Music of East Asia

8

Music

Quarter 2 – Module 1
East Asian Music

Music - Grade 8

Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 1: East Asian Music
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City
Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

Author/s: Development Team of the Module
Reviewers:
Mary Lailane C. Pelenio
Sherwin A. Cuerdo, EPS I – MAPEH
Julita A. Lauroza MT-I

Illustrator: Joemar P. Valdevilla
Layout Artist:

Management Team

Chairperson: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO IV

Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairpersons: Conniebel C.Nistal ,PhD.
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Pablito B. Altubar
CID - Chief

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8

Music

Quarter 2 – Module 1:
East Asian Music

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Table of Contents

What This Learning Package is About ...............................................................................................i
What I Need to Know..............................................................................................................................ii
How to Learn from this Learning Package .......................................................................................ii
Icons of this Learning Package ...........................................................................................................iii

What I Know........................................................................................................................................... iv

Lesson 1:
(Japanese Music) ..............................................................................................................................

What I Need to Know..................................................................................................1
What’s New Activity 1: Music Appreciation .............................................2
What Is .........................................................................................................3
What’s More Activity 2: Song Analysis .....................................................8
What I Have Learned Activity 3: Explore Japanese Music ......................10
What I Can Do Activity 4: Reflection..........................................................11
Lesson 2:
(Chinese Music)
What I Need to Know ....................................................................................12
What’s New Activity 1: Music Appreciation ............................................ 13
What’s In Activity 2: Picture Analysis ..................................................... 14
What Is It .................................................................................................... 15
What’s More Activity 3: Song Analysis .................................................. 19
What I Have Learned Activity 4: Explore Japanese Music .................... 20
What I Can Do Activity 5: Reflection ....................................................... 21
Lesson 3:
(Korean Music)
What I Need to Know..................................................................................................22
What’s New Activity 1: Picture Analysis ................................................ 23
What’s In Activity 2: Music Appreciation ............................................... 23
What Is It .................................................................................................... 24
What’s More Activity 3: Song Analysis .................................................. 27
What I Have Learned Activity 4: Explore Korean Music ....................... 27
What I Can Do ............................................................................................ 28
Summary............................................................................................................................ 29
Assessment: (Post-Test).................................................................................................. 31
Key to Answers .................................................................................................................................. 33
References ........................................................................................................................................... 34

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What This Module is About

In this module, you will learn about:
 The prominent features of the vocal and instrumental music of East Asian
Countries (Japan, China, and Korea);
 How the music of East Asian Countries (Japan, China, and Korea) reflect the
different aspects of East Asian culture through its timbre, rhythm, melody,
texture and form/style;
 The different cultural and musical practices of Japan, China and Korea as
expressed through their feelings towards each other, to the environment, their
history and culture.

www.freeworldmaps.net

i

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you as a learner are expected to:
 Listen perceptively to music of East Asia (Japan, China, and Korea);
(MU8SE-IIa-h-2
 Analyzes musical elements of selected songs and instrumental pieces
heard and performed.
(MU8SE-IIc-h-4)

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
1. Carefully read all the lessons.
2. Take your time on going thru each lesson.
3. Answer the pretest honestly; the purpose of the pretest is for you to
determine your prior knowledge before going thru the lessons and
activities.
4. If you have a hard time understanding the lessons and activities,
please do take a break. Having breaks between lessons and activities
will give you some space where you can absorb the lesson well.
5. You can use the internet if you need more information about the
lesson.
6. Contact your subject teacher if you have some questions about the
submission of your output.

ii

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of
What’s In knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through
various activities, before it will be presented
What is It to you

What’s More These are discussions of the activities as a
way to deepen your discovery and under-
What I Have standing of the concept.
Learned
These are follow-up activities that are in-
tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

Activities designed to process what you
have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-
case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

iii

What I Know

Direction: From the pictures of costumes, folk symbols, artworks, scenery and other aspects
of culture of the East Asian countries (Japan, China, and Korea); identify the origin of the
objects. Write your answers on your activity notebook.

https://www.brandsoftheworld.com/logo/yin-yang-0?original=1 https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/463730092875513261/ https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cela/hd_cela.htm

1. 2. 3.

