FORMATION OF MALAYSIA (PDF)

FINDING AIDS
PROJECT

1963

FORMATION OF
MALAYSIA

FORMATION OF MALAYSIA

1963

FACULTY OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
PUNCAK PERDANA CAMPUS

NO. 1 JALAN PULAU ANGSA A U10/A,
SEKSYEN U10, 40150 SHAH ALAM
SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN


FIRST ISSUE 2022/ COPYRIGHT

EACH OF THESE PUBLICATIONS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, STORED FOR PRODUCTION,
OR TRANSFORM INTO ANOTHER FORM, EITHER BY ELECTRONIC
MEANS, MECHANICS, PHOTOGRAPH, RECORDING,
AND OTHERWISE WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE


ADVISOR
PROF TS. DR. MOHAMMAD NOORMAN MASREK
DEAN OF FACULTY OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
EDITOR
IRWAN KAMARUDDIN ABDUL KADIR
COMPILER
LIDYA ASHSHAFIQA FREDOLINE
ADVENT JURIS
ERICCA DAMIUS
ALIF AIMAN BIN ROSLI

Acknowledgement

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TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE
NO. CONTENT

1. Abbreation 5

2. Explanatory Notes 6

3. Introduction 7

4.  Chapter 1 (Before the Formation of Malaysia) 9-15

5.  Chapter 2(During Event Formation of Malaysia) 16-25


6. Chapter 3 (After Event Formation of Malaysia) 26-32
 33-38
7.  Chapter 4 (Ceremonies)

8.  Chapter 5 (Notable Individual)  39-45

9. Conclusion 46-46
10. List of Archival Material 47-49
11. List of Figures 50-55

12.  Index   57

13. Bibliography 58

ABBREVIATION

NO. ABBREVIATION DESCRIPTION

1. NOC National Operations Council

2. PAP People's Action Party

3. UMNO United Malays National
Organisation

4. MAGERAN MAJLIS GERAKAN NEGARA

5. USNO United Sabah National
Organisation

6. GE General Election

The purpose of the finding aids book is to make it EXPLANATORY
easier to find and use records and archival NOTES

resources relating to the "Formation Of Malaysia in
1963". Both electronic and non-electronic sources
can provide a variety of information. Records related

to a range of different sorts of photographs,
newspapers, manuscripts, movies, and many other
items. All of them are among the materials that are
available. This book also strives to make it simple for

researchers to discover and get the necessary
information. Each item is listed in compliance with
the collection type, which provides a basic inventory
and description of particular items. The information
in this finding aid was compiled using resources from

Malaysia's National Archives.

INTRODUCTION

The Federation of Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak, and
North Borneo merged on September 16, 1963, creating

The Federation of Malaysia (Sabah). A bill to split
Singapore from the Federation was passed by the
Malaysian parliament about two years later without

the approval of the Malaysia Agreement 1963
signatories. In the early 1960s, Indonesia and the
United States came into conflict. Race riots in 1969

prompted the declaration of emergency rule,
suspension of parliament, creation of the National

Operations Council (NOC), and proclamation of
Rukun Negara by NOC in 1970. Rukun Negara
became the country's guiding principle for fostering
unity among its people. In an effort to end poverty
and reorganise society so that racial identity was no
longer associated with economic function, the New
Economic Policy was also introduced in 1971 and
continued to be in effect until 1991. From 1991 to 2000,
this approach was maintained through the National

Development Policy.

CHAPTER 1:
BEFORE THE
FORMATION OF

MALAYSIA

FIGURE 1 On 1st April 1946, The Federated Malay States,
Unfederated Malay States, and the Straits
SIR EDWARD GENT, OFFICIATED AS THE
ACTING GAVERNOR OF MALAYAN UNION, Settlements of Penang and Malacca were brought
TOWN HALL, KUALA LUMPUR; 30.11.1946 together under the Malayan Union on April 1, 1946,
with Sir Edward Gent serving as its governor. Kuala
Accession Number:
Lumpur served as the Union's capital city. As a
2001/0025948W distinct crown colony, Singapore's former Straits
Settlement was governed. After the Second World
War, the British Military Administration originally
proposed the notion of the Union in October 1945
(though ideas had been given to the War Cabinet

as early as May 1944). In the same monthly, Sir
Harold MacMichael was tasked with securing the
consent of the Malay state heads for the Malayan
Union. He was able to dominate the approval of all
the Malay monarchs instantaneously. However,
many Malays opposed the establishment of the

Malayan Union at that time.

