Holiday Homework

EK BHARAT

SHRESHTH

BHARAT

A PROJECT BY

LAKSHITA VERMA
AISHWARYA V. SUBRAMANIAN

TRISHA MATHUR
ANSHIKA MALHOTRA
ASHWIKA AGARWAL

ANIRUDH SINGH

ENGLISH

History OF KOLKATA

AISHWARYA AND ANIRUDH

THEY FIRST VENTURED INTO INDIA, SEARCHING
FOR BETTER EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES.THE
SECOND MIGRATION OCCURRED DURING SOCIAL
UNREST IN CHINA, FOLLOWED BY THE JAPANESE

INVASION.
THE FINAL, MAJOR MIGRATION OF THE CHINESE
WAS TRIGGERED BY THE CIVIL WAR BETWEEN THE

GUOMINDANG AND THE COMMUNISTS.
THEY MAINLY PARTICIPATED AS THE

DOCKWORKERS IN THE PORT OF KOLKATA. THE
BRITISH ALSO PLAYED A MAJOR ROLE IN BRINGING
THE CHINESE TO THE NORTH-EASTERN STATE OF
ASSAM AS TEA GROWERS AND TEA MAKERS IN THE

TEA GARDENS OF ASSAM.

IN 1947 THE PARTITION OF BENGAL BETWEEN
NEWLY INDEPENDENT INDIA AND PAKISTAN

CONSTITUTED A SERIOUS SETBACK FOR
CALCUTTA, WHICH BECAME THE CAPITAL OF
WEST BENGAL ONLY, LOSING THE TRADE OF A

PART OF ITS FORMER HINTERLAND.



IN ANCIENT TIMES, KOLKATA WAS THE HUB O
ALL CULTURAL, TRADING AND SOCIAL
ACTIVITIES.THIS ATTRACTED VARIOUS
SKILLED ARTISTS AND WORKERS FROM

CHINA, WHO CAME TO CALCUTTA SEEKING
BETTER EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES. THES
CHINESE MIGRANTS ENTERED INDIA IN GREAT

NUMBERS, ON THREE OCCASIONS..

BY ANSHIKA AND

CULTURE ASHWIKA

MONUMENT

THE BUILDING WAS INITIATED AND WAS COMPLETED IN
1847, IN GOTHIC REVIVAL STYLE WITH STAINED BY BISHOP

DANIEL WILSON IN 1839 GLASS WINDOWS AND TWO
FRESCOES IN FLORENTINE RENAISSANCE STYLE. THE

BISHOP'S HOUSE ACROSS THE STREET IS ALSO
ARCHITECTURALLY NOTABLE. ST. PAUL'S WAS

CONSECRATED IN 1874.

FOOD

MACHER JHOL IS ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR DISHES AND IS
AN IMPORTANT PART OF BENGALI CUISINE. PREPARED USING
MINIMAL SPICES, FISH, AND VEGETABLES LIKE POTATO AND

EGGPLANT, MACHER JHOL IS ESSENTIALLY A SPICY FISH
STEW THAT IS ENJOYED BEST WITH HOT STEAMING RICE.
SAVOURED BY THE ENTIRE FAMILY, THIS DISH IS LIKED BY

ADULTS AND CHILDREN ALIKE. THIS DISH NOT ONLY
PROVIDES A MEDLEY OF FLAVOURS BUT ALSO LOADS OF
HEALTH BENEFITS. A HEALTHY MIXTURE OF ROHU FISH,
POTATO AND EGGPLANT, THIS DISH IS RICH IN PROTEIN,
OMEGA 3, VITAMINS, FIBRES AND MINERALS WHICH HELP

PREVENT THE RISK OF CANCER, ANAEMIA AS WELL
IMPROVING CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AND HEART HEALTH.

FESTIVAL

DURGA PUJA IS AN ANNUAL FESTIVAL CELEBRATED IN SEPTEMBER OR
OCTOBER, MOST NOTABLY IN KOLKATA, IN WEST BENGAL OF INDIA,
BUT ALSO IN OTHER PARTS OF INDIA AND AMONGST THE BENGALI

DIASPORA. IT MARKS THE TEN-DAY WORSHIP OF THE HINDU MOTHER-
GODDESS DURGA. IN THE MONTHS PRECEDING THE FESTIVAL, SMALL

ARTISANAL WORKSHOPS SCULPT IMAGES OF DURGA AND HER
FAMILY USING UNFIRED CLAY PULLED FROM THE GANGA RIVER. THE
WORSHIP OF THE GODDESS THEN BEGINS ON THE INAUGURAL DAY
OF MAHALAYA, WHEN EYES ARE PAINTED ONTO THE CLAY IMAGES TO

