Dylan Bettencourt Portfolio

Analysis  written in this report or it is  explains whether or  explains whether or  whether or not the 
very brief. No data is cited.  not the hypothesis  not the hypothesis  hypothesis was 
  ____No analysis is included  was supported.  was supported. Data  supported. Data was 
  or it is extremely brief no  ____ Possible sources  is cited to support  cited to support the 
sources of error are  of error are somewhat  hypothesis.  hypothesis. 
explained.   explained.  ____Possible sources  ____Possible sources 
____No discussion of  ____ No discussion  of error are  of error are clearly 
patterns or trends in the  of patterns or trends  adequately explained.  explained. 
data  ____Some discussion   
  of patterns or trend  ____Trends and 
in the data  Patterns in the data 
are clearly discussed. 

Activity:​ Tree Height Practice

Determine the height of the trees in the following examples. You will also need to calculate the
IMA and AMA using the given information.

Make Diagrams and calculate in Notebook first

Example 1: A student walked 43 meters away from the tree and measured the angle through
the clinometer to the top of the tree to be 18 degrees.

1. What is the height of the tree?
13.97

2. What is the Input Distance to the top of the tree?
45.2

3. What is the IMA?
3.24

4. The AMA is 27% less than the IMA. What is the AMA?
2.37

5. The Output Force is 350 N.
OK

6. What is the Input Force?

Example 2: A student walked 84 meters away from the tree and measured the angle through
the clinometer to the top of the tree to be 29 degrees.

7. What is the height of the tree?

8. What is the Input Distance to the top of the tree?
9. What is the IMA?
10. The AMA is 42% less than the IMA. What is the AMA?
11. The Output Force is 75 N.
12. What is the Input Force?

Heat



Thermal (Heat) Energy Project
Chapter 6 (pg. 156-180)
DUE: Friday May 16th

1. Vocabulary - Define and make note cards or quizlet

Conduction - ​the  Heat - t​he quality of  Insulator - a​ thing or  Calorie - ​the energy 

process by which  being hot; high  substance used for  needed to raise the 
heat or electricity is  temperature of 1 
directly transmitted  temperature. insulation, in 
through a substance  gram of water 
particular. through 1 °C (now 
when there is a  usually defined as 
difference of 
4.1868 joules).
temperature or of 
electrical potential 
between adjoining 

regions, without 
movement of the 

material.

Convection - t​ he  Temperature - t​ he  Second Law of Turbine - a​ machine 
Thermodynamics -
movement caused  action of insulating  for producing 
within a fluid by the  The second law continuous power in 
tendency of hotter  something or  states that if the
and therefore less  physical process is which a wheel or 
dense material to rise,  someone. irreversible​, the rotor, typically fitted 
and colder, denser  combined entropy of with vanes, is made to 
material to sink under  the system and the
environment must revolve by a 
the influence of  increase.​ The final fast-moving flow of 
gravity, which  entropy must be water, steam, gas, air, 
consequently results  greater than the initial
in transfer of heat. entropy for an or other fluid.
irreversible process:

Radiation - ​the  Heat Engine - ​a  Specific Heat - t​ he  Generator - ​a thing 

emission of energy as  device for producing  heat required to raise  that generates 
electromagnetic  motive power from  the temperature of 
the unit mass of a  something, in 
waves or as moving  heat, such as a  given substance by a 
subatomic particles,  gasoline engine or  particular.
especially high-energy  given amount (usually 
particles that cause  steam engine. one degree).

ionization.

First Law of Conductor - Kinetic Energy -
Thermodynamics -
energy that a body 

The first law of a material or device  possesses by virtue 
thermodynamics is that conducts or  of being in motion.
a version of the law transmits heat, 
of conservation of
energy, adapted for electricity, or sound, 
especially when 
thermodynamic
systems. The law of regarded in terms of 
its capacity to do this. 
conservation of
energy states that
the total energy of
an isolated system
is constant; energy
can be transformed
from one form to
another, but can be
neither created nor
destroyed. The first

law is often
formulated

2. Provide a diagram showing molecular motion in Solids, Liquids, and gases.
*How are they different?

Microscopic view of a Microscopic view of a Microscopic view of a

gas. liquid. solid.

3. Discuss the energy needed to change a 15 gram ice cube into steam. Use a
graph and one calculation from our unit on Phase Changes.

Heat = m x T x SH
Heat = 15 g x 100​o​ x 1 cal/g​o​c

Heat = m x Heat (vapor)
Heat = 15g x 2257 J/g

Heat (vapor) = 33,855 Joules
Heat = m x Heat (fusion)
Heat = 15g x 333.55 J/g
Heat = 5,003.25 Joules

Final Heat = Heat + Heat (Vapor) + Heat (Fusion)
Final Heat = 40,358.25 J/cal.

4. What is the difference between Heat and Temperature? Provide a definition,
picture and video link to help you review.

The hotter an object is, the faster the motion of the molecules inside it. Thus, the
heat of an object is the total energy of all the molecular motion inside that object.

Temperature, on the other hand, is a measure of the average heat or thermal
energy of the molecules in a substance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=foP-IefJtfw

5. Construct a graph showing the average monthly temperatures in Hartford, CT.,
a city on the equator and a city in the Southern Hemisphere.

Month Average Temperature (o​ ​F)
January 36
February 39
March 48
60
April 71
May 79
June

July 84
August 83
September 75
October 63
November 52
December 41

Biography and Reflection

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was born on October 19, 1910 in Lahore, British India. The third
of ten children in a well-educated family, his mother was a translator, who taught them to read,
and his father was Deputy Auditor General of the Northwestern Railways. The Nobel Prize
winning physicist C. V. Raman was his father’s brother. As a boy, he was homeschooled by his
parents who paid for private tutors. In 1922, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar became a student
at the Hindu High School, Triplicane, Madras, graduating 1925. Then, at 14 years old, he began
studying for a physics degree at Presidency College. In 1929, aged 18, he wrote his first
academic paper, The Compton Scattering and the New Statistics. A year later, he graduated
with a B.Sc. Honors degree in physics.

His supervisor at Cambridge was the physicist and astronomer Ralph Fowler. During his
time traveling by ship from India to Britain in 1930, Chandrasekhar looked over Fowler’s and
others’ work on the degenerate electron gas in white dwarf stars. He changed the old ideas
about physics used previously, mixing it with the new relativistic physics of Albert Einstein.
Although he was 19 when he did this work, it helped to bring him closer to his Nobel Prize in
physics. In 1931, Chandrasekhar visited Göttingen, Germany, where he had been invited to
spend summer working with the future Nobel Prize winning physicist Max Born. In 1932,
Chandrasekhar moved to Copenhagen, Denmark where he worked at the Institute for
Theoretical Physics, founded 12 years earlier by Nobel Prize winning physicist Niels Bohr. In
1933, he returned to Cambridge, where he received his Ph.D. degree.

Science Portfolio Reflection

1. What was your favorite science activity or topic this year? Why did you enjoy this
activity? Be specific

I really liked the tree hight project because it allowed us to be outside, but it was really
fun to use the meter sticks to measure the distance from the tree, because we could go
really far back and have an angle of 1 or something around their.

2. Which topic or skill did you find to be the most challenging? Explain
I found that finding GPE was the hardest for me, as it was something I had never done
or heard of before, and it kind of put me off.

THANK
YOU