yang berbeda-beda, dalam bentuk cetak dan digital.
4 A. Defintion Asking for suggestion artinya adalah sebuah ungkapan meminta saran kepada orang lain sedangkan giving suggestion adalah ekspresi atau ungkapan memberikan saran atau usulan kepada orang lain B. Expression of Asking for Suggestion 1 What do you suggest? (Apa yang kamu sarankan?) 2 What do you advise me to do? (Apa yang harus saya lakukan?) 3 What should I do? (Apa yang harus saya lakukan?) 4 What should I do about…? (Apa yang harus saya lakukan tentang…) 5 What ought I to do? (Apa yang harus saya lakukan?) 6 What is your advice? (Apa saranmu?) 7 What would you do if you were me? (Apa yang akan kamu lakukan jika kamu adalah saya?) C. Expression of Giving for Suggestion 1 You should…. (Kamu harus….) 2 You ought to…. (Kamu harus….) 3 You could/ can…. (Kamu bisa….) 4 You’d better…. (Kamu harus….) 5 If I were you, I would… (Jika saya adalah kamu, saya akan…) 6 If I were in your position, I would… (Jika saya ada di posisi kamu, saya akan…) 7 Why don’t you…? (Mengapa kamu tidak…?) 8 It might be a good idea to…. (Mungkin ide bagus untuk….) 9 I would suggest… (Saya akan menyarankan…) 10 I would recommend… (Saya akan menyarankan…)
5 D. Expression of Accepting Suggestion 1 Great idea! 2 I agree with you 3 That’s a cool suggestion. 4 Sounds good to me. 5 That’s an interesting idea 6 Your suggestion is appreciated, and I will take it into consideration. 7 Thank you for recommending a solution. I plan to act on it. E. Expression of Refusing Suggestion 1 Sorry, not feeling it. 2 No thanks, not for me. 3 Thanks, but no. 4 Not my thing, sorry. 5 Not gonna work, thanks. 6 I don’t think so 7 Not possible, sorry.
6 Activity 1 Read and Look At the Picture. Answer the question: What are they doing? Activity 2 Read the following conversation below with your partner! Conversation A A: My favorite jeans aren’t fit me anymore. Do you think I should lose my weight? B: Well, that might be a good solution to your jeans problem. A: Yeah, but can you give me some advice on how to lose weight? B: I’m not sure. How about asking Anna? She seems to know a lot about that. A: You’re right! I’ll ask her. Thanks. Conversation B A: What do you suggest me to do on my free time tomorrow? B: If I were you, I would go to the beach. A: That’s a good idea! Do you want to come along? B: I want, but I have a lot of work to do tomorrow. A: Ah that’s too bad.
7 Conversation C A: Hi, How are you today? B: I am feeling blue today. A: What’s wrong with you? B: I got 4 for my English examination yesterday. A: Don’t be sad. I’m sure you can get a better score next time. You should study hard. B: Thank you for your suggestion. A: It’s OK. My pleasure. Activity 3 Follow the instructions: 1. Listen carefully to the recording! 2. Listen again! 3. Complete the blank conversation based on the speakers in their conversation. Dian : Morning abdul, how are you? Abdul : Morning Dian, I’m (1) ………... How about you? Dian : I’m good too. Are you going to join the (2) ………….? Abdul : Online meeting, I haven’t heard (3) ………. about it Dian : You should (4) ………. Our group chat has shared the information about it. Abdul : Sorry, I don’t have my phone with me now. I think (5) ………. About it. Dian : Ok. We will have an online meeting at 7 pm. You should (6) ……. In the chat join. Abdul : I see. What are going to discucss? Dian : Our jurnalism club wants to keep (7) ……… articles for students. Abdul : That’s good idea. We (8) ……. invite Mr. Akbar, our advisor to join the meeting. Dian : we have contacted him, and he has agreed to participate. You should (9) ……. it too Abdul : Ok. I’ll join. Dian : Good, one more thing. You (10) ………. For discussion Abdul : Sure
8 Activity 4 Learning Objective: Please make a conversation with your partner by using expressions of asking suggestion, giving suggestion, accepting, and refusing the suggestion.