BRING THE GODDESS TO LIFE. IT ENDS ON THE TENTH DAY

CLOTHES

GARAD, MEANING WHITE, IS THE TRADITIONAL BENGALI SAREE WITH
A BRIGHT RED BORDER AND STRIPES IN THE PALLU OFFSET AGAINST
THE UN-DYED WHITE SILK. IMBUED WITH RELIGIOUS SIGNIFICANCE,
GARAD SAREES (AND THEIR COUSIN- KORIAL WITH INTRICATE BUTI OR
FLOWER PATTERNS IN THE BODY) ARE HUGELY POPULAR DURING THE

DURGA PUJA, WEDDINGS AND OTHER RELIGIOUS
CEREMONIES.GOING BACK TO THE BRITISH ERA, THE TRADITIONAL
DRESS OF KOLKATA FOR MEN INCLUDED A WHITE DHOTI PAIRED

WITH COLORED OF THE PRINTED KURTA. WITH THE ADVENT OF
CONTEMPORARY TIMES, THE DHOTIS ARE NO LONGER BLEAK PLAIN

WHITES INSTEAD, THEY HAVE BECOME A FASHION STATEMENT.
 

CONSERVERING
THE CULTURAL
HUB, KOLKATA

LAKSHITA AND TRISHA

KOLKATA, THE CAPITAL OF THE
INDIAN STATE OF WEST BENGAL, IS

REGARDED AS AN ARTISTIC AND
CULTURAL HUB FOR VARIOUS

REASONS.THE CITY HAS EARNED THE
NICKNAME 'CITY OF JOY' FOR ITS

SOULFUL EMBODIMENT OF CULTURE,
LOVE, MYSTERY, RESPECT,

ENTHUSIASM AND DEFINITELY SOME
AMAZING SWEET DELICACIES.

HERITAGE WALKING TOURS HAVE GAINED MUCH
POPULARITY AMONG KOLKATANS. THE IDEA
BEHIND THESE TOURS ARE TO MAKE LOCALS
FAMILIAR WITH THE NOOKS AND CRANNIES OF THE
CITY.SEVERAL SMALL EXHIBITIONS, TALK-SHOWS
ARE ALSO BEING ORGANIZED TO CREATE
AWARENESS ON HOW TO CONSERVE THIS
MAGNIFICENT CITY




MANY CITY SCHOOLS HAVE FORMED
HERITAGE CLUBS AND ARE ACTIVELY
WORKING TO MAKE STUDENTS AWARE OF
THEIR ROOTS, INCLUDING HISTORICAL
PLACES, FORGOTTEN CULTURES AND
RITUALS, TRADITIONAL ART FORMS AND
DYING PROFESSIONS. WITH THE INTERNET
BECOMING ACCESSIBLE TO A WIDE RANGE

OF PUBLIC WORLDWIDE, VIRTUAL
MUSEUMS ARE THE LATEST HAPPENING

THING IN THE HERITAGE CIRCUIT

DANS UNE VILLE COMME LA NÔTRE, LA POLLUTION DE L’AIR EST UN PROBLÈME
MAJEUR. L’UN DES PILIERS LES PLUS IMPORTANTS DE LA VILLE INTELLIGENTE EST
D’ASSURER UN ENVIRONNEMENT SAIN ET DURABLE EN RENDANT LA VILLE EXEMPTE DE
POLLUTION DANS LA MESURE DU POSSIBLE. MON IDÉE D’UNE VILLE INTELLIGENTE EST
DONC DE SURVEILLER LA POLLUTION À L’AIDE DE L’IDO (INTERNET DES OBJETS) ET DE
CAPTEURS QUI FOURNIRONTDES MISES À JOUR TEMPORELLES SUR LA POLLUTION
ATMOSPHÉRIQUE, PERMETTANT UNE SURVEILLANCE PRÉCISE. LE CONTRÔLE DE LA
POLLUTION ATMOSPHÉRIQUE AIDERA À PROTÉGER LA SANTÉ HUMAINE ET À RENDRE

