Accession of Serbia to the European Union - Wikipedia

2017-05-24 Accession of Serbia to the European Union - Wikipedia

Accession of Serbia to the European Union

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The accession of Serbia to the European Union is the process of the Republic of Serbia being admitted into Serbian EU accession bid
the framework of the European Union as a member state.

On 7 November 2007, Serbia initialed a Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) with the European
Union. This was a milestone in Serbia's accession negotiations and was executed following the advice of chief
war crimes prosecutor Carla Del Ponte, who advised the EU that the country was complying adequately with the

tribunal but Ratko Mladić must be in The Hague prior to any official signing being able to take place.[1] Mladić
was subsequently arrested on 26 May 2011, and has since been extradited to the International Criminal Tribunal

for the former Yugoslavia to stand trial.[2] On 20 July 2011, Goran Hadžić became the last indicted fugitive to be

arrested.[3] After setbacks in the political field, on 7 December 2009 the EU unfroze the trade agreement with

Serbia[4] and the Schengen countries dropped the visa requirement for Serbian citizens on 19 December 2009.[5]

Serbia officially applied for European Union membership on 22 December 2009,[6] and the European
Commission recommended making it an official candidate on 12 October 2011. After the Council's
recommendation of 28 February 2012, Serbia received full candidate status on 1 March. On 28 June 2013 the
European Council endorsed the Council of Ministers conclusions and recommendations to open accession

negotiations with Serbia.[7][8] In December 2013 the Council of the European Union approved opening

negotiations on Serbia's accession in January 2014,[9] and the first Intergovernmental Conference was held on 21

January at the European Council in Brussels.[10]

Contents Status Negotiating

1 Serbian government stance Opened 8
2 Dispute in the government in 2008 chapters
3 European Union stance
4 Negotiations Closed 2
5 Negotiation progress chapters
6 Stabilisation and Association Agreement
Website European Integration Office (htt
6.1 Summary of ratification process p://www.seio.gov.rs/home.50.htm
6.2 Notes l)

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7 Visa liberalisation process Delegation of EU to the Republic
8 Public opinion of Serbia (http://www.europa.rs/e
n.html)
8.1 Serbian government's Office for EU Integration data EU Commission (http://ec.europa.
8.2 Other sources eu/enlargement/countries/detailed-
9 Key events in Serbia accession to EU country-information/serbia/index_
10 Impact of Joining en.htm)
11 References
12 Further reading Statistics
13 External links

EU average Serbia

Serbian government stance PPP GDP ($M) 552,780 107,131
PPP per capita ($) 40,600 15,320

The government originally set a goal for EU accession by 2014, as per Area (km2) 165,048 88,361

the Papandreou plan - Agenda 2014.[11][12] Presenting his key-note Population 18,583,598 7,186,862

address before the Serbian Parliament in April 2014, the Prime Minister-

Designate Aleksandar Vucic said that the negotiations with the European

Union continue in good faith that until the end of the mandate of his Government they will be finished. He also said that

this process will be a priority and that "if we work hard, I believe that Serbia could become a full member of the European

Union by the end of the decade".[13] During the visit of the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
Catherine Ashton to Belgrade he assessed that there is a chance for Serbia to become a full member of the EU by 2020 and
reiterated that that is the goal to be reached for the sake of our country and internal reforms, which should be completed by

Novi Sad City Hall. The building 2018.[14]
where EU-Serbian government

negotiations are held The Serbian government has declared that the status of the Kosovo region should not be tied with the EU negotiations. As
of September 2012, the EU Enlargement Commissioner, Štefan Füle, has denied that the European Union will insist on

Serbia's recognition of Kosovo before it can join the organisation.[15]

Dispute in the government in 2008

Deputy Prime Minister Božidar Đelić signed the Stabilisation and Association Agreement on 29 April 2008.[16] Vojislav Koštunica, Serbian Prime Minister at the
time, said on 1 May that Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov was right when he said that the SAA should have been signed. But one day later, on 2 May 2008,

he vowed to annul the agreement after the election, calling it “a trick”, “Solana's agreement” and “the Tadić-Đelić SAA signature”.[17][18] After the Serbian
parliamentary election, 2008, a new parliamentary majority and government was formed and the SAA opposition was left without political power. The new

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Serbian Prime Minister, Mirko Cvetković, announced “One of the first moves of the new government will be to submit the Stabilisation and Association Agreement

with the European Union to the parliament for ratification.”[19] As of January 2009 the Serbian government has started to implement its obligations under the

agreement unilaterally.[20] The effects remain to be evaluated by the European Commission.