9 CHAPTER 2 ASKING AND GIVING OPINION
10 KOMPETENSI AWAL Pada kehidupan sehari-hari kita pasti pernah memiliki opini pada sesuatu yang kita lihat, dengar, maupun rasakan. Entah opini itu mendukung atau bertentangan satu dengan yang lainnya. Opini merupakan sebuah teks atau dialog yang mengandung pendapat tentang suatu hal. Biasanya opini satu sama lain itu berbeda atau bertentangan, tergantung pada sudut pkalianng mana kita memihak. Ketika kita memberikan atau mengekspresikan opini kita, penting sekali untuk memberikan alasannya untuk mendukung opini itu sendiri. Kata kerja yang biasanya digunakan dalam opini adalah agree (setuju), believe (percaya), reckon (memperhitungkan), doubt (meragukan), assume (berasumsi), don't agree (tidak setuju), think (rasa/pikir). MATERI PEMBELAJARAN 1) Fungsi Sosial dari ekspresi memberikan opini dan responnya. Fungsi dari text atau dialog dalam modul ini adalah untuk menjaga hubungan interpersonal dengan guru, teman, dan orang lain. 2) Struktur Teks yang terbagi menjadi ekspresi memulai percakapan dan menanggapi ekpresi dari teks. 3) Unsur kebahasaan yang mengungkapkan ekpresi menyampaikan opini dan responnya.
11 A. Definition Asking and giving opinion adalah cara yang dilakukan seseorang untuk meminta dan memberi pendapat kepada orang lain. Saat melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari, biasanya kita tak lepas dari common expression yang satu ini. B. Asking Opinion Asking Opinion in Formal Situation Asking Opinion in Informal Situation Would you give me your opinion on …? What do you think about …? What are your views on …? How do you feel about …? Do you have any idea …? Any comments? What is your feeling about …? I need your opinion about … Have you got any comments on …? What do you think of …? Could you tell me your opinion about ...? What is your opinion? What is your view on …? In your honest opinion …? Do you have an opinion about …? How about ...? C. Giving Opinion Asking Opinion in Formal Situation Asking Opinion in Informal Situation May I make a comment on that? As for me… In my point of view … From my point of view, … My opinion about … I believe … I personally believe… In my opinion, .. In my mind … I think … In my opinion … Well, I think … If I had my view, I would… I think that… I personally consider … As far as I know
12 Activity 1 Read and Look At the Picture. Answer the question: What are they doing? Activity 2 Read the following conversation below with your partner! A: Mom, look! I bought a beautiful shirt! B: Hmm, how much does it cost? A: It’s not expensive, really. It’s only five million. What do you think? B: It’s beautiful, but in my personal opinion, it’s too expensive for a dress. A: But in my mind, it’s worth it, because the material is great and it’s from a popular fashion brand. B: Next, I reckon that you should be wiser in spending money. There are many dresses that are much cheaper with good quality. A: Yes, but I don’t think there’s anything wrong with buying expensive clothes occasionally.
13 Activity 3 Learning Objective: Please make a conversation with your partner by using expressions of asking opinion, giving opinion, accepting, and refusing the opinion.
