GreenSciencePortfolio-2017-CharlesFeketeClassof2021

6. A bullet is shot from a rifle with a speed of 720 m/s. What time is required for the bullet
to strike a target 3240 m away?

Answer: 4.5 s.

7. Light from the sun reaches the earth in 8.3 minutes. The speed of light is 3.0 ​×​ 10​8​ m/s.
In kilometers, how far is the earth from the sun?

Answer: 1.5 ×​ ​ 10​8​ km.

8. *An auto travels at a rate of 25 km/hr for 4 minutes, then at 50 km/hr for 8 minutes, and
finally at 20 km/hr for 2 minutes. Find the total distance covered in km and the average
speed for the complete trip in m/s.

Answers: 9 km, 10.7 m/s.

9. *If you traveled one mile at a speed of 100 miles per hour and another mile at a speed of
1 mile per hour, your average speed would not be (100 mph + 1 mph)/2 or 50.5 mph.
What would be your average speed? (Hint: What is the total distance and total time?)

Answer: 1.98 mph.

10. *What is your average speed in each of these cases?
a. You run 100 m at a speed of 5.0 m/s and then you walk 100 m at a speed of 1.0
m/s.
b. You run for 100 s at a speed of 5.0 m/s and then you walk for 100 s at a speed of
1.0 m/s.

Answers: 1.7 m/s, 3.0 m/s.

11. *A race car driver must average 200 km/hr for four laps to qualify for a race. Because of
engine trouble, the car averages only 170 km/hr over the first two laps. What average
speed must be maintained for the last two laps?

12. *A car traveling 90 km/hr is 100 m behind a truck traveling 50 km/hr. How long will it
take the car to reach the truck?

13. The peregrine falcon is the world's fastest known bird and has been clocked diving
downward toward its prey at constant vertical velocity of 97.2 m/s. If the falcon dives
straight down from a height of 100. m, how much time does this give a rabbit below to
consider his next move as the falcon begins his descent?

More Speed and Velocity Problems

14. Hans stands at the rim of the Grand Canyon and yodels down to the bottom. He hears his
yodel back from the canyon floor 5.20 s later. Assume that the speed of sound in air is
340.0 m/s. How deep is the canyon?

d = vt
d = 341m/s (5.20s)
d = 1773.2m

15. The horse racing record for a 1.50 mi. track is shared by two horses: Fiddle Isle, who ran
the race in 143 s on March 21, 1970, and John Henry, who ran the same distance in an
equal time on March 16, 1980. What were the horses' average speeds in:
a. mi/s?

v = d/t
v = 1.5mi/143s
v = 0.01mi/s

b. mi/hr?

1hr = 60s
v = 0.01mi/s (3600s)
v = 36m/hr

16. For a long time it was the dream of many runners to break the "4-minute mile." Now
quite a few runners have achieved what once seemed an impossible goal. On July 2,
1988, Steve Cram of Great Britain ran a mile in 3.81 min. During this amazing run, what
was Steve Cram's average speed in:
a. mi/min?
b. mi/hr?

17. It is now 10:29 a.m., but when the bell rings at 10:30 a.m. Suzette will be late for French

class for the third time this week. She must get from one side of the school to the other

by hurrying down three different hallways. She runs down the first hallway, a distance of

35.0 m, at a speed of 3.50 m/s. The second hallway is filled with students, and she covers

its 48.0 m length at an average speed of 1.20 m/s. The final hallway is empty, and

Suzette sprints its 60.0 m length at a speed of 5.00 m/s.

a. Does Suzette make it to class on time or does she get detention for being

late again?

b. Draw a distance vs. time graph of the situation. (Assume constant speeds

for each hallway.)

18. During an Apollo moon landing, reflecting panels were placed on the moon. This
allowed earth-based astronomers to shoot laser beams at the moon's surface to determine
its distance. The reflected laser beam was observed 2.52 s after the laser pulse was sent.
The speed of light is 3.0 ​×​ 108​ ​ m/s. What was the distance between the astronomers and
the moon?

