Pre-Driving Orientation and Motor Vehicle Basic Parts, Functions and Operations (DL CODE B, B1, B2)

Theoretical Driving Course (TDC)
For Student-driver’s Permit Applicants

Subject No. 3

Pre-Driving Orientation and Motor
Vehicle Basic Parts, Functions
and Operations

(DL CODE B, B1, B2)

Subject Code: TDC-15-S-03

1

PRE-DRIVING ORIENTATION

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lecture, the applicant-driver shall be able to:
• Learn and apply the proper procedure of checking the overall

condition of a vehicle before driving.
• Identify all pertinent switches and controls before and while

driving on the road on a given weather condition.
• Identify common features of instrument panel or dashboard.
• Identify the functions of foot pedals, shifting lever, parking

brake and other driving mechanisms of a motor vehicle.

2

PRE-DRIVING ORIENTATION

• Apply various transportation laws, rules and regulations
as discussed in other Modules before the actual driving
instructions.

• Know the basics of handling steering wheel, proper
shifting and smooth braking.

• Know the procedures and considerations when turning,
stopping or parking.

• Know the principles of loading and unloading
passengers or cargoes.

3

Pre-Driving Orientation and Motor Vehicle Basic Parts,
Functions and Operations

(DL CODE B, B1, B2)

Topic Outline:

1. Essential Components of Motor Vehicle
a. Identification
b. Function

2. Other Safety Features of Motor Vehicle
3. Walk Around Check of Identified Components
4. Pre-Engine Starting Routine

4

Pre-Driving Orientation and Motor Vehicle Basic Parts,
Functions and Operations

(DL CODE B, B1, B2)

Topic Outline:

5. Driving Procedures
6. Tips on Stopping, Parking, Turning and Changing Lanes
7. Post Driving Routine
8. Applicable Laws, Rules and Regulation

5

PRE-DRIVING ORIENTATION

ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF MOTOR VEHICLE
• EXTERIOR
• UNDERCHASSIS
• INTERIOR

6

B, B1, B2 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS – EXTERIOR LIGHTS

Rear Signal Light

Headlamps Front Signal Light

7

B, B1, B2 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS – EXTERIOR LIGHTS

Hazard Warning Light

Brake Light Reverse Light
8

B, B1, B2 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS – EXTERIOR

Left and Right Side Mirrors Fuel Tank Cap

Front and Rear Wipers Windshield
Plate Lights
9

B, B1, B2 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS – EXTERIOR

Doors Engine Hood Luggage
Compartment Hood

10

B, B1, B2 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS – UNDERCHASSIS

Tires Engine and Transmission Linkages and Joints

Muffler and Silencer Rear Axle and Differential

11

B, B1, B2 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS – TIRE

Maximum Load and Maximum Air Pressure

12

B, B1, B2 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS – TIRE

P : Passenger Car
LT : Light Truck
ST : Special Trailer
T : Temporary

ST225 / 75 R 15
Tire Width (Sidewall

to Sidewall

13

B, B1, B2 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS – TIRE

Height of Tire or
Sidewall

ST225 / 75 R 15

Construction of Tire
R : Radial
D : Diagonal
B : Bias (most popular)

14

B, B1, B2 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS – TIRE

Inches – Inner
Diameter of Tire

ST225 / 75 R 15 95 H

Optional: Load Index and Speed
Symbol
95 : 690 kgs
H : 210 kph

15

B, B1, B2 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS – INTERIOR

Ignition Switch Steering Wheel Gear Selector Lever

Clutch Pedal for MT Brake Pedal Gas/Accelerator Pedal

16

B, B1, B2 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS – INTERIOR

Headlight Switch Wiper Switch Child Lock

Power Window Switch Parking Brake Lever Hazard Switch Cabin Light Switch

17

B, B1, B2 DASHBOARD INSTRUMENTS

18

B, B1, B2 COMMON DASHBOARD WARNING LIGHTS

• BRAKE WARNING LIGHT • SEAT BELT
• AIR BAG WARNING LIGHT WARNING LIGHT

• DOOR AJAR/OPEN • COOLANT
WARNING LIGHT
• OIL WARNING LIGHT
• ABS CAUTION LIGHT • BATTERY
WARNING LIGHT

• HAZARD
WARNING LIGHT

19

B, B1, B2 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS – AIR CON SWITCH

