THEORIES OF FIRST AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITON PREPARED BY : NUR ELISHA MAISARA BINTI RIDZUAN UNIT : ECE 2
THEORIES OF FIRST AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Language acquisition is the process through which humans gain the ability to be aware of language and to understand it as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate. FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITON B.F.Skinner - Children learn language step by step : imitation - repetition- memorization - controlled drilling - reinforcement Noam Chomsky - Theory of Universal Grammar.The language acquisiton device in children's brain allows them to deduce the structure of their native language through exposure to the language. Cognitive theory - Language acquisiton must be viewed in the contxt of children' s intellectual development and environment.This also focuses on exploring the realtionship between the stages of cognitive development and language skills. THEORIES :
SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITON Stephen Krashen : five stages : preproduction (silent phase),early production,speech emergence,intermediate fluency, and advaned fluency. THEORIES : Preproduction - At this stage, learners learn terms of the new language and practice them. Early Production - Learners can speak in short phrases of one or two phrases.They also collect new words. Speech Emergence - At this stage, learners know thousand of words and can communicate using simple questions and phrases. Immediate Fluency - Learners have an advaned vocabulary and can use more complicated sentence structures.They can also share their opinions and thoughts. Advanced Fluency - By this stage,learners will finally have several years of exerience , and can function at a level close of native speakers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FIRST LANGUAGE AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITON FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION DEFINIITION PROCESS EDUCATION AND INSTRUCTION NATIVE - LIKE FLUENCY CHILDREN 'S ACQUSITION OF THEIR NATIVE LANGUAGE. SUBCONSCIOUS PROCESS DOES NOT REQUIRE EXPLICIT INSTRUCTIONS OR EDUCATION REACH A NATIVE -LIKE FLUENCY LEARNING A LANGUAGE AFTER ACQUIRING THE MOTHER TONGUE. ACTIVELY AND COSCIOUSLY. REQUIRES EXPLICIT INSTRUCTION AND EDUCATION. DIFFICULT TO REACH A NATIVE-LIKE FLUENCY.