SOLAR OVEN CHALLENGE

PRANAVANESSHAN RAJAPUBATHY
060223-05-0377

VINESH SELVENDRAN
060111-14-3691

SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN KOTA
KEMUNING.

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TABLE OF CONTENT
No Content Page

1 ABSTRACT 3

2 INTRODUCTION 4-5

3 APPLICATION OF SCIENCE CONCEPT 5-6

4 THE SELECTION OF DESIGN AND AJUSTMENTS 6-8

5 BUILDING PROCESS 9-14

6 IMPROVISATION 14-15

7 THE TEST RECORS AND THE FINAL RESULTS 15-18

8 CONCLUSION 19

9 REFFRENCE 20

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SOLAR OVEN
BY:

VINESH SELVENDRAN
PRANAVANESSHAN RAJAPUBATHY

SEK.MEN.KEB. KOTA KEMUNING.

ABSTRACT

This project aims to design and build a solar oven that has the characteristics of green
technology and can produce higher heat for cooking purposes. This project uses a free,
renewable energy source and does not pollute the environment. The basic principles used for
this solar oven are to concentrate the energy of sunlight, generate stronger thermal energy,
store and retain heat energy longer in the solar oven. The hypothesis of this project is the more
concentrated the thermal heat in the solar oven the higher the temperature of the water. The
method of this project is started with the study and research. From the literature study, one of
the designs is chosen, construction is started and Improvisation is made. Testing, recording,
analyzing were conducted to prove that the product is functioning and successful. The result of
all testing has been recorded into a proper table. In the conclusion, a higher thermal
concentrated solar oven had been successfully produced with high final temperature readings.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND
This project is about the design and construction process of solar oven. It more focus to the
suitability of medium to increase the sunlight heat for cooking's energy source. The reason for
choosing this project is to support the growing green product at present, because of the use of
other energy sources that will cause pollution to the environment.
Solar energy is free energy and does not produce pollution, safe and user friendly. It does not
require high cost. In Malaysia, the use of solar oven is best suited for outdoor activities such as
camping replacing wood that could pose a threat to fire and could reduce carbon dioxide
emissions to the environment

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Currently, people use fuel such as wood, coal and natural gas as the primary medium for
cooking. Where this fuel consumption will run out as its usage which is already maximum.
Besides, it takes a long time to be produced naturally, as well as the price of this fuel source will
increase as it is difficult to obtain. Apart from that, the use of these fuels may cause air pollution
problems resulting from smokes. As we know, solar energy is available everywhere in Malaysia
and it is safe, inexpensive and non-hazardous to humans and the environment and also could
conserve the environment.

1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
There are six objectives should be achieved at the end of this study.

a. To design and construct a solar oven that has the characteristics of green technology
that can produce higher heat for cooking purposes.

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b. To test and identify a good design that can increase theinternal temperature of a solar
oven.

c. Enhance creativity, competitive thinking, and challenge to try something new and
creative, and innovative.

d. Cultivate the spirit of cooperation and teamwork among students.
e. Provide an opportunity for students to communicate and interact effectively.

2.0 APPLICATION OF SCIENCE CONCEPT
2.1 SCIENCE CONCEPT
We used some science concepts in this challenge, such as conduction, convection, radiation,
greenhouse effect, absorption, retention and energy conversion.
2.1.1 CONDUCTION

Conduction is the transfer of heat between substances that are in direct contact with
each other. The better the conductor, the more rapidly heat will be transferred. Metal pot
that used in our solar oven is a good conduction of heat. Conduction occurs when the
pot is heated, then particles will gain more energy to heat the water.

2.1.2 CONVECTION
Thermal energy is transferred from hot places to cold places by convection. Convection
occurs when warmer areas of a liquid or gas in the pot / oven rises to cooler areas in the
liquid or gas. Cooler liquid or gas in the pot / oven then takes the place of the warmer
areas which have risen higher.

2.1.3 ABSORPTION
Absorption of the sun's energy (heat) using solar oven is best achieved when a surface
is dark in color, thus the solar cooker interiors we made is black in color as well as the
color of the cookware used for cooking the food.

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2.1.4 SOLAR RADIATION
Solar radiation, often called the solar resource or just sunlight, is a general term for the
electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun. Solar radiation can be captured and turned
into useful forms of energy, such as heat and electricity, using a variety of technologies.
This is the most important proses in order to use our solar oven. Without sunlight we
wouldn’t be able to heat up the water and cook the egg.

3.0 THE SELECTION OF DESIGN AND AJUSTMENTS
3.1 COLOUR

White and black stand at opposite ends of the colour spectrum. White objects reflect all
visible wavelengths of light, while black object absorb all visible wavelengths. As a
result, these two colours attracts the least and the most heat, respectively. However,
even white objects attract heat by way of infracted light. Therefore, our outer part of the
solar oven is painted black and the inner part of the oven is wrapped with aluminium foil
and aluminium sheet which is a silvery color as shown in picture 1.0 and picture 1.1
below.

Picture 1.0 Picture 1.1

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3.2 MATERIALS
The materials used to make a solar oven.

Aluminium Foil
Aluminium Sheet
Cutter / Scissors
Double-Sided-Tape
Spray Paint (Black)
Cellophane tape
Measuring tape
Cardboard

As shown in picture 1.2, we used the cardboard to build the solar oven. The carboard also act
as the insulator that can absorb heat efficiently in our project. Aluminium foil and aluminium
sheet are used because it reflects the sunlight. On the other hand, double-sided-tape and
cellophane tape helps us to stick the aluminium foil and sheet to the cardboard. The measuring
tape, cutter and scissors is used to cut the cardboard and both the aluminiums accurately to
avoid wrong measurements.