According to a survey by the Centre for Free Elections and Democracy, as of November 2009, support for accession among Serbians was 71 percent.[21] However,
that support has rapidly dropped, falling to around 60% in late 2010 and 58% in December 2014.[22][23]

European Union stance

An earlier obstacle for Serbia's access to the EU was their cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the
former Yugoslavia (ICTY),[24] however this has been overcome since all the indicted, the last of which were Ratko Mladić
and Goran Hadžić, have been extradited to the ICTY. Ratko Mladić was arrested on 26 May 2011 and Goran Hadžić on 20
July 2011.[25]

A strong opponent of Serbia's signing and ratification of the SAA used to be the Netherlands, which stated that it will not    Current EU members
put the SAA in force until Ratko Mladić is in ICTY custody. On 15 September 2008, the Netherlands froze the trade-related    Candidate countries
part of the SAA with Serbia.[26][27] However, the Netherlands now actively supports Serbia’s efforts to join the EU and the    Potential candidate countries
Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the EU and Serbia was ratified by the Netherlands in 2012. The    Membership possible
Netherlands also highlight the importance of normalising relations between Belgrade and Pristina and carrying out reforms
vital for EU membership.[28]

During her visit to Serbia the EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton stated that Serbia "can be example to others in
region" and that the country "can show them what can be achieved through hard work and leadership." She also stressed
then that Serbia has always been a part of Europe and that Serbia is an important political partner of the EU which is proved
by the results that have been achieved in the normalisation of the relations with Priština.[29]

Serbia and the EU were at odds over implementation of the EU's EULEX mission to Kosovo. The EU wants to implement its mission in Kosovo according to
Martti Ahtisaari's Kosovo status proposal, but Serbia wants EULEX to be first approved by the UN Security Council in accordance with United Nations Security

Council Resolution 1244.[30][31] This has subsequently occurred after the UN Chancellor and Serbian government have reached a 5-point plan, after which the
UNSC has approved the EULEX mission, which functioned under the mandate of the UNMIK. On 19 May 2011, during his official visit to Serbia, José Manuel

Barroso, President of the European Commission, said that recognition of Kosovo is not a pre-condition for Serbian EU accession.[32] Enver Hoxhaj, Kosovo's
Minister of Foreign Affairs, has suggested that the EU should enlarge to Kosovo and Serbia simultaneously due to concerns that if Serbia was admitted first they

could veto Kosovo's membership.[33]

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The signing of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement was opposed by the governments of the Netherlands and Belgium while the Government of Spain

lobbied on behalf of Serbia.[34]

Negotiations

The European Union has been considering enlargement in the Balkans since at least the late 1990s.[24] The negotiations
became serious after Serbia began the reform process after the fall of the Milošević government in 2000, back then as part
of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (with Montenegro)[35] when the EU officially declared that the Balkan states are
potential candidates for membership, confirmed in 2003.[24] Negotiations on a Stabilisation and Association Agreement
started in November 2005.[24]

On 3 May 2006, the European Union suspended SAA talks with Serbia over its failure to arrest Ratko Mladić, stating that

Serbia failed to fulfill its commitment to fully co-operate with International Criminal Tribunal for the former Tanja Miščević chief negotiator with
the EU
Yugoslavia.[24] This slowed the pace of Serbia's EU entry and the reform process in Serbia. In July 2006, an action plan for
the arrest of Ratko Mladić was issued by the government which was expected to improve relations with EU. In May 2007,

Serbian parties reached an agreement on a new government, and placed President Boris Tadić as head of the newly created

National Security Council. Within weeks of the Council's establishment, Serbian officials made two key arrests of indicted war criminals. As a result, on 13 June

2007, the European Union decided to reopen negotiations. On 21 July 2008, Radovan Karadžić was arrested. On 26 May 2011 Mladić was arrested.

On 8 November 2007, Serbian Deputy Prime Minister Božidar Đelić and the European Union Commissioner for Enlargement Olli Rehn initialed in Brussels the

Stabilisation and Association Agreement between Serbia and the European Union.[36] Olli Rehn said that the EU decision to initial the Stabilisation and
Association Agreement with Serbia was the result of improved cooperation with the ICTY, as reported by the chief prosecutor of this Tribunal, Carla Del Ponte.