FIGURE 2 The resistance was due to the sovereignty and power of the
SIR HAROLD MAC MICHAEL. sultan being threatened. The Malays rose up against the

Accession Number: Malayan Union because the Malayan Union had threatened the
2001/0047761W sovereignty of the Malay rulers. The power of the Malay rulers

was reduced and the administration was taken over by the
Governor who had veto power. The second factor is the

granting of citizenship status. The principle of citizenship based
on soli juice has intensified the Malays' hatred towards other
races. Loose citizenship conditions allow non -Malays to have
the same rights as Malays. The third factor was the way Mac
Michael obtained the sultan’s signature. Mac Michael was sent
to Malaya to obtain the sultan's signature. He obtained the
consent of the Malay sultan by force. He threatened to remove
the sultan for colluding with the Japanese. Mac Michael did not
give the sultans time and opportunity to consult with the State
Legislative Council and their respective magnates. The Malays
were angry because Mac Michael did not explain to the sultans
the terms of the Malayan Union idea in detail before the sultan
signed the agreement. The leaders were angry and insulted by
the British arrogance which did not care about the interests of

the Malays. They regarded British action as unconstitutional and
undemocratic.

However, resistance to the Malayan Union was so strong that the plan could FIGURE 3
not be fully enforced. The resistance has been carried out by the Malays. It
has been done through news by leaders to call on the Malays to establish MENENTANG MALAYAN UNION, UCAPAN
Barisan Bersatu against the Malayan Union. Malay's news such as Warta OLEH LEFTENAN KOLONEL MUSA BIN
Negara and Utusan Melayu had published plans reminding the Malays of the YUSOF (LOMAK), ISTANA BESAR, KUALA
danger of the Malayan Union. The pressures of the news had caused the LUMPUR; 1946
leaders of organization to unite and voice opposition to the Malayan Union.
Accession Number:
Resistance was also carried out by demonstrations. Among the
demonstrations that have been held is on December 15, 1945, a 2001/0047748W
demonstration was held by the Kelantan Malay Association when Mac
Michael arrived at the palace of the Sultan of Kelantan. On January 19,
Persatuan Melayu Kedah held a demonstration in Alor Setar and was
accompanied by approximately 50 000 people. On February 1, 1946,
Persatuan Melayu Kelantan once again held a demonstration in Kota Bharu.
On February 10, 1946, another rally accompanied by 15 000 Malays including
women was held in Johor. Dato' Onn b. Ja'afar and Persatuan Melayu
Selangor had attempted to organize a Malayan Malay Congress. On March 29
and 30, 1946, the All-Malaya Malay Congress held a meeting and several
agreements were reached. Among them are, the Malays must unite to
oppose the Malayan Union, the Malay Kings, Majlis Mesyuarat Negeri experts
and the Malays will start the ceremony of declaration Malayan Union and the
Congress unanimously agreed to establish a strong political party to oppose
the Malayan Union. Finally, the Congress wants the British government to
withdraw the Malayan Union and retain Tanah Melayu (Malaya) as it was

before 1941.

On February 1st, 1948, the Malayan Union was replaced by the
Federation of Malaya, which included the nine Malay states as well as
the Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca. The only aspect of the

Malayan Union that was carried over into the new federation was
Singapore's exclusion, which was still treated as a separate royal
colony. The Malayan Union, which was formally established on 1 April
1946, was the result of British efforts to increase administrative
effectiveness through the establishment of a unitary state as the first
step toward Malaya's eventual self-government. The Malayan Union

plan, which called for the expansion of common citizenship to
immigrant communities and the ceding of Malay authority over the
Malay states, was nevertheless seen as a serious setback for Malay
political status. Widespread Malay opposition to the scheme prompted
the British to pursue confidential consultations with representatives of

the newly formed United Malays National Organisation (UMNO)

FIGURE 4 The Federation of Malaya was
HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR THE FEDERATION OF MALAYA, SIR established in 1948 as a result of the
EDWARD GENT AT TEA PARTY GIVEN IN HIS HONOUR. GROUP discussions, combining the regions
while providing special protections for
PHOTOGRAPH, MALACCA; 05.04.1948 Malay rights, including the sultans'

Accession Number: position. The more radical and
underprivileged segments of the
2001/0026724W Chinese population were worried by
these developments. In order to
overthrow the colonial authority, the
Communist Party of Malaya, a largely
Chinese outfit founded in 1930 that had
served as the backbone of the anti-
Japanese struggle, entered the jungles
in 1948. This sparked a 12-year period of

turmoil known as the Malayan
Emergency. Only a small portion of the

Chinese community supported the
communists as they engaged in a bloody

and ultimately unsuccessful struggle.