14 CHAPTER 3 PROCEDURE TEXT
15 KOMPETENSI AWAL Apa yang kalian lakukan ketika mengalami kesulitan dalam mengoperasikan telepon seluler yang baru kalian beli? Atau kalian kebingungan ketika orang tua kalian meminta bantuan menggunakan teknologi seperti mesin cuci, printer, peralatan memasak, dan sebagainya. Perhatikan instruksi berikut ini, First touch the camera icon on the screen, next, hold up phone facing person or item you want to take a photo of, then be prepared to take the snapshot, Get ready, Finaly touch the camera icon to take the photo. Menurut kalian, apakah tujuan dari intruksi tersebut ingin memberikan informasi untuk melakukan langkah-langkah yang tepat dalam menggunakan kamera di hand phone? Ya benar sekali. Intruksi tersebut merupakan manual dalam mengoperasikan kamera hand phone. Teks yang menginformasikan serangkaian instruksi berupa langkah-langkah untuk mengunakan hasil teknologi disebut prosedur. Teks prosedur banyak ditemukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan sangat penting untuk dipelajari karena bermanfaat dalam kehidupan kalian. Pada modul ini kalian akan mempelajari teks prosedur dengan berlatih menerapkan manual dan tips –tips terkait penggunaan teknologi dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari. Untuk mencapai kompetensi dasar (KD) ini, kalian perlu menyimak dan membedakan beberapa teks prosedur terkait manual dan tips serta menggunakannya dalam bentuk latihan terstruktur, dan kemudian membiasakan diri untuk menerapkannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. MATERI PEMBELAJARAN Peserta didik diajak berlatih penguasaan kemampuan membaca dan akan berlatih kemampuan menulis. Materi pembelajaran yang akan digunakan adalah: • Fungsi sosial Memberi informasi/petunjuk cara untuk mencapai hasil terbaik secara efisien, menghindari kecelakaan, kerusakan, pemborosan, dsb. • Struktur text Tujuan Bahan/material Langkah-langkah (steps)
16 A. Defintion Procedure text is a text that explains, informs, or helps the reader on how to make or use something. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, definisi procedure text adalah teks yang memberikan instruksi, menginformasikan, atau membantu pembaca tentang bagaimana cara untuk membuat atau melakukan sesuatu A procedure text gives you a set of instructions on how to do something. There are a few different types of procedure texts you might come across in your daily life: 1. How to make something. Example: How to make banana cakes. 2. How to build something. Example: How to build a garden shed. 3. How to draw something. Example: How to draw an Australian animal. 4. How to use something. Example: How to use chopsticks B. Purpose of Procedure Text The purpose of procedure text is to show how something is made/used/done through sequence of steps. Jika diartikan dalam bahasa Indonesia, tujuan procedure text adalah untuk menjelaskan bagaimana sesuatu dibuat, dilakukan atau digunakan melalui langkah-langkah yang berurutan. Dengan kata lain, procedure text digunakan untuk menguraikan satu per satu bagaimana sesuatu dapat dibuat atau dicapai. Melalui procedure text, kalian akan lebih mudah dalam memahami dan membaca petunjuk cara melakukan sesuatu dengan urutan yang benar. C. Generic Sturcture of Procedure Text Structure of procedure text terdiri dari tiga bagian • Goal Goal merupakan struktur teks prosedur yang menjelaskan maksud atau tuajuan. • Materials Materials merupakan struktur teks prosedur yang menjelaskan alat dan bahan yang dibutuhkan.
17 • Steps Struktur teks prosedur berikutnya adalah steps, yang berisi langkah-langkah atau instruksi dalam membuat atau melakukan sesuatu. D. Language Feature of Procedure Text a. Using Simple Present Tense Procedure text harus ditulis dengan menggunakan Simple Present Tense, ya guys! Hal ini dikarenakan dalam procedure text terdapat kalimat-kalimat perintah mengenai cara membuat atau melakukan sesuatu. b. Using Kalimat Perintah (Imperative Sentences) Apakah yang dimaksud kalimat perintah atau imperative sentences pada procedure text? Imperative sentence selalu diawali oleh verb 1 dari action verb atau kata kerja yang melibatkan aktivitas fisik. Jadi, kita tidak perlu memakai subject di awal kalimatnya. Contoh: Add 3 onions and mix it well. Kalimat ini diawali oleh verb 1, add. Tidak ada subjek di awal kalimatnya ya. c. Using Kata Penghubung (Connectives) Kata penghubung (connectives) digunakan dalam sebuah procedure text untuk menghubungkan langkah-langkah di dalamnya supaya daftar instruksi yang dibuat menjadi runtut dan mudah dipahami. Contoh: Firstly, secondly, then, after that, dan finally. d. Using Kata Keterangan (Adverb) Kata keterangan (adverb) digunakan untuk memberikan keterangan waktu. Ada 2 jenis kata keterangan atau adverbs yang digunakan dalam procedure text, yaitu: • Adverb of time atau kata keterangan waktu yang menandakan berapa lama kita harus melakukan sesuatu. Contoh: in 10 minutes, for 1 hour. • Adverb of manner atau keterangan cara bagaimana melakukan sesuatu. Contoh: slowly, well, evenly.