Rehn underlined that full cooperation of Belgrade with the ICTY remains a precondition for signing of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement, which was
initialed two years after the launching of the first negotiation round. On 16 January 2008 the Netherlands and Belgium confirmed that their countries would not
sign the SAA (signatures are needed from all EU member states) until Serbia complied fully with the ICTY.[37] On 14 January 2008 ICTY prosecutor Serge
Brammertz stated that there was no change and Serbia was still not fully cooperating.[38]

Following this agreement, the EU planned to grant candidate status to Serbia as early as 2009, contingent on its full cooperation with the Hague tribunal. The
European Commission (EC) recommended making it an official candidate on 12 October 2011. On 28 February 2012, the Council of the European Union issued a

candidate status recommendation,[39] and Serbia received a full candidate status on 1 March.[40] In December 2012, the Council launched the accession process
with a view to open negotiations in June 2013, provided that political conditions regarding cooperation with Kosovo were met. Štefan Füle, European

Commissioner for Enlargement, said that a progress report on the opening of negotiations would be published by the EC in the spring of 2013.[41]

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On 19 April 2013, the governments of Kosovo and Serbia completed the Brussels Agreement, which was hailed as a major step towards normalising relations,[42]

enabling the start of EU entry talks with Serbia.[43] On June 28, 2013 the European Council endorsed the Council of Ministers conclusions and recommendations

to open accession negotiations with Serbia, and announced that they would commence by January 2014 at the latest.[7][8] The following day, the Head of the EU

Delegation to Serbia, Vincent Degert, stated that the screening of the acquis had commenced.[44] Screening of the acquis started on 25 September 2013.[45]

In December 2013 the Council of the European Union approved opening negotiations on Serbia's accession in January 2014,[9] and the European Council endorsed
the start of negotiations several days later.[46][47] The first Intergovernmental Conference was held on 21 January at the European Council in Brussels. Serbia was
represented by Prime Minister Ivica Dačić and his first deputy Aleksandar Vučić, while the EU was represented by their Enlargement Commissioner Štefan Füle
and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece Evangelos Venizelos.[10]

Negotiation progress

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Acquis chapter EC assessment at start EC Assessment in EC Assessment in Screening Screening Chapter Chapter
2015[48] 2016[49] started[50] completed[50] opened closed
1. Free Movement of Goods 2014-09-12
2. Freedom of Movement For Workers Further efforts needed Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-06-17 2014-03-25 – –
3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To 2014-03-13 – –
Provide Services Further efforts needed Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-01-23 2014-12-15
4. Free Movement of Capital 2014-05-13
5. Public Procurement Further efforts needed Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-01-30 2015-02-05 ––
6. Company Law
Further efforts needed Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-10-13 2014-11-13 ––
7. Intellectual Property Law Further efforts needed 2014-11-05 2016-12-13 –
8. Competition Policy No major difficulties Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-03-21 2015-03-17
9. Financial Services expected 2014-07-02
10. Information Society & Media Good level of Good level of 2014-12-11 2014-09-16 -–
11. Agriculture & Rural Development Further efforts needed preparation preparation
12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary 2014-10-24
Policy Further efforts needed Good level of Good level of 2014-09-24 2017-07-01 –
13. Fisheries Further efforts needed preparation preparation 2014-11-14
Further efforts needed ––
14. Transport Policy Considerable efforts Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-03-31 2015-02-27 ––
15. Energy needed 2014-06-12
16. Taxation Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2015-01-21 2015-03-06 –

17. Economic & Monetary Policy Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-05-22 2015-03-12 ––

18. Statistics Early stage Some level of 2014-03-18 2014-11-26
19. Social Policy & Employment preparation 2014-06-26
20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy 2014-07-02
21. Trans-European Networks Further efforts needed Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-02-03 2015-02-27 ––
22. Regional Policy & Coordination of 2015-01-29
No major difficulties Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-09-30 ––
expected
Moderately prepared Good level of 2014-12-16 ––
Further efforts needed preparation ––
––
Further efforts needed Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-04-29
No major difficulties
expected Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-10-14
No major difficulties
expected Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-12-02 ––
No major difficulties
expected Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-05-20 ––
Further efforts needed Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-02-10 ––
No major difficulties Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-04-03 2017-02-27 –
expected Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-04-29 ––
Further efforts needed Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-10-01 ––
Further efforts needed