19. For many years, the posted highway speed limit was 88.5 km/hr (55 mi/hr) but in recent
years some rural stretches of highway have increased their speed limit to 104.6 km/hr (65
mi/hr). In Maine, the distance from Portland to Bangor is 215 km. How much time can
be saved in making this trip at the new speed limit?

20. The tortoise and the hare are in a road race to defend the honor of their breed. The
tortoise crawls the entire 1000. m distance at a speed of 0.2000 m/s while the rabbit runs
the first 200.0 m at 2.000 m/s The rabbit then stops to take a nap for 1.300 hr and
awakens to finish the last 800.0 m with an average speed of 3.000 m/s. Who wins the
race and by how much time?

21. Two physics professors challenge each other to a 100. m race across the football field.
The loser will grade the winner's physics labs for one month. Dr. Rice runs the race in
10.40 s. Dr. De La Paz runs the first 25.0 m with an average speed of 10.0 m/s, the next
50.0 m with an average speed of 9.50 m/s, and the last 25.0 m with an average speed of
11.1 m/s. Who gets stuck grading physics labs for the next month?

Acceleration Worksheet.

Name:Charlie Fekete, Kendall Perez, Jaylenn Cafourek, Kiran

Johnson

Date: 2-28-17

14.2 Acceleration

Acceleration is the rate of change in the speed of an object. To determine the rate of acceleration,
you use the formula below. The units for acceleration are meters per second per second or m/s2.

A positive value for acceleration shows speeding up, and negative value for acceleration shows
slowing down. Slowing down is also called d​ eceleration​.
The acceleration formula can be rearranged to solve for other variables such as final speed (v​ ​2)
and time (​t)​ .

EXAMPLES
1. A skater increases her velocity from 2.0 m/s to 10.0 m/s in 3.0 seconds. What is the skater’s

acceleration? Solution

Looking for
Acceleration of the skater

The acceleration of the skater is 2.7 meters per
second per second.

Given
Beginning speed = 2.0 m/s
Final speed = 10.0 m/s
Change in time = 3 seconds

Relationship

2. A car accelerates at a rate of 3.0 m/s2. If its original speed is 8.0 m/s, how many seconds will it
take the car to reach a final speed of 25.0 m/s?

Looking for Solution
The time to reach the final speed.

`

The time for the car to reach its final speed is 5.7
seconds.

Given
Beginning speed = 8.0 m/s; Final speed = 25.0 m/s
Acceleration = 3.0 m/s2
Relationship

1. While traveling along a highway a driver slows from 24 m/s to 15 m/s in 12 seconds. What is the
automobile’s acceleration? (Remember that a negative value indicates a slowing down or
deceleration.)

A = (V2 - V1)/T2
A = (15 m/s - 24 m/s)/12 Sec.
A = -9 m/s/12 sec.
A=

2. A parachute on a racing dragster opens and changes the speed of the car from 85 m/s to 45 m/s in
a period of 4.5 seconds. What is the acceleration of the dragster?

3. The table below includes data for a ball rolling down a hill. Fill in the missing data values in the
table and determine the acceleration of the rolling ball.

Time (seconds) Speed (km/h)

0 (start) 0 (start)

23

6

9
8
10 15

Acceleration = ___________________________

4. A car traveling at a speed of 30.0 m/s encounters an emergency and comes to a complete stop.
How much time will it take for the car to stop if it decelerates at -4.0 m/s2?

5. If a car can go from 0 to 60 mi/hr in 8.0 seconds, what would be its final speed after 5.0 seconds
if its starting speed were 50 mi/hr?

6. A cart rolling down an incline for 5.0 seconds has an acceleration of 4.0 m/s2. If the cart has a
beginning speed of 2.0 m/s, what is its final speed?

7. A helicopter’s speed increases from 25 m/s to 60 m/s in 5 seconds. What is the acceleration of
this helicopter?

8. As she climbs a hill, a cyclist slows down from 25 mi/hr to 6 mi/hr in 10 seconds. What is her
deceleration?

9. A motorcycle traveling at 25 m/s accelerates at a rate of 7.0 m/s2 for 6.0 seconds. What is the

final speed of the motorcycle?