LA VILLE PLUS SAINE ET PLUS HABITABLE!
~LAKSHITA VERMA

JE PENSE À DE OBJECTIFS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE, QUAND JE PENSE À
DES VILLES INTELLIGENTES. ILS DOIVENT AVOIR DES PLANS POUR RÉDUIRE LA
PAUVRETÉ ET LA FAIM, DES PLANS POUR INSTALLER DES SOURCES D'ÉNERGIE
DURABLES ET DES PLANS POUR COMBATTRE CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE. DES
VILLES INTELLIGENTES NE SONT PAS SEULMENT APROPOS DE TECHNOLOGIE,
MAIS ILS SONT APROPOS DE GENS AUSSI. ET POUR QUE CELA SE PRODUISE, LES
GENS ONT BESOIN DE BON SYSTEME EDUCATIF ! EDUCATION POUR TOUS LE
MONDE ET TRÈS IMPORTANTE. ÇA DEVRAIT ÊTRE GRATUIT, OBLIGATOIRE ET
PUBLIC POUR TOUS! LES GENS DOIVENT SAVOIR QUE TOUS SONT IMPORTANT ET

TOUS SONT BEAUX ET QUE TOUS LE MONDE COMPTE..

~AISHWARYA VENKATA SUBRAMANIAN

NOUS POUVONS RENDRE UNE VILLE INTELLIGENTE EN UTILISANT UNE
TECHNOLOGIE IMPROVISÉE. DANS UNE VILLE INTELLIGENTE, NOUS

POUVONS UTILISER DES LAMPADAIRES À CAPTEUR LED, EN
LUUPMTAIILRÈITRSIAECSNUTLSI’CEARELSDLLUAUMNMSEINLÈTERSCESHZ,OANNQOEUUSESSFOÉUCJISOETNQTOUEM’SUIANSUEOXNVSOAICÉTCGUIARDLEEENPMTASESN.STLEED.SEEN
L’ÉSLIENCOTRUISCUITTÉI.LIUSNOENVSILDLEESINVTOEILTLUIRGEESNTÉELEPCETURTIQÊTUREES,SDAENSSVPÉOLLOLSUTEITON

AUSSI DES TGV. SI UNE PERSONNE EFFECTUE UN LONG VOYAGE,
NOUS POUVONS INSTALLER DES SALLES DE POD DANS LES

TÉLÉVISEURS AFIN QUE LA PERSONNE PUISSE AVOIR UN VOYAGE
CONFORTABLE.

- ANSHIKA MALHOTRA




DANS LA VILLE DE MES RÊVES, J'AIMERAIS AVOIR DES SYSTÈMES DE
STATIONNEMENT INTELLIGENTS.CES SYSTÈMES UTILISENT DES CAPTEURS,
DES CAMÉRAS, DES ROUTEURS CELLULAIRES ET L'AUTOMATISATION POUR

SURVEILLER ET DIRIGER AUTOMATIQUEMENT LE TRAFIC ET RÉDUIRE LA
CONGESTION.CES SYSTÈMES PEUVENT OPTIMISER LE FLUX DE TRAFIC ET
AMÉLIORER LA SÉCURITÉ EN UTILISANT DES CAPTEURS, DES CAMÉRAS, DES
ROUTEURS ET LA TECHNOLOGIE CELLULAIRE POUR AJUSTER DYNAMIQUEMENT
LES MÉCANISMES DE CONTRÔLE TELS QUE LES FEUX DE CIRCULATION, LES
COMPTEURS D'AUTOROUTE, LES VOIES DE TRANSPORT EN COMMUN RAPIDE
POUR LES AUTOBUS, LES PANNEAUX D'AFFICHAGE SUR LES AUTOROUTES ET

MÊME LES LIMITES DE VITESSE.
~TRISHA MATHUR

TRADITIONAL METHODS OF WATER

CONSERVATION

HALARAS ARE TYPICALLY RECTANGULAR-SHAPED STEPWELLS
THAT HAVE TIERED STEPS ON THREE OR FOUR SIDES. THESE
STEPWELLS COLLECT THE SUBTERRANEAN SEEPAGE OF AN
UPSTREAM RESERVOIR OR A LAKE. JHALARAS WERE BUILT TO

ENSURE EASY AND REGULAR SUPPLY OF WATER FOR
RELIGIOUS RITES, ROYAL CEREMONIES AND COMMUNITY USE.

THE CITY OF JODHPUR HAS EIGHT JHALARAS, THE OLDEST
BEING THE MAHAMANDIR JHALARA THAT DATES BACK TO

1660 AD.

ZINGS, FOUND IN LADAKH, ARE SMALL TANKS THAT COLLECT
MELTING GLACIER WATER. A NETWORK OF GUIDING CHANNELS
BRINGS WATER FROM THE GLACIER TO THE TANK. A TRICKLE IN
THE MORNING, THE MELTING WATERS OF THE GLACIER TURN

INTO A FLOWING STREAM BY THE AFTERNOON. THE WATER,
COLLECTED BY EVENING, IS USED IN THE FIELDS ON THE

FOLLOWING DAY. A WATER OFFICIAL CALLED A CHIRPUN IS
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF WATER IN
THIS DRY REGION THAT RELIES ON MELTING GLACIAL WATER TO

MEET ITS FARMING NEEDS.