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Structural Instruments Considerable efforts Some level of Some level of 2013-09-25 2013-12-10 2016-07-18 –
23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights needed preparation preparation
2013-12-13 2016-07-18 –
24. Justice, Freedom & Security Considerable efforts Some level of Some level of 2013-10-02
needed preparation preparation 2014-12-01 2016-12-13 2016-12-13
25. Science & Research
No major difficulties Good level of Good level of 2014-10-06 2014-04-04 2017-02-27 2017-02-27
26. Education & Culture expected preparation preparation
2014-11-21 ––
27. Environment No major difficulties Good level of Good level of 2014-02-20 2015-02-04 ––
28. Consumer & Health Protection expected preparation preparation 2014-06-04 2017-07-01 –
29. Customs Union
Totally incompatible Early stage Some level of 2014-09-15 2014-10-09 -–
30. External Relations with acquis preparation
2014-10-10 ––
31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy Further efforts needed Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-12-04
2013-11-26 2015-12-14 –
32. Financial Control No major difficulties Moderately prepared Good level of 2014-03-26
expected preparation 2015-03-24 ––
33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions – ––
34. Institutions No major difficulties Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-07-02 2015-03-25 2015-12-14 –
35. Other Issues: Relations with Kosovo* expected 34 out of 34 8 out of 34 2 out of 34
Progress Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2014-07-15
No major difficulties
expected Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 2013-10-17

Considerable efforts Early stage Early stage 2015-01-27
needed
Nothing to adopt Nothing to adopt –
No major difficulties Moderately prepared Limited Progress 2014-01-22
expected 34 out of 34

Nothing to adopt

Further efforts needed

Stabilisation and Association Agreement

Kosovo's provisional government unilaterally declared independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008. This was followed by most EU countries recognising
Kosovo as an independent country. These events heavily influenced the Serbian political landscape. The central topic on which the coalition partners diverged was
Serbia's EU accession.

On 7 November 2007, Serbia initialed a Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) with the European Union, agreeing on the final version of the text to
which no or little changes are to be made. This was the step immediately preceding the official signing that was expected to take place in 2008 and was a milestone
in Serbia's accession negotiations. It was executed following the advice of chief war crimes prosecutor Carla Del Ponte, who advised the EU that the country was

hcttopsm://epnl.wyiiknipgedaiad.oergq/wuiakit/eAlcyceswsiointh_oft_hSeerbtirai_btou_nthae_lEburuotpeRana_UtknoionMladić must be in The Hague prior to any official signing being able to 7/20

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complying adequately with the tribunal but Ratko Mladić must be in The Hague prior to any official signing being able to

take place.[1] Mladić was subsequently arrested on 26 May 2011, and has since been extradited to the International

Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia to stand trial.[2] On 20 July, Goran Hadžić became the last indicted fugitive to

be arrested.[3]

On 4 April 2008, Serbian Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica, supported by Velimir Ilić, Minister of Infrastructure, stated Central bank of Serbia implemented a
that EU membership was no longer on the agenda for Serbia. Koštunica said that before EU accession continuation Serbia mechanism to reach the same
and the EU must discuss the matter of borders and Serbia's territorial integrity.[51] He said that Serbia must by no means monetary policy as the rest of EU
sign the Stabilisation and Association Agreement and referred to the agreement as “Solana's agreement”.[52][53][54] countries.

At the same time President Boris Tadić said that the Vienna Convention allows him to sign the agreement and that he will
sign it if it is offered.[55] Božidar Đelić, Deputy Prime Minister, had previously been authorised by the Government to sign
the agreement and was still willing to do so,[56] which he did on 29 April 2008. The ceremony in Luxembourg was attended
by President Boris Tadić and Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić.[16]

On 1 May Koštunica said that Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov was right when he said that the SAA should have been signed but one day later on 2 May
2008 he vowed to annul the agreement after the election, calling it “a trick”, “Solana's agreement” and “the Tadić-Đelić SAA signature”.[17][18]

After the Serbian parliamentary election of 2008, a new parliamentary majority and government was formed, and the SAA opposition was left without political
power. The new Serbian Prime Minister, Mirko Cvetković, announced "One of the first moves of the new government will be to submit the Stabilisation and
Association Agreement with the European Union to the parliament for ratification"[19] and on 9 September 2008 the Parliament of Serbia ratified the Stabilisation
and Association Agreement (SAA) with the EU. The European Commission (EC) subsequently welcomed the ratification of the agreement.[57]