FIGURE 5 FIGURE 6 FIGURE 7

ISTANA NEGARA, YANG DI PERTUAN AGONG, TUANKU MALAYAN UNION WHITE PAPER. REORGANISATION OF THE MALAYAN
HAJI AHMAD SHAH BERKENAN BERANGKAT HADIR DI APPLICATIONS FOR COPIES OF :- UNION SECRETARIAT
MAJLIS MENGINGATI PEJUANG-PEJUANG MENENTANG
Accession Number: Accession Number:
MALAYAN UNION DI KUALA LUMPUR; 29.08.1983
1957/0623790W 1957/0618834W
Accession Number:

2001/0048397W

CHAPTER 2:
DURING THE
FORMATION OF

MALAYSIA

31 August 1957

FIGURE 8 Tunku Abdul Rahman, the first Chief Minister
of Malaya, announced independence on 31
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, SHOUTS OF August 1957. At 9:30 a.m., the proclamation
MERDEKA, MERDEKA STADIUM, KUALA
LUMPUR; 31.8.1957 was read at Merdeka Stadium in front of
thousands of Malaysians, rulers, and foreign
Accession Number: dignitaries. The proclamation recognises the
2001/0026710W
foundation of an independent and
democratic Malaya Federation after the
British protectorate over nine Malaya states

and British colonial administration in
Malacca and Penang.

17 January 1962 FIGURE 9

The Cobbold Commission was created to LORD COBBOLD, PENGERUSI
assess if North Borneo and Sarawak SURUHANJAYA COBBOLD.


supported forming a federation including Accession Number:
Malaya, Brunei, Singapore, North Borneo, 2001/0049905W

and Sarawak. Cobbold Commission
campaigned for the union of these
sovereign states and colonies when they

agreed.

9th July 1963 Proclamation
of Malaysia
FIGURE 10
British Malaya, North Borneo,
PRESS CONFERENCE. THE PRIME MINISTER, TUNKU ABDUL Sarawak, and Singapore signed the
RAHMAN PUTRA AL-HAJ AT A PRESS CONFERENCE IN THE
RESIDENCY ANNOUNCED THAT HE WILL BE LEAVING FOR Malaysia Agreement in 1963. The
Malaysia Act wasn't passed until 20
LONDON VIA SINGAPORE TONIGHT TO SIGN THE
AGREEMENT ON MALAYSIA, KUALA LUMPUR; 6.7.1963 August 1963. Malaysia Day was
originally intended for 31 August
Accession Number: 1963 but was postponed so the UN
could assess if Indonesia and the
2001/0028427W Philippines wanted to join Malaysia.

22nd July 1963



Sarawak was awarded
independence self-rule on 22nd July
1963, with the premise that it would

jointly establish the Federation of
Malaysia on 16th September the

same year.

9th August 1963



Singapore gained independence from the
British Empire under Yusof bin Ishak and Lee

Kuan Yew. Singapore, Sabah, and Sarawak
joined Malaysia as the 14th state on 16

September 1963, but declared independence
on 9 August 1965. Same day, the 1963 state

constitution is adopted.

31st August 1963



The 31st of August, 1963 marked the beginning of the Self-Government
Administration of the British Empire in North Borneo. This date also

marked the sixth anniversary of Malaya's independence from the British
Empire. Sabah was chosen as the new name for North Borneo on that
day. It was also the day when Malaysia was supposed to become an
independent nation, but the declaration of independence was
postponed until 16 September 1963 since Indonesia and the
Philippines, Malaysia's neighbours, had strong objections to the idea.

