Top Notch 3B

14 Read each sentence and question. Then check the box that answers the question. 1 . "Someone might have heard us ta lking on the phone." Did anyone hear them ta lking? D yes O no �maybe 2. "Jen, you could have gone with Steve." Did Jen go with Steve? D yes O no D probably 3. "We shou ld have invited Rita to come to dinner with us." Did they invite Rita? D yes O no D maybe 4. "I m ust have left my keys at home." Did she leave her keys at home? D yes O no D probably 5. "The kids should n't have watched that sca ry movie." Did the kids watch a sca ry movie? D yes O no D maybe 6. "Peter might not have ta l ked to Jill yet." Did Peter ta lk to Jill yet? D yes O no D maybe 15 CHALLENGE. Complete the sentences with a perfect modal and the verb in parentheses. In some cases, more than one answer is poss ible. 1 . I S''1o vld n't J... ave left (leave) before I finished my work, but I did. 2. James ________ (ta ke) the job offer, but he didn't. 3. 4. 5. Bethan ________ y _______ (talk) to Dave. I haven't talked to her yet, but she'll tell us tonight. ________ (get) stuck in traffic. I can't think of another reason fo r her to be late. (sell) your ca r, but u nfortu nately, you did. Kel ly You 6. Ha rry ________ (get) home already, but I doubt it. 7. We ________ (do) anyth ing differently, could we? Nobody on his deathbed ever said, 'I wish I had spent more time at the office.' -Paul Tsongas, United States senator and former presidential candidate L ESSON 16 Com plete each sentence with a word in the box. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. experie ______ nce knowledge a skill a talent ______ is an abil ity that you are born with. is an abil ity that you learn. qual ifications ______ ______ refers to the time a person has spent working at a job in the past. ______ refers to the understanding of a certain subject. are all the things that make you good for a job. Life Plans W59 feralan.com

17 Read each person's statement. Decide i f t h e person is talking about a ta lent, a skill, experience, or knowledge. Write your answers on t h e l i nes. I've been a teacher for five years. I also worked as a teacher's assistant when I was in college. I love to create new dishes, and everyone says I 'm an excel lent cook. I have a good ear for music. I can play any song on the piano after hearing it j ust once. I 'm very familiar with the history of the French Revol ution. In fact, I wrote a few articles about it. 18 Read the conversation. Check the ski l l, abil ity, or experience that each person has in the chart below. Ms. Pitts: So, we're looking at three ca ndidates for this job: Simon Cla rk, Clayton Boyer, and Ch ristina Nelson. Let's ta lk about their q ualifications. Ms. King: Wel l, I was impressed with Christina's leadership skil ls. She has a lot of leadership experience. M r. Wa rton: That's true, but she doesn't have knowledge of sa les. Ms. Pitts: But she seems to have com mon sense. She must be able to learn q uickly. M r. Warton: Well, if we're looki ng for knowledge of sales, Simon Clark is the best choice. He's been a sales representative for twelve yea rs. Ms. King: But what about other skil ls? Clayton speaks Spanish, French, and Portug uese. M r. Warton: Yes, and he is very artistic, too. Ms. King: But the abil ity to think logica lly is more important than artistic abil ity for th is job. And Simon can definitely th ink logical ly. Ms. Pitts: Okay, let's look at Simon ... 1. good leadership skills 2. com mon sense 3. experience in sales 4. good language skills 5. artistic abil ity 6. logical thinking abil ity W60 UNIT 6 Simon Clark Clayton Boyer Ch ristina Nelson feralan.com

19 Read the ci rcled job advertisement. Check the qual ities that a re important for the job. D artistic ta lent D management skills D good communication skills D experience in a similar position D organizational abil ity D com puter skills D mathematica l abil ity D com passion D common sense D manual dexterity · ;tant President of ds someone -yday tasks. n Excel, Good uired. fu l. -55 5-6390. .tant to nancial ng group. must have and 3 years e required. 10, ext. 3232. This is an exciting opportunity for a talented individual. The successful candidate will work with high-level individuals in the company. Responsibil ities include managing the director's calendar and commitments, managing special projects, serving as the director's representative to other offices and inruviduals and supervising the administrative staff. This position requires 5+ years in a senior-level executive/administrative position. Experience and strong knowledge in a variety of computer software appl ications is also required. The successful candidate wil l be quick-thinking, flexible, and have common sense. He/She will have strong organizational skills and attention to detail. He/She should also have excellent oral and written communication problem-solving, and project-management skil ls. Apply online at http://www.jobs.sanbellcorp.com, Job #0009838. Ae1m1111:."1 Full-tum small cor to assist Must be Word, Pc phone et Good me Fax resur Administ Marketin mall, bt seeks mo support � Successfi excellent people sk administ1 20 WHAT ABOUT YOU? Answer the q uestions in your own way. 1. What is one of you r ta lents? ___________________________ � 2. What is one of your skills?---------------------------- 3. What do you have experience with? _______________________ � 4. What do you know a lot about? ________________________ � LESSON 21 Read the article The Five Most Effective Work Habits on page 70 in the Student's Book again. Circle t h e o n e item that does not complete the sentence correctly . ............................ ... co�ng�is� 1. The five basic habits in the workplace--· 5. When you stay positive, you--· a. are com mon sense a. face challenges better b. hel p you succeed b. stay focused on your work c. should be consistent c. succeed in office pol itics 2. Vol u nteer for an assig nment only when you--· a. want to learn about it b. have the skills for it c. have the knowledge for it 3. Always be nice to--· a. everyone b. only your manager c. people at levels above you and below you 4. Make a to-do list--· a. to prioritize your work b. of things you want to accomplish c. of urgent tasks for your company 6. If you see a problem,--· a. don't mention it to ma nagement b. thi nk about solutions c. present the problem and solutions to your boss Life Plans W61 feralan.com

22 Read the article and check all the statements that are true. Then correct the fa lse statements. Creating Your Life Plan If you h ave goals in your l ife, but no plan to com plete them, you wi ll not be s uccessfu l. That's why in order to h ave s uccess in school, busi ness, and your personal l ife, you n eed a l ife plan. A plan wi ll hel p you tu rn your d reams i nto rea l ity. To create your l ife plan, ask you rself two questi ons: Where am I going? How will I get there? Where am I goi ng? To answer th i s q u estion, fol low these steps: • Create a l ife map-not an ordinary map, but a map of where you have "A goal without a plan is just a wish." - Antoine de Saint-Exupery been in your l ife and where those experiences ca n ta ke you. Write down the i m porta nt events in your li fe over the past few yea rs. You decide what is i m porta nt. It is diffe rent for everyone. For exa m ple, did you get a new job last year that you l ove? Did you pass an exa m? Did you lea rn someth ing i nte resti ng? Did you get married? To see your l ife in the futu re, you shou ld fi rst look i nto your past. • N ext, look ca refu l ly at your list. Do you h ave reg rets? H ave your tastes changed ove r ti m e? Pla nning for the futu re means maki ng decisions that make you happy a nd match your i nterests and ta lents. Use your past experiences to set your goa ls for the futu re. Your l i fe map ca n help you avoid maki ng the sa me m ista kes or havi ng regrets. • Fi nal ly, set your goa ls to ach ieve over the next weeks, m onths, and yea rs. H ow am I goi ng to get there? Once you've d ecided on your l ife d esti nation, you ca n sta rt fol lowi ng your plan. Here a re some ti ps to help you: • Brea k your large goa ls i nto smal ler ones. Al most a ny goa l, no matter how d iffi cu lt, wi ll be easier to achieve if you b rea k it d own i nto seve ra l sma l l er goals. • Focus on your goals and don't g et distracted by unimpo rta nt thi ngs. • Don't g ive up. You won 't be successfu l at everything rig ht away, so you should a lways try again. • Make friends. It's d ifficult to succeed if you're a lone, so support from good friends is very impo rta nt. Once you have created your l ife plan, go forwa rd with it, but a l so go back to it. Tastes change. Ci rcumsta nces change. Don't be afra id to ta i lor you r l ife to cha nges in your l ife. D 1. A life plan can help you plan you r career choices. D 2. A life map is a list of your dai ly goals. D 3. Don't use a life map if you don't have regrets. D 4. It's helpful to ana lyze your past experiences when you plan for the futu re. D 5. One of the first steps in l ife planning is to determine what makes you happy. D 6. It's better to have a few big goals than many small goals. D 7. Making a life plan helps you listen to others. D 8. Once you make a life plan, you should not change it. W62 UNIT 6 feralan.com

23 WHAT ABOUT YOU? Answer the q uestions in your own way. 1. What are th ree i mporta nt experiences you would put on your life map? Why do you think they are i mportant?���������������������������������- 2. What goa ls would you like to achieve this yea r, next yea r, and in the next five yea rs? How are you going to complete them? Complete the list. My goals for ... H ow am I going to complete them? this yea r next yea r the next five yea rs 24 Write a paragraph about a d ifficult work or l ife deci sion you have made. Include i nformation about your past plans, how your plans changed, and your regrets. - - -. 25 Circle the letter of the best response to each sentence. 1 . "I shou ld have gone to school instead of ta king this job." a. "You must have changed your mind." b. "Well, you're still you ng." 2. "Why d id you change your plans?" a. "My friends ta lked me out of it." b. "You never know." 3. "I should have moved to another city when I had the chance." a. "Maybe it's not too late." b. "You m ust have moved." 4. "I should have been an artist." a. "Well, it's hard to make a l iving that way." b. "It could happen to anyone." �---�- �- 5. "I shou ld n't have spent money on that sweater I bought last week. I regret my decision." a. "Maybe you would have hated it." b. "Maybe it's not too late to ta ke it back." Life Plans W63 feralan.com