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3.3 DESIGN OF PRODUCT

3.4 THE MEASUREMENTS OF SOLAR OVEN
Length: 23 cm
Height: 42 cm
Width: 30 cm

3.5 SHAPE
As shown in picture 1.3 and picture 1.4, we planned to use a rectangular-shaped cardboard
(box) to build the main structure of the oven. This is because, the rectangular cardboard has the
shape of real ovens

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4.0 BUILDING PROCESS

4.1 THE USAGE OF 3R MATERIALS
4.1.1 Reuse
Reuse is the action or practice of using an item, whether for its original purpose or to
fulfil a different function. The example of “reuse” in our project is the use of newspaper.
As shown in the picture 1.1, we use newspapers to cover the areas which are wrapped
with the the aluminium foil and aluminium sheet. This is because, we just want the
surface of the outer part of the oven to be painted black.

4.1.2 Recycle
Recycle is a process of converting waste into reusable material. As shown in picture 1.5,
we use the old carboard to build the structure of the solar oven.

Picture 1.5
4.1.3 Reduce
Reducing means choosing to use things with care to reduce the amount of waste
generate. We tried to reduce the usage of plastic in this project. In fact, we didn’t use
any product made out of plastics.

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4.2 BUILDING THE SOLAR OVEN
Step 1
Firstly, we use measuring tape to measure the length of the box which will be used to make the
solar oven on the aluminium sheet and the aluminium foil. Then, cut it accurately based on the
length.

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Step 2
We have used cellophane tape to cover the corners of the box to make a rectangle-shaped box.

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Step 3
Measuring tape and ruler is required to measure the length of the inner corners of the box and
cut the aluminum sheet and aluminium foil accurately to wrap/fit the inner part of the box
perfectly. Then, use a cutter/scissors to cut the measured sheet and foil neatly.

Step 4
We have used a double-sided tape to attach the box and the foil together at the inner part of the
box and the flaps.

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Step 5
Finally, we have used a black spray paint to coat the outer part of the solar oven in black. We
cover the inner part of the oven with newspaper before painting.

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Final Product

4.3 IMPROVISATION
We did a few tests with the final product but we were not really satisfied with the result, so we
plan to improvise our product. Besides, the flaps were not very stable.

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As shown in Picture 1.6, we use aluminum foil to stick the flaps together as it was not stable
during the testing process. We use long toothpick to connect the aluminum foil to the flaps.

5.0 TEST RECORDS AND THE FINAL RESULTS

Date / Time 15-Jul-21 3-Aug-21 5-Aug-21 12-Aug-21 13-Aug-21
12.55pm 1.15pm 1.00pm 3.35pm 3.20pm
Test 3 Test 4 Test 5
Test 1 Test 2
(After (After (After
Test (Before (Before Improvisation) Improvisation) Improvisation)

Improvisation) Improvisation) 23.4°C 20.8°C 21.2°C

Initial 21°C 19.7°C 52.5°C 52.8°C 63.6°C
Temperature
29.1°C 32°C 42.4°C
Final 50.3°C 49.2°C
Temperature

Increase 29.3°C 29.5°C
Temperature

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5.1 THE BEST RESULT

Date Time Test Initial Final Increase s
Test 5
Temperature Temperature Temperature

13-Aug-21 3.20pm 21.2°C 63.6°C 42.4°C

1 2 3
500ml of water
Water is poured into the Initial reading of water
container temperature is taken

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456

500ml of Water is heated An egg is placed into the Heating process is continued
under the sun within 30 container after 30 minutes for another 30 minutes
minutes

789

After 60 minutes, take the final the condition of the egg is The percentage of egg that
reading of water temperature observed have been cooked is
evaluated
is recorded.

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5.2 TEMPERTURE OF FINAL READING
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6.0 CONCLUSION
The use of alternative energy or renewable energy is the best method to overcome the problem
of the non-renewable energy crisis. In conclusion, the experiments are successfully proved that
the higher temperature is obtained by the solar oven after Improvisation on the structure of the
oven. The final temperature after the modification was 63.6 ° C, compared to the results of the
previous experiments. These experiments show that modifications to the structure of the
reflectors which are coated with aluminum sheets, widening the surface of the reflector, and
painting the outer surface of the oven with black colour have successfully increased the internal
oven temperature for cooking purposes. Through the use of a combination of these materials,
the internal temperature of the oven has increased and is able to heat the water temperature, in
addition to being able to cook eggs in 30 minutes. The hypothesis of this project has been
achieved. The project has developed many new skills on the application of science and
technology.

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7.0 REFFRENCES
Blake Flounoy (2018). What Colors Attract Heat?. Diambil daripada

https://sciencing.com/colors-attract-heat-8715744.html

Katie Tonarely (2008). Why Is Aluminum Foil a Better Insulator Than Cotton or Paper?.
Diambil daripada https://www.hunker.com/13416236/why-is-aluminum-foil-a-
better-insulator-than-cotton-or-paper

Maznah binti Omar, Jariah binti Khalib,Badariah bt Hamzah, Shamsulikram bin Abdul Hamid.
Focus PT3, Form 2, Sciene KSSM, 155-175. Diterbitkan oleh Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Ng Chee Kin, Gan Wan Yeat. Success Science PT3 Forms 1,2 & 3 KSSM, Form 2, Chapter 9.
280-291. Diterbit kan oleh Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd.

Veolia.(2021). Find out ways to reduce, reuse and recycle materials in Nottinghamshire.
Diambil daripada https://www.veolia.co.uk/nottinghamshire/recycling/recycle-
nottinghamshire/3rs-reduce-reuse-and-recycle

Wikipedia, free encyclopedia. (2021).Solar cooker. Diambil daripada
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cooker

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