MODERN WATER HARVESTING METHODS
Rainwater harvesting: Rainwater harvesting is the technique of
gathering/accumulating and storing of rainwater. Modern methods of rainwater

harvesting are:-
ŸGroundwater Dams: When the groundwater dam, instead of storing the water in

surface reservoirs, stores it underground.
ŸA Sub-surface Dam: A sub-surface dam intercepts or obstructs the flow of an
aquifer and reduces the variation of the level of the groundwater table upstream

of the dam.
ŸSand Storage Dam: When Sand and soil particles transported during periods of
high flow are allowed to deposit behind the dam, and water is stored in these

soil deposits.
ŸFerrocement Tanks: Ferrocement consists of a thin sheet of cement which is
reinforced with a cage of wire mesh and steel bars. Ferrocement is structurally

more efficient than masonry.

CASE STUDY

In states like Meghalaya, stream and spring water flows
through bamboo pipes. They are used to divert
perennial springs on hilltops to lower reaches.



This system is used by tribal farmers in Meghalaya’s
Khasi and Jaintia hills to drip-irrigate their cultivation.

Rooftop rain water harvesting is the most common
practice in state capital Shillong.



The Meghalaya government’s focus lies on rain water
harvesting as there is a shortage of potable water in the

state.



Although Mizoram receives annual rainfall of 250
centimetres, people in hilly areas usually suffer from
water scarcity as rain water runs off quickly down steep

mountain slopes.



Mizoram and Nagaland use an indigenous system of
conservation of rain water known as the ‘Zabo’ or ‘Ruza’

system. In this system, rain water is collected and
stored in catchments along mountain slopes for

irrigation and other purposes.



SOLUTION?

OUR SMART CITY
USE OF GREEN VEHICLES

CHEMISTRY AND
GREEN VEHICLES



WHAT KIND OF CHEMICALS CAN BE SEEN IN THE USAGE OF

ELECTRIC CARS?



LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES ARE UTILIZED IN THE MAJORITY
OF ALL-ELECTRIC AND PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES;
NICKEL-METAL-HYDRIDE ARE COMMON FOR HYBRID CARS; AND
NEWER MATERIALS ARE BEING INTRODUCED, SUCH AS LITHIUM
POLYMER AND LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE, WITH MORE ON THE

HORIZON TO CHALLENGE THOSE IN COMMONLY USED.





ELECTRIC CARS ALSO USE STORED CHEMICAL ENERGY,
THOUGH THEY RELEASE IT ELECTROCHEMICALLY, WITHOUT
ANY KIND OF COMBUSTION, AS ELECTRONS PING FROM THEIR
SLOWLY DISCHARGING BATTERIES; THERE'S NO BURNING OF
FUEL, NO AIR POLLUTION SPEWING FROM THE TAILPIPE, AND
NO OBVIOUS EMISSIONS OF ANY KIND ARE PRODUCED BY THE

CAR ITSELF
BUY ONLY AS MUCH CHEMICAL PRODUCT AS YOU NEED. USE
HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS AND PRODUCTS BEFORE THEY GO
BAD OR REACH THEIR EXPIRATION DATE. GIVE AWAY THINGS
SUCH AS PAINT AND CHEMICALS TO PEOPLE WHO WILL USE

THEM. RECYCLE, REUSE OR DONATE LIQUIDS FROM
AUTOMOBILES.



GREEN CHEMISTRY IS THE DESIGN OF CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
AND PROCESSES THAT REDUCE OR ELIMINATE THE

GENERATION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES. EPA'S EFFORTS TO
SPEED THE ADOPTION OF THIS REVOLUTIONARY AND DIVERSE

DISCIPLINE HAVE LED TO SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL
BENEFITS, INNOVATION AND A STRENGTHENED ECONOMY.