G RAMMAR BOOSTER A Answer each q uestion with your own i nformation. Use the correct form or tense for express ing the future. Write complete sentences. 1. What wi ll the weather be like tomorrow? 2. � What ar �������������������������������� e you going to do this weekend? 3. When � ar �������������������������������� e you going on vacation? 4. � What will �������������������������������� probably be your biggest expense next yea r? 5. What � time �������������������������������� are you leaving your house tomorrow? 6. � What time �������������������������������� can we meet on Friday? 7. When � sh �������������������������������� ould I sta rt dinner? B Read � the conversa �������������������������������� tions. Cross out the i ncorrect choice. 1. A: Do you want to go to the park later? B: Wel l, they say it is going to rain I will rain I raim this afternoon. 2. A: My car broke down! How will I get to work? I guess I could take I have to take I may take the bus. B: Don't worry. I am going to take I wi ll take I might take you. Let's go. 3. A: Do you want to go to the movies tomorrow night? B: I can't. I am seeing I wi ll see I am going to see a play. You could come I should come I are going to come with me. 4. A: Let's go to Bloomfield's this weekend. I need a new pair of shoes. B: I don't know ... Bloomfield's is having I can have I will have their big sale tomorrow. There are I wi ll be I might be too many people there! 5. A: The cable's out again! That's it! I am calling I call I am going to call a repa irman! B: Go ahead, but it wi ll take I takes I is taking hou rs for him to get here on the weekend. 6. A: We need 1 00 copies of this report by the end of the week. Wi ll you make I Can you make I Do you make them tomorrow, Frank? B: I'm sorry. I wi ll be I am I can be busy all day tomorrow. W64 UNIT 6 feralan.com

C Read the sentences. Are they a bout future plans or predictions? Check the correct box. future plan prediction 1. I'm going to see the doctor tomorrow. D D 2. He'll be a good doctor. D D 3. My siste r is going to study Span ish in Mexico. D D 4. I 'm going to buy a new ca r next yea r. D D 5. She's going to be very successful. D D 6. The airport wi ll be crowded. D D D Read the fi rst sentence in each item. Circle the letter of the sentence that is closest in meaning. 1. I shouldn't have ta lked to him. a. I ta lked to him, but it was a mista ke. b. I d idn't talk to him, and it was a mista ke. 2. We ought to have moved to Chicago. a. We are going to move, but we don't know when. b. It was a good idea to move, but we didn't do it. 3. I wish I had told them what I thought. a. I didn't tell them, and now I regret it. b. I told them, and that was a big mista ke. 4. They shou ld have warned us about the traffic. a. They d id n't know, so they couldn't tell us. b. They knew, but they didn 't tell us. 5. Mark wishes he hadn't taken the job in Tokyo. a. He took the job, but it was a bad idea. b. He did n't ta ke the job, and now he reg rets it. E Rewrite each sentence express i ng regret a bout the past. Use the word in parentheses. 1. I did n't go to college, and I regret that decision. (wish) I wisJ, I Jiad 9one to colle9e. 2. I ordered chicken, but now I 'm sorry that I did. (shou ld) 3. Steve borrowed on ly two books from the library, but a few more wou ld have been better. (ought to) 4. Ch ristina and Mark went skiing for their vacation, but it was a bad choice. (wish) 5. Katie ate so many cookies that now she feels sick. (should) 6. Daniel studied law in college, but he'd prefer to be a doctor. (ought to) Life Plans W65 feralan.com

WRITING BOOSTER A Read the following short biography of the famous aviator, Amelia Earhart. Choose the correct headi ngs and write them in the spaces below to divide the biography into sections. You wi ll not use all the headi ngs. Headings: Amel ia's Education Amel ia's Mysterious Disappearance Amel ia's Family Life Amel ia's Childhood Years Amelia Earhart Amel ia's Ma rriage Amel ia's Flying Records Amel ia's Love of Flying Amel ia Mary Earhart was born on July 24, 1 897, in Atch ison, Kansas. At th ree yea rs old she went to l ive with her grandparents who lived fifty mi les away. Amelia was a tomboy, and loved snow 1 sledding and cl imbing trees. She l ived with her grandparents unti l she was ten. At ten she moved back with her parents and her you nger sister, Muriel. Amelia saw her first airplane at the 1 908 Iowa State Fair. At this fair, there was a stu nt-flying exhibition, and it fascinated Amelia. It was here, as she watched these planes twirl ing and swooshing, that Ame lia fell in love with the idea of flying. Amelia actually had to wait thirteen yea rs to ta ke her first ride in a plane, and j ust six months after that, she bought her first plane. It was bright yellow and she ca l led it Canary. Amelia was very competitive, and entered many flying contests over the next severa l yea rs. She continually broke the records of other aviators. To mention just a few: I n J u ne of 1 928, she became the first woman to fly across the Atlantic. In May of 1 932, she became the second person to fly solo across the Atlantic. From August 24 to 25, 1 932, she flew a solo nonstop flight from the west coast of the United States to the east coast, maki ng her the first woman to do that. From April 24 to 25, 1 935, she was the first person to fly solo from Hawaii to Ca lifornia. At the age of forty, in 1 937, Amelia Ea rhart wanted to be the first woman to fly around the world. She and her navigator took off from Oakla nd, Ca lifornia, and flew to Miami, then through the Caribbean to Brazi l and through Africa to I ndia. After I ndia, they flew to Bangkok, I ndonesia, Australia, and then Papua New Guinea . From Papua New Guinea, they flew towa rd Howa rd Island, 2,200 mi les away. They never arrived, and despite extensive sea rches, they were never fou nd. No one knows for sure what happened to Amelia and her navigator, but the world knows that Amel ia is one of the most important and i nfluential aviators in history. B On a separate sheet of paper, write a short biogra phy of someone you know or someone famous. I nclude i nformation on this person's ch ildhood, fam i ly, education, ach ievements, regrets, or any other i nformation you wou ld like to add. Divide the biogra phy i nto sections. I nclude a heading for each section. W66 UNIT 6 feralan.com

UNIT 7 Holidays and Traditions 1 Read the newspaper ad for an event. Check true or false. --- � - - - - - - - � - � - - � - - � � - ��- - � � � - - ----- , Join us at the 1 1rn:u4 I: t!JG I on . l I : December 31 to welcome the New Year! ! Here's just some of what you' ll enjoy: • beginning at 7:00, a five-course dinner planned and ,,,,. _ t prepared by world-famous chef Pierre Raynaud I • live dinner music performed by pianist Oscar Herman I • at 9 :00, a two-hour concert starring the Sassies, one of the hottest new bands in the city I • at 11 :00, popular hits and all your favorite songs played by DJ "Raging" Robin Collins I from radio station WROC I • hats and horns passed out at 1 1 : 3 0 · 1 • a countdown to midnight by DJ " Raging" Robin I • a perfect view of the fireworks over the Charlton River I --� �-� � - � - - - - � � � � � � � - -���� --- - ���--- ' true false 1. The ticket incl udes din ner. D D 2. Oscar Herman is a radio DJ . D D 3. The Sassies will perform u nti l 11 :00. D D 4. You need to bring your own hats and horns to this event. D D 5. You can view the fireworks on a large TV screen. D D 2 Choose an i mportant holiday in your cou ntry. Using the ad a bove as a model, write an ad for a party that would be in the local newspaper. Include the same type of i nformation as the ad a bove. - - --- - - - - - - - - - - --- � - - - ---- - - - --- � --- - - - - - - --- � � - - - - ��� - - --- - - - - - - --- ---- W67 feralan.com

3 Com plete the conversation . Use the words from the box. get together with it's impossi ble mobbed takes p lace A: Wow, the airport is . Why are there so many people here? 1. B: It's because it's almost Thanksgiving. It's an i mportant hol iday here in the U.S. A: Rea l ly? What's the hol iday for? rem inds me B: It started as a harvest celebration. It ________ every yea r on the fourth Thu rsday of November. 2. A: How do you celebrate it? B: People usua l ly ________ their fami lies. That's why ________ to get arou nd. 3. 4. Oh, and the food is great! This hol iday is about families ... and eating! A: It ________ of one of ou r traditional hol idays. 5. L ESSON 4 WHAT ABOUT YOU? Complete the conversation in your own way. Vis itor: Tell me about a hol iday that you celebrate in your cou ntry. � Well, one hol iday is _______ _ Vis itor: What kind of hol iday is it? � It's a(n) ________ holiday that takes place in _______ _ Vis itor: How do you celebrate it? � Wel l, in my family we usually ____________________ _ Visitor: That sounds great! 5 Complete each sentence with historical, rel igious, or seasonal. 1. A holiday is a celebration of a pa rticular time of yea r. 2. On hol idays, people celebrate somethi ng that happened in the past. 3. A harvest festival is an example of a holiday. 4. A holiday is related to people's bel iefs. W68 UNIT 7 feralan.com

6 Match each word with the correct defi ni tion. Use the words from the box. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. a card fireworks a picn ic a costume the dead a g ift a parade pray wish each other well something that you give someone, especial ly to thank him or her, or on a special occasion a pu blic celebration when musica l bands, brightly decorated veh icles, etc., move down the street clothes worn by someone to make him or her look like a different person, an animal, etc. to spea k to God in order to ask for help or g ive thanks colorfu l explosives that people burn when celebrating a special day people who have d ied a mea l that is prepared at home and then ta ken outside to be eaten a written g reeting, often with a pictu re on the front, that you send to people on specia l occasions to say that you hope someone wi ll have good luck, a happy l ife, etc. 7 Circle the word(s) that correctly completes the sentence. In some sentences, both choices a re correct. 1. Anyone who I that tries this desse rt loves it. 2. The pa rties that I who ta ke place on New Year's Eve are always so much fu n. 3. The New Fire Ceremony was an Ancient Aztec celebration that it I that was celebrated every 52 years. 4. An emcee, or master of ceremon ies, is a person who I he acts as the host at a formal occasion. 5. The flowers that I who arrived yesterday were absolutely gorgeous. 6. A host is someone that I who invites a person to his or her home. 8 Write the adjective clause that correctly com pletes each sentence. Use the clauses in the box. that is celebrated in Latin America who is i nvited to someone's home that come by e-mail who enjoy being outside that a re celebrated with the whole family who talked a bout David 1. This is a great hol iday for people ________________________ � 2. I love holidays------------------------------- 3. It's a holiday _______________________________ _ 4. A person----------------------------is ca lled a guest. 5. I'm su rprised by the number of greeti ng cards ___________________ � 6. She's the woman------------------------------- Holidays and Traditions W69 feralan.com