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/503504 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking_opera https://www.hiclipart.com/free-transparent-background-png-clipart-ifsrm

4. 5. 6.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janggu https://all-free-download.com/free-vector/download/paper-cut-butterfly-design-vector_542577.html

7. 8.
iv

https://blockakabuki.weebly.com/kabuki-costumes.html https://www.dhgate.com/product/women-korean-traditional-dress-2017-top-skirt/395876504.html#seo=WAP

9. 10.

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/423831014911227356/ https://comicbook.com/anime/news/dragon-ball-z-jade-shenron-6-inch-pop-figure-in-stock/

11. 12.

https://www.maisondesculturesdumonde.org/node/710 https://www.pinterest.ca/pin/654007177112768235/ https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/AQ6TU0X5zW3Ctikmj2SCNSW1-

c3GSVrJ5TbqmSPVr8tQ1nGtjv60iLs/ 14. 15

13.

v

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Lesson Title of the Lesson

1 Japanese Music

What I Need to Know

https://japanesetradmusic.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_21.html

Through this lesson, you will discover the traditional music of Japan through their
vocal (folk songs) and instrumental music. Japanese vocal music is quite different from the
Western vocal music, and is based on the intervals of human breathing rather than
mathematical timing, and how Japanese musicians show their spiritual self-mastery in
mastering his or her instrument more than simply perfecting a technique of some sort and
how they give value to their performance and composure.

1

What’s New

Activity 1: Music Appreciation
Direction: Listen/Watch to the examples of traditional instrumental and vocal music of
Japan. For you to understand and enjoy this activity, use the guide questions provided.
Japan - First alternative: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KG9efSXLGDw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=8&v=kpELlKI7hMw&feature=emb_logo
Second Alternative: Radio-Based Instruction
Based on the videos or music that you have heard on the radio, answer the guide questions
in your activity notebook:
1. What is your impression about the music you have heard?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. What instruments are used in the music samples? (based your answer in Hornbostel-
Sach Classification of instruments) _______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. What mood of feelings does it express? ___________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. How do the instruments help express the mood of the piece? __________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. Is the song fast, slow or does the tempo vary? ______________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2

What Is It

Japanese music, the art concerned with combining vocal or instrumental sounds for
beauty of form or emotional expression, specifically as it is carried out
in Japan. Korea served as a bridge to Japan for many Chinese musical ideas as well as
exerting influence through its own forms of court music. Also to be considered is the
presence of northern Asian tribal traditions in the form of Ainu culture surviving
on Hokkaido island. However, it should be pointed out that the island isolation of Japan
allowed it to develop its own special characteristics without the intense influences of
the Chinese giant and the Mongols so evident in mainland cultures. Therefore, in the
ensuing discussion all the “foreign” elements are placed in the matrix of traditions and styles
that are characteristically Japanese.
Instrumental Music of Japan

Traditional Japanese music is basically meditative in character. Its performance is
highly ritualized, as much in the music itself, as in the composure of the musicians when
performing it. Japanese chamber and solo music have a slow meditative pace. The
performance of Japanese music has traditionally been of a spiritual character, similarly to
martial arts and other forms of art such as the tea ceremony and calligraphy. It is usually
about religious festivals, work, dance, love, and regional songs.
A. Percussion Instruments (Membranophone)

1. Odaiko – (big drum) the physical
energy and sheer excitement of an
Odaiko performance is an integral part of
many Japanese matsuri (festival).

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/287245282457248183/

3

2. Tsuzumi (hourglass-shaped) – there are two
varieties; the smaller Kotsuzumi and the larger
Otsuzumi. They are used in both Noh and Kabuki
performances. The Kotsuzumi is held on the right
shoulder and the player alters the tone by
squeezing the laces. The Osuzumi is placed on
the left thigh. Like all the other traditional arts in
Japan, there are several schools of
Tsuzumimatsuri festivals.

https://japanophilia.xyz/2018/02/13/wadaiko-japanese-drum/

3. Tsuri-daiko – is a large drum also known
as Gaku-daiko. It is hung on a wooden frame
with legs and is played by two plectrums on
only one side.

http://kitanodaigagakukai.web.fc2.com/gagaku4-e.html

4. Taiko – is a Japanese drum that comes in
various sizes and is used to play a variety of
musical genres. It is essential element of
Japanese festivals and rituals. Drumming has
always been connected with festivals and
religious events and ceremonies at shrines
and temples, with the meaning of both warding
off evils and summoning the deities.

