TOKOH PEMIMPIN JOHOR

DIGITAL SCRAP
BOOK

Sultan Sir Abu Bakar ibni Almarhum Temenggong
Seri Maharaja Tun Daeng Ibrahim
Name: Sasmitasri Subramanian
School: SMK Senai
Form: 4 Utm

Acknowledgement

First and foremost, thanks to the God. Secondly, I would first like to thank my teachers
Madam Liyana and Madam Fatin. Internet was always available whenever I ran into a trouble

spot or had a question about my research or writing. Finally, I must express my very
profound gratitude to my parents and to my friend for providing me with unfailing support
and continuous encouragement throughout my process of researching and writing this thesis.

This accomplishment would not have been possible without them. Thank you.

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INTRODUCTION:

Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Al-Khalil Ibrahim Shah Ibni Al-
Marhum Temenngung Seri Maharaja Tun Daeng Ibrahim (3 February 1833-4 June
1895), Temenggung Daeng Ibrahim, to govern Johor from 1862 to 1895. He was about 28
years old when his father died. He wore the title of Maharaja of Johor in 1868. He was the

sultan of Johor in the first modern era.

Temenggung Abu Bakar is a very wise figure and ruler of Johor. He had developed and
strengthened the Johor government under the Temenggung Dynasty and established

diplomatic relations with the Riau-Lingga government. On 1 January 1866, he changed the
name of Tanjung Puteri or Iskandar Puteri to Johor Bahru and made it the administrative
center of the Johor government. Temenggung Abu Bakar encouraged the Chinese to open

Abu Bakar has developed by combining traditional Johor Malay Western bureaucracy and
called the Father of Modern Johor. His efficient and well -organized administration was
recognized by the British himself, so he would not appoint British officials as advisers.

He had received a Western education since he was a child. Therefore, he was greatly
influenced by the Western way of governing and administering. His Majesty has also made
many visits to European countries especially to England to gain experience and learn how
Westerner rule and govern the country. His wisdom earned him the respect of merchants and

the British Governor. He was also good friends with Queen Victoria, the ruler of Great
Britain at the time; the queen conferred the title of Johor to Temenggung Abu Bakar in 1868.

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BIOGRAPHY:

Sultan Sir Abu Bakar ibni Almarhum Temenggong Seri Maharaja Tun Daeng Ibrahim
GCMG KCSI was the Temenggong of Johor. He was the 1st Sultan of Modern Johor, the
21st Sultan of Johor and the first Maharaja of Johor from the House of Temenggong. Sultan
Sir Abu Bakar was born on 3rd February 1895. He was died on 4th June 1886.Do you know
what? Sultan Abu Bakar’s coronation date on 29 July 1866. Sultan was the only son for
Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim and Cik’ Ngah. Abu Bakar, who became temenggong in 1862,
was the third ruler under that agreement. He elevated his title to Maharaja in 1868, and in
1885 he was acknowledged by Great Britain as sultan of Johore, disestablishing the former
sultan’s lineage. An able and clever ruler, he did much to promote trade, investment, and
agriculture in his state. In particular he encouraged the development of gambier and pepper

plantations.

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PICTURES OF SULTAN SIR ABU BAKAR OF JOHOR.

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CONTRIBUTIONS:

He initiated policies and provided aids to ethnic Chinese entrepreneurs to stimulate the
development of the state's agricultural economy which was founded by Chinese migrants

from Southern China in the 1840s. He also took charge of the development of Johor's
infrastructure, administrative system, military and civil service, all of which were modelled

closely along Western lines. He maintained independence from Britain and stimulated
economic development in Johore at a time when most Southeast Asian states were being
incorporated into European colonial empires. Western in his interests, Abu Bakar lived in the
British colony of Singapore, and, in his conduct of Johore’s internal affairs (Britain had

control of Johore’s foreign affairs under terms of an 1861 agreement), he made use of
Western advisers and methods. This practice stood him in good stead in persuading the
British that the government of Johore was stable and just. He also elicited British positions on
important issues and established his own policy accordingly, compromising when necessary.
Thus, he not only maintained his independence but also strengthened his position vis-à-vis
other Malay rulers. He was also the first in the country to introduced state orders of chivalry
such as the Darjah Kerabat (Royal Family Order of Johor) and the Darjah Mahkota Johor

(Order of the Crown of Johor)

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STUDIES:

At a young age he was commissioned by local teachers about Islam and Adat (traditional
Malay law) before he was sent to the Gulf Blanga Malay School, a missionary school run by
the Reverend Benjamin Peach Keasberry. Under the guidance of these missionary teachers,

Abu Bakr was taught to be civilized as well fluently in addition to English language teak.

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FOREIGN RELATION:

Abu Bakar made his inaugural state visit while he was still a Temenggong. He toured
England in 1866 with Dato' Jaafar, and met with members of the English royalty, notably
Queen Victoria and the Prince of Wales, Price Edward. The Queen conferred Abu Bakar with
the (KCSI), which he valued highly. The trip reportedly gave both Abu Bakar and Dato'
Jaafar lasting memories of England, and inspired Abu Bakar to develop Johor along British
lines. Nine years later, Abu Bakar travelled to Calcutta to meet up with Prince Edward who
was then spending his time in the city. The following year, Prince Edward conferred Abu
Bakar the Prince of Wales's Gold medal. He made another trip to London in 1878, where he

was invited to attend the State Ball at Buckingkam Palace. Abu Bakar's palaces were
modelled closely along British lines; when Prince George and Prince Albert Victor visited
Johor in the 1880s, they had commented that the huge drawing room of Abu Bakar's palace
closely resembled the state-rooms found at Windsor Castle. He was also an avid polo player,
and had raced with the princes during their state visits to Johor. The Duke of Sutherland also

praised Abu Bakar's hospitality during his state visit after he became Sultan, and had
reportedly enjoyed the Malay cuisine which the Abu Bakar had served to him.