10. A car starting from rest accelerates at a rate of 8.0 m/s/s. What is its final speed at the end of 4.0
seconds?

11. After traveling for 6.0 seconds, a runner reaches a speed of 10 m/s. What is the runner’s
acceleration?

12. A cyclist accelerates at a rate of 7.0 m/s2. How long will it take the cyclist to reach a speed of 18
m/s?

13. A skateboarder traveling at 7.0 meters per second rolls to a stop at the top of a ramp in 3.0
seconds. What is the skateboarder’s acceleration?

Article Reflection:

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/gravity-waves-black-holes-verify-einsteins-prediction?tgt=n
r

Write a 5 sentence reflection related to the article. Use evidence from the article.

QUIZ: Motion

Name:​ Charlie Fekete Date: 3-8-17

Formulas:

A= v2 −v1 V2 = V1 + (a * T) T= V2−V1
T2 a

1. After traveling for 14.0 seconds, a bicyclist reaches a speed of 89 m/s. What is the runner’s

acceleration?

A= v2 −v1
T2
89 − 44
A =​ 14

A = ​0.3146067415730337​ m/s = 18°Angle

2. A car starting from rest accelerates at a rate of 18.0 m/s/s. What is its final speed at the end of
5.0 seconds?

A= v2 −v1
T2
18 − 5
A = 5

A = ​0.3846153846153846​ m/s = 23° Angle

3. A cyclist accelerates at a rate of 16.0 m/s2. How long will it take the cyclist to reach a speed
of 49 m/s?

T= V2−V1
a
49 − 16
T= 65

T = ​0.5076923076923077 m/s = 30​° Angle

4. Hans stands at the rim of the Grand Canyon and yodels down to the bottom. He hears his
yodel back from the canyon floor 5.9 s later. Assume that the speed of sound in air is 740.0
m/s. How deep is the canyon?

A= v2 −v1
T2
740 − 5.9
A= 5.9

A = 0.01594594594594595 m/s = 9​° Angle

5. T​he horse travelled 2.59 miles in 384 seconds. What was the speed of the horse in:
a. Miles per second
b. Miles per hour

6. It is now 10:29 a.m., but when the bell rings at 10:30 a.m. Suzette will be late for French class
for the third time this week. She must get from one side of the school to the other by hurrying
down three different hallways. She runs down the first hallway, a distance of 65.0 m, at a
speed of 5.2 m/s. The second hallway is filled with students, and she covers its 32.0 m length

at an average speed of 1.46 m/s. The final hallway is empty, and Suzette sprints its 60.0 m
length at a speed of 7.3 m/s.

a. Does Suzette make it to class on time or does she get detention for being late again?
b. Draw a distance vs. time graph of the situation. (Assume constant speeds for each

hallway.)

T= V2−V1
a

T= 5.2 − 2.6
65.0

T = 11.6

T= V2−V1
a

T= 1.46 − 0.73
32.0

T = 21.9

T= V2−V1
a
7.3 − 3.65
T= 60.0

T = 8.2

FINAL TIME = 41.7 Seconds

7. The tortoise and the hare are in a road race to defend the honor of their breed. The tortoise

crawls the entire 1000. m distance at a speed of 0.35 m/s while the rabbit runs the first 200.0

m at 1.85 m/s The rabbit then stops to take a nap for 1.200 hr and awakens to finish the last

800.0 m with an average speed of 4.2 m/s. Who wins the race and by how much time?
V2−V1
T= a

T= 0.35
1000
T = 28 Hours

T= V2−V1
a
T= 4.2 − 1.85
1000

T = 2.8 Hours

8. What is the Acceleration of the Cart on the Ramp? Determine the Angle of the Ramp (A).

Angle Chart: ​https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B4RmhXJlHvo1YXZhcDNMSDNSMXc

Which Angle had the greatest Acceleration? Write a Conclusion based on your findings. Create
a Graph if you have time.