https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/japanese-taiko.html

4

B. String Instruments (Chordophone)

1. Koto – is a 13-stringed zither, about two
metes using picks on the thumb and first
fingers of the right hand, while the left hand
can be used to modify pitch and tone. Koto
is used in an ensemble in Gagaku or as a
solo

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/423831014911227356/

2. Shamisen – is a plucked stringed instrument.
Its construction follows a model similar to that of
a guitar or a banjo, employing a neck, and
strings stretched across a resonating body. The
neck of the Shamisen is fretless, and is slimmer
that of a guitar or a banjo.

https://www.123rf.com/photo_137233804_stock-vector-japanese-shamisen

3. Biwa – is a Japanese short-necked fretted lute,
often used in narrative storytelling. The Biwa is
the chosen instrument of Benten, the goddess of
music, eloquence, poetry, and education in
Japanese Shinto.

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/503504

5

C. Wind Instruments (Aerophone)

1. Shakuhachi – the most famous flute
made from bamboo. It has 4 or 5 finger
holes on the front face and a thumbhole on
the rear face. As with other instruments
above, it was imported from China for
Gagaku.

https://japanophilia.xyz/2018/02/13/shakuhachi/

2. Nokan – a parallel, a bamboo flute
(fue) is the only melodic instrument
used in Noh. The melody of the flute
has no specific pitch relationship with
the melody of the chanting.

https://restaurants-guide.tokyo/column/traditional-musical-instruments-of-japan/

3. Hichiriki – is a double reed Japanese
flute (fue) used as one of the two main
melodic instruments in Japanese Gagaku
music, the other being the Ryuteki.

https://restaurants-guide.tokyo/column/traditional-musical-instruments-of-japan/

4. Sho – is a Japanese free reed musical
instrument that was introduced from China during
the Nara period.

https://musicinjapan.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/6/7/14670924/462159429_orig.jpg?137

6

5. Shinobue – also called Takebue in the
context of Japanese traditional arts, is a
Japanese transverse flute (fue) that has a high-
pitched sound.

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/620089442418922239/

Ryūteki – literally means “dragon
flute”, is a Japanese transverse flute
made of bamboo. It is used in
Gagaku.

https://restaurants-guide.tokyo/column/traditional-musical-instruments-of-japan/

Vocal Music of Japan

The main tone of Japanese music has two modes; the Yo-
sen and the In-sen. Both consist of five primary tones based on a
scale with seven tones. The two remaining tones are considered
as auxiliary tones. The ancient melody of Japanese music is
commonly based on these modes. However, one melody is not
always in one mode alone. The melody of Japanese music
commonly shifts on both modes. They often give emphasis on the
second to fourth tone of the mode.

https://www.123rf.com/photo_49926732_stock-vector-young-woman-wearing-traditional-japanese-kimono.html

Yo-sen Mode

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo_scale

7

In-sen Mode

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Insen_scale_on_C.png

What’s More

Activity 2: Song Analysis
Direction: Sing the Yo-sen scale and the song “Sakura”. Analyze the different musical
elements used.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo_scale#/media/File:Yo_scale_on_D_ascending_&_descending.png

Sakura – Cherry Blossoms is a traditional
Japanese song depicting spring, the
season of Cherry Blossoms.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKTRnO7SV
68

https://livejapan.com/en/article-a0001976/ Sakura Cherry Blossom

Sakura, sakura Cherry blossoms, cherry blossoms
Yayoi no sorawa Across the spring sky
mi-watasukagiri As far as you can see
kasumika kumoka Is it a mist or a clouds?
nioizo izuru Fragrant in the air
izaya zaya Come now, come
mini yukan Let’s look, at last.

8

Answer the following questions:
1. What is the message and function of the song?
2. Describe how the musical elements reflect Japanese Culture? (Copy the table)

Musical Elements Description that reflects Japanese Culture

TIMBRE

DYNAMICS

RHYTHM

MELODY

FORM

9

What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Explore Japanese Music
Direction: Based on what you have learned, fill in the complete information regarding
Japanese Music.

Socio-Historical Musical
Context Instruments

Japanese Music

Functions of Music Vocals
Music

10

What I Can Do

Activity 4: Reflection
3 words, terms or concept you have learned about the lesson.