On 15 September 2008, the Netherlands froze the trade related part of a pre-accession deal (SAA) with Serbia.[26]

On 16 October 2008, the Serbian government unilaterally decided to begin implementing the Interim Trade agreement with the EU starting 1 January 2009.[58][59]

After setbacks in the political field, on 7 December 2009 the EU unfroze the trade agreement with Serbia[4] and the Schengen countries dropped the visa
requirement for Serbian citizens on 19 December 2009.[5]

By August 2012, all EU member states except Lithuania had ratified Serbia's SAA agreement.[60] Danas has reported that the delay was in part due to the election
of Vuk Jeremić, former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Serbia, as President of the United Nations General Assembly in June 2012 ahead of Dalius Čekuolis,

Lithuania's Permanent Representative to the United Nations.[61] The cancellation of a deal by a Lithuanian company to privatise the Serbian brewery Beogradska

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Industrija Piva has also been suggested as a major impediment to agreement's ratification.[62]

In March 2013, Serbia's Assistant Foreign Minister Ljubica Vasić reported that the Lithuanian parliament planned to debate the ratification of Serbia's SAA in their
spring session.[63] Linas Linkevičius, Lithuania's Minister of Foreign Affairs, acknowledged the tense relations between the two countries, but said that ratification
of the SAA was “underway” and that “Our government has already given its consent. It is parliament's turn now. I have spoken personally with leaders in
parliament and they are planning on putting the issue on the agenda in accordance with the rules of procedure. They are not planning on artificially stopping the
process.”[64] Following a meeting with Lithuania's Prime Minister Algirdas Butkevičius in April 2013, Dačić stated that he expected the agreement to be ratified as
soon as possible, and that the issues which had prevented ratification should be put behind the two countries.[62] The Lithuanian Seimas subsequently ratified the
SAA on 18 June 2013,[65] and the agreement entered into force on 1 September 2013.[66]

Summary of ratification process

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Event Macedonia [67] Croatia [68] Albania [69] Montenegro [70][Note 1] Bosnia and Serbia [73][Note 2] Kosovo* [74][Note 3]
Herzegovina [72]

SAA negotiations start 2000-04-05 2000-11-24 2003-01-31 2005-10-10 2005-11-25 2005-10-10 2013-10-28[76]

SAA initialled 2000-11-24 2001-05-14 2006-02-28 2007-03-15 2007-12-04 2007-11-07 2014-07-25[77]

SAA/IA signature 2001-04-09 2001-10-29 2006-06-12 2007-10-15 2008-06-16 2008-04-29 2015-10-27[78]

Interim Agreement:

EC ratification 2001-04-27 2002-01-30 2006-06-12 2007-10-15 2008-06-16 2009-12-08 N/A [Note 4]

SAP state ratification 2001-04-27 2002-01-30 2006-10-09 2007-11-14 2008-06-20 2008-09-22 N/A [Note 4]

entry into force 2001-06-01 2002-03-01 2006-12-01 2008-01-01 2008-07-01 2010-02-01 N/A [Note 4]

Deposit of the instrument of ratification:

SAP state 2001-04-27 2002-01-30 2006-11-09 2007-11-13 2009-02-26 2008-09-22 2016-02-26

Austria 2002-09-06 2002-03-15 2008-05-21 2008-07-04 2009-09-04 2011-01-13 N/A

Belgium 2003-12-29 2003-12-17 2008-10-22 2010-03-29 2010-03-29 2012-03-20 N/A

Bulgaria entered the EU later 2008-05-30 2009-03-13 2010-08-12 N/A

Croatia entered the EU later N/A

Cyprus entered the EU later 2008-05-30 2008-11-20 2009-07-02 2010-11-26 N/A

Czech Republic entered the EU later 2008-05-07 2009-02-19 2009-07-23 2011-01-28 N/A