Height of

Ramp Velocity Velocity
2 Acceleration
(Opposite) Dist. 1 Time 1 1 Dist. 2 Time 2

50 m 45 m 9 sec. 5 45 m 3 sec. 12 sec over a
90m ramp

15 7.5

25 sec over a
120m ramp

50 m 60 m 15 sec. 4 60 m 10 sec. 6 4.8

Conclusion: In conclusion, the distance f these ramps are quite similar and so are the Velocity. In
ramp one V1 = 5 while V2 = 15. Meanwhile. On ramp two V1 = 4 and V2 = 6. Although the
distance varied from about 30m the velocities were very similar. Ultimately this is how the two
ramps were different

Potential Energy Project
Due: Friday 3/17

Define and make note cards for the following words:

Energy Joules Chemical Potential Law of
Energy Conservation of
The strength and The SI unit of work or Energy
vitality required for energy, equal to the In thermodynamics,
sustained physical or work done by a force chemical potential, In physics, the law of
mental activity. of one newton when also known as partial conservation of
its point of application molar free energy, is energy states that the
moves one meter in a form of potential total energy of an
the direction of action energy that can be isolated system
of the force, absorbed or released remains constant—it
equivalent to one during a chemical is said to be
3600th of a reaction or phase conserved over time.
watt-hour. transition. Energy can neither
be created nor
destroyed; rather, it
transforms from one
form to another.

Kinetic Energy Kilojoules Elastic Potential Gravity
Energy
Energy that a body kJ (kilojoules) is the The force that
possesses by virtue Australian measure Elastic potential attracts a body
of being in motion. of how much energy energy is Potential toward the center of

people get from energy stored as a the earth, or toward
consuming a food or result of deformation any other physical
drink. Energy in food of an elastic object, body having mass.
and drinks is such as the For most purposes
measured by the stretching of a spring. Newton's laws of
number of kJ It is equal to the work gravity apply, with
(kilojoules) it done to stretch the minor modifications
provides. kJ are spring, which to take the general
similar to Calories: 1 depends upon the theory of relativity
kJ = 0.2 Calories spring constant k as into account.
(Cals) 1 Calorie = 4.2 well as the distance
kJs. stretched.

Potential Energy Gravitational Mechanical Energy
Potential Energy
The energy Mechanical energy is
possessed by a body Gravitational potential defined as the energy
by virtue of its energy is energy an of an object or
position relative to object possesses system due to its
others, stresses because of its motion or position. It
within itself, electric position in a is the sum of the
charge, and other gravitational field. kinetic and potential
factors. The most common energy of an object.
use of gravitational
potential energy is for
an object near the
surface of the Earth
where the
gravitational
acceleration can be
assumed to be
constant at about 9.8
m/s2​ .​

Resource: ​http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Potential-Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy
Determine the Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) of 3 different masses (g) at 3 different
heights.
3 objects: You, gallon of milk, television (research the masses)
* 2.2 lbs = 1 kg
Data Table:

Your data table will need: Object, mass, gravity, height, GPE
Videos: ​http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5JeLiSBqQY
*Video shows you how to use the GPE equation.

Determine the GPE of one of the masses on the following planets:
“Kotulskian” - 17% greater than Earth’s Gravity
“Danuzzitopia” - 39% less than Earth’s Gravity
“Carlucciville” - 82% greater than Earth’s Gravity
“Cheshire” - 63% less than Earth’s Gravity

Calculations:
Change the names below
A. Planet Goffinian:

9.8 x .17 = 1.7
9.8 + 1.7 = 11.5%

B. Planet Cabrerian:

9.8 x .39 = 3.8
9.8 + 3.8 = 13.6%

C. Planet Biondi:

9.8 x .82 = 8.0
9.8 + 8.0 = 17.8%

D. Planet Guralnick:

9.8 x .63 = 6.1
9.8 + 6.1 = 15.9%

Data Table:

Planet Name GPE

Goffinian 11.50%

Cabrerian 13.60%

Biondi 17.80%

Guralnick 15.90%
Graph:

Critical Thinking Questions:
1. What factors affect Gravitational Potential Energy?
The factors that affect an object's gravitational potential energy are its height relative to some
reference point, its mass, and the strength of the gravitational field it is in.
2. Why did the GPE change on the other planets?
Because each planet had a different Gravitational Pull
3. Which planet would you be able to hit a golf ball further? Explain using data.
Planet Goffinian because it had the lowest GPE
4. How does GPE relate to Chemical Potential Energy?
Gravitational potential energy only depends on the gravitational potential of the point and the
mass of the object. Although, Potential energy can depend on many other factors such as
charge, current, electric potential and many others. But, Gravitational potential can only take
negative values, but potential energy, in general, can take any value
5. How do Energy companies use GPE to generate Electrical Energy? Give an example
Hydro-electric plants and windmills also convert energy into electricity. Instead of heat energy,
they use kinetic energy, or the energy of motion. Moving wind or water (sometimes referred to
as "white coal") spins a turbine, which in turn spins the rotor of a generator.
6. What happens to the GPE when the object falls to the ground? Describe the Energy

transformations along the way. Use a diagram.

Worksheet 1:
http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/0078600510/student_view0/unit1/chapter4/math_practice
_2.html
Worksheet 2:​ ​http://go.hrw.com/resources/go_sc/ssp/HK1MSW65.PDF

Kinetic Energy Project

Objective: ​7.1.b. Energy can be stored in many forms and can be
transformed into the energy of motion.

Problem Statement:

1. Design an experiment to test how changing the angle of a ramp affects Kinetic
Energy?

2. What is the velocity of a roller coaster at the bottom of the hill?

Hypothesis:
My hypothesis is that when the ramp angle decreases the speed/velocity will increase

Independent Variable:
Angle of Ramp

Dependent Variable:
Speed/Velocity

*Use the following angles: 8, 18, 28
Angle 8:

Sin​8​ = opposite
hypotenuse

0.13917 = x
1.2 meters
x
(1.2 m) 0.13917 = 1.2 meters (1.2m)

0.167004 = x

Opposite = 0.167004 meters or 16.7004 centimeters

GPE = KE
mgh = .5mv2​
(0.0407 kg)(9.8 m/s2​ )​ (0.167 m) = .5(0.0407 kg)v​2
0.06660962 = .02035v​2
(0.06660962)/(0.02035) = (.02035)/(0.02035)v​2
3.2732 = v2​
√3.2732 = √v2

1.809198718 = v
V ~ 1.809 m/s2​

Angle 18:

Sin1​ 8​ = opposite
hypotenuse

0.30902 = x
1.2 meters
x
(1.2 m) 0.30902 = 1.2 meters (1.2m)

0.370824 = x

Opposite = 0.370824 meters or 37.0824 centimeters

Angle 28:

Sin​28​ = opposite
hypotenuse

0.46947 = x
1.2 meters
x
(1.2 m)0.46947 = 1.2 meters (1.2 m)

0.563364 = x

Opposite = 0.563364 meters or 56.3364 centimeters

*A​ ngle Chart

*Include diagrams of the 3 Angles

*Include math examples for determining the angles and KE.

Video Resources:
1. How to solve KE problems: h​ ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tryiwu4RhSM
2. PE/KE: h​ ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je8nT93dxGg
3. PE/KE: h​ ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSWl_Zj-CZs
4. PE/KE: ​https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7K4V0NvUxRg

Data Analysis - W​ rite your data analysis paragraph here

In the experiment we predicted that If the ramp angle decreases the
speed/velocity will increase. We can prove this because in the last Angle
the final velocity was the most compared to the first angle of 8°. Also, as
the angle decreased the average velocity decreased. Ultimately, we can
prove our hypothesis was correct

Data Analysis Rubric (Self Evaluate) 34
Lab Rubric - Data Analysis Sections

12

Data/ ____Data is poorly ____Data is ____Data is ___Data is clearly
Observations organized or missing represented in a represented in the and accurately
altogether. table or graph, but table or graph with represented in a
No mention of it is incomplete or minor errors. More table or graph.
observations there are major complete discussion Observations
errors. Some of observations. include discussion
discussion of of both qualitative
observations and quantitative
observations.