 ______________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________
2 essential question you want to ask.
 ______________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________
1 essential understand (reflect based on how this lesson change your perception about
Japanese music).
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

11

Lesson Title of the Lesson

2 Chinese Music

What I Need to Know

https://www.visiontimes.com/2019/12/12/music-therapy-in-traditional-chinese-medicine.html

For several thousand years Chinese culture was dominated by the teachings of the
philosopher Confucius, he conceived music in the highest sense as a means of calming the
passion of dispelling of unrest and lust, rather than as a form of amusement. Traditionally
the Chinese have believed that sound influences the harmony of the universe. Significantly,
one of the most important duties of the first emperor of each new dynasty was to search out
and establish that dynasty’s through standard of pitch. A result of this philosophical
orientation was that the Chinese theoretically opposed music performed solely for
entertainment.

This lesson will show you the traditional instrumental and music vocal of China.

12

What’s New

Activity 1: Music Appreciation
Direction: Listen/Watch to the examples of traditional instrumental and vocal music of
China. For you to understand and enjoy this activity, use the guide questions provided.
China: First Alternative: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gq3lc_GSrlI

Second Alternative: Radio-Based Instruction
(Note: Student will choose the available alternative learning modality)
Based on the videos, answer the guide questions in your activity notebook:

1. What is your impression about the music you have heard?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. What mood of feelings does it express? ___________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3. How do the instruments help express the mood of the piece? __________________
___________________________________________________________________

4. Is the song fast, slow or does the tempo vary? ______________________________
___________________________________________________________________

13

What’s In

Activity 2: Picture Analysis

By Ancient Chinese Tomb Painter - http://www.xn--rhtw9vlu4bfqe.tw/EastCapital/viewthread.php?action=printable&tid=2273&sid=B56Pkr, Public Domain,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17862226

1. What will you observe on the given picture?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Is the picture shows similarities with the previous lesson that we have? Explain it.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Do you have an idea on our topic for this lesson?
_________________________________________________________________________

14

What Is It

The music of China dates back to the dawn of Chinese Civilization with documents
and artifacts providing evidence of a well-developed musical culture as early as the Zhou
Dynasty (1122 B.C.E). In ancient China, music was regarded as central to the harmony and
longevity of the state.

Instrumental Music of China
Chinese traditional music is played on solo instruments or in small ensembles or in

small ensembles of plucked and bowed stringed instruments, flutes, and various cymbals,
gongs, and drums.

1. Yueqin – moon-shaped lute with shorter neck and
four strings, played with a spectrum, used for
accompanying local operas.

http://www.china-expats.com/Images/Instruments/YueQin.htm

2. Pipa – four-stringed lute with 30 frets and a
pear-shaped body. This instrument has an
extremely wide dynamic range and remarkable
expressive power.

By This file was donated to Wikimedia Commons as part of a project by the Metropolitan Museum of Art. See the Image and Data Resources Open Access Policy, CC0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=57858544

15

3. Erhu – two-stringed fiddle and one of the most
popular Chinese instruments. It is used as a solo
instrument as well as in small ensembles or large
orchestra, and by various ethnic groups.

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/AQ6TU0X5zW3Ctikmj2SCNSW1-c3GSVrJ5TbqmSPVr8tQ1nGtjv60iLs/

https://www.britannica.com/art/yunluo 4. Yunluo – literally “cloud gongs” or “cloud of
gongs”, is a set of ten small gongs mounted in
a wooden frame. The Yunluo’s gongs are
generally of equal diameter but different
thickness. The thicker gongs produce a higher
pitch.

5. Sheng – or Chinese mouth organ, looks like
a set of panpipes,with 12 to 36 bamboo pipes.
Each pipe is of different length with a brass
reed at the bottom and a hole that must be
blocked in order for the note to sound. This
makes it possible to sound several notes
simultaneously, so chords and melody can be
performed at the same time. Sheng is one of
the oldest Chinese musical instruments.

https://www.britannica.com/art/sheng-musical-instrument

16

6. Dizi – is the traditional Chinese flute. It can have a
membrane over an extra hole to give the characteristic rattle
effect. The player plays the Dizi by blowing across the
mouthpiece and produces the different notes by stopping the
six holes found in the rod.

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/480759328944639812/

http://andrewsalamanca.com/2016/05/gu-zheng/

7. Zheng – an ancient Chinese instrument that has an
arched surface and elongated-trapezoid with 13 to 21
stretched over individual bridges. It’s playing range
spans three to four octaves.