L ESSON 9 Com plete the conversation. Circle the best response to each question or statement. M itch: Do you m i n d i f I ask you somethi ng? Vanessa: Yes, of course. I Of course not. M itch: I'm not sure about the appropriate behavior here. When you go to someone's house for dinner, what shou ld you bring? Vanessa: You should bri ng a small g ift. I You s hould bring the host. M itch: Defi nitely. I Thanks. It's a good th ing I asked. Gift-giving Etiquette • In Japan, China, and Vietnam, it is not customary to open a gift in front of the person who gave it to you. The gift is set aside and opened later in private. • In Russia, gifts for children are usually opened in private, while gifts for adults are usually opened in the presence of others. • In Germany, you should avoid giving large or expensive gifts in private. The larger the gift, the more public the gift-giving should be. 10 Read each sentence. If the relative pronoun can be omitted, cross it out. If it can't be omitted, ci rcle it. 1. The dress-tfl.a.t I wore to the pa rty is in my closet. 2. Anyone�travels on that hol iday shou ld plan for delays. 3 . The woman that you were tal king with is a professional pa rty planner. 4. The couple whom we saw at the movies last night used to l ive in our building. 5. Ella is someone who always makes people feel good about themselves. 6. On Thanksgiving I think about the things that I am gratefu l for. 7. It's great to meet someone who goes out of his way to help you. 8. What should a person who's i nvited to dinner take? 11 Combine the two sentences i nto one, using the relative pronoun in parentheses. Omi t the relative p ronoun where poss ible. 1. The hol iday ta kes place in Ju ly. I told you about the holiday. (that) n,e Jioliday (tJi at) I told yo v abovt take5 place in Jvly. 2. The person shou ld bring flowers. The person comes for dinner. (who) 3. Hanbok is a dress. Women in Korea wea r it for Ch useok. (that) 4. People enjoy Halloween. People like wea ring costumes. (who) 5. The celebrations are a lot of fu n. The celebrations ta ke place during Mardi G ras. (that) W70 UNIT 7 feralan.com

6. The food was amazing. I ate the food duri ng Eid al-Ad ha. (that) 7. The friend went to Thail and for his vacation. I told you about the friend. (whom) 8. My friends spent New Year's Eve with me. They came from Germa ny. (who) 12 Correct the error i n t h e adjective clause i n e a c h sentence. 1. The package who we received came from Hong Kong. 2. We rea l ly liked the restaurant the book recommended it. 3. Children's Day is a hol iday is celebrated in many cou ntries. 4. That hol iday is fun for anyone whom loves to celebrate. 5. The costumes that Carnava l performers wea r them are gorgeous. LESSON �-Iii;;� 13 Read the a rticle Holidays Around the World on page 80 in the Student's Book again. Answer the q uestions. c�n�lS� 1. When is Ramadan celebrated? 2. Why do M uslims celebrate Ramadan? 3. When is the Chinese New Year celebration? 4. H ow do people prepa re for the Chinese New Yea r? 5. Which two cou ntries celebrate Simon Boliva r's birthday on July 24th? 6. Why is Simon Bolivar ca l led "the Liberator"? Hol idays and Traditions W71 feralan.com

14 Read a bout how one hol iday is celebrated in d ifferent cou ntries. Then answer the q uestions. 0-nLDREN�o DAY ln 19$4-, The United :Nation.s General Assembly suggested that all countries set aside a special day for children. The idea behind Children's Day v.ras to encourage all nations to focus on the nee.dz, rights, and v.rell-being of children everyv.rhere. Since then, and in some places even before then, Children's Day has been celebrated in many countries, on J �ifferent days, and in different v.rays. _} Chi ldren's Day in Japan used to be celebrated separately for girls (on March 3) and for boys (on May 5), but today it's a hol iday for all children on May 5. On Children's Day, famil ies with boys often hang carp decorations, since a carp is a fish that symbolizes strength and success. They also display figures that look like I warriors, or fighters. People eat rice cakes fil led with bean paste and covered with leaves. There are many sporting and art events l for chi ldren all over Japan on that day. --� (11.i!&C �I Celebrated on May 5, Children's Day is a national holiday in Korea. Many parents don't work and spend the day with their children. Families often visit parks, zoos, and movie theaters because they're free for /ldflR ( Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India, 1 deeply loved chi ldren. H is birthday, November 14, ch i ldren on this day. Parents traditionally give their j chi ldren gifts and money. __,/ ( became Children's Day in India. Schools celebrate by f having cultural programs and handing out treats and 1 · snacks. There are competitions and games of all kinds. } - . - _/ Mustafa Kemal AtatOrk, founder of the Turkish Republ ic, established Apri l 23 as Children's Day in this country. People enjoy festivals and performances by children. Children replace the president, prime minister, members of the Grand National Assembly, and other officials �one day. They address children's and educational issues. I I Lotu-Tam iati, or Children's Day, is celebrated in Samoa on White Sunday, the second Sunday in October. It is both a religious and national holiday in Samoa. Children dress all in white and parade in line from tallest to shortest into church. They perform songs and religious plays for their parents and relatives. Then they return home for a celebration meal. They are honored by their parents by being served first and receiving gifts. , __) 1. In which two cou ntries do children receive g ifts on Children's Day? 2. In which cou ntry was Chi ldren's Day traditionally celebrated sepa rately for boys and girls? 3. In which cou ntry do ch ildren participate in government on Children's Day? W72 UNIT 7 feralan.com

4. In which two cou ntries was Children's Day started by a famous pol itica l leader? 5. In which two cou ntries is Children's Day celebrated on the same date? 6. In which cou ntry is Children's Day both a seasonal holiday and a religious holiday? 15 WHAT ABOUT YOU? Write a paragraph a bout your favorite hol iday. When is it? How do you celebrate it in your fam i ly? What traditions (such as special foods or clothi ng) are part of this holiday? Is it rel igious, seasonal, or h istorical? L ESSON 16 Put the events below in the order in which they normally occur. an engagement a reception a honeymoon a wedding 17 Complete each sentence with the correct word(s) from the box. bride ceremony engagement g ot engaged honeymoon newlyweds rece ption wedding g room Neil and Ca rrie knew each other for three yea rs before they------· They were both so excited, 1. and they announced their ______ immediately. They wanted everyone to know they were 2. going to get married! Today is the ______ which will have two parts. First is the ______ which is the formal 3. 4. service that wi ll make them legally ma rried. Then comes the rea l celebration: At the _____ _ 5. everyone wi ll eat and sing for hours. Holidays and Traditions W73 feralan.com

Right now Ca rrie, the ______ is putting on her dress. She is so excited ! Neil, the ______ 6. is pretty excited, too, but he's also rea lly nervous. 7. Tomorrow morning the ______ are going to Tahiti for a seven-day------· Afte r all 8. 9. the stress and excitement of the weddi ng, they'll need a vacation! The word honeymoon comes from an old Irish tradition. Newlyweds drank a drink made from honey for the first month (or moon) after being married. They believed that by doing this, they would have a son within the first year of marriage. 18 Read the a rticle. Then ci rcle the letter of the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. 1 . 2. 3. 4. 1� l-OevVAi� 1<.i� A t weddings in many parts of the world, brides and grooms give one another wedding rings. These rings remind them of the commitment they made to one another when they got married. They are also a sign to others that they are married. No one knows for sure how this tradition started, but there is evidence that it began long ago, in ancient Egypt. Coins at that time had a hole in the center. An Egyptian groom used to place a coin on his bride's finger to show that he would take care of her. Rings are traditionally given --· In many ancient cultures, the circle is a symbol of eternity. The wedding ring has come to symbolize endless love and commitment. Wedding rings have almost always been worn on the fourth finger, but the hand it's worn on depends on where you live. In some cultures, people wear their rings on the left hand, and in others, they wear them on the right. a. only in Egypt b. duri ng weddi ngs c. j ust to brides Ancient Egyptian g rooms gave their brides--· a. money to buy a ring b. money s haped like a ring c. a ring for every finger A wedding ring is a sym bol of--· a. a circle b. etern ity c. love without end Most people wear their wedding rings--· a. on both hands b. on the fou rth finger c. only on the left hand W74 UNIT 7 feralan.com

G RAM MAR BOOSTER A Read each sentence. If the sentence is correct, write _C. If the sentence is incorrect, write 1 and correct it. 1. Babootie is a traditional food from South Africa who is originally from Malaysia . __ 2. Japan is a cou ntry that has a lot of festivals. __ 3. The most expensive trip I took was the one that it went to Anta rctica. __ 4. My best friend is a woman that l ives in Brazi l. __ 5. The G rand H otel is a seaside hotel that everyone likes. __ B Rewrite each item as one sentence with a reciprocal pronoun. 1. Adam sees Barb and Linus every day. Barb sees Lin us every day, too. Ad am, Barb and LinuS' s-ee one a notl-,er every day. 2. Ms. Heidie waved at Ms. Cook and Ms. Cook waved back at her. 3. Gerry meets Trish for lu nch every day. 4. James, Ba rb, and Jessie were lost. Al l of them tried to find the others. 5. The employees in my office buy g ifts for the other people in the office. c Choose the phrase that correctly completes each sentence. 1. Don't ta lk to --· a. you b. herself c. 2. Did he hurt __ ? a. herself b. himself c. 3. You shou ld be rea lly proud of--· a. her b. herself c. 4. She's feeling rea l ly sorry for __ right now. a. one another b. myself c. 5. I think he should bel ieve in __ more. a. myself b. himself c. 6. They a lways see __ on weekends. a. themselves b. they c. you rself each other you herself each other one another Holidays and Traditions W75 feralan.com

D Com plete each sentence with a phrase from the box. by herself by h imself by ourselves by themselves by you rself 1. Nobody went with Kate to the movies. She decided to go _____ _ 2. You can't play chess . You need a partner. 3. You ng children often want to do things , even if it's d ifficu lt for them. 4. The players wished good l uck before the game. 5. M rs. Jackson often works very late, so her husband eats dinner _____ _ 6. We decided to do the work ______ i nstead of paying someone to do it. E Circle who or whom and complete the sentences in your own way. each other 1. M r�. Reilly is my neig hbor§/ whom moved in tJ.i ree yea rs ago. 2. People who I whom ta lk a lot can be very ___ ___ _ 3. My friend who I whom l ives in ________ is a real ly ________ person. 4. The people who I whom I met when I was in were real ly _______ _ 5. is a family friend who I whom I have known for a long time. 6. My friend ________ is someone who I whom I ta lk to almost every day. WRITING BOOSTER A Read the sentences. Write the u nderl i ned words in the correct column in the chart. Think of other words and add them to the chart. 1. The traditional sweet and salty candy felt so good on my tongue that I closed my eyes in happiness. 2. My ea rs were fi l led with the sweet sound of children laughing. 3. The fragrant odor perfumed the air. 4. The women looked like a rai nbow in their many-colored traditional robes. 5. The food was very mky and rich, and I was reminded of the flavors of Morocco. 6. The banging of the dru ms in the parade made a sound as loud as thu nder. W76 UNIT 7 Sight Sound Taste �weet Smell feralan.com