Denmark 2002-04-10 2002-05-08 2008-04-24 2008-06-25 2009-05-26 2011-03-04 N/A

Estonia entered the EU later 2007-10-17 2007-11-22 2008-09-11 2010-08-19 N/A

Finland 2004-01-06 2004-01-06 2007-11-29 2009-03-18 2009-04-07 2011-10-21 N/A

France 2003-06-04 2003-06-04 2009-02-12 2009-07-30 2011-02-10 2012-01-16 N/A

Germany 2002-06-20 2002-10-18 2009-02-19 2009-11-16 2009-08-14 2012-02-24 N/A

Greece 2003-08-27 2003-08-27 2009-02-26 2010-03-04 2010-09-20 2011-03-10 N/A

Hungary entered the EU later 2007-04-23 2008-05-14 2008-10-22 2010-11-16 N/A

Ireland 2002-05-06 2002-05-06 2007-06-11 2009-06-04 2009-06-04 2011-09-29 N/A

Italy 2003-10-30 2004-10-06 2008-01-07 2009-10-13 2010-09-08 2011-01-06 N/A

Latvia entered the EU later 2006-12-19 2008-10-17 2009-11-12 2011-05-30 N/A

Lithuania entered the EU later 2007-05-17 2009-03-04 2009-05-04 2013-06-26 N/A

Luxembourg 2003-07-28 2003-08-01 2007-07-04 2009-06-11 2010-12-22 2011-01-21 N/A

Malta entered the EU later 2008-04-21 2008-12-11 2010-01-07 2010-07-06 N/A

Netherlands 2002-09-09 2004-04-30 2007-12-10 2009-01-29 2009-09-30 2012-02-27 N/A

Poland entered the EU later 2007-04-14 2009-02-06 2010-04-07 2012-01-13 N/A

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Portugal 2003-07-14 2003-07-14 2008-07-11 2008-09-23 2009-06-29 2011-03-04 N/A
Romania entered the EU later 2009-01-15 2010-01-08 2012-05-22 N/A
Slovakia 2008-07-29 2009-03-17 2010-11-11 N/A
Slovenia entered the EU later 2007-07-20 2008-02-07 2009-03-10 2010-12-07 N/A
Spain entered the EU later 2007-01-18 2009-03-12 2010-06-15 2010-06-21 N/A
Sweden 2002-10-04 2002-10-04 2007-05-03 2009-03-11 2009-09-14 2011-04-15 N/A
United Kingdom 2002-06-25 2003-03-27 2007-03-21 2010-01-12 2010-04-20 2011-08-11 N/A
European Communities or 2002-12-17 2004-09-03 2007-10-16
European Union and Euratom 2010-03-29 2015-04-30 2013-07-22 2016-02-24 [Note 5]
SAA entry into force 2004-02-25 2004-12-21 2009-02-26
2010-05-01 2015-06-01 2013-09-01 2016-04-01[82]
EU membership (SAA lapsed) 2004-04-01 2005-02-01 2009-04-01 (?) (?) (?) (?)
(?) 2013-07-01 (?)

Notes

(brackets): earliest possible date
N/A: Not applicable.

1. Montenegro started negotiations in November 2005 while a part of Serbia and Montenegro (SiM). Separate technical negotiations were conducted regarding issues of sub-
state organizational competency. A mandate for direct negotiations with Montenegro was established in July 2006. Direct negotiations were initiated on 26 September 2006
and concluded on 1 December 2006.[71]

2. Serbia started negotiations in November 2005 while part of SiM, with a modified mandate from July 2006.
3. Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia. The Republic of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on 17

February 2008, but Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory. The two governments began to normalise relations in 2013, as part of the Brussels
Agreement. Kosovo has received formal recognition as an independent state from 111 out of 193 United Nations member states. The European Union remains divided on its
policy towards Kosovo, with five EU member states not recognizing its independence. The EU launched a Stabilisation Tracking Mechanism for Kosovo on 6 November
2002 with the aim of aligning its policy with EU standards. On 10 October 2012 the European Commission found that there were no legal obstacles to Kosovo signing a SAA
with the EU, as independence is not required for such an agreement.[75]
4. No Interim Agreement associated with Kosovo's SAA was concluded.[79]
5. Kosovo's SAA was the first signed after the entry into force of the Lisbon treaty, which conferred a legal personality to the EU. As a result, unlike previous SAAs Kosovo's is
exclusively between it and the EU and Euratom, and the member states are not parties independently.[76][80][81]

Visa liberalisation process

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On 1 January 2008 the visa facilitation and readmission agreements between Serbia and the EU entered into force.[83] Serbia received a road map from the EU for

visa liberalisation on 7 May 2008[83] and was added to the list of visa exempt nationals on 19 December 2009, allowing their citizens to enter the Schengen Area,

Bulgaria, Cyprus and Romania without a visa when traveling with biometric passports.[84]