8. Penling – these are two small bells made of
high-tin bronze, without internal clappers, and
hemispheric or bottomless gourd-like in shape.
The instrument has a delicate, clarion and
melodious tone. It is a coloring rhythmic
instrument, either in ensembles or in theater
music, bringing an effect of peaceful dreams.

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/140174607123877643/

17

Vocal Music in China
Chinese Vocal Music has traditionally been sung in a thin, non-resonant voice or in falsetto
and is usually solo rather than choral. All traditional Chinese music is melodic rather than
harmonic. Chinese vocal music probably developed from sung poems and verses
accompanied by music.
1. Mo Li Hua – is a traditional Chinese song with a beautifully gentle and lyrical melody. The
lyrics about the jasmine flower also turn it into a love song. The song describes a custom of
giving Jasmine flowers, popular in the southern Yangtze region of China. Another version
describes the fear of plucking the flower.

By Asoer - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14666682

Mo Li Hua (English Translation)
What a beautiful jasmine flower
What a beautiful jasmine flower
Sweet-smelling, beautiful, stems full of buds
Fragrant and white, every praises

Let me pluck you down
Give to someone’s family

18

Melody and tone color are prominent expressive features of Chines music and great
emphasis is given to the proper articulation and inflection of each musical tone. Most
Chinese music is based on the 5 tone or the Pentatonic Scale though heptatonic scale is
also used.

Play the pentatonic scale (do-re-mi-so-la) on the piano keyboard, lyre or guitar. Hum
the pentatonic scale using “loo”.

https://m.basicmusictheory.com/c-major-pentatonic-scale

What’s More

Activity 3: Song Analysis
Direction: First Alternative: Listen to Mo Li Hua https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9S41_Veb3LA

Second Alternative: Listen to Mo Li Hua on the Radio
Process Questions:
1. What is the message of the song?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Describe how the musical elements and instrumental pieces reflect Chinese culture?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Is there a Filipino song that portrays similar meaning? Explain the similarities and why?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

19

4. Describe the folk song through the use of its musical elements.

Musical Elements Description that reflects Chinese Culture

TIMBRE

DYNAMICS

RHYTHM

MELODY

FORM

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Explore Japanese Music
Direction: Based on what you have learned, fill in the complete information regarding Music
of China.

Socio- Music
Historical Instruments
Context

Music of China

Function of Music
Music Vocals

20

What I Can Do

Activity 5: Reflection
3 words, terms or concept you have learned about the lesson.

 ______________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________
2 essential question you want to ask.
 ______________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________
1 essential understand (reflect based on how this lesson change your perception about
Chinese music).
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

21

Lesson Title of the Lesson

3 Korean Music

What I Need to Know

Korea’s folk music tradition,
with its generous use of bright rhythms
and melodies, offers a more energetic
and capricious contrast to the nation’s
collection of classical music works.

Folk music represents the soul
and sound of traditional Korean villages
with an eclectic array of music forms
including numerous folk songs, various
forms of instrumental pieces, pansori,
and shaman ritual music.

https://www.trazy.com/experience/detail/national-gugak-center-korean-music-dance

Chong-ak means literally “right or correct music”, and its tradition includes both
instrumental and vocal music, which were cultivated mainly by the upper-class literate of the
Joseon society. Chong-ak also refers to ensemble music for men of high social status
outside of the court. In this category, three important terms are a-ak, tang-ak, and hyang-ak.

Sog-ak or minsogak is a category of Korean traditionally associated with the lower
classes of for the general public and is vibrant and energetic. It includes genres such as
pansori and minyo. Pansori is a kind of music presented to audiences by skilled vocal
singers and drummers. But even the unskilled could sing these songs. They sang when they
worked in the rice paddy or fields, sang when they went off their lover and sang when their
life was troubled and weighing them down.

