* Legends & Freedom Fighters of Chhattisgarh NACHA– Year 2022 Highlights NACHA with Indian Embassy Blockchain in Agriculture * Trip to Chhattisgarh AZADI KA AMRIT MAHOTSAV: VOL 09 NÙkhlx<+h;k lcys cf<+;k
Editor’s Note Jai Johar, It is my pleasure to share the ninth edition of Hamar Patrika with you all. Continuing on our trend of sharing information about key events, social and cultural updates from our various chapters, there is a lot to cover in this edition. As we know that India and our fellow Indians are celebrating ‘Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav’ to commemorate 75 years of independence and the glorious history of India, its people, culture and achievements. We would like to dedicate this edition to our countless unsung heroes who have made sacrifices for our freedom and to lay the foundation for India to become the largest democracy in the world. Be it technology, manufacturing, space exploration, education or tourism, we have left no stone unturned. Due to all of our collective efforts, we continue to make a significant impact on a global scale. Let us come together and celebrate this festival of freedom with great pomp and show. Please share your suggestions and feedback with us at [email protected] Happy reading! Regards Gouravjeet Singh Ubhi Lead Editor, NACHA
About NACHA The North America Chhattisgarh Association (NACHA) is a 501C3 approved non-profit organization formed with the objective of connecting people from Chhattisgarh who live in different parts of the world and helping to shape the Chhattisgarh community in and outside Chhattisgarh, India. The global extension of NACHA for other North American countries is called the NRI Association of North America (NACHA). NACHA was established in February 2017 in Chicago and has since grown to more than 3000 members (as of Dec 2022). It currently operates in the United States of America, Canada, Australia, the UK, UAE, Nordic Countries, Singapore, and Germany, with plans for further expansion in more countries in East Asia and Europe in 2023-24. Our mission is to cultivate, promote, and foster the exchange of ideas and understanding about Chhattisgarhi culture among people from Chhattisgarh. Through NACHA, we want to preserve and promote the Chhattisgarhi language, literature, and culture, and to act upon charitable causes directly concerning the welfare of the Chhattisgarhi community living throughout the world. We aim to identify and address the social, cultural, and educational needs of the North American Chhattisgarhi community and Chhattisgarhi people in general. NACHA is a new yet structured organization with 12 Board of Directors, 14 Executive Members, 8 Advisors, and individual Chapter Leads. Members are connected through Facebook, WhatsApp groups, and the website (www.cgnacha.com) across all major regions of the United States and Canada. NACHA offers six types of memberships to its members: Beneficiary Family, Beneficiary Single, Regular Family, Regular Single, Senior (free), and Student membership (free) (https://www.cgnacha.com/ membership-benefits.php). NACHA currently has 11 official chapters (Illinois, New Jersey/New York, Toronto, Canada, California, Florida, Australia, Seattle, UAE, Texas, and Michigan) with at least 20+ registered members in each chapter. In the past, NACHA has organized various events and gatherings across North America on various occasions. Some of the major events hosted by us include our first and second International NRI Convention, Parents Meet, CM sang NACHA, Grand Virtual Foundation Day Celebration, Teej celebration, Spelling Bee competition for school kids, participation in India Day parade, and other events like Holi, Diwali, summer picnic, New Year, etc. NACHA is also actively engaged in various philanthropic activities in Chhattisgarh. NACHA has done excellent work during COVID-19 to support India, to support students stuck in Ukraine, started a scholarship program ‘UDAAN’ for higher education, started project Sakhi for women empowerment, and started project ‘Chhattiskosh’ to promote Chhattisgarhi Language. Going forward, we aim to bring together every person from Chhattisgarh living abroad in the form of a group that is willing to give back to the state where we come from and are proud to be a part of.
TABLE OF CONTENTs About NACHA ........................................................................................................................................02 Message from NACHA President ...................................................................................................05 Message from NACHA Founder & Media Lead ..........................................................................06 Message from General Secretary ...................................................................................................07 Board of Directors........................................................................................................................................08 Executive Committee ............................................................................................................................ 09 Advisors & Regional executives ...................................................................................................10 Chapter Executive Committee ...............................................................................................................14 NACHA Wing Initiatives ...........................................................................................................................15 NACHA Women Wing ...............