16th Sept
ember 1963 FIGURE 11
MALAYSIA DAY CELEBRATIONS THE CEREMONY OF
Federation of Malaya, Singapore,
British North Borneo (as Sabah) READING OF PROCLAMATION OF MALAYSIA,
and Sarawak became Malaysia. MERDEKA STADIUM, KUALA LUMPUR; 16.9.1963

The Malaysian independence

celebration was conducted in the Accession No:
2001/0028875W
same stadium as Malaya's 7
years earlier. Prime Minister

Tunku Abdul Rahman recited the

Malaysia Declaration before a
seven-fold "Merdeka" chorus.

FIGURE 12 FIGURE 13 FIGURE 14

TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN PUTRA AL-HAJ UPACARA PENGISYTIHARAN PENGISYTIHARAN MALAYSIA, BACAAN DOA
BERUCAP DI UPACARA MENANDATANGANI KEMERDEKAAN, STADIUM MERDEKA, SELAMAT, STADIUM MERDEKA, KUALA
LUMPUR; 16.09.1963
PERJANJIAN MALAYSIA ; 8.7.1963 KUALA LUMPUR; 31.8.1957
Accession Number:
Accession Number: Accession Number:
2001/0047730W
2001/0049902W 2001/0022979W

FIGURE 15 FIGURE 16

PENGISYTIHARAN KEMERDEKAAN BAGI TANAH KELIHATAN PARA-PARA HADIRIN DI
MELAYU, DI STADIUM MERDEKA, KUALA UPACARA PENGISYTIHARAN

LUMPUR PADA 31.8.1957, DIBUAT OLEH YTM KEMERDEKAAN DI STADIUM MERDEKA,
TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN PUTRA. KUALA LUMPUR (31.8.1957)

Accession Number: Accession Number:

1957/0001879E 1957/0001877E

CHAPTER 3:
AFTER EVENT
(Formation of

Malaysia)

9th August 1965

There has been an increase in the number of ethnic conflicts, and
there are ongoing disputes between the People's Action Party (PAP)

and the United Malaysian National Organization. As a result,
Malaysia's Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman has recommended

to the Malaysian Parliment that it should make the decision to
expel Singapore from the Federation (UMNO). On August 9, 1965, a

vote was held in Parliment, which resulted in Singapore and
Malaysia breaking away from one another to form their own

countries the following year.

To prevent a repeat of the communal violence that had occurred in Figure 17
1964, Tunku Abdul Rahman, who had been appointed Malaysia's
Prime Minister, was under pressure to step in. He made the RUSUHAN SINGAPURA, LAWATAN TIMBALAN PERDANA
decision to separate Singapore from the federation while in MENTERI, TUN ABDUL RAZAK BIN HUSSEIN,
London for the Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference in SINGAPURA; 22.07.1964
June 1965. He informed his senior officer, Tun Abdul Razak, who
was then given the task of consulting with senior Malaysian Accession Number:
ministers and laying the groundwork for separation. When Tunku
Abdul Rahman arrived back in Kuala Lumpur on August 5, 2001/0025882W

Singapore's days as a member of the federation had already ended.
The leaders of both countries had a lot to share on August 9, 1965,
as separation had become a reality. However, all agreements were

signed in total secrecy. In Singapore, some senior PAP cabinet
members, most notably Deputy Prime Minister Toh Chin Chye and

Culture Minister Rajaratnam, were also cluelesss in addition to
civil workers and permanent secretaries. Goh Keng Swee,

Singapore's former finance minister, and Tun Razak, Malaysia's, led
their respective countries' discussions. On August 9, Razak wanted
to arrange a meeting of the federal parliment, and he pushed for
the legal documents requesting Singapore's release to be brought

up at that meeting.

Goh Keng Swee and Barker made plans to travel to Kuala
Lumpur to complete the separation as the deadline of 9
August got closer. They arrived in the city in silence on 6
August. To review and finalise the separation documents,
Lee, who was in Cameron Highlands at the time, travelled for
Kuala Lumpur and arrived on August 6. Ismail bin Dato Abdul
Rahman, the Malaysian Home Affairs Minister, followed by
Kadir Yusof, Barker, and Goh. The final draught was typed
late that evening and signed by Goh, Barker, Razak, Ismail,
Malaysian Finance Minister Tan Siew Sin, and Malaysian
Minister for Works V. T. Sambanthan well after midnight. It

also had a few changes and insertions.