20

PRE-DRIVING ORIENTATION

OTHER SAFETY FEATURES

21

B, B1, B2 OTHER SAFETY FEATURES

Seat Belts Air Bags Child Restraint and Window Lock

HEAD RESTRAINTS- helps in the prevention of whiplash

22

USER’S MANUAL

User’s NOTHING BEATS READING
Manual
and UNDERSTANDING THE
VEHICLE USER’S MANUAL

23

WALK AROUND

SAFETY CHECKS

• LIGHTS AND LAMPS
• MIRRORS AND GLASSES
• UNDERCHASSIS
• UNDERNEATH
• BODY

24

WALK AROUND CHECK – LIGHTS and LAMPS

Burned out bulb/s

Damaged lamps

25

WALK AROUND CHECK – LIGHTS and LAMPS

RULES ON THE • Two (2) headlamps – one from each side with
USE OF LAMPS
white or yellowish light. Lighted at least 30 minutes
AND
MODIFICATIONS after sunset until 30 minutes before sunrise or

whenever weather condition so requires.
• No red lights shall be visible forward of the vehicle.
• Top clearance lamp shall not be more than 10 cms.
• Tail lamp shall be color red
• Brake light shall be bright red
• Plate lamp shall be color white
• Red flag must be used for excess load beyond one

meter with a dimension of not less than 30cms x

30cms. Red light is required at night.

26

WALK AROUND CHECK – MIRRORS AND GLASSES

27

WALK AROUND CHECK – UNDERCHASSIS

UNDER INFLATION OVER INFLATION

CORRECT INFLATION

28

WALK AROUND CHECK – UNDERCHASSIS

Crack Sidewall Crack Sidewall

Worn-out tread caused by 29
improperly inflated tires

WALK AROUND CHECK – UNDERCHASSIS

TIRE SIDEWALL
BULGING

DAMAGED RIM

30

WALK AROUND CHECK – UNDERCHASSIS

COMMON
TIRE

PROBLEMS

ADVANCED TOE IN ADVANCED TOE OUT

31

WALK AROUND CHECK - UNDERCHASSIS

DAMAGED OR WORN- ENGINE OIL LEAK
OUT SUSPENSION
TRANSMISSION
FLUID

FUEL LEAK

32

WALK AROUND CHECK - UNDERCHASSIS

COOLANT LEAK

BRAKE FLUID LEAK

33

WALK AROUND CHECK - UNDERNEATH

WHEEL STOPPER WORKING OR RESTING PEOPLE PETS OR TOYS

34

WALK AROUND CHECK – BODY SCRATCHES

35

PRE START ROUTINE FOR LIGHT VEHICLES (B, B1, B2)

• Adjust the mirrors ( rear and side view) Either manually or switch control

• Adjust the seat and head restraints

• Clear the windshield and windows of

distracted items

• Close and lock the doors

• Wear the seatbelts
• Put the key in ignition • Adjust the side or rear

• Reach the accelerator and bvriaekwe mpeirdroalr by hand if

with your foot to check for ciot mcafonrtbaeblaedjusted

distance manually

• Start the vehicle

36

PRE START ROUTINE FOR LIGHT VEHICLES (B, B1, B2)

• Adjust the mirrors ( rear and side view)

• Adjust the seat and head restraints

• Clear the windshield and windows of
distracted items

• Close and lock the doors
• Wear the seatbelts
• Put the key in ignition
• Reach the accelerator and brake pedal

with your foot to check for comfortable
distance
• Start the vehicle

37

PRE START ROUTINE FOR LIGHT VEHICLES (B, B1, B2)

• Adjust the mirrors ( rear and side view)
• Adjust the seat and head restraints

• Clear the windshield and windows of

• distracted items • Follow the law on
• CWPuleotaserthtaehnekdesyleoaicntkbiegthlntesitidooAAnoncrtsti(-DRiAst1ra0c9t1e3d)Driving
•

• Reach the accelerator and brake pedal

with your foot to check for comfortable

distance
• Start the vehicle

38

PRE START ROUTINE FOR LIGHT VEHICLES (B, B1, B2)

• Adjust the mirrors ( rear and side view)
• Adjust the seat and head restraints
• Clear the windshield and windows of

distracted items

• Close and lock the doors

• Wear the seatbelts
• Put the key in ignition
• Reach the accelerator and brake pedal

with your foot to check for comfortable
distance
• Start the vehicle

39

PRE START ROUTINE FOR LIGHT VEHICLES (B, B1, B2)

• Adjust the mirrors ( rear and side view) PROPER IMPROPER
• Adjust the seat and head restraints
• Clear the windshield and windows of

distracted items
• Close and lock the doors

• Wear the seatbelts

• Switch ‘ON’ the
• Reach the accelerator and brake pedal

with your foot to check for comfortable

distance
• Start the vehicle

40

PRE START ROUTINE FOR LIGHT VEHICLES (B, B1, B2)