22

What’s New

Activity 1: Picture Analysis
Direction: Based on the picture answer the following questions below.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#/media/File:Farmer_dance.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#/media/File:Middle_Class_in_Joseon.jpg

1. How do these pictures show aspects of Korean Culture?

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

2. What similarities with other East Asian countries can you identify in these objects?

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

What’s In

Activity 2: Music Appreciation
Directions: Listen to the recordings of different instruments of Korea though Radio-Based
Instruction or Video in the given links . Each recording should last about 30 seconds to 1
minute. Here are the questions to be answered:
1. Classify the instrument heard using Hornbostel-Sach classification of instrument.
2. What kind of feelings or mood does it express?
(Note: Student will choose the available alternative mood of instruction)

23

Links:
1. Changgo - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8wHBwyofLw
2. Haegum - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7ZeSumH004
3. Komunggo - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZZAsbAzx6M
4. Kayagum - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gNR-_hH_qOM
5. Piri - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fq8R-SPyHUM&feature=related

What Is It

A. Music Instruments
1. Chordophones

1. Kayagum (Gayageum)– is a traditional
Korean zither-like string instrument, with 12
strings, although more recently variants have
been constructed with 21 or more numbers of
strings. It is probably the best-known traditional
Korean musical instrument

/

By Photo by PARK Hyoung-Won (Flickr user: dalcrose). Photo used by the kind permission of PARK Hyoung-Won (see below for email granting permission). -
https://www.flickr.com/photos/dalcrose/464193655/, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3096026

2. Geomungo – six-string plucked zither is a

traditional Korean instrument of the zither family
with both bridges and frets. Scholars believe that

the name refers to Goguryeo and translates to
“Goguryeo zither” or that it refers to the color that
translate to “black crane zither”.

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/342766221617872689/

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3. Haegum (two-string vertical fiddle) – it has a rod-
like neck, a hollow wooden soundbox, two silk
strings, and is held vertically on the knee of the
performer and played with a bow.

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/333759022361430039/

2. Aerophone

Piri – used in both the folk and classical
(court) music of Korea. It is made of bamboo.
Its large reed and cylindrical bore gives it a
sound mellower that that of many other types
of oboe.

https://courtmusicinvestigation.weebly.com/what-is-court-music.html

3. Membranophone

Changgo – is the most widely used drum
used in the traditional music of Korea. It is
available in most kinds, and consists of an
hourglass-shaped body with two heads made
from animal skin. The two heads produce
sounds of different pitch and timbre, which
when played together are believed to
represent the harmony of man and woman.

By Visviva - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2256180

B. Music Vocals
1. Arirang – is a Korean folk song. It is sometimes used as a symbol of Korea and Korean
culture. Arirang is in essence a song of farewell. The word “Arirang” means “the hill”. It
pertains to the foothills of Korea where most Koreans had parting on. An emotion of deep
regret is imbued in the rhythm of Arirang. The song evokes the feeling of the tears shed by
Koreans and the remembrance of their sad stories.

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Arirang

Korean Romanization English translation[18][19]

아리랑, 아리랑, Arirang, Arirang, Arariyo...
You are going over Arirang hill.
아라리요... Arirang, Arirang, Arariyo...
Arirang gogaero neomeoganda.

아리랑고개로넘어간다.

나를버리고가시는님은 Nareul beorigo gasineun nimeun My love, you are leaving me
십리도못가서발병난다. Sibrido mosgaseo balbyeongnanda. Your feet will be sore before you go ten ri.

청천하늘엔잔별도많고, Just as there are many stars in the clear sky,
There are also many dreams in our heart.
Cheongcheonhaneuren janbyeoldo

우리네가슴엔희망도 manko,

많다. Urine gaseumen huimangdo manda.

저기저산이 Jeogi jeo sani Baekdusaniraji, There, over there, that mountain is Baekdu
백두산이라지, Dongji seotdaredo kkotman pinda. Mountain
동지섣달에도꽃만 Where, even in the middle of the winter days, flower
핀다. blooms.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arirang

26

What’s More

Activity 3: Song Analysis
Direction: Listen to Arirang https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f99tZQ8XtGM or through Radio-
Based Instruction.
Process Questions:
1. What is the message of the song?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Describe how the musical elements and instrumental pieces reflect Korean culture?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Is there a Filipino song that portrays similar meaning? Explain the similarities and why?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Explore Korean Music
Direction: Based on what you have learned, fill in the complete information regarding Music
of Korea.

27

Socio- Music
Historical Instruments
Context

Music of Korea

Function of Music Vocals
Music

What I Can Do

Activity 5: Reflection
3 words, terms or concept you have learned about the lesson.