Conclusion/ ____No conclusion is ____Somewhat ____Adequately ____Clearly explains
Analysis written in this report or it explains whether or explains whether or whether or not the
is very brief. No data is not the hypothesis not the hypothesis hypothesis was
cited. was supported. was supported. supported. Data
____No analysis is ____ Possible Data is cited to was cited to support

included or it is extremely sources of error are support hypothesis. the hypothesis.
brief no sources of error somewhat ____Possible ____Possible
are explained. explained. sources of error are sources of error are
____No discussion of ____ No discussion adequately clearly explained.
patterns or trends in the of patterns or explained.
data trends ____Some ____Trends and
discussion of Patterns in the data
patterns or trend in are clearly
the data discussed.

Self Evaluate Self Evaluate Score (1-4)
Category
3
Scientific Method
4
-Hypothesis
-Identify the variables 3.5

Math Examples 3

-Angle steps shown
-KE steps shown

Graph

-Accurate
-Informative

Data Analysis

-Hypothesis correct?
-Support for hypothesis
-Transition words

Reading 3

Comprehension

-Article questions

Article: ​Everyday Energy

Read the article and answer the questions.

FINAL PART - Roller Coaster Physics

Objective:
1. A.) Potential Energy
2. B.) the ways in which potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.
3. D.) the Hoover Dam
4. C.) Dams power cities by converting stored potential energy into kinetic energy.
5. D.) The conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy.
6. A.) A place where water flows over the top of a dam, creating energy.
7. C.) For instance
8. The Hoover Dam provides power to California, Nevada, and Arizona by harnessing
the converted potential energy from Lake Mead. Dozens of turbines are stored

within the power plants at the base of the dams and help create energy for these
states.
9. The two factors that determine the energy production of the Hoover Dam are
intake towers and the hydroelectric generators. When the water reaches the
towers, it is able to flow down through the sluices and the stored potential energy
is converted to kinetic energy.
10. A drought would cause the Hoover Dam to create less energy because to create
energy, the dam is dependent on water. As states in the article, “...water tumbles
over the walls into a spillway, potential energy is instantly converted into kinetic
energy”. This shows that from energy to be created, the use of water needs to be
involved, and when there is little water because of a drought, there wouldn’t be as
much energy either.

1. When energy is transformed, the total amount of energy stays constant (is conserved).
2. Work is done to lift an object, giving it gravitational potential energy (weight x height). The

gravitational potential energy of an object moving down a hill is transformed into kinetic
energy as it moves, reaching maximum kinetic energy at the bottom of the hill.
Determine the velocity of a full roller coaster of riders at the bottom of the largest hill. You can
use the following roller coasters:
Watch these Videos for help:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je8nT93dxGg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYEWIuQBVyg

Use either:

GPEt​ op​ = KEb​ ottom

1. Cyclone - Coney Island
Height of largest hill -
Mass of Coaster/number of riders -
Velocity at Bottom of Hill in m/s -

2. Pick your own coaster
Height of largest hill
Mass of Coaster/number of riders
Velocity at Bottom of Hill in m/s -

*Write about your results in a paragraph.

More resources:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSWl_Zj-CZs
Kinetic and Potential Energy

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7K4V0NvUxRg
Kinetic and Potential Energy

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btLU2lb3-xs
Bill Nye

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dpBVtAbKJU
Roller Coasters

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYEWIuQBVyg

Inclined Plane Project

Due: April 19, 2017
1. Define the following vocabulary: Use pgs. 124 - 153

Simple Machine - a​ ny Mechanical Work - a​ ctivity Input Force -​ T​ he
of the basic Advantage - t​ he ratio involving mental or effort force is the
mechanical devices of the force produced physical effort done force applied to a
for applying a force, by a machine to the in order to achieve a machine. Work input
such as an inclined force applied to it, purpose or result. is the work done on a
plane, wedge, or used in assessing the machine. The work
lever. performance of a input of a machine is
machine​. equal to the effort
force times the
distance over which
the effort force is
exerted.