• Adjust the mirrors ( rear and side view)
• Adjust the seat and head restraints
• Clear the windshield and windows of

distracted items
• Close and lock the doors
• Wear the seatbelts
• Switch ‘ON’ the ignition by turning clockwise
• Reach the accelerator, brake and clutch

pedal with your foot to check for comfortable
distance
• Start the vehicle

41

PRE START ROUTINE FOR LIGHT VEHICLES (B, B1, B2)

• Adjust the mirrors ( rear and side view)
• Adjust the seat and head restraints
• Clear the windshield and windows of

distracted items
• Close and lock the doors
• Wear the seatbelts
• Switch ‘ON’ the ignition by turning clockwise

• Reach the accelerator, brake and clutch
pedal with your foot to check for
comfortable distance

• Start the engine

42

STARTING THE ENGINE

• Adjust the mir•roTrsw(isrtetahreaknedy scildoeckvwieiwse) to start the
CAdlejuasr tththeewsienad•tsSehannioegdmldinheeaee.nanddgwrineienstsdroamwinastysonfot start without
• distracted itemssimultaneously pressing the brake or
•

• WSCwleoiastcerhtah‘nOedNsle’oatch••tkbeetcIDihfglltuoetsnhtncidethioooetonpn“reogsbdviynaeetlruisrsntaianrltgr”etcahldoeycekrnwugnisinneien.g and
•
•
• Reach the accetlheeraktoery, bisrasktiell aonndthcelustctahrting position,
pedal with your tfhoeotdtroivcehr emcakyfohreacromgrfionrdtianbglesound
which may damage the starter motor.
distance

• Start the engine

43

AUTOMATIC CLUTCH

If the vehicle is equipped with
automatic clutch, put the shifting
lever in either the "P" or "N" position
depending on the User’s Manual

Automatic clutch have a device
called a neutral safety switch that
prevents the starter from engaging
unless the shift selector is in the "P"
or "N" positions ("Park" or "Neutral").
This prevents the car from starting in
gear.

44

MANUAL CLUTCH

• It is important to make sure that the gear is in neutral position
before starting the engine. If the gear is engaged when
starting the engine, the vehicle may move unexpectedly then
stall. This may damage the gear box.

• The driver may check if the selector lever is at NEUTRAL
position when it is moving freely.

• If the gear is engaged, press the clutch pedal and release the
selector lever to NEUTRAL.

45

MANUAL CLUTCH

The NEUTRAL position of shifting
lever for manual clutch is shown
here

46

MOVING – MANUAL CLUTCH

• Fully press the clutch and brake pedals
• Shift the lever to 1st gear (avoid shifting

to 2nd gear, especially when going
uphill)
• Release the Parking Brake Lever
• Slowly release the clutch pedal while
releasing the brake pedal. The driver
will feel a very slight vibration
indicating that engine and transmission
are already engaged.
• Take a quick look of the vehicle’s path.
Press the brake and clutch pedals if
there is obstruction.
• The vehicle will slowly move.
• Gently press the gas pedal and
completely release the clutch.

47

MOVING – MANUAL CLUTCH

• Fully press the clutch and brake
pedals

• Shift the lever to 1st gear (avoid
shifting to 2nd gear)

• Release the Parking Brake Lever
• Slowly release the clutch pedal while

releasing the brake pedal. The driver
will feel a very slight vibration
indicating that engine and
transmission are already engaged.
• Take a quick look of the vehicle’s
path including mirrors. Press the
brake and clutch pedals if there is
obstruction.
• The vehicle will slowly move.
• Gently press the gas pedal and
completely release the clutch.

48

MOVING – MANUAL CLUTCH

• Fully press the clutch and brake
pedals

• Shift the lever to 1st gear (avoid
shifting to 2nd gear)

• Release the Parking Brake Lever
• Slowly release the clutch pedal while

releasing the brake pedal. The driver
will feel a very slight vibration
indicating that engine and
transmission are already engaged.
• Take a quick look of the vehicle’s
path. Press the brake and clutch
pedals if there is obstruction.
• The vehicle will slowly move.
• Gently press the gas pedal and
completely release the clutch.

49

SHIFTING GEAR

SHIFTING GEAR DEPENDS • Press the clutch pedal
PRIMARILY ON THE and completely release
FOLLOWING the gas pedal.
CONSIDERATIONS:
• Shift to the desired and
• SPEED appropriate gear.
• ENGINE RPM
• CAPABILITY OF THE • Gently release the
clutch pedal while
VEHICLE smoothly pressing the
• TYPE OF ROAD (LEVEL, gas pedal.

UPHILL, DOWNHILL) 50
• WEATHER CONDITION
• DRIVING SKILL