 ______________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________
2 essential question you want to ask.
 ______________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________
1 essential understand (reflect based on how this lesson change your perception about
Chinese music).
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

28

Summary

Japan
Japanese Vocal music is quite different from the Western Vocal Music, and is based

on the intervals of human breathing rather than mathematical timing, and how Japanese
musicians show their spiritual self-mastery in mastering his or her instrument more than
simply perfecting a technique of some sort and how they give value to their performance and
composure.

Traditional Japanese music is basically meditative in character. Its music and
performance are highly ritualized, as is the composure of the musicians when performing it.
Japanese chamber music and solo music have a slow meditative pace and use concrete
elements, which serve to represent natural sounds and the sounds of life. The main tone of
Japanese music has two modes: the Yosen and the Insen. Both consist of five primary tones
based on a scale with seven tones. Japanese music has three general types of instruments
– percussion instruments (membranophone/idiophone) odaiko, tsuzumi, shoko, tsuridaiko,
taiko; string instruments (chordophone) Koto, shamisen, biwa; and wind instruments
(aerophone) shakuhachi, nokan, sho and hichiriki. Compared to our music, Japanese music
is very simple. They sing melodies in unison and they never repeat the same melody in a
song.
China

Chinese music uses the pentatonic scale as can be heard in the song “Mo Li Hua”.
Chinese musical instruments are classified according to the materials by which they
are made: animal skins, gourd, bamboo, wood, silk, earth/clay, metal, and stone.
Pipa is a four-stringed lute with a pear-shaped body. It has an extremely wide
dynamic range and remarkable expressive power.
Erhu is a two-stringed fiddle and one of the most popular Chinese instruments.
Dizi is the traditional Chinese Flute.
Pengling are two small bells used as coloring instrument either in ensembles or in
theater music because they produce a “peaceful dream” effect

29

Sheng is a Chinese mouth organ, with 12 to 36 bamboo pipes. It produces several
notes simultaneously, so chords and melody can be performed at the same time. It is
also one of the oldest Chinese musical instruments.
Korea
Korean music has a slow tempo, giving it a very peaceful and pensive character.
Chong-ak has a literal meaning of “ music for the noble classes”.
Arirang is a Korean folk song used as a symbol of Korean and Korean culture. It
evokes the feeling of the tears shed by Koreans and the remembrance of sad stories
specifically partings.
Sog-ak or Minsogak is a category of Korean music traditionally associated with the
lower classes or for the general public and it is vibrant and energetic.
Pansori is a kind of music presented to audiences by skilled vocal singers and
drummers.
Kayagum is a traditional Korean zither-like instrument, with 12 strings, probably the
best known traditional Korean musical instrument.
Haegum a two-string vertical fiddle, with a rod-like neck and a hollow wooden sound
box.
Changgo is the most widely used drum used in the traditional music of Korea.

30

Assessment: (Post-Test)

I. Direction: Choose the correct answer: Write the letters on the space provided.

_____1. How is Chinese music described?

a. It is gentle and lyrical c. It is meditative and highly ritualized

b. It is slow in tempo and is very peaceful d. It slow and melancholy
_____2. Which of the following is one of China’s most popular instruments?

a. Haegum c. Koto

b. Erhu d. Shamisen

_____3. What meter is used in the Japanese song “Sakura”?

a. Quadruple Meter c. Duple Meter

b. Tiple Meter d. Compound Meter

_____4. Which of the following does not belong in the group?

a. Tsuzumi c. Taiko

b. Odaiko d. Changgo

_____5. Which Korean music category is traditionally associated with the lower class?

a. Tang-ak c. Sog-ak

b. Chong-ak d. A-ak
_____6. How is the “Arirang” song classified?

a. Welcome song c. Song for spring

b. Love song d. Parting song

_____7. What melody is used in the folk song “Mo Li Hua”?

a. Melodic c. Diatonic

b. Pentatonic d. Harmonic

_____8. Which Japanese instrument is the counterpart of Kayageum?

a. Koto c. Shamisen

b. Geomungo d. Zheng

_____9. Which Japanese instrument is called the “dragon flute”?

a. Shimobue c. Ryuteki

b. Hichiriki d. Shakuhachi

_____10. Which of the following statements about Changgo is correct?

a. It is a single headed drum whose tone is altered by squeezing its laces.

b. It is a Japanese drum that has become the central instrument of percussion

ensemble.

c. It is a large hanging barrel drum.

d. An hour glass-shaped double headed drum made from animal skin.