HARMFUL EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN CARBONS
AND CABON MONOXIDE EMITTED FROM
CARS ON THE HUMAN BODY

Hydrocarbons are a heterogeneous group of organic substances primarily composed
of carbon and hydrogen molecules. Some of the most commonly ingested
hydrocarbons include gasoline, lubricating oil, motor oil, kerosene etc. Hydrocarbons
can cause effects like coma, seizures, irregular heart rhythms or damage to the
kidneys or liver.
Carbon monoxide is harmful because it binds to hemoglobin in the blood, reducing the
ability of blood to carry oxygen. This interferes with oxygen delivery to the body's
organs. The most common effects of CO exposure are fatigue, headaches, confusion,
and dizziness due to inadequate oxygen delivery to the brain. Carbon monoxide (CO) is
an odorless, colorless, poisonous gas that can cause sudden illness and death if
present in sufficient concentration in the ambient air.
The global transport sector accounts for almost one-quarter of energy-related carbon
dioxide emissions and this proportion is rising. Transport emissions have been linked
to nearly 400,000 premature deaths. Almost half of all deaths by air pollution from
transport are caused by diesel emissions, while those living closest to major traffic
arteries are up to 12 per cent more likely to be diagnosed with dementia.

HARMFUL EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN CARBONS
AND CABON MONOXIDE EMITTED FROM CARS

ON PLANTS

Plant transpiration, respiration and photosynthetic rates are
affected by hydrocarbon pollution . The effects of hydrocarbons
in plants reduce plant transpiration rates. On the other hand,
plant respiration may either decrease or increase depending on
the plant species or the oil type. Hydrocarbons reduce the rate of
photosynthesis, and the amount of reduction varies with the type
and amount of oil and with the species of plant. Cell injury may
be the principal cause of photosynthesis inhibition because
hydrocarbons tend to accumulate in the chloroplasts, which
explains the reduced levels of chlorophyll content in vegetation
affected by hydrocarbons.

BATTERY OPERATED VEHICLES

A GREEN SOLUTION

ANSHIKA AND ASHWIKA

Battery electric vehicles (often called BEVs) have a
powerful electric traction motor to replace the internal

combustion engine, and no fuel pump,
fuel line or fuel tank.

It therefore has no exhaust or tailpipe, and so no
‘tailpipe emissions’ (a key statistic used to rate the

emissions or otherwise of other vehicle types).

The electric car (also known as electric vehicle or EV)
uses energy stored in its rechargeable batteries, which

are recharged by common household electricity. EV
motors are made of fewer components and, unlike ICE
aka internal combustion engine, don’t mix fuel and air

after compression. This means lower maintenance
costs and less pollution. The running cost of an electric

car is estimated
to be a little over Rs 1 lakh after 6-8 years, whereas



the typical fuel-run car would
incur running costs of around
Rs 4.5 lakh in the same period.

TRISHA AND ASHWIKA





SOURCE INSTALLED CAPACITY PERCENTAGE



OF TOTAL
Hydropower 90.87




25%  
Solar power 3,620.79
48%

30000
Fossil power 35%



177.60 12%
Bio power

33%

128.10
Wind power

TIDAL ENERGY

AISHWARYA




HYDRO POWER

LAKSHITA

DOUBLE BAR GRAPH
ANSHIKA

PIE CHART

ANIRUDH

हिन्दी
नाश्ते के बाद एक सुबह, नितिन एक कप चाय के लिए तरस गया, लेकिन
वह जो कु छ भी पा सकता था वह कॉफी है। बाद में नितिन के दिमाग में
कु छ उछला। भारत में मुजे घर के बाहर च?ाय का एक अच्छा कप प्राप्त हो
सक्ता हैं
चाऔयोसर न"िमतेरिीनवाचलाीयोचसायश"ुरबूनाकनेरकनेे के लिए भारत वापस चला गया
लिए भारत की पहली व्यक्तिगत चाय
अकअ्टचूवबाधयराो2रस0ण13ापरमपेंेचशचाायकयीोकस।ोचग8ाु0डय़0ोग0ासं0वतमेकंरेसीकपभ्ोरंतीिसचषे्ाठवियत्यकगत्ैतालिजेगरीतियबकानिबायायाजीाजजराातमेतंाीअहैहपै नी
पहली उच्च सड़क की दुकान शुरू की
जनवरी 2015 में चायोस पर्यावरण के अनुकू ल डिस्पोजेबल के तली को
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अत्याधुनिक अनुसंधान चायोस के साल के बाद चाय रोबोट शुरू चाय
भिक्षुओं बुलाया चाय का एक सुसंगत कप काढ़ा करने के लिए
महामारी के दसौाराथनहचीाचयकाोियसयोासनेऔ"कजीररकबूीरईसतअमदंदनि्ोयनंोकंशमोाेंखख1Lाियलेाखएुंल" ीअभियान शुरू
भोजन परोसा
चायोस दो हजार बीस के दौरान और मजबूत हुआ जुलाई में दो हजार
बाईस चायोस बेंगलुरु में जयनगर कै फे के शुभारंभ के साथ भारत भर में
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चायोस का खोलना है पूरे भारत में एक हजार कै फे