DATIVE BOND

DATIVE BOND/
COORDINATE

BOND

Learning Standard

At the end of the lesson, students
should be able to:

❑Explain with examples the
formation of dative bond

What is a dative bond?



Dative bond is a covalent bonds formed when
the pair of electrons shared is contributed
by only one of the atoms.

Example: Formation of dative bond in hydroxonium ion, H3O+

Hydroxonium ion is positively charged because only the hydrogen
ion, H+ is transferred from the hydrogen chloride to the lone pairs

on the oxygen atom

Dative bond in H2O + HCl → H3O+ + Cl-
the formation
of hydroxonium ✓The oxygen atom in water molecules
ion, H3O+ has two lone pair of electrons that are
(Dissolving HCl not involved in the covalent bond.

in water ✓Hydrogen chloride, HCl ionises
completely into hydrogen ion, H+ and
chloride ion, Cl- in water. Hydrogen
ion, H+ did not have any electron.

✓The oxygen atom will contribute a
lone pair of electrons to share with
hydrogen ion, H+.

✓The oxygen atom and all hydrogen
atoms will achieve a stable octet and
duplet electron arrangement.

Dative bond in hydroxonium ion , H3O+

Dative bond in ammonium ion , NH4+



Formation of dative bond in ammonium ion.

• The reaction between ammonia and hydrogen chloride will produce
ammonium chloride.

NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl
• The nitrogen atom in ammonia molecule has a lone pair of electrons

that are not involved in the covalent bond.

• Hydrogen ion, H+ did not have any electron.

• The nitrogen atom will contribute a lone pair of electrons to share
with the hydrogen ion, H+.

• The nitrogen atom and all hydrogen atoms will achieve the stable
octet and duplet electron arrangement.