Public opinion

Serbian government's Office for EU Integration data

Date Question Yes No Undecided

December 2003[85] Join EU? 72%  %  %

June 2008[86] Join EU? 67% 12% 21%

October 2008[86] Join EU? 65%  %  %

December 2009[86] Join EU? 65%  %  %

June 2010[87][88] Join EU? 65%  %  %

November 2010[89] Join EU? 63%  %  %

December 2010[85][86] Join EU? 57% 18% 20%

May 2011[86] Join EU? 55%  %  %

June 2011[90][91] Join EU? 53% 24% 23%

October 2011[92][93] Join EU? 46% 37% 17%

January 2012[94][95][96] Join EU? 51% 28% 21%

Other sources

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Date Agency Question Yes No Undecided

2006[97] Gallup Balkan Monitor Join EU? 61%  %  %

October 2008[98] Strategic Marketing Join EU? 61%  %  %

November 2010[99] Gallup Balkan Monitor Join EU? 44%  %  %

March 2012[100] B92/Ipsos Strategic Marketing Join EU? 49% 34% 5%

July 2013[101] Ipsos Strategic Marketing Join EU? 53%  %  %

December 2014[102] EU Delegation to Serbia Join EU? 57% 28% 15%

December 2014[103] Eurobarometer Join EU? 58% 26% 16%

Key events in Serbia accession to EU

1998: Regional Approach. The EU Council of Ministers establishes political and economic conditionality for the development of bilateral relations.
1999: The EU proposes the new Stabilisation and Association Process (SAP) for five countries of Southeastern Europe, including Serbia.
2000 Oct-5: Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević.
2000 Nov: Serbia to benefit from Autonomous Trade Preferences from the EU.
2001: First year of the new CARDS programme specifically designed for the SAP countries.
2001 Jun: Feira European Council states that all the SAP countries are "potential candidates" for EU membership.
2001 Jul: Start of the EU-FRY Consultative Task Force.
2002 Mar: Signature of the Belgrade Agreement on a State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.
2003 Jun: At Thessaloniki Summit, the SAP is confirmed as the EU policy for the Western Balkans. The EU perspective for these countries is confirmed.
2003 Jul: EU Enhanced Permanent Dialogue with Serbia and Montenegro replaces the format of the Consultative Task Force
2004 Jun: Council decision on the European Partnership for Serbia and Montenegro, updated in January 2006.[104]
2004 Oct: Council conclusions open up a process for a Stabilisation and Association Agreement.
2005 Oct: Negotiations for a Stabilisation and Association Agreement are launched.[105]
2006-May-3: SAA negotiations called off due to lack of progress on cooperation with the ICTY.[106]
2006-May-21: Montenegro declares independence.[107]
2006-Jun-15: The Government of Serbia officially recognises Montenegro as an independent state.[108]
2006 Jun: Following the declaration of independence of Montenegro, Serbia becomes the legal successor to the State Union.[109]
2006 Oct: Parliament of Serbia adopts a new Constitution, which is confirmed by referendum.[110]
2007-June-13: SAA negotiations with Serbia resumed, following a clear commitment by the country to achieve full cooperation with the ICTY.[111]
2007-Nov-01: Serbia's SAA is initialed.[112]
2008-Jan-01: Entry into force of the Visa Facilitation and Readmission Agreement between Serbia and the EU.[113]