18 Activity 1 Learn and read the materials about procedure text below
19 Activity 2 Read the text and answer the questions! If you have a debit card for your account, you can use that to get cash out of an Automatic Teller Machine. Insert your card through the machine. The machine will ask for your PIN Number. The machine will verify and will ask you a series of questions of what you would like to do. Select withdrawal, then select or type in the amount you want to take out and wait for your receipt to be printed. Remove your card from the slot. The drawer will open with a receipt and your cash withdrawal. Most machines will let you take up to five hundred dollars. 1. What is the text about? a. How to take money from an ATM. b. How to make an account at an ATM. c. How to make a loan at an ATM. d. How to use an ATM. 2. What does ATM mean? a. Automatic Transfer Machine. b. Automatic Teller Machine. c. Automatic Typing Machine. d. Automatic Telephone Machine. 3. What if the amount of money you want to take is not on the option menu? a. Select another menu. b. Remove the card from the slot. c. Type the amount on the screen. d. Wait for the receipt.
20 How To Make Blended Iced Cappuccino Ingredients: 1/2 cup of strong coffee 1 cup of ice cubes 2 cup skim milk 3 tablespoons of sugar 1/4 cup of cream whipped cream (optional) Instructions: Brew a cup of coffee. Let it cool. Put the ice cubes in the blender and pour the coffee over them. Add milk, sugar, and cream. Blend them all on medium speed until the ice is completely crushed. Pour the mixture into a glass. Serve with whipped cream. 1. What is the purpose of the text? a. How to make ice tea. b. How to plant coffee. c. How to make a glass of coffee. d. How to make a blended Ice cappucino. 2. What do you do after you put the ice cubes in the blender? a. pour some coffee. b. Add milk and sugar. c. Blend them with coffee. d. Turn on the blender. 3. How much coffe do you need? a. 1 cup. b. 1 glass. c. ½ of cup d. ¼ of cup.
21 CHAPTER 4 ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
22 KOMPETENSI AWAL Pada modul ini Anda akan diajak berlatih untuk mampu membedakan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan dari teks eksposisi analitik dan menangkap makna secara kontekstual dari teks eksposisi analitik. Setelah keduanya dikuasai, maka anda akan berlatih untuk menyusun teks eksposisi analitik dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur dan unsur kebahasaan teks eksposisi analitis lisan dan tulis, terkait isu aktual. Untuk mencapai Kompetensi Dasar (KD) ini Anda perlu membaca banyak model teks ekpsosisi analitik serta menjawab pertanyaan dalam bentuk latihan terstruktur, dan kemudian membiasakan diri untuk membaca dan menyusun teks ekposisi analitik yang berisi tentang pendapat mengenai sesuatu yang berada disekitar Anda. Untuk mengetahui kemajuan belajar Anda, perlu dilakukan penilaian otentik antara lain unjuk kerja dalam bentuk essay untuk kemudian dikumpulkan dalam portofolio masingmasing. MATERI PEMBELAJARAN Modul ini terbagi terdapat kegiatan pembelajaran tentang teks eksposisi analitis dimana di dalamnya terdapat uraian materi, contoh soal, soal latihan dan soal evaluasi: Pembelajaran pertama berfokus pada 1) fungsi sosial teks eksposisi analitis yaitu untuk menyatakan pendapat dan mempengaruhi dengan argumentasi analitis dan 2) mempelajari tentang struktur teks yang mencakup thesis, argument dan reiteration. Pembelajaran kedua berfokus pada unsur kebahasaan yang terdapat dalam teks eksposisi analitis yaitu penggunaan ungkapan seperti I believe, I think, penggunaan adverbia first, second, third dan seterusnya, penggunaan kata sambungTherefore, consequently, based on the arguments dan sebagainya. Pembelajaran Ketiga berfokus pada bagaimana menangkap makna secara kontekstual terkait fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks eksposisi analitis lisan dan tulis, terkait isu aktual.
