Nursing process = problem-solving process includes : 1. assessment, 2. analysis and diagnosis, 3. planning, 4. implementation, 5. evaluation; 6. has proven to be effective to manage the complex decisions.
1.Gather information about the situation 2.Identify the problem; separate the symptoms 3.Identify people and groups involved 4.Identify cultural and environmental factors 5.Encourage input from involved parties
ANALYSIS AND DIAGNOSIS 1. Analyze results of information gathered 2. Identify, clarify, and prioritize the actual problem (s) 3. Determine if intervention is appropriate
PLANNING 1. Identify as many solutions as possible 2. Elicit participation from people or groups affected 3. Review options and consider safety, efficiency, costs, quality, and legal issues 4. Consider positive and negative outcomes 5. Remain open-minded and flexible when considering options
IMPLEMENTING 1. Communicate plans to everyone affected 2. Be sure plans, goals, and objectives are clearly identified 3. Maintain open, two-way communication with staff 4. Support and encourage compliance among all staff
EVALUATION 1. Identify evaluation criteria in the planning 2. Identify who is responsible for evaluation, what will be measured, and when it will take place 3. Maintain open communication with all involved 4. Was the decision successful? 5. What might have made it better?
The nurse - change agent • is responsible for guiding people • through the change process and needs • to develop an understanding about the nature of change and effective change strategies. 1. Change should be implemented only for good reason. 2. Change should always be planned and implemented gradually. 3. Change should never be unexpected or abrupt.
1. All people who may be affected by the change should be involved in planning for the change. 2. The most important responsibility for the nurse in any leadership or management 3. Role is to create an environment of caring - caring for staff members as well as for patients and families. 4. Staff members who believe that their manager sincerely cares about them and the work they do are able to pass that feeling of caring on to their patients and other customers.
Caring for the staff members can be demonstrated through (McNeeseSmith, 1997): 1. Offering sincere positive recognition for both individuals and teams. 2. Praising and giving thanks for a job well done. 3. Spending time with staff members to reinforce positive work behaviors. 4. Meeting the staff member's personal needs whenever possible, such as accommodating scheduling needs for family events and being flexible in times of illness. 5. Providing guidance and support for professional and personal growth. 6. Maintaining a positive, confident attitude and a pleasant work environment.
LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT SKILLS AND BEHAVIORS Hersey and Blanchard (1988) have identified that effective leadership and management requires skills in three major areas: 1. Technical skills—such as clinical expertise and nursing knowledge. 2. Human skills—the ability and judgment to work with people in an effective leadership role. 3. Conceptual skills—the ability to understand the complexities of the overall organization 4. and where one's own area of management fits into the overall organization.