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TSMhippnellaopoaateolrTfa-ccaoMevhftreeyophteitasksiiirhneennliealaetpsegstMyloordeemhausnnannectealleteoi1taycdnerh3ytietedagnaahsaMlgtribceKreaiaoaydau1loiayieann9tanulcth16siltvte1tae99biaii9o6.oo1LrAt6I9nen9lun9elta6,lmwht,ni9tkwhaoechap.napoheIesuetctpfixrttcewttot,hhphoohsPaaeeooiewakttnkkrierasotiesyon.t.

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situation in 13 Mei:




Figure 18

MENTERI BESAR SELANGOR, DATO' HAJI HARUN
BIN IDRIS; 1964-1978

Accession Number:

2001/0047297W

Majlis Gerakan Negara or MAGERAN was the governing Figure 19
body of Malaysia during the emergency period following
the May 13 incident after the parliamentary government GAMBAR TUN ABDUL RAZAK HUSSEIN DENGAN AHLI
MAGERAN; 07.02.1971
system in Malaysia was suspended. The Declaration of
Emergency was gazetted and came into force on 16 May Accession Number:
1969 under Ordinance No. 2 (Necessary Powers) Emergency
1969. MAGERAN was authorized to conduct business from 2001/0047530W
16 May 1969 to 23 February 1971. MAGERAN was chaired by
the Deputy Prime Minister, Tun Abdul Razak Hussein. The

National Unity Department under MAGERAN was
established to address the issues of rebuilding community

unity at that time. During his administration, MAGERAN
has formed the principle of Rukun Negara which is the
national ideology of Malaysia to this day. MAGERAN was

dissolved in 1971 with the restoration of Parliament.

CHAPTER 4:
CEREMONIES

16th September 1963 Figure 20

Malaysia was officially established on 16 September 1963 MALAYSIA DAY CELEBRATIONS - THE
where in the establishment of the country it involved a READING OF PROCLAMATION OF
coalition between the Federation of Malaya, Singapore,
Sarawak and North Borneo (Sabah).Revisiting the journey of MALAYSIA, MERDEKA STADIUM, KUALA
malaysia's formation 50 years ago, it began when the then LUMPUR ON SEPTEMBER 16, 1963.
Prime Minister of the Federation of Malaya, Tunku Abdul
Rahman Putra Al-Haj in his speech in front of the Association Accession Number:
of Foreign Journalists of Southeast Asia Conference held at
the Hotel Adelphi, Singapore on 27 May 1961 had envisioned 1957/0001903E
the establishment of a country involving the Federation of
Malaya coalition, Singapore, Brunei, Sarawak and Sabah.

The Beginning of a Country Figure 21

Thus, on September 16, 1963, the idea came true MALAYSIA DAY CELEBRATIONS - THE
and was born a Federation known as Malaysia. The READING OF PROCLAMATION OF
declaration was made at Stadium Merdeka, Kuala
Lumpur. The readings of the Malaysian declaration MALAYSIA, MERDEKA STADIUM, KUALA
were held before the Yang di Pertuan Agong, the LUMPUR ON SEPTEMBER 17, 1963.
Malay Rulers, the Governors of Penang, Malacca,
Singapore, and Sabah. The same declaration was Accession Number:
also made simultaneously in Jesselton (Kota 1957/0001906E
Kinabalu), Kuching and Singapore attended by the
respective state leaders, Tun Mohammad Fuad
Stephens, Tan Sri Stephen Kalong Ningkan and Lee
Kuan Yew.

The reading of proclamation of Malaysia, Merdeka
Stadium, Kuala Lumpur, on September 17, 1963. His
majesty the Yang Di- Pertuan Agong leading the rulers
and governors to the Dais for the proclamation of

Malaysia ceremony.

Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24

MALAYSIA DAY CELEBRATIONS, THE CEREMONY OF MALAYSIA DAY CELEBRATIONS - SCHOOL MALAYSIA DAY CELEBRATIONS - SCHOOL
READING OF PROCLAMATION OF INDEPENDENCE CHILDREN'S RALLY AT THE MERDEKA STADIUM, CHILDREN'S RALLY AT THE MERDEKA

THE YANG DI- PERTUAN AGONG LEADING THE KUALA LUMPUR ON SEPTEMBER, 16, 1963. STADIUM, KUALA LUMPUR ON SEPTEMBER 16,
RULERS AND GOVERNORS TO THE DAIS STADIUM 1963.
Accession Number: 1957/0001902E
MERDEKA, KUALA LUMPUR; 17.09.1963 Accession Number:

Accession Number: 1957/0001909E

2001/0028878W

Figure 25 Figure 26

MALAYSIA DAY CELEBRATIONS - 17 MALAYSIA DAY CELEBRATIONS - INAUGURAL
SEPTEMBER 1963. CEREMONY AT THE MERDEKA STADIUM, KUALA

Accession Number: LUMPUR, ON SEPTEMBER 16, 1963.