23 A. Definition Analytical Exposition is a text that elaborates the writer ‘s idea about the phenomenon surrounding. Its social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is important matter, and to analyze the topic that the thesis / opinion is correct by developing an argument to support it. (Analytical Exposition adalah teks yang menguraikan ide penulis tentang fenomena disekitar. Fungsi sosialnya adalah untuk membujuk pembaca bahwa ide itu adalah hal yang penting, dan untuk menganalisis topik yang tesis / pendapat itu benar dengan mengembangkan argumen untuk mendukungnya.) B. Purpose To convince the reader that the topics presented was an important topic to be discussed or gained attention by way of providing arguments or opinions that support the main idea or topic. C. Generic Structure 1. Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s point of view. (Memperkenalkan topik dan menunjukkan sudut pandang penulis) 2. Argument: Explaining the argument to support the writer’s position. The number of arguments may vary, but each argument must be supported by evidence and explanation. (Menjelaskan argumen untuk mendukung posisi penulis. Jumlah argumen mungkin berbeda, tetapi setiap argumen harus didukung oleh bukti-bukti dan penjelasan.) 3. Reiteration: Restating the writer’s point of view / to strengthen the thesis. We can use the following phrase to make conclusion in reiteration: (Menyatakan kembali sudut pandang penulis / untuk memperkuat tesis.
24 (taken from: https://englishadmin.com/2018/11/50)
25 D. Language Feature 1. Using relational process 2. Using internal conjunction 3. Using causal conjunction 4. Using Simple Present Tense 5. Using compound and complex sentence. 6. Use word that link argument, such as firstly, secondly, and reasoning through causal conjunction, such as in addition, furthermore, however, therefore. Activity 1 Read the text below! Cars Should Be Banned in The City. Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents. Firstly, cars, as we all know, contribute to most of the pollution in the world. Cars emit a deadly gas that causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and ‘triggers’ of asthma. Some of these illnesses are so bad that people can die from them. Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander everywhere and cars commonly hit pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads’ biggest killers. Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or concentrate on your homework, and especially talk to someone. In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reasons listed. (taken from: https://englishadmin.com/2018/11/50)
26 Activity 2 Read the text and answer the question! In this era, healthy life is expected as something not totally wrong but isn’t totally right, there is inexpensive activity to get a healthy life. That is jogging. Jogging is a sport that everyone can do because this sport does not require a lot of costs to carry out but is as good as other sports that require high prices for the health of our bodies. Jogging is an excellent sport for everyone. You can go jogging anytime and anywhere and also you can either do it alone or with your friends On average, jogging burns about 100 calories every mile, but it depends on your weight and the intensity of your workout. For example, a man weighing 68 kg can burn 600 calories per 10 km. Then, jogging can keep your cardiovascular (heart pumping) in good condition. Moreover, you will also avoid heart attacks and strokes if you do it regularly. Besides being good for health, jogging is also perfect for mental health. Every time you inish jogging, you will feel refreshed. Several studies revealed that people who like jogging will tend to have a better outlook on life and make them happier than people in general. Those reasons above should make us realize and keep maintaining our health with the easiest and lowest cost of exercises, jogging. Thus, there should be no excuses not to exercise, because we know the beneits of exercise besides eating healthy food. Therefore, by taking a little time to jog, it means that we love our lives more. (taken from: https://englishadmin.com/2018/11/50) 1. Why is jogging the easiest sport for everyone? 2. What is the good side of jogging? 3. Is jogging not correlated with mental health? 4. Why do several studies suggest people jogging as their sport? 5. Do all people burn about 100 calories every mile?
27 Activity 3 Read the following text to answer questions number 1 to 3 (Taken from: https://www.itapuih.com/2018/02/) 1. The text gives us information about …. a. The ways to minimize global warning. b. The ways to increase global warning. c. The effects of global warning d. The importance of consuming local groceries e. The importance of knowing global warning 2. To reduce the global warming, we should …. a. Buy import product b. Buy expensive clothes c. Consume frozen foods d. Consume fresh foods e. Not use electricity efficiently 3. We are helping reduce the amount of global warming” (Paragraph 2) The underlined word can be replaced by … a. Increase b. Decrease c. Improve d. Add e. Maximize Everybody should change their way of life to reduce global warming. There are several things that we can do. One of them is by buying and consuming fresh local groceries as much as possible. It of course includes local vegetables, fruits, bread, etc. Local groceries don’t need much transportation to get it into the market. It of course means, the amount of carbon dioxide produced is less than the groceries from another region. Therefore, by buying local groceries we are helping reduce the amount of carbon dioxide produced. Consuming fresh groceries instead of frozen ones are healthier for us. Furthermore, fresh food or groceries means no requirements for it to be freeze up. It means that no electricity is needed and saving energy means reducing carbon dioxide and money. So, from now on we should consume fresh local groceries to reduce global warming.