8 A simile is a way of describing something by comparing it to something else. Think about your happiest holiday as a child. Then complete the simi les below with your own information. Exam ples: On Children's Day, I was as happy as a clown . The food was so good I ate like a horse. 1. On ______ ,lwas ... 2. On that day, ... I ____ _ as happy as _____ _ like a------· I _____ _ as excited as _____ _ like a ______ ______ _ like _____ _ C Look at the photog raphs. Write a sentence with i nteresting detail s a bout the sounds, sights, smel ls, and tastes. Songkran celebrations-Thailand Independence Day barbeque-Canada Sight: _____________ _ Smel l: ______________ _ Sound: _______________ _ Taste: _______________ _ Carnava l parade-Brazil Thanksgivi ng dinner-United States Sight: _____________ _ Smell: ______________ _ Sound: _______________ _ Taste: _______________ _ D Choose one photograph from exercise C. On a separate sheet of paper, write a paragraph describing the event. Use i nteresting details to describe what things look like, smell like, sound like, or taste like. Hol idays and Traditions W77 feralan.com

UNIT 8 I nventions a nd D i scoveries W78 1 WHAT ABOUT YOU? Think about products that use electronic technology. Complete the chart with some products that you use. -· Outside (for entertainment At home At school or work or tran sportation) f: 2 N ow list the top five prod ucts from the chart above, in order of importance to you. (1 is the most important.) 1. �!, I} 2. 3. 4. 5. In 1 898, an executive at the U.S. Patent* Office said that the office should be closed because everything had already been invented. (*A patent is a legal document that gives you the right to make or sell a new invention that no one else is allowed to copy.) 3 Look at the product you l isted as most i mportant. Answer the questions about it. 1. Was this product invented before you were born? __________________ _ 2. When did you begin using it? _______________________ � 3. How would your ltte be dttferent wlthout it? ____________________ � 4. H ow could this product be bettefl ________________________ _ 4 Choose the best response. Circle the letter. 1. "The drive home was brutal." a. "I know. The traffic was awfu l." 2. "Did the bugs bother you?" a. "No, I bit the bullet." 3. "There were tons of people at the ma ll." b. "I know. The scenery was beautiful ." b. "Yes, I got eaten alive!" a. "What a nightmare!" b. "What fu n!" 4. "Let's go cam ping this weekend." a. "Sure. My mom won't hea r of it." b. "I can't. My mom won't hear of it." 5. "I need to get my ca r fixed, but it's going to cost so much!" a. "Well, you 'll have to bite the b. "Well, you 'll have to bite the bul let and pay for it." bul let and not pay for it." feralan.com

LESSON 5 Cross out the word or phrase that has a different meaning from the others. 1. high-tech using new technology ·fast rate 2. offering high quality novel top-of-the-line 3. innovative high-end revol utionary 4. state-of-the-art cutting-edge high-end 5. top-of-the-line high-end fast 6. novel revolutionary high-tech 7. innovative first-rate high-end 6 Look at the pictu re. Then check the box that a nswers each q uestion . Sylvan Goldman , the owner of a grocery store, invented the shopping cart in 1937 when he realized he should make it easier for his customers to buy more things. I wouldn't like it if it yes no maybe 1. Is the stereo less than $500? 2. Does Sa l ly have enough money? 3. Wi ll Sa lly buy it today? 4. Wi ll Derrick buy it? 5. Does {-�ve a new job? 6. Does Tanya like it? 7. Does Rick like it? 8. Is Rick going to buy it? D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Inventions and Discoveries W79 feralan.com

7 Circle the word or phrase that correctly completes each conditional sentence. 1. This old car would be I is I wi ll be worth more if it were in good condition. 2. H eather wou ldn't trust Nathan if they aren't I weren't I wouldn't be such good friends. 3. People will have I had I would have a great time if they relax a l ittle bit. 4. If you exercise every day, you 'II lose I would lose I lost weight. 5. You have to be responsible if you wi ll get I get I got a pet. 6. I wouldn't pay so much for this phone if I don't think I didn't think I wouldn't think it was worth it. 7. If the car cost I would cost I costs less, more people would buy it. 8. If you don't lower you r price, people don't b uy I would n't buy I won't buy your product. 8 Complete the condi tional sentences with the correct form of the verbs. Use the words in parentheses . 1. If you don't look hard enough, you (not I find) it. 2. There are always people at the park if the weather (be) nice. 3. It's good to follow the directions if you (not I want) to get lost. 4. If I were you, I (not I do) it. 5. They wouldn't try it if they (know) all the risks. 6. If Andrea buys a new ca r, she (not I have) enough money for other things. 7. If you really (want) to do it, you'll make it happen. 8. If we (not I be) in such a hu rry, we would stop and ta ke pictu res. L ESSON 9 Use the sentences from the box to complete the conversation. No harm done. If I had remembered to take my G PS, we would have been on time. Sorry we're late. It can happen to anyone. I 'm ashamed to say we got lost. A: B: What happened? A: B: That's OK.----------------------------­ A: B: ___________________________ Let's get started. W80 UNIT 8 feralan.com

10 Read the statements. Then circle Yes or No. "We wou ldn't have gotten lost if you had asked for directions." 1. Did they get lost? Yes No 2. Did she ask for directions? Yes No "If I'd known we were going out to lu nch, I wouldn't have brought lunch with me." 3. Are they going out to l unch? Yes No 4. Did the woman know about the lu nch pla ns? 5. Did she bring lunch with her? Yes Yes No No " If we hadn't bought tickets early, we wouldn't have been able to see Alien Invasion." 6. Did they buy tickets ea rly? Yes No 7. Were they able to see Alien Invasion? Yes No "They wouldn't have been on time if they had ta ken the 8 o'clock train." 8. Were they on time? Yes No 9. Did they ta ke the 8 o'clock train? Yes No 11 Circle the phrase that correctly completes each sentence. 1. If television hadn't been I wou ldn't have been invented, I wou ld have read more when I was growi ng u p. 2. You would have had I had had more money at the end of the month if you had been more carefu l about your spending . 3. If people had known more about the product, many of them wouldn't have bought / hadn't bought it. 4. If we had rea l ly thought about our travel plans, we wou ldn't go I wouldn't have gone to the desert in the summer. 5. We would have bought more food if we hadn't known I had known that so many people were going to come over for the pa rty. 6. If they had trained I would have trained the puppy better, she wouldn't have destroyed their home. 12 Complete the sentences. U s e t h e phrases in the box. You will not use all o f t h e phrases. had been had eaten would have been would have chosen had made would have had hadn't tal ked to wouldn't have eaten 1. If I a mistake, I wou Id have accepted responsibil ity. 2. Tom wou ldn't have heard the news yet if he Eddie last night. 3. If there had been another option, we it. 4. They more time for their children if they hadn't worked so m uch. 5. If I 'd known what was in it, I that dessert. Inventions and Discoveries W81 feralan.com

13 WHAT ABOUT YOU? Complete the sentences in your own way. 1. If I had forgotten about an appointment, ___________ _ 2. I would have done things differently __________ _ 3. If I hadn't , I would n't have ___________ _ L ESSON 14 Write the letter of the definition that matches each word. You wi ll use some definitions more than once. a. is silly in an exciting or d. doesn't u se time, money, g. uses new ideas amusing way energy, etc., in the best way b. works well without wasting e. doesn't u se the most modern h. is the only one of its ki nd machines or methods in time, money, or energy business or industry c. uses new technology f. offers high qual ity 1. __ cutting-edge 6. __ inefficient 11. __ state-of-the-a rt 2. __ efficient 7. __ innovative 1 2. __ top-of-the-line 3. __ first-rate 8. __ low-tech 1 3 . __ u nique 4. __ high-end 9. __ novel 14. __ wacky 5. __ high-tech 1 0. __ revol utionary 15 Look at the ads. Check the word that best describes each product. Explain your choice. TIRED OF RUINING YOUR BOOKS BY FOLDING THE PAGES? 1. D low-tech D novel D u nique W82 UNIT 8 How much time do you waste writing your return address? Never write your return address again! 2. D efficient D wacky D cutting-edge feralan.com

Now you can hear, see, and sme// your favorite programs! This will change cooking shows forever! 3. D high-tech D low-tech D efficient EVERY KID'S DREAM COMES TRUE. J ust type in the assignment, a nd o ut comes your homework ! 5. D innovative D i nefficient D wacky L ESSON - WHO NEEDS BAND MEMBERS WHEN YOU 'VE GOT ONE MAN BAND? - 4. D wacky D state-of-the-a rt D cutting-edge DON'T LET RAINY DAYS SLOW YOU DOWN! 6. D inefficient D low-tech D top-of-the-line ..ll•Sa� 16 Read the article Antibiotics on page 94 in the Student's Book again. Match the terms in the first column with their defin itions. Write the letters on the lines. EXTRA READING 1. __ tetracycline COMPREHENSION 2. __ penicillin 3. __ viral illness 4. __ antibiotic-resista nt bacteria a. b. c. d. anti-bacterial powder that was made from mold bacteria that don't respond to antibiotics d rug that stops the growth of bacteria sickness that does not need antibiotics Inventions and Discoveries W83 feralan.com