31

II. Match the Pictures (2pts each) A. Haegum
B. Erhu
https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/503504 C. Taiko

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/333759022361430039/ D. Zheng
http://andrewsalamanca.com/2016/05/gu-zheng/ E. Biwa
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/AQ6TU0X5zW3Ctikmj2SCNSW1-
c3GSVrJ5TbqmSPVr8tQ1nGtjv60iLs/
https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/japanese-taiko.html

32

Key to Answers

Pre Test 6. Korea 11. Japan
7. Korea 12. China
1. China 8. China 13. Korea
2. Japan 9. Japan 14. Japan
3. Korea 10. Korea 15. China
4. Japan
5. China Test II
1. E. Biwa
Post Test: 2. A. Haegum
3. D. Zheng
Test 1 4. B. Erhu
1. c. 5. C. Taiko
2. b
3. c.
4. d.
5. c
6. d
7. b
8. a
9. c
10.d

33

References

A. Print/Books:
Anido, B. et.al; Music and Arts Grade 8, Learners Module, (First Edition 2013)
ISBN 978-971-9990-76-5

B. Website Readings/Pictures

https://study.com/academy/lesson/music-of-east-asia-scales-themes-instruments-
characteristics.html
https://www.slideshare.net/MLRT18/east-asian-musicgrade-8
retrieved May 25, 2020

Japanese Music
www.freeworldmaps.net
https://japanesetradmusic.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_21.html
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/287245282457248183/
https://japanophilia.xyz/2018/02/13/wadaiko-japanese-drum/
http://kitanodaigagakukai.web.fc2.com/gagaku4-e.html
https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/japanese-taiko.html
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/423831014911227356/
https://www.123rf.com/photo_137233804_stock-vector-japanese-shamisen
https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/503504
https://japanophilia.xyz/2018/02/13/shakuhachi/
https://restaurants-guide.tokyo/column/traditional-musical-instruments-of-japan/
https://restaurants-guide.tokyo/column/traditional-musical-instruments-of-japan/
https://musicinjapan.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/6/7/14670924/462159429_orig.jpg?137
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/620089442418922239/
https://restaurants-guide.tokyo/column/traditional-musical-instruments-of-japan/
https://www.123rf.com/photo_49926732_stock-vector-young-woman-wearing-traditional-
japanese-kimono.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo_scale
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Insen_scale_on_C.png
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo_scale#/media/File:Yo_scale_on_D_ascending_&_descendin
g.png
https://livejapan.com/en/article-a0001976/
retrieved June 8, 2020

Chinese Music
https://www.visiontimes.com/2019/12/12/music-therapy-in-traditional-chinese-medicine.html
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17862226
http://www.china-expats.com/Images/Instruments/YueQin.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipa#/media/File:Pipa_MET_DP216710.jpg
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/AQ6TU0X5zW3Ctikmj2SCNSW1-
c3GSVrJ5TbqmSPVr8tQ1nGtjv60iLs/
https://www.britannica.com/art/yunluo
https://www.britannica.com/art/sheng-musical-instrument
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/480759328944639812/
http://andrewsalamanca.com/2016/05/gu-zheng
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/140174607123877643/
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14666682
https://m.basicmusictheory.com/c-major-pentatonic-scale
retrieved June 8, 2020

34

Korean Music
https://www.trazy.com/experience/detail/national-gugak-center-korean-music-dance
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#/media/File:Farmer_dance.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#/media/File:Middle_Class_in_Joseon.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3096026
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/342766221617872689/
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/333759022361430039/
https://courtmusicinvestigation.weebly.com/what-is-court-music.html
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2256180
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arirang
retrieved June 8, 2020
C. Videos
Japanese Music
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KG9efSXLGDw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=8&v=kpELlKI7hMw&feature=emb_logo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKTRnO7SV68
Chinese Music
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gq3lc_GSrlI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9S41_Veb3LA
Korean Music
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8wHBwyofLw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7ZeSumH004
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZZAsbAzx6M
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gNR-_hH_qOM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fq8R-SPyHUM&feature=related
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f99tZQ8XtGM

35

For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Office Address: Brgy. 23, National Highway,Gingoog City

Telefax: 088 328 0108/ 088328 0118

E-mail Address: [email protected]