28 Read the following text to answer questions number 1 to 3 (Taken from: http://englishadmin.com/2018/11/) 4. Who is responsible for defense? a. Federal government b. State Government c. Federal and State Government d. Federal and Local Government e. Local Government 5. The litter management is the responsibility of …. a. all governments b. Australia c. Federal government d. State governement e. Local government In Australia there are three levels of governments, the federal government, state governments and local governments. All these levels of government are necessary. This is so for number of reasons. First, the federal government is necessary for the big things. They keep the economy in order and look after like defense. Similarly, the state governments look after the middle-sized things. For example, they look after law and order, preventing things like vandalism in school. Finally, local government look after the small things. They look after things like collecting rubbish, otherwise everyone would have disease. Thus, for the reason above, we can conclude that the three levels of the government are necessary.
29 CHAPTER 5 PASSIVE VOICE
30 KOMPETENSI AWAL Pada modul ini Anda akan diajak belajar tentang teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait keadaan /tindakan/ kegiatan/ kejadian tanpa perlu menyebutkan pelakunya (Passive Voice) dalam teks ilmiah, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya. Setelahnya Anda akan belajar menyusun teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait keadaan/tindakan/kegiatan/ kejadian tanpa perlu menyebutkan pelakunya (Passive Voice) dalam teks ilmiah, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks MATERI PEMBELAJARAN Modul ini membahas pembelajaran tentang “Passive Voice” dimana didalamnya terdapat uraian materi, contoh soal, soal latihan dan soal evaluasi. Pada pembelajaran 1, Anda akan diperkenalkan konsep, manfaat dan pola kalimat Passive Voices dalam sejumlah tenses. Pada Pembelajaran 2, Anda akan berlatih menyusun Passive Voice dalam teks ilmiah sesuai dengan fungsi sosial, struktur teks dan unsur kebahasaannya
31 A. Definition In general, we tend to use the active voice. That is when a subject does an action to an object. For example: Somebody stole my laptop. (subject = Somebody / action(verb) = stole / object = my laptop)\ The passive voice is used when we want to emphasize the action (the verb) and the object of a sentence rather than the subject. This means that the subject is either less important than the action itself or that we don’t know who or what the subject is.’ My laptop was stolen. (The object – now the subject = My laptop / action= was stolen) Passive: Napa Valley is known for its excellent wines. Active: [Many people] know Napa Valley for its excellent wines. Passive: Twenty civilians were killed in the bomb explosion. Active: Someone killed twenty civilians in the bomb explosion B. Forming The Passive Voice The passive voice is not a tense in English. Each tense has its own passive voice which is created by using a form of the auxiliary verb to be + V3 (past participle) o Simple Present Tense: Object + am/is/are + V3 + by + Object/Pronoun o Simple Past Tense: Object + was/were + V3 + by + Object/Pronoun o Simple Future Tense: Object + shall/will + V3 + by + Object/Pronoun o Present Continuous Tense: Object + am/is/are + being + V3 + by + Object/Pronoun o Past Continuous Tense: Object + was/were + being+ V3 + by + Object/Pronoun o Future Continuous Tense: Object + shall/will + V3 + by + Object/Pronoun o Present Perfect Tense: Object + have/has + been+ V3 + by + Object/Pronoun o Past Perfect Tense: Object + had+ been + V3 + by + Object/Pronoun o Future Perfect Tense: Object + shall/will + have + been + V3 + by + Object/Pronoun
32 The passive voice in each tense:
33 Activity 1 Fill in the correct passive form of the verb in parentheses. 1) Penicillin ______ by Alexander Fleming in 1928. (discover) 2) Statements ______ from all the witnesses at this moment. (take) 3) Whales ______ by an international ban on whaling. (must protect) 4) Both weddings _______ by Good Taste. (cater) 5) A Picasso ____ from the Metropolitan Museum of Art.(steal) 6) ____ this washing machine ______in Germany? (make) 7) Tea _____ in China. (grow) 8) When we reached the airport, we found that all the flights____ due to the storm. (cancel) 9) The fax _____ until tomorrow morning. (not send) 10) The soundtrack of a movie _____ always _____ after the filming is finished. Activity 2 Please Change the active voice into passive voice form Active Voice Passive Voice Angel cooks the food We drove a car He will invite his mother I am buying gadget Adit has written a story
34 Activity 3 Choose the right anwser! 1. The cake is …… by my father. a. Buy b. Bought c. Buying d. Buys 2. The visitors will be ………. at the airport by the delegation a. Meet b. Met c. Meeting d. Meets 3. She was ……… a nice present. a. Give b. Gave c. Given d. Gives 4. We have been ………. to dinner. a. Invite b. Inviting c. Invites d. Invited 5. Change the sentence below into passive voice Jane is singing the new song. a. The new song is being sung by Jane. b. The new song was sung by Jane c. The new song is sung by Jane d. The 6. Change the sentence below into passive voice. "Riska writes an application letter." a. An application letter was written by Riska. b. An application letter is written by Riska. c. An application letter was wrote by Riska. d. An application letter is write by Riska. 7. Change the sentence below into passive voice. "Rodriguez applies a job at a new coffee shop in town." a. A job at a new coffee shop in town is applied by Rodriguez. b. A job at a new coffee shop in town was applied by Rodriguez. c. Rodriguez is applied a job at a new coffee shop in town. d. In town Rodriguez was applied a job at a new coffee shop. 8. Change the sentence below into passive voice. "I was typing a resume in my bedroom." a. A resume were being typed by me in my bedroom. b. A resume was being typed by me in my bedroom. c. I am being typed a resume in my bedroom. d. I was typed a resume in my bedroom. 9. Change the sentence below into passive voice. "Darius will interview the new applicants at 10.” a. The interview of the new applicants will be held by Darius at 10. b. the new applicants are being interviewed by Darius at 10. c. Darius will be interviewed the new applicants at 10. d. the new applicants will be interviewed by Darius at 10.
35 DAFTAR PUSTAKA Bisma, Leo. 2022. Belajar Analytical Exposition Text: Pengertian, Struktur & Contoh. Diakses pada www.ruangguru.com Husnunnisa, Intan Aulia. 2023. Asking and Giving Suggestion (Advice) dan Contoh Kalimatnya. Diakses pada www.english-academy.id Husnunnisa, Intan Aulia. 2022. Asking and Giving Opinion: Definisi, Cara, dan Contoh Dialog. Diakses pada www.english-academy.id Husnunnisa, Intan Aulia. 2022. Definisi Passive Voice dan Contoh Kalimat Pasif Bahasa Inggris. Diakses pada www.english-academy.id Yonas, Adya Rosyada. 2022. Pengertian Procedure Text, Struktur, Jenis & Contoh.Diakses pada www.ruangguru.com Unknown. 2023. Passive Voice. Diakses pada www.gingersoftware.com
36 PROFIL PENULIS Fadli Rahman, lahir di Purwakarta pada 20 Maret 1995 dan sekarang menetap di Bekasi. Menyelesaikan pendidikan dasar di SDN Karang Asih 12 Cikarang Utara pada tahun 2007, dan menyelesaikan pendidikan SMP di SMPN 2 Kota Cirebon pada tahun 2010. Kemudian melanjutkan tingkat sekolah atas di SMAN 1 Cikarang Utara, dan menyelesaikan pendidikan kuliah di Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang pada tahun 2017 dengan jurusan Pendidika Bahasa Inggris. Memulai karir mengajar menjadim guru Bahasa Inggris di MAN 1 Bekasi pada tahun 2018 hingga sekarang. Kini penulis mencoba mentorehkan ilmu serta ide-ide sederhananya dalam perpaduan kata yang berbentuk modul pembelajaran. Semoga modul ini dapat bermanfaat bagi peserta didik secara khusus dan pembaca lainnya