17 Read the article. Check true, false, or no i nformation. Correct the false statements. ··· RUBE GO LDBE R G ·········································································· · · Of all the wacky i nventions people have designed, none can com pa re to the innovative creations of an awa rd-winning ca rtoonist R ube Goldberg . Rube Gold berg wa s born in San Fra ncisco in 1 883. He earned a degree in engineering, but he wasn't interested in it. He preferred d rawing ca rtoons that made fun of the changes that were happening in the ea rly twentieth century. In the early 1 900s, people were busy creating new machines to help make l ife easier and get thi ngs done faster. The U.S. Patent Office was flooded every year with new i nventions for absolutely everything. Rube Goldberg saw the humor and dangers in the new i nventions that were cha nging the lives of ordinary people. And so, for over fifty years, he drew cartoons that made fun of the n ew mach ines. He d rew "inventions" that used simple everyday items-buckets, cups, balls, sticks, etc.-con nected to each other in funny ways to get the simplest task done in many compl icated steps. Rube Goldberg took the simplest task and, using the most low-tech tech nology, made it the most compl icated task with high-tech design. H is inventions became so famous that his name has been included as a noun in Webster's Dictionary. One i nvention, for exa mple, was the " Self-O perati ng Napkin, " which a utomatical ly wipes a person's chin. H ere's how it works : A person l ifts a soup spoon to his/her mouth . The spoon pulls a stri ng, which ma kes a larger spoon throw a cracker to a parrot . The pa rrot Rube Goldberg (n.) a comically i nvolved, compl icated invention, laboriously contrived to perform a sim ple operation j umps to catch the cracker. The stand, on which the parrot was sitting, fa l ls over and ma kes bird seeds fa ll i nto a bucket. The extra weight in the bucket pulls a string, which lights a lighter. The lighter sets off a fire cracker that ca uses a knife to cut another string. A pendulum that was attached to the stri ng swings back and forth . It has a napkin attached to it, so when it swings, it wipes the person's chin. Th i rteen steps make the chin clean, j ust by lifti ng a spoon ! Today, in memory of Rube Goldberg, The National Rube Goldberg Machine Contest is held each yea r. Teams compete to create machines to do the simp lest tasks in no less than twenty steps . Recent winning i nventions have i ncluded a mach i ne to squeeze orange j uice, a mach ine to toast b read, and a mach i ne to turn off an alarm clock. true false no i nformation 1. In the early twentieth centu ry there were a lot of dangerous inventions. 2. Rube Goldberg designed wacky i nventions. 3. He wanted to have his i nventions patented . 4. H is desig ns used new technology. 5. The "Self-Operating Napkin" was an efficient tool. 6. Rube Goldberg was serious about his inventions. 7. H igh-tech inventions that are too compl icated are ca lled Rube Goldberg. 8. The inventions sent to The National Rube Goldberg Machine Contest shouldn't ta ke more than twenty steps to complete a task. W84 UNIT 8 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D feralan.com

18 Think of an i nvention that you use. In what ways is it useful to you? How wou ld l ife be different without it? What do you th ink people wou ld use or do if that i nvention had never been created? 19 C HALLENGE. Create a Rube Goldberg machine that completes a simple task in many complicated steps. Describe the machine on a separate sheet of paper. You can also d raw a picture of it. G RAMMAR BOOSTER A Complete the sentences with .if or u nless. 1. She's not going to go to Brown University they offer her a big scholarship. 2. I wouldn't say that I didn't have the documents to prove it. 3. ______ I did n't need the item now, I'd order it on li ne. It's m uch cheaper. 4. Jan doesn't wear boots ______ they're from this store. 5. M r. Winston always eats lunch in the park it's not raining or cold. 6. they offer her a rea l ly high salary, she's not going to take the job. B Read each pair of sentences. Complete the second sentence in each pair with wish + the correct clause so that it has the same meaning as the fi rst sentence. 1 . Yesterday, I wanted it to snow. Yesterday, I wis-J.1ed it wovld s-n ow 2. I ________________ want to arrive ea rly tomorrow. ea rly tomorrow. 3. I ________________ shou ld have i nvented the com puter. the computer. 4. Kevin Moran wa nts to have a driver's license. Kevin Moran ________________ a driver's l icense. 5. The doctor wants the patient to start eating more fruits and vegetables. The doctor ________________ more fruits and vegetables. 6. I ________________ shou ldn't have eaten so many cookies last night! so many cookies last night! Inventions and Discoveries W85 feralan.com

C Com plete the past unreal conditional sentences, using active or passive forms. 1. Mark is a great student who was chosen to represent the school. If he weren't such a good student, he llVovldo' t J,,ave been cJ,,05eo 2. The house wasn't damaged by the hu rricane, so we d id n't get any insurance money. But if the house ________________ , we would have gotten some money. 3. The g uests aren't cheerfu l because the DJ left. If the DJ hadn't left, the guests _______________ _ 4. People aren't looking for the treasu re anymore because it's already been discovered. If it hadn't yet been discovered, people it. 5. They're still thinki ng of a name for the baby, because she hasn't been given one yet. If the baby ________________ a name, they wouldn't be th inki ng of one. 6. Marcia isn't working for H unter Corporation because she moved out of the cou ntry. If she hadn't moved out of the cou ntry, she ________________ for H u nter Corporation. WRITING BOOSTER A Read the article. Write the main idea of each paragraph on the line. How to Become an I nventor Many people th ink that becoming an inventor is a simple process of th ree steps: having a bright idea, resea rching the ma rket for the idea, and then sell i ng that idea to a large company. It's not that simple, however, and can often be a time-consuming, d ifficu lt process. So let's take a look at what you need to do to become an inventor. Main idea: _________________________________ _ Every invention sta rts with an idea. Brainstorm your ideas with colleagues, friends, and fami ly. For any idea they like, do resea rch to check that your idea is original. Decide if you want to protect or patent your idea from being copied. Think careful ly a bout this, as you do not want to be an i nventor who says, "He wouldn't have been able to stea l my idea if I had patented it." Main idea: _________________________________ _ So now you have the idea, what's next? Once you settle on the idea for your invention, study the market you want to sell it to. Get to know as much as you can about the customers who will buy your product. Make sure it wi ll be profitable. Main idea: _________________________________ _ Once you have identified the ma rket for your i nvention, write a business plan, possibly create a sample of your product, and then go out and try to sell it. This is a cha l lenging stage because you could meet with a lot of rejection. Keep going and don't give u p. Do not lose sight of your goal-seeing you r product used and enjoyed by millions. Main idea: ________________________________ _ W86 UNIT S feralan.com

B Read the two summary paragraphs for the a rticle in Exercise A. Check the one that best summarizes the a rticle. D Summa ry 1: Becoming an i nventor is not as easy as it seems. It is a complex process that involves many steps a nd takes a lot of time and energy. However, success will more likely come to those i nventors who keep positive a nd never g ive u p. D S ummary 2: It is a long and time-consu ming process to become an i nventor. It i nvolves a lot of steps: brainstormi ng ideas, checki ng competition, applying for patents, studying the ma rket, writi ng business plans, and then going out and selling the idea. The latter can be d iscou raging at times, but i nventors need to stay positive and not g ive u p. C Read the a rticle. Write the main idea of each pa ragraph on the line. Then write your own summa ry paragraph at the end of the a rticle. G lobal Pos itioning Systems If you've ever said, "I wish I knew where I was going" or "If on ly there were some way to find this address" then it may be time to consider buying you rself a G lobal Positioning System, or G PS. Let' Main s look i dea at =������������������������������� some of the uses of a G PS device. Maybe you travel a lot by ca r and can not look at a paper map to find your way around. There is a G PS for ca rs that speaks to you and tel ls you exactly how to get to your destination. Maybe you're a golfer who has lost his golf ba ll and you need to find it on the field. There's a GPS for this. How about you're a ru n ner and want to track your speed, distance, and the cou rses you run. Wel l, there's a GPS for this, too. What Main idea= kinds ������������������������������� of G PS devices are there? Well, G PS devices come in all kinds of shapes and sizes, and are available in a va riety of prices. Some are small and can fit i nto a pocket, and others are waterproof. And for people who don't like to ca rry anythi ng extra with them, G PS systems are also available on smart phones. Main idea:������������������������������� Inventions and Discoveries W87 feralan.com

UNIT 9 Controvers ial I ssues W88 1 Complete the crossword puzzle. Use the clues below to help you. 2 4 5 7 Across 1. In a __ , one person holds all the pol itical power. Denmark is the oldest monarchy in the world, going back more than 1 ,000 years . 3. A democracy, a dictatorship, and a monarchy are th ree types of--· 5. A __ establ ishes the basic laws of a democratic cou ntry. 7. An __ is held so that people can choose someone for an official position. Down 1. In a __ , people in the government are elected by citizens. 2. The activities involved with gaining powe r in a cou ntry's government are ca l led __ . 4. A king or queen is the head of government in a--· 6. Citizens in a democracy __ to choose their l eaders. 2 Read each pair of sentences. Write "=" if the sentences have the same or similar meani ngs. Write 11"1;11 if the meani ngs are d ifferent. 1. Shoot. 2. What are you up to these days? 3. I 'm leaning towa rd Smith . 4. No worries. 5. Let's catch u p. Ask your question. What are you doing tomorrow? I may vote for Smith . It wouldn't be a good idea. I often ta lk a lot. feralan.com

3 WHAT ABOUT YOU? Answer the questions in your own way. 1. Which kind of pol itics i nterests you most: loca l, national, or international? Why? 2. H ow do you learn about politics? D books D newspapers D television D discussions D other: _______ _ LESSON 4 O rganize the words in the box. Write them on the lines, in order. Begin on the left with the word that descri bes a person most supportive of change, and finish on the right with the word that describes a person least supportive of change. conservative liberal moderate radical reactionary 5 Writ______ e each word from the box in Exercise 4 next to its defin i tion below. ______ having reasonable, not extreme pol itical views wanting to avoid all political or social changes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ______ ______ wanting pol itical and social changes that give people more freedom ______ wanting extreme pol itica l and social changes preferring not to risk pol itical or social changes 6 Put the conversation in order. Write the number on the l ine. __ I hope it's not inappropriate to ask, but are you a bit reactiona ry? _ Wou ld you mind if I asked you a question? __ That's a good question! But I feel a l ittle u ncomfortable discussing politics these days. __ I g uess you cou ld say that. __ Not at all. What do you want to know? __ I u nderstand. It's kind of a controversial subject. 7 Circle the word or ph rase that correctly com pletes each sentence. 1. We can ask the teacher for advice I a dvices. 2. Progress have I has been made on this issue. 3. We need to submit our project soon. The ti me I Time is running out. 4. Even when he's very busy, he won't ask for help I a help. 5. Crime has I have been on the rise in ou r city for the past two yea rs. Controversial Issues W89 feralan.com