2001/0028876W Accession
Number:

1957/0001916E

During the ceremony of formation of Malaysia

Figure 27 MALAYSIA DAY Figure 28
CELEBRATIONS
MALAYSIA DAY CELEBRATIONS - SCHOOL MALAYSIA DAY CELEBRATIONS IN KUALA
CHILDREN'S RALLY AT THE MERDEKA STADIUM, IN KUALA LUMPUR - INAUGURAL CEREMONY AT MERDEKA
LUMPUR -
KUALA LUMPUR ON SEPTEMBER 16, 1963. INAUGURAL STADIUM ON SEPTEMBER 16, 1963.
CEREMONY AT
MERDEKA
STADIUM ON
SEPTEMBER
16, 1963.

Accession Number: Accession Number:

1957/0001920E 1957/0001907E

CHAPTER 5:
NOTABLE
INDIVIDUAL

FIGURE 29 TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN PUTRA AL-HAJ
In 1956, Tunku desired immediate independence for
ACCESSION NUMBER Malaya from British authority. He did not want efforts to
2001/0027544W merge or expand the country's land to interrupt this most

essential objective. Therefore, Malaya achieved
independence in 1957 before Singapore and the British
"timetable." This made it difficult to implement the British
Grand Design, therefore it never fulfilled. This "Grand
Design," also known as the "Colonial Malaysia Scheme,"
was intended to be completed in phases. The objective of

the initial step was to merge the political systems of
Malaya, Singapore, and the regions of Borneo.The idea of
Malaysia, on the other hand, stayed alive in the minds of
both the British and Tunku Abdul Rahman. It finally came

to be in 1963, when decolonization and expansionist
Southeast Asian nationalisms came together. Malaya
became independent in 1957, and Tunku Abdul Rahman
brought up the idea of making Malaysia again on May 27,

1961.

TUN ABDUL RAZAK

Tun Abdul Razak was the person at the centre of the FIGURE 30
strategic reorganisation of the federation after the FORMATION OF FEDERATION OF MALAYSIA.THE DEPUTY
elections of 1969. He joined the UMNO in 1950, and when
Tunku took over Dato Onn as president the year after that, PRIME MINISTER, TUN ABDUL RAZAK BIN HUSSEIN,
Razak became his vice president. Before Independence, he RETURNED KUALA LUMPUR; 11.7.1963
set up the multiracial education policy that was still in place ACCESSION NUMBER
in the 1970s. After the country got its independence, he 2001/0028437W
was made deputy prime minister, minister of defence, and
minister of rural development. He thus came to the task of
restoring stability with experience in crucial portfolios and
with intimate knowledge of the Malaysian political system.
In 1970, the Tunku resigned as prime minister and Tun
Razak replaced him and remained prime minister until his

widely mourned death from leukemia in 1976.

TUN JUGAH

The Cobbold Commission aided the case for federation by permitting FIGURE 31
the official dissemination of British propaganda that emphasised the
dangers of communism as a threat in Borneo (from Indonesia) and DATUK PATINGGI TAN SRI TEMENGGUNG JUGAH
asserted that the future of Borneo territories separate from Malaysia ANAK BARIENG; 08/07/1981
would be economically impossible. These arguments convinced local
leaders like Tun Jugah to support Sarawak's entry into the federation, Accession Number:
2001/0046534W
but they also demanded a number of conditions be met before
Sarawak could join. Tun Jugah also was one of the Sarawak

representatives who attended the formal negotiations between Kuala
Lumpur and the states that would comprise the proposed federation.

He is well-known for adding a unique clause to the new federal
Constitution. This clause actually protects the native custom of the
people of Sarawak. Jugah was one of four Sarawakians who travelled
to London in July 1963 to sign the Malaysia Agreement and formed

the Federation of Malaysia. The birthday of the Federation of
Malaysia is August 31, 1963.