Compound Machine - Ideal Mechanical Power - ​the ability to Output Distance -
do something or act
A machine Advantage - in a particular way, number of times
consisting of two or especially as a faculty that a machine
more simple Mechanical or quality. increases an input
machines operating advantage is a force.
together, as a measure of the
wheelbarrow force amplification
consisting of a achieved by using a
lever, axle, and tool, mechanical
wheel. device or machine
system. Ideally, the
device preserves
the input power
and simply trades
off forces against
movement to
obtain a desired
amplification in the
output force.

Efficiency -​ t​ he state Actual Mechanical Input Distance - Output Force -
or quality of being Advantage -​ ​The number of times that
actual mechanical Force exerted on a a machine increases
efficient. advantage (AMA) is machine. Distance an input force.
the force acts

the mechanical through.
advantage
determined by
physical
measurement of the
input and output
forces. Actual
mechanical
advantage takes into
account energy loss
due to deflection,
friction, and wear.

First Class Lever - Second Class Lever - Third Class Lever - Energy
Levers are classified 2nd class lever. This allows the The strength and
by the relative Definition: ... identification of three vitality required for
positions of the Second-class levers classes of levers by sustained physical or
fulcrum, effort and have the load the relative locations mental activity
resistance (or load). between the effort of the fulcrum, the
... Class 1: Fulcrum in and the fulcrum. A resistance and the
the middle: the effort wheelbarrow is a effort: Class 1:
is applied on one side second-class lever. Fulcrum in the
of the fulcrum and The wheel's axle is middle: the effort is
the resistance (or the fulcrum, the applied on one side of
load) on the other handles take the the fulcrum and the
side, for example, a effort, and the load is resistance (or load)
seesaw, a crowbar or placed between them. on the other side, for
a pair of scissors. example, a seesaw, a
crowbar or a pair of
scissors.

Block and Tackle Fixed Pulley -​ A​ fixed Movable Pulley -​ A​
Pulley -​ ​A block and pulley changes the movable pulley is a
tackle is a system of direction of the force pulley that is free to
two or more pulleys on a rope or belt that move up and down,
with a rope or cable moves along its and is attached to a
threaded between circumference. ceiling or other object
them, usually used to Mechanical by two lengths of the
lift or pull heavy advantage is gained same rope. Examples
loads. The pulleys are by combining a fixed of movable pulleys
assembled together pulley with a movable include construction
to form blocks and pulley or another cranes, modern
then blocks are fixed pulley of a elevators, and some
paired so that one is different diameter. types of weight lifting
fixed and one moves machines at the gym.

with the load.

2. Experiment: How does the angle of an inclined plane affect:
A. Ideal Mechanical Advantage
B. Actual Mechanical Advantage
C. Efficiency
*Think about the scientific Method
DATA TABLE
***Why is the Actual Mechanical Advantage always less than the Ideal Mechanical

Conclusion:

*Write your OWN CONCLUSION HERE!

3. Critical Thinking (Include in Presentation):
A. How much WORK would be done to lift a 350 kg Piano to the top of the Empire State
Building using a ramp with an angle of 35 degrees?

Worki​ n​ = force​in​ * distance​in

Work​out​ = force​out ​* distanceo​ ut
1. What is the length of the ramp to the top of the Empire State Building?

Empire State Building = 443 meters high (to tip)

35 degrees = 0.57358 The length of the ramp is about 254 meters.
Sin35 = opp/hyp
(443) 0.57358 = opp/443 (443m)
254m = opp

2. Suppose the Ideal Mechanical Advantage is 3.2

3. The Actual Mechanical Advantage (AMA) is 2.5.

4. What is the Efficiency of this Machine?

Efficiency = IMA / AMA The machine is about 78% more efficient.
Efficiency = 3.2/2.5 (100)

Efficiency = 78.125%
5. Provide a diagram of this example.