8 Read each sentence. If the sentence is correct, write �- If the sentence is incorrect, write l and correct it. 1. She loves to discuss work. __ 2. A career cou nselor can give you a lot of helpfu l advices-: __ 3. There are a lot of news to tell you about! __ 4. Do you have times to hel p us? __ 5. He has made a lot of progress with this issue. __ 6. Good informations are hard to find. __ 7. Government officials from both sides are meeting to discuss a peace. __ 8. They organized a conference on children's hea lth and education . __ 9. Money is col lected to help families living in the poverty. __ 1 0. Without proofs, the pol ice can't arrest him. __ LESSON 9 Match each word or phrase with the correct definition. __ l. in favor of a. have a different opi nion __ 2. agai nst b. opposed to, not supporting __ 3. agree c. not right __ 4. d isagree d. have the same opi n ion __ 5. wrong e. supporti ng, thinking something is a good idea 10 Read each sentence. Write True or False. 1. A controversial issue often causes d isagreement among people. ___ _ 2. If an action is prohibited, then it is allowed or permitted. ___ _ 3. If you lower something, then you reduce it or make it smaller. ___ _ 4. If something is compu lsory, it is optional. ___ _ 5. When something is censored, it is not permitted because it is considered by some people to be offensive, morally ha rmful, or pol itica lly dangerous. ___ _ 6. To raise something is to move it to a different, but equal level. ___ _ The minimum driving age refers to the youngest age at which a person can legally obtain a driver's license. Here are some minimum driving ages around the world. (Note that the ages shown here are minimums in a country, and in some cases, certain states or provinces may have higher minimum ages.) Niger Cura�ao Venezuela Poland Canada U.S.A Ethiopia 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 11 Read each pair of sentences. Circle the letter of the correct answer in each pai r. 1. a. Management requires all employees to attend the meeti ng. b. Management requires to attend the meeti ng. W90 UNIT 9 feralan.com

2. a. The organization encou rages to vote in the u pcoming election. b. The organization encou rages everyone to vote in the u pcoming election. 3. a. I can't afford to buy anything extra right now. b. I ca n't afford me to buy anything extra right now. 4. a. The city prohibits everyone overnight pa rking on all major streets. b. The city prohibits overnight parking on all major streets. 5. a. They invited a ba nd to play at their pa rty. b. They i nvited to play at their pa rty. 6. a. The children can't wait to open presents. b. The children can't wait the family to open presents. 12 Complete the sentences with an appropriate object. Write X if an object isn't necessary. 1. She decided X to vote for the libe ral candidate. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1 0. The managers permitted tJ...e wo rkeH to leave ea rly on the holiday. He invited to go to the pa rty. Experts encou rage ______ to read to children. The pol ice were wa rning ______ ______ to stay away from the area. ______ to buy a lot of l uxu ries. to eat peas and carrots. Most students can't afford The baby refuses Wi ll you please ______ remind ______ to give me the money tomorrow? ______ to participate in the study? to knit? Did you agree Where can I learn 13 WHAT ABOUT YOU? Complete the sentences in your own way. Use verbs followed by an i nfi nitive or an o bject and an i nfin itive. 1. When I was a child, I pretended ________________________ _ 2. My school allows----------------------------- 3. �I were having a pa rt� I'd invite ________________________ � 4. In my opinion, everyone deserves ________________________ � L ESSON 14 Read the a rticle on page 1 04 in the Student's Book again. Complete the sentences. Circle the letter of the correct answer. EXTRA READING COMPREHENSION 1. Corruption is--· a. people ta ki ng bribes b. power c. racial d iscrimi nation 2. Poverty causes--· a. people to earn $1 .00 a day b. children to die c. bad govern ment pol icies 3. Acts of terrorism are i ncreasing because some people __ . a. are poor b. use milita ry force c. watch too much TV Controversial Issues W91 feralan.com

4. Racism is --· a. natu ra l 5. Discrimination leads to a. racia l minorities b. intolerance of others b. ethnic groups c. genocide c. u nfairness towards othe rs 6. One item not mentioned in the article as a sol ution to current world problems is __ . a. better education and b. reduction of poverty and c. cross-cu ltu ra l student understanding of others exposing corruption exchanges 15 Read the b log. Then answer the q uestions. , MY BLOG-YOUR BLOG Today's topic: Global warmi ng Every day light from the sun warms the earth, causing it to release h eat. Gases in the earth's atmospherem ostly carbon d ioxide (CO)-stop some of the heat f rom escaping into s pace so that the earth is kept warm. For the past 1 0,000 yea rs, this h eat has kept the earth at regu lar tem peratu res. H owever, over the past 1 00 years, scienti sts have n oticed higher levels of COr More C02 means m ore h eat, which m eans higher tem pe ratu res on earth. We've already seen some con seq ue nces of g lobal wa rming. Nine of the ten warmest years in h istory have occu rred in the last fifteen yea rs . G round that has been frozen since the l ast Ice Age is melting. The re are more hurrica nes and catastrophic storms than ever before. So, what do YOU think is causing g lobal warming? What, if a nything, should we do about it? Post your com ment Comments G loria yesterday, 9:00 A.M. What's the big deal? The earth is wa rmer by only 1 degree Fah re nheit. Talk to me when it's 7 degrees warmer. Brad yesterday, 9:20 A. M. Look at the facts . H igher tem peratures have already made the ice in Antarctica melt faster, causing higher sea levels. By 2 1 00, when the temperatures are 7 degrees higher, many coastal areas wi ll be flooded. Skeptical-in-Seattle yesterday, 1 0:30 A. M. Climate has changed many times in the h istory o f o u r planet. It is only natu ral. Let's not lose sleep over it, alright? Kris yesterday, 1 2:07 P. M. I total ly disagree! Climate change � natu ral, but what is happening today is not! G lobal warming is the fau lt of everyone who drives a car, flies on a plane, bui lds factories, and cuts trees. All of that creates more C02• We must stop damaging our planet for future generations. We must u rge our govern ment l eaders to control industries that harm the air. Reactionary yesterday, 1 : 13 P. M. This whole debate is useless. People who say we need to change the way we l ive are radicals. The earth is always warming and cooling. We just need to accept it and learn how to l ive in a natu ral ly changing climate. We could, for example, build homes farther away from the water to avoid higher sea levels. Win ston yesterday, 2:17 P. M. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported after reviewing the scientific research that it is more than 90% certain that humans are causing global warming. Gases from cars and factories are causing temperatu res to rise. We need to do something before it's too l ate! Linda yesterday, 2:33 P. M. HA! 90% certain leaves 1 0% u nce rtain. The I PCC report has l ots of errors and is exaggerated. It isn't only the cars and factories that are causing g lobal warming. What about the changes in the sun's brightness during its 1 1 -year solar cycle? It causes temperatu res to i ncrease. Erupti ng volcanoes can produce lots of C02 too. W92 UNIT 9 feralan.com

1. What is global wa rming? ___________________________ _ 2. What are the effects of global warming? _____________________ _ 3. What did the I PCC� report say? ________________________ _ 4. How much has the tem peratu re of the ea rth increased? ________________ _ 5. What are two possible human causes of global warming? _______________ _ 6. What are two possible natu ra l causes of globa l wa rming? _______________ _ 16 Read each statement. Wou ld the blogger agree or d i sagree with the statement? Circle agree or disagree. Explain your answer. 1. Gloria wou ld agree I d isagree with this statement: "Global warming is not a problem." _________________ _ 2. Winston would agree I d i sagree with this statement: "Globa l warming is a natu ral event." ______________ _ 3. Skeptica l-in-Seattle would agree I d i sagree with this statement: "Changes m ust be made to address globa l wa rming." ___________________ _ 4. Kris would agree I d i sagree with this statement: "Global wa rming is caused by peop le." _____________ _ 5. Linda wou ld agree I disagree with this statement: "I PCC is a reliable source for information about global wa rmi ng." _________________ _ LESSON April 22nd is Earth Day. It was first establ ished in 1970. The purpose of this global holiday is to raise awareness of environmental problems and issues and to promote a healthy environment for all people, plants, and animals. Each year on this day people rededicate themselves to taking care of the Earth. 17 Write your own response to each statement. Ag ree or di sagree and explain your opinion. 1. Everyone in a democracy should vote. It's their responsibility. � That1 S' one I.Nay to look at it, but I think it1 S' each per>on1 S' Choice l.Nhether to vote or not. OR I agree 1.Nith you on that one. A democracy doe>n1 t I.Nork if people don1 t pa rticipate. 2. Sometimes capita l punishment is necessa ry. � --------------------------------- 3. All students shou ld be required to wea r uniforms to school. � --------------------------------- 4. The world would be a better place if all cou ntries were democracies. � ----------------------------------� Controversial Issues W93 feralan.com

18 Write a l etter to your newspaper editor presenting your views on one of the issues below. • censorship of video games • prohibiting smoking in public places • raising the driving age to 21 • another i mportant issue in this country G RAMMAR BOOSTER W94 A Com pl ete each phrase with the correct unit expression from the box. I act bowl piece pot sl ice year 1. a(n) of news 4. a(n) of peace 2. a(n) of tea 5. a(n) of apple pie 3. a(n) of rice 6. a(n) of violence B Circle the word or phrase that correctly completes each sentence. 1. Sandra Jensen wanted to work in the government to make sure that justices a re I j ustice is served. 2. People who want to be lawyers study laws I law in school. 3. I got my hairs I hair c u t a t a new salon last week. 4. You shouldn't eat too m uch sugar I many sugars if you 're trying to lose weight. 5. The U nited Nations works for peaces I peace in cou ntries all over the world. 6. Over time, the light I l ig hts from the sun can change the color of fabrics. 7. Medicine is I Medicines are a very i nteresting but d ifficult field. 8. In some pa rts of the world, coffee is I coffees a re more popular than tea I teas. C Com plete each sentence with a gerund or an i nfinitive. When either a geru nd or an i nfinitive is correct, fi ll in the blank with both forms. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. On weekends, I enjoy __________ late. sleep Some people don't like __________ about pol itics. __________ ta lk Jerome decided his father's advice. take Watch movies is one of my favorite activities. You shou ld avoid __________ on the phone when you d rive. ta lk I wou ld like __________ work for the government when I finish col lege. UNIT 9 feralan.com