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2008-Feb-17: Assembly of Kosovo declares independence.[114]
2008-Feb-18: Council of the EU - Decision on the principles, priorities and conditions contained in the European Partnership with Serbia including
Kosovo.[115]
2008-Apr-29: Serbia's SAA and Interim Agreement (IA) are signed in Luxembourg.
2008-May-07: Commissioner Barrot hands over the Road Map on Visa Liberalisation, set up with the aim of achieving a visa-free regime for Serbian
citizens wishing to travel to Schengen countries.[116]
2008-July-21: War crime indictee Radovan Karadžić is arrested.[117]
2008-Sep-09: SAA and IA ratified by National Assembly of Serbia.
2008-Sep-15: Netherlands freezes SAA and trade part of SAA.[58]
2008-Oct-16: Serbian government unilaterally decided to begin with implementation of trade part of Interim Trade agreement with EU starting 1 January
2009.[58][59]
2009-Jan-01: Serbia implements Interim Trade Agreement with the EU.[58][59]
2009-Nov-30: European Commission decides to put Serbia on White Schengen list.
2009-Dec-07: European Commission decides to implement Interim Trade agreement with Serbia.
2009-Dec-19: Visa-free regime for Serbia is put into force.
2009-Dec-22: Serbia officially applies for membership in the European Union.
2010-Feb-01: Interim agreement entry into force.
2010-Jun-14: European Commission decides to start ratification of SAA.
2010-Oct-25: Council of the EU forwards Serbia's application for EU membership to the European commission.[118]
2010-Nov-24: European Commission presents Legislative questionnaire to applicant; the questionnaire contains 2,483 questions and subquestions.
2011-Jan-19: European Parliament ratifies Serbia's SAA.
2011-Jan-31: Serbia responds to EU questionnaire.
2011-May-26: War fugitive Ratko Mladić arrested in Lazarevo in Northern Serbia.
2011-May-31: Former Bosnian Serb army chief Ratko Mladić is extradited to the UN's International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in
The Hague.[119]
2011-July-20: War fugitive Goran Hadžić, the last fugitive indicted by the ICTY, is arrested,[3] signaling the final hurdle to Serbia's candidate status.[120]
2011-July-22: Former Croatian Serbs army chief Goran Hadžić is extradited to the UN's International Criminal Tribunal.[121]
2011-Oct-12: European Commission has recommended that Serbia should be granted an official EU candidate status.
2012-Mar-01: European Council grants Serbia official candidate status for EU membership.
2013-Apr-22: European Commission has recommended that a target date for the beginning of accession negotiations with Serbia should be determined.[122]
2013-Jun-28: European Council endorsed the Council of Ministers recommendation to open accession negotiations with Serbia, and announced that they
would commence by January 2014 at the latest.[123]
2013-Sep-01: SAA entered into force.
2013-Sep-03: Tanja Miščević appointed chief negotiator with the EU.[124]
2013-Sep-25: Screening of the acquis started.
2013-Dec-17: Council approves starting negotiations in January 2014.

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2013-Dec-20: European Council endorses the start of negotiations.
2014-Jan-21: Membership negotiations started.[10]
2015-Mar-25: All EU acquis screenings are completed.
2015-Oct-13: EC, EEAS recommend opening of accession chapters for Serbia [125]
2015-Dec-3: EP rapporteur recommends opening chapters by end of 2015.
2015-Dec-14: Two chapters are opened.
2016-Jan-28: EU Foreign affairs committee adopts Resolution on Serbia calling for opening chapters 23 and 24 by end of June 2016.[126]

2016-Mar-15: EU invites Serbia to open chapters 14 and 21.[127]
2016-Jul-18: Two chapters are opened.
2016-Dec-13: Two chapters are opened and one closed.
2017-Feb-27: Two chapters are opened and one closed.

Impact of Joining

Member countries Population Area (km²) GDP GDP Languages
(billion US$) per capita (US$)

Serbia 7,186,862 88,361 46.7 5,906 Serbian

EU28 507,890,191 4,381,376 17,267 33,998 24

EU28+1 515,077,053 4,469,737 17,310.7 33,019 25
(+1.42%) (+2.02%) (+0.25%) (−0.12%)

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Further reading

Radojičić, Mirjana S. (2015). "Evropska unija i Kosovsko pitanje - međunarodno-etička perspektiva". Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Prištini. 45
(1): 167–184. doi:10.5937/zrffp45-7157 (https://doi.org/10.5937%2Fzrffp45-7157).
Samardžić, Slobodan (2009). Samardžić, Slobodan, ed. "The Kosovo-Metohija problem from the European integrations angle". Serbia in the European
Union Association Process, Službeni glasnik: 193–238.
Jovanović Nadica, Gardašević Jovana, Vapa-Tankosić Jelena (2015). "Strategija procesa proširenja Evropske unije i društveno-ekonomski efekti integracije
Republike Srbije". Poslovna ekonomija. 9 (2): 191–212.
Gajić, Tamara (2015). "Ulazak Srbije u EU, civilno društvo i politička kultura". Politikon. 10: 119–131.

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External links

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia (http://www.mfa.rs/)
The EU integration Office (http://www.seio.gov.rs/home.50.html)
War crimes, conditionality and EU integration in the Western Balkans (https://web.archive.org/web/20091223124202/http://www.iss.europa.eu/nc/actualites/
actualite/article/war-crimes-conditionality-and-eu-integration-in-the-western-balkans/), by Vojin Dimitrijević, Florence Hartmann, Dejan Jović, Tija
Memišević, edited by Judy Batt, Jelena Obradović, Chaillot Paper No. 116, June 2009, European Union Institute for Security Studies

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