LEE KUAN YEW

Since the 1950s, Singapore has sought to join the Federation of Malaya. Lee Kuan
Yew and his party, the People's Action Party (PAP), supported the initiative because

they feared the influence of the powerful left-wing party and want to protect his
position. In December 1961, the Singapore State Legislative Council supported the
merger plan. The major opposition party in Singapore, Barisan Sosialis, opposed the
idea and said that the establishment of Malaysia marked a new kind of colonialism.
They demanded consultation with Singaporeans prior to the country's entrance into
the alliance. Their position is supported by the Labor Party, led by David Marshall,
and the United People's Party, led by Ong Eng Guan, who urged the Singaporean

government to consult public opinion. After the Singaporean discussions, a
referendum campaign was conducted. The campaign examines the merits and
downsides of Malaysia's founding and the merger, as well as the benefits and
drawbacks for Singaporeans. In November 1961, as proposed by the Singapore
government and accepted by the Federal government of Malaya, Singaporeans

voted in favour of uniting with Malaysia in a referendum

TUN FUAD DONALD
STEPHEN

Tun Fuad Donald Stephens, Tun Mustapha of the United FIGURE 32
Sabah National Organisation (USNO), Lee Kuan Yew of HARI KEPUTERAAN KE 47, YANG DI PERTUAN AGONG,
MENGURNIAKAN SERI MAHARAJA MANGKU NEGARA KEPADA
Singapore, and Tunku Abdul Rahman, formerly the TAN SRI HAJI MOHAMED FUAD, YANG DI PERTUA NEGARA
Minister of Malaya, all participated in the discussions that SABAH, ISTANA NEGARA, KUALA LUMPUR;04.06.1975
led to the formation of Malaysia. Malaysia was established
on September 16, 1963, which is today known as Malaysia

ACCESSION NUMBER
Day. Initially, he was resistant to Sabah joining the
Federation. However, because the British were concerned 2001/0043191W
about the stability of the region and wished to surrender
all of their possessions after World War II, he was gradually
persuaded to move in that direction. After his death, Tun

Fuad Stephens was dubbed "Father of Malaysia from
Sabah" (Bapa Malaysia Dari Sabah) and "Huguan Siou."

TUN DATU MUSTAPHA

Tun Datu Mustapha played a major role in the FIGURE 33
formation of Malaysia. His biggest contribution to the TUN DATU HAJI MUSTAPHA

state of Sabah, especially in the establishment of ACCESSSION NUMBER
Malaysia, was when he was involved in the process of 1978/0001532S
statistics 20, or "Claim of Twenty Things," which will

be considered for inclusion in the new Federal
constitution. September 16 is a important date for
every Malaysian because that is the date the nation of

Malaysia was formed. As an individual who was
directly involved in the process of the formation of
Malaysia, it is certain that during the declaration of

Malaysia he was also involved.

CONCLUSION

Finally, the concept of unifying Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, and Singapore as a country has a
long history. Despite the early phases of support and approval, this concept was finally realised on
September 16, 1963, without Brunei's participation. Singapore, on the other hand, seceded from the
Federation of Malaysia in 1965, after just two years in the Federation. This distinction is necessary to
ensure Malaysia's safety and peace. Tunku Abdul Rahman and Lee Kuan Yew signed an agreement to
separate Singapore from Malaysia's Federation as an independent and sovereign state. Because of this
occurrence, the Federal of Malaysia was altered for the first time, allowing Singapore to leave
Malaysia and become a free nation. This change affects both the Constitution and the Malaysia Act
(Singapore Amendment) Act 1965. Meanwhile, comparable to the Malays on the Peninsular, the
indigenous people of Sabah and Sarawak, including non-Malays, have their status recognised and
safeguarded by Malaysia's Federal Constitution under Article 160 (2). From a political standpoint,
ethnic and regional political parties in Sabah and Sarawak continue to contribute to Malaysian politics
to this day. Indeed, the foundation of Malaysia has provided numerous benefits to Malaya, Sabah, and
Sarawak in terms of politics, pluralism, and socioeconomic development.

LIST OF
ARCHIVAL MATERIALS

DOCUMENT

NO. ACCESSION DESCRIPTION
NUMBER

1. 2001/0069086W FEDERATION OF MALAYA AGREEMENT (AMENDMENT NO) ORDINANCE, 1956 [PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION ETC.]