__________ is i mportant if you want to make a d ifference. Vote 7. 8. Nate will contin ue __________ medicine next yea r. study 9. Tom expects __________ home by eight. be D WHAT ABOUT YOU? Com plete each sentence in your own way. Use a gerund o r a n i nfin itive. 1. I don't mind even though a lot of people don't like it. 2. Sometime in my life I wou ld like _________ _ 3. I generally try to avoid _________ _ 4. When I'm on vacation, I usually feel like _________ _ 5. In the futu re, I hope _________ _ 6. For many people, it's very d ifficult to quit _________ _ 7. If I decided , I would have to think about it a lot first. 8. I real ly hate ________ _ WRITING BOOSTER A Read the words and expressions. Circle the ones that i ntrodu ce contrasting ideas. 1. as ... as 5. on the other hand 9. on the one hand 2. in my opin ion 6. nevertheless 1 0. to me, 3. in contrast 7. for i nstance 11. in favor of 4. even though 8. however 1 2. no matter what B Read the issues listed below. Choose one i ssue and underline it. Then, in the chart, write three a rg uments in favor of it (pros) and three a rguments against it (cons). I ssues: • Prohibiting students to use cell phones in class • Ban n ing certain books from school libraries • Censorship of violent movies Pros Cons C On a separate sheet of paper, write at least two paragraphs a bout the issue you chose in Exercise B. I nclude both the pros and the cons of the i ssue. Use the expressions for i ntroducing contrasting ideas you identified in Exercise A. Controversial Issues W95 feralan.com

W96 UNIT 10 Beautifu I World 1 Complete the map of South America. Use the i nformation under the map to label the places. Write the letter on the line. 1. Pacific Ocean ECUADOR 1 6. N I ndex • = mountain range - = country border • = city * = capital city r a. Ca racas is the capital city of Venezuela. b. Rio de Janeiro is a city in Brazi l. c. Brasilia is the capita l of Brazi l. d. Lake Titicaca is on the border of Bol ivia and Peru . e. Bogota is the capital of Colombia. f. The Atlantic Ocean is east of South America. 2 Look at the map again and answer the questions. 1. Name the capita l of Ecuador. _______ _ 3. 4. 600 mi 5. 2. Pa ramari bo is the capita l of which South American cou ntry? ___ ___ _ 3. Name a city in Bol ivia that is not the ca pita l city. _______ _ 4. What is the capita l of U ruguay? _______ _ feralan.com

5. In which mou ntain ra nge is Sa ntiago located? _______ _ 6. Buenos Aires is the capita l city of which cou ntry? _______ _ 7. Which ________ two South American cou ntries do not share a border with an ocean or sea? and _______ _ 3 WHAT ABOUT YOU? Name the fol lowi ng geographical features of your cou ntry. 1. capita l city ________________________________ _ 2. another city ________________________________ _ 3. border cou ntries _______________________________ _ 4. a body of water ______________________________ _ 5. another geographical featu re __________________________ _ 4 Circle the best response to each question. 1. "Is it worth seeing?" a. "Yes, you shou ld defin itely go." b. "No, you don't want to miss it." 2. "Shou ld we drive up to see Nunobiki Waterfall in Kiwa Town?" a. "No, it's worth seeing." b. "Yes, it's spectacular!" 3. "Have you ever seen the volcanoes on Reunion Island?" a. "I can't say I have." b. "What a coincidence!" 4. "Get a look at the mou ntains while you 're there." a. "Thanks, we'll ta ke it slow." b. "Than ks for the suggestion." 5. "Is that schedu le doable in one week?" a. "It'll be busy, but you ca n handle it." LESSON 5 Complete the reading with i n, on, or of. P O RTU G A L b. "Yes, it's worth seeing." Portugal is a nation ______ southwestern Europe, and is ______ the 1. 2. western coast the I berian Pen insula. Spain is both north and west ______ 3. Portugal, which is on the Atlantic Ocean. 4. There are many mou ntains ranges ______ the north, but the largest and hig hest 5. mou ntain range in the cou ntry, Serra da Estrela, is located ______ the central region 6. of the cou ntry. The capital city, Lisbon, is the west coast ______ Portugal. It is also � 8. located ______ the Tajo River, which is the longest river in Portugal. 9. The city of Porto is located ______ the Dou ro River, which is ______ the north. 1 0. 11. Beautiful World W97 feralan.com

6 Look at the map. Complete the sentences in your own way. FRANCE AUSTRIA 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. is/a re in is/a re southwest of is on is/a re located on is/a re north of is/a re located to · Switzerland has a population of approximately eight mil lion people? • Switzerland has four official languages (German, French, Italian, and Romansh)? - · The Swiss flag is square, not rectangular? - • Many mountains in the Swiss Alps are over 4000 meters high? ITALY 7 WHAT ABOUT YOU? Describe the location of your city or town in relation to some other places. Use p repos itions of geographical place. 1. ������������������������������- 2. ������������������������������- 3. ������������������������������- W98 UNIT 10 feralan.com

8 Read each conversation. Answer the q uestion. Check Yes or No. 1. Jeremy: What did you think of the trip to the waterfa lls? Erin: I thought it was a waste of time. Shou ld Jeremy go on the trip? 2. Bethany: We m ig ht go to Wonder World. Do you th ink we shou ld g o? Carl: Oh, you don't wa nt to m iss it. Does Ca rl think Bethany should go to Wonder World? 3. Adam: What do you th ink of that new scie nce fiction movie? Mark: It's a m u st-see. Did Mark like the movie? 4. Chad: Have you heard anythi ng about the newest Las Vegas hotel? Va lerie: I hear it's overrated. Does Va lerie th ink the hotel is great? D Yes D No D Yes D No D Yes D No D Yes D No 5. Sarah: I 'm thinking of taking the train to Pinewood. Have you ever been there? Jen n ifer: Yes. Be sure to see it. Does Jennifer think Sarah should go to Pinewood? 9 Com plete the conversations in your own way. D Yes D No 1. Your friend: I'm thinki ng about going on vacation. Do you have any recom mendations? � Yes! Don't miss----------------------------­ Your friend: Why's that? 2. � �ur fr ----------------------------------� iend: What do you th ink about _____________________ ? � Wel l, I think it's overrated. Your friend: Rea l ly? Why do you say that? � -------------------------------� LESSON 10 Com plete the sign with the correct words from the box. You wi ll not use all of the words. (ii) Attention All Hikers: Hiking is great exercise, and it can be a lot of fun. cave cl iff dangerous dark exhausting foggy path rocky slippery steep � But hiking can also be dan9erous . Follow these rules to stay safe. • Take plenty of food and water. This is a long hike, and it con be . You'll need food to give you energy. • Don't ever go into a . Animals might be living there, and they'll fight to protect their territory. • Be careful if you hike early in the morning. Sometimes it's , and it con be difficult to see. • If you hike in the evening, take a flashlight. If you' re not back before it gets , you'll need it to fi nd your way back. • Be careful in the winter. The paths can get icy, and then they're really------ Beautiful World W99 feralan.com

11 Look at the pictures. Check the sentence that matches each pictu re. D The path can be very slippery. D Wow! This is steep! D It's rea l ly da rk. D It can be qu ite foggy. D This path is exhausti ng. D The cl iff is extremely high. D The path is rea l ly rocky. D It's rea lly dark. 12 Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use too + an adjective and an i nfi nitive. 1. Why doesn't he want to go swimmi ng? _____ _ 4. Why don't they see Shark Attack? ___ __ _ W100 UNIT 10 2. Why ca n't he read this whole 3. Why isn't she going to wear book today? th is dress? _____ _ 5. Why isn't he sleeping? wa lking? ______ _ feralan.com

13 Complete the sentences, using too + an adjective and an i nfi nitive. Add a for phrase where necessary. 1. This bag is_�������������������������������­ heavy I me I ca rry 2. The monuments you want to see a ren1 ______________________ _ steep I climb 3. Jessica is---------------------------------­ young I vote 4. The tri p to France is _____________________________ � expensive I my friends I afford 5. This concert is going to be---------------------------­ good I us I miss 6. I was--------------------------my homework last night. sleepy I fin ish 14 Rewrite each pair of sentences using too + an i nfi nitive and a for phrase. 1. The path is very slippery. Don't wa lk on it. TJ,,e pat/,, is- too s-l ippery fo r you to I.Na ik on. 2. That sweater is q uite expensive. She shou ldn't buy it. 3. It's not very late. You can ca ll Matt now. 4. It's so hot. I couldn't possibly drink coffee! 5. That movie is very violent. Beverly can't see it. 6. It's 9:00, and the movie is at 9:1 5. We won't get to the theater on time. 15 Circle the word or phrase that best completes each conversation. 1. A: Can you tell me the way to the beach? B: Not at all. I Yes, it's that way. 2. A: Be ca refu l at the beach . The water can be I isn't real ly da ngerous. B: OK, thanks. 3. A: The u ndertow is dangerous I too cold. B: I'll be carefu l. 4. A: You need to be ca refu l. B: Thanks for the ri sk I warning. Beautiful World W101 feralan.com

L ESSON 16 Label the drawing with the words in the box. Write the correct nouns on the sol id lines. Write the correct adjectives on the Q.Q�t�.d. li nes. 17 flat forest hilly 1 . . .. ... . ... . . . ... . ... . . . .. . 2. ___ _ island mountainous val ley 3 . . . .. . . . .. ... ... . . . . . . . . ... 4 . . .. . .. . . .. . . . . ... . . . . . . . . 5. ___ _ 6. ___ _ Match each word to the correct defi n ition or description. 1. a rid a. an area of lower land between two mou ntains or hills 2. a canyon b. a piece of land that is com pletely su rrou nded by water 3. flat c. very dry, receiving very l ittle ra in 4. a forest d. a thick forest with many large plants and ta ll trees growi ng very 5. an island close together, usua l ly in an area that receives a lot of rain 6. a jungle e. having a lot of hea lthy plants 7. l ush f. smooth and level, without higher or lower areas 8. a va lley g. very impressive 9. spectacular h. a deep va lley with very steep sides of rock that usually has a river ru nning through it i. a large area of land that is covered with trees 18 WHAT ABOUT YOU? Write the names of places you know for each of the following natural settings. 1. a spectacular place: 2. a mou ntainous p lace: 3. a canyon: 4. an island: 5. an arid place: W102 UNIT 10 feralan.com