In particular, Queen Victoria became a close friend of Abu Bakar especially during his later
years. During a visit to England in February 1891, Abu Bakar was personally received by the
Queen, and was invited to dine and stay with the Queen at Windsor Castle. Queen Victoria

held Abu Bakar in very high esteem, which she had signed herself off as an "affectionate
friend" in a letter to Abu Bakar in March 1891. Reportedly, Queen Victoria was quoted to
have highly valued the silver model Albert Memorial which Abu Bakar sent to her during

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her Golden Jubblie in 1887. Shortly before his death in May 1895, Queen Victoria sent her

personal physician to attend to Abu Bakar's medical needs, who was by then very ill when he
arrived in London.

Abu Bakar visited Oothman Turkey during his European tour in 1866, where he met
Sultan Abdulazziz. The Sultan presented Ruggyyah Hanum, a Circassian princess to Abu
Bakar as a gift. Ruggyyah Hanum married Ungku Abdul Majid, a brother of Abu Bakar after
she arrived to Johor, and later remarried Dato Jaafar (whom accompanied Abu Bakar during
his 1866 trip) after Ungku Majid's death. During his second visit to England in August 1878,
Abu Bakar wrote to Colonel Anson from South Kengsiston of his wishes to visit European
royalties in Paris, and Italy. He visited Paris and Vienna and was given a warm reception by

Prince Henry of Liechenstein before he returned to Johor. Three years later, he
visited Prussia, where he was conferred the Royal Prussian Order of the Crown. He made two
separate European tours in 1891 and 1893 with a personal physician by his side, during which
he met Emperor Francis joseph King Umberto and Sultan Abdul Hamid and was conferred

the awards of Commander of the Cross of Italy, Imperial Order of the Osman (Turkey) and
the Commander of the Cross of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

In 1881, Abu Bakar also visited Java, which was under Dutch rule. In the same year, he
received the visiting King Kalakaua during his tour around the world and was conferred the

Grand Cross of the Order of Kalakaua I of Hawaii. and State Secretary, Muhammad
Salleh. In 10 December 1892 at Istana Tyersall, Tyersall, Singapore, the Emperoe of
China, Guangku, conveyed by the Consul General in Singapore, bestowed upon him the First

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Class of the First Grade Order of the Double Dragon for his just treatment of the Chinese in

Johor, witnessed by a gathering of Chinese towkays (businesspeople).

Sultan’s second wife.

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RELICS:

There are a number of buildings named to commemorate him both in Johor Bahru and
in Muar that stand out because they feature and Moorish architectures compared to the

surrounding buildings:

• Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque- built from 1892 to 1900,
• Sultan Abu Bakar’s College

• The Abu Bakar Royal Museum which includes the Johor Grand Palace itself,
• Sultan Abu Bakar Complex, the site of the Malaysian customs base along
the Second Malaysia-Singapore Return route.

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Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque
Sultan Abu Bakar’s College

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Sultan Abu Bakar Complex

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DEATH:

In early May 1895, Sultan Abu Bakar travelled to London together with his son and
successor, Tunku Ibrahim (later Sultan Ibrahim) with the hope to mustering support and
recognition of his rule. He was by then already very ill and was already suffering from an
inflammation of the kidneys and diagnosed with Bright Disease (a type of kidney disease). At
the on start of the voyage in early May, he became very weak, and had to be carried aboard a
ship in a wheelchair. Abu Bakar contracted pneumonia during his stay in the hotel, which led
to his demise on the evening of 4 June 1895. His body was then brought back to Johor by an
English man of war from Penang. A state funeral was given to Abu Bakar, and he was laid to
rest at the royal mausoleum at Makam Mahmodiah on 7 September 1895. His son, Tunku

Ibrahim was later installed as the Sultan of Johor in November 1895.

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LEADERSHIP LESSONS I’VE LEARNED FROM SULTAN SIR ABU
BAKAR:

1. Everyone can help you learn something.
2. Managers and leaders are different.
3. Leadership is hard.
4. Self-awareness is essential.
5. Get feedback from your network.
6. Communicate.
7. Be present

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CONCLUSION:

Sultan Abu Bakar was often accredited as the "Founder of Modern Johor: Bapa Pemodenan
Johor. He established a Western-styled bureaucratic system and civil service, and

consolidated the state's agricultural economy, which consisted of gambier and pepper
plantations headed by Chinese leaders, known as "KANGCHU" in the Teachow Dialect of
the southern min Chinese language. The gambier and pepper plantations were first introduced
during the 1840s by Chinese immigrants. Often, Abu Bakar was called in by Malay rulers

from neighbouring states to provide advice in the event when the rulers had to make
important decisions. In particular, he became a close confidante of the Sultan of Pahang, Wan

Ahmad in 1887, with whom Abu Bakar had persuaded Sultan Ahmad to accept a British
consultant instead of a Resident. The Colonial Government at that time was seeking for

greater control over the Malay States and was making vociferous attempts to impose
British Residents into the Malay states. The Colonial Government also made a failed attempt

to impose a British Resident in Johor in 1885; the state maintained its independence in its
internal affairs until 1914.

15. REFRENCES:
• Wikipedia

THANK YOU