2 1957/0623790W MALAYAN UNION WHITE PAPER. APPLICATIONS FOR COPIES OF :-

3 2005/0013769W ORGANIZATION OF THE MALAYAN COMMUNIST PARTY (1941-1942)

4. 2010/0008845W MALAYAN UNION AND FEDERATION OF MALAYA, SUBSIDIARY LEGISLATION AND OTHER LEGAL NOTIFICATIONS,
1ST JANUARY TO 31ST DECEMBER 1948

5. 2001/0069265W FEDERATION OF MALAYA AGREEMENT 1948 INTERPRETATION OF;-

6 2008/0000410D MALAYAN UNION DAN UMNO

7. 2002/0012872W PEMISAHAN SINGAPURA DARI MALAYSIA OLEH Y.A.B. TUN ABDUL RAZAK BIN HUSSEIN, T.T.

8. 2012/0008740W TUN RAZAK, TRAGEDI 13 MEI DAN PERPADUAN NASIONAL.

9. 2006/0057169W SEPARATION OF SINGAPORE FROM MALAYSIA

images

NO. ACCESSION DESCRIPTION PAGE
NUMBER
10
1. 2001/0025948W SIR EDWARD GENT, OFFICIATED AS THE ACTING GAVERNOR OF MALAYAN UNION, TOWN HALL, KUALA 11
LUMPUR; 30.11.1946 12

2. 2001/0047761W SIR HAROLD MAC MICHAEL. 14


3. 2001/0047748W MENENTANG MALAYAN UNION, UCAPAN OLEH LEFTENAN KOLONEL MUSA BIN YUSOF (LOMAK), 15 
ISTANA BESAR, KUALA LUMPUR; 1946
15
4. 2001/0026724W HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR THE FEDERATION OF MALAYA, SIR EDWARD GENT AT TEA PARTY GIVEN IN 15
HIS HONOUR. GROUP PHOTOGRAPH, MALACCA; 05.04.1948 17


ISTANA NEGARA, YANG DI PERTUAN AGONG, TUANKU HAJI AHMAD SHAH BERKENAN BERANGKAT
5. 2001/0048387W  HADIR DI MAJLIS MENGINGATI PEJUANG-PEJUANG MENENTANG MALAYAN UNION DI KUALA LUMPUR;

29.08.1983

6. 2001/0048397 MALAYAN UNION WHITE PAPER. APPLICATIONS FOR COPIES OF :-

7. 1957/0623790W REORGANISATION OF THE MALAYAN UNION SECRETARIAT

8. 2001/0026710W DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, SHOUTS OF MERDEKA, MERDEKA STADIUM, KUALA LUMPUR;
31.8.1957

NO. ACCESSION DESCRIPTION PAGE
NUMBER LORD COBBOLD, PENGERUSI SURUHANJAYA COBBOLD.


9. 2001/0049905W 18  

10. 2001/0028427W PRESS CONFERENCE. THE PRIME MINISTER, TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN PUTRA AL-HAJ AT A PRESS

CONFERENCE IN THE RESIDENCY ANNOUNCED THAT HE WILL BE LEAVING FOR LONDON VIA 19  
SINGAPORE TONIGHT TO SIGN THE AGREEMENT ON MALAYSIA, KUALA LUMPUR; 6.7.1963  

11. 2001/0028875W MALAYSIA DAY CELEBRATIONS THE CEREMONY OF READING OF PROCLAMATION OF MALAYSIA, 23
12. 2001/0049902W MERDEKA STADIUM, KUALA LUMPUR; 16.9.1963 24
13. 2001/0022979W 24
TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN PUTRA AL-HAJ BERUCAP DI UPACARA MENANDATANGANI PERJANJIAN 24
MALAYSIA ; 8.7.1963 25

UPACARA PENGISYTIHARAN KEMERDEKAAN, STADIUM MERDEKA, KUALA LUMPUR; 31.8.1957

14. 2001/0047730W PENGISYTIHARAN MALAYSIA, BACAAN DOA SELAMAT, STADIUM MERDEKA, KUALA LUMPUR; 16.09.1963

15. 1957/0001879E PENGISYTIHARAN KEMERDEKAAN BAGI TANAH MELAYU, DI STADIUM MERDEKA, KUALA LUMPUR PADA
31.8.1957, DIBUAT OLEH YTM TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN PUTRA.