LESSON 19 Match each person to the sentence that best descri bes him or her. 1. " I'd like to learn more a bout the relationsh i ps between pla nts, anima ls, and the con ditions they l ive in." __ 2. "I help peo ple find a lternative ways to heat their homes. " __ 3. "I want to make sure that huma ns don't ruin the earth's clean air a nd water. " __ 4. "I h ave a business that sells envi ro n menta l ly-friendly refrig erators and air conditioners . " __ a. This person is interested in the environment. b. This person is interested in preventing pol l ution. c. This person is interested in renewable energy. d. This person is interested in energy efficiency. 20 Read the article Choose Clean Energy and Help Curb Global Warming on page 118 in the Student's Book again. Check true, false, or no i nformation. EXTRA READING COMPREHENSION 1. Oil, coal, and natu ra l gas are examples of fossil fuels that i ncrease g loba l warming. 2. Ta king care of your car tires can help the environ ment a nd your budget. 3. I ncandescent light bu lbs use less electricity than fluorescent bul bs. 4. Foods with pesticides are bad for your health. 5. G loba l warming is responsible for extreme changes in the weather. 6. Wind and solar power are renewable energy alte rnatives to fossi l fuels. true D D D D D D fal se no i nformation D D D D D D D D D D D D Beautiful World W103 feralan.com

21 Match the beginning of each sentence on the left with the best end ing on the right. Use the i nformation in the Reading on page 118 in the Student's Book. EXTRA READING COMPREHENSION 1 . An i ncrease in COr .. 2. Energy-efficient appliances .. . 3. Compact fluorescent bulbs .. . 4. Recycling ... 5. Rise in sea levels ... 6. People ca n ... a. causes flooding. b. reduces pol l ution by 70 to 90%. c. contributes to globa l warmi ng. d. take steps to curb g lobal warming. e. save electricity. f. cut down electricity use by 25%. 22 Read a bout the Rainforest Flyway Company. Then circle the letter of the answer that best completes each sentence. W104 Located in Cairns, Australia, Rainforest Flyway is a world leader in ecotourism. We take our guests on a breathtaking "fl ight" over rainforest trees and straight i nto the heart of the rainforest for an unforgettable experience. UNIT 10 On the Flyway, you'll experience over 7.5 kilometers of living rainforest while learning about this spectacular place. Did you know that Austral ia's rainforests are home to over 3,000 different plant species? And some of the trees here are more than 3,000 years old! After this visit you'll u nderstand why it's so important to preserve the rainforests. And you'll see that environmentally responsible travel can be fun, educational, and breathtaking. Even if you're a world traveler, you've never experienced a nything like the Rainforest Flyway. You'll start your unique journey above the rainforest, as you "fly" in a comfortable gondola only a few meters above the trees. Sit back and enjoy the extraordinary scenery. You will be amazed at the breathtakingly rich and lush fol iage. And rest assured, there was no damage done to the rai nforest ecology during the construction of your gondola. That's why the development of the Flyway took over 40 months to complete! Your gondola will bring you down i nto the rainforest itself, where you follow a path to see, hear, a nd smell the rainforest environment from the ground. Free tours are available several times a day. Tour guides can point out some u nusual plants, provide you with interesting facts about rainforest ecology, and answer your q uestions. Your Rainforest Flyway experience lasts 90 minutes and e nds in the small town of Kuranda , just 25 ki lometers northwest of Cairns. Here, you can continue your eco-tour with a visit to the protected areas that 2,000 tropical butterfl ies call home. You can also buy original arts and crafts made by the people of Kuranda. And if that isn't enough, you can continue on to the wildl ife reserves located a short 9 kilometers west of Kuranda to see animals from all parts of the world. Rainforest Flyway has won numerous awards, includi ng Travel Planet magazine's "Best Ecotourism Destination." Call or visit us online to make your reservations. feralan.com

1. On this trip, you ca n learn about--· a. some great ecotourism desti nations b. tour guides c. the ecology of Austral ia's rai nforests 2 . A gondola is--· a. a rai nforest animal b. a person who leads the tour c. a type of transportation 3. On this trip, g uests __ i nto the rainforest. a. don't go b. are lowered c. are ra ised 4. Ra i nforest Flyway encou rages guests to--· a. follow a path to explore the ra inforest b. make a new path in the ra i nforest c. ta ke a souvenir from the ra inforest 5. Tour guides can--· a. give you souvenirs b. make rese rvations for you c. teach you about the rai nforest 6. The ra i nforest has--· a. many types of arts and crafts b. 3,000 d ifferent types of plants c. 2,000 different types of tropical butterflies 23 Read the article again and answer the q uestions. 1. How long is the Rai nforest Flyway tour? ___________ _ 2. Who can answer q uestions about the rai nforest? ___________ _ 3. How ca n you make plans to visit the Rainforest Flyway? ___________ _ 4. Where is the wildl ife reserve? ___________ _ G RAM MAR BOOSTER A Correct the capital ization. T U. N. . N Y C. 1. -the headquarters of the ttnited -flat1ons are located in -t=tew -york i:1ty. 2. the novel dracula, by i rish author bram stoker, was first published in great britain in 1 897. 3. in canada, thanksgivi ng is celebrated on the second monday in october. but in the u nited states, the hol iday is celebrated on the fou rth thu rsday of november. 4. the beginning of the middle ages is often cal led the dark ages. by this time the g reat civil izations of greece and rome had fa l len, and life in europe was very hard. 5. city of god is a brazilian movie about life in one pa rt of rio de janeiro. The movie is in portuguese. Beautiful World W105 feralan.com

W106 B Complete the sentences. Write the if it's necessary or X if it isn't. 1. Severa l i nternational organizations, such as t'1e World Health Organization, and __ I nternational Com mittee of the Red Cross have their headquarters in __ Geneva . This city is in the western part of __ Switzerland on __ La ke Geneva . 2. __ Roman Empire reached its most powerful poi nt in the yea r 1 1 6. At this time, much of __ Europe, __ Asia, and pa rts of __ Africa were under Rome's control. 3. __ Caspian Sea is the largest lake in the_ world. It is a saltwater lake that is su rrounded by __ Kaza khstan, __ Tu rkmenistan, __ Iran, __ Azerbaijan, and __ Russia. The largest fresh water lake is __ Lake Superior, which is located on the border between __ Canada and __ United States. 4. The explorer Marco Polo is often credited with introducing pasta from __ China to his native cou ntry __ Ita ly. Although this fact is debatable, it is known that Marco Polo d id travel to __ Fa r East and is responsible for some of the first introductions of eastern cultu re to __ West. 5. Can you name the ta llest mou ntain in the world? You 've probably learned that it's __ Mou nt Everest (8,850 meters ta l l) in __ Hima laya Mountai ns. The top of this mou ntain is the highest point on ea rth . But did you know that there is a nother mou ntain that is actually tal ler? Its name is __ Mauna Kea, and it's located in __ Pacific Ocean. This mou ntain is 9,750 meters ta ll from its bottom to its top. But since the bottom of this mou ntain is on the ocean floor, it doesn't reach as high as __ Mount Everest. 6. __ Gulf of Aqaba is in __ M iddle East. It separates __ Sinai Peni nsu la, which is pa rt of __ Egypt, from __ Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. C Circle the correct preposition of place. 1 . Bangkok is on I in I of the cou ntry of Thailand. 2. Honolulu is on I in I of the island of Oahu on I in I of the state of Hawaii. 3. Which cou ntry is north on I in I of Namibia? 4. The Phi lippi nes are islands on I in I of the Pacific Ocean, to the north on I in I of Malaysia. 5. Senegal is on I in I of the west coast of Africa . 6. Finland is east on I in I of Sweden and Norway. D Complete the sentences in your own way. Use an i nfinitive or an adjective + an i nfi n itive. 1 . Your health is too impo rtant to i9nore 2. five o'clock in the evening isn't late enough ________________ _ 3. Designer clothes are too ---------------------------- 4. is a movie that's not good enough _______________ _ 5. Chi ldren at fou rteen are too --------------------------- 6. These shoes are too _____________________________ _ 7. 8. ________ ________ isn't big enough ______________________ _ is pretty enough ______________________ _ UNIT 10 feralan.com

E Complete the sentences, using too or enough and the adjective and an i nfi nitive. 1. The path to the volcano is if you're not wea ring good shoes. rocky I wa lk on 2. The water isn't because of the sharks. safe I swim 3. The waterfa ll is ___________ _ spectacu lar I miss 4. Tom's daughter is _____________ hiking with us. old I go 5. It's ____________ on the path because it's very slippery. dangerous I run 6. The waterfa ll is ____________ to from the beach. close I wa lk 7. That cl iff is ___________ _ steep I climb 8. The waves are _____________ , but the u ndertow is dangerous. big I surf WRITING BOOSTER A Look at the map of South Africa. Complete the sentences with the phrases from the box. You will not use all the phrases. ATLANTIC OCEAN Cape Town along the coast in the center of a long the river south of ort St. Johns INDIAN OCEAN at the end of to the north of 1. Johan nesburg is located ________ the capita l city of Pretoria. 2. The Indian Ocea n is the Orange River, the longest river in South Africa . 3. South Africa is the country of Namibia. 4. Bloemfontein is almost the cou ntry. 5. are Cape of Good H ope and Cape Agulhas. Beautiful World W107 feralan.com

B Look at these pictures of South Africa. Write three sentences to describe each place. W108 Use geographic nouns and adjectives and prepositions of place to provide detail s. Cape Town Kruger National Pa rk 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. Drakensberg Mou ntains Durban 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. C I magine yo u are on vacation in South Africa and you a re writing a letter about the places you 've seen. Choose two places from Exercise B and descri be them on a separate sheet of paper. Include the location, descri ptions of geographical features, and what a person could do there. Use the map in Exercise A and your sentences in Exercise B. Here is also some additional i nformation a bout each place you can use. [ ' ' Cape Town is often very windy. '' J UNIT 10 ' ' It can be foggy and slippery in the Dra kensberg Mou ntains. '' ' ' Kruger National Pa rk is flat in some places and hilly and mou ntainous in m ost pa rts . ,' '' It tends to be extremely humid in Durba n . '' feralan.com