INTRODUCTION OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

MIND MAP
INTRODUCTION

TO ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY

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Positional Isomer Functional Group Classification of Classification of
-differ in position of Isomers carbocations carbanions
functional group for
compounds with same -Differ in the type of -stability of carbocation Stability of Carbanions
number of carbon atoms functional group for increase with number of - stability of carbocations
compound with the same alkyl groups attach to it decrease with number of
Chain Isomer molecular formula - alkyl group is electron alkyl groups attach to it.
-Differ in the way of donating group - alkyl group is electron
carbon atoms bonded Constitutional / (EDG)which stabilize the donating group (EDG)
Structural Isomerism positive charge of carbon which destabilize the
together atom the negative charge of
-have difference carbon - increasing stability : carbon atom.
-increasing stability:
skeleton @ chain 1o >2o > 3o
3o < 2o < 1o
INTRODUCTION TO
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Relative Stabilities of
Carbocations and
Carbanion

Stereoisomerism

Addition reaction

Geometrical Isomer @ Enantiomer @Optical Type of Organic Reaction
cis –tran isomers Isomer

Occur due to presence A pair of stereoisomers Rearrangement Reaction Elimination Reaction Subtitution Reaction
of chiral carbon which are mirror images Prepared by: NFAG
@chirality centre of each other but are not

Chiral carbon is sp3 superimposible
hybridised with 4

different group attach
to it

TYPE OF ORGANIC REACTION

ADDITION REACTION SUBSTITUTION REACTION

General  Occurs when 2 reactants react to form larger product  Involves replacing one atom or group with another

Description A+B A-B A-B + C A-C + B
 Involves compounds with multiple bonds
 Results the breaking of 1 ℼ bond to form 2 σ bonds

Eletrophilic addition Nucleophilic addition Free radical Electrophilic Nucleophilic

reaction Reaction substitution substitution substitution

Initiated by electrophile Initiated by nucleophile reaction reaction reaction

attacks nucleophilic site attacks electrophilic site - Replace by free -Replace by -Replace by

(electron rich site) in an (electron deficient site) in an radical electrophile nucleophile

organic compound organic compound - Alkanes -Aromatic -Saturated

compounds compounds with

CH3CH=CH2 + Br2 polar bonds

CH3CH(Br)CH2Br

ELIMINATION REACTiON REARRANGEMENT REACTION

Equation  Involves the removal of 2 neighbouring atoms form Occurs during the transition Occurs when single reactants
a saturated molecule
A-B A + B stage of a reaction involving reorganize the bonds or

 Results the formation of multiple bond product or carbocation atoms within the compound
molecule
++

A-B-C A-C-B A-B-C A-C-B

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Prepared by: NFAG