4. Explain how the Ideal Mechanical Advantage and Actual Mechanical Advantage
is determined for the following simple machines:
A. Inclined Plane
http://bfhsvalle.weebly.com/uploads/8/4/8/0/84808806/ima-ama-_efficiency.pdf
B. Lever
For a lever, the IMA is determined by using the formula effort from the fulcrum divided by the
resistance from the fulcrum.
C. Pulleys

D. Wheel and Axle
5. Complete the Following Worksheet:

Worksheet 2
Effort Force = Input Force
Resistance Force = Output Force

6. Group: Video 1 Trial of the Lab that demonstrates the experiment and
the calculations
* Attach link to video here

Resources to Help:

VIDEO LINK

QUIZ: Inclined Plane

Directions: ​Analyze the Inclined Plane Data Table that is shared on
Classroom and determine which machine has the greatest Actual
Mechanical Advantage (AMA).
Problem Statement:

How does the angle of an inclined plane affect the Mechanical
Advantage?

Hypothesis: (​ Use proper form!)

If the angle of an Inclined Plane decreases than the AMA will increase.

Diagrams of Inclined Planes:​ (Label Diagrams)

Sine Cosine Tangent

Angle Chart: ​https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B4RmhXJlHvo1YXZhcDNMSDNSMXc

Calculations (​ Examples):

IMA AMA Efficiency
IMA = Input Dist. (Effort) /
Output Dist. (Height) AMA = Output Force / Efficiency = Work output
Input Force (Effort) / work input X 100

IMA - ​Ex.​ AMA - E​ x.​ Efficiency - ​Ex.​
100 / 40 = 2.5 8 / 3 = 2.6 200 / 350 x 100 = 57%

Graph:​ ​(Angle and Mechanical Advantage)

Conclusion:
Option #1 Write a Conclusion.
***Your conclusion must also address which machine would be impossible
and why?
In conclusion, by using the Output and Input force found in the data table
I was able to find the AMA for each angle. The first Angle had an Output
of 7 and an Input of 2 which then had an AMA of 3.5. Next, The Second
Angle had an Output of 7 and an Input of 3 which then led to an AMA of
2.3. Then, Angle 3, which had an Output of 7 and an Input of 4 had an
AMA of 1.75. Each of these machines had an efficiency of between
70-78% With the exception of Angle 3 having an Efficiency of 105%.
Therefore, making this simple machine impossible. To conclude, In this

experiment I proved that my hypothesis was correct.

Option #2 Building
Compare 2 famous buildings based on the following Inclined Plane Data.
A builder wanted to get a ​60 kg bag​ of concrete to the top of the 2
buildings.
1. What would the length of the ramp be if the machine has:
IMA - 5.9
AMA - 3.7
2. What are the angles of the ramps?
3. Using Work Input and Output, what is the efficiency of the machines?

Rubric

Lab Rubric - Data Analysis Sections

1 234

Data/ ____Data is poorly ____Data is ____Data is ___Data is clearly
Observations organized or missing represented in a represented in the and accurately
altogether. table or graph, but table or graph with represented in a
No mention of it is incomplete or minor errors. More table or graph.
observations there are major complete discussion Observations
errors. Some of observations. include discussion
discussion of of both qualitative
observations and quantitative
observations.

Conclusion/ ____No conclusion is ____Somewhat ____Adequately ____Clearly explains
Analysis written in this report or it explains whether or explains whether or whether or not the
is very brief. No data is not the hypothesis not the hypothesis hypothesis was
cited. was supported. was supported. supported. Data
____No analysis is ____ Possible Data is cited to was cited to support
included or it is extremely sources of error are support hypothesis. the hypothesis.
brief no sources of error somewhat ____Possible ____Possible
are explained. explained. sources of error are sources of error are
____No discussion of ____ No discussion adequately clearly explained.
patterns or trends in the of patterns or explained.

data trends ____Some ____Trends and

discussion of Patterns in the data

patterns or trend in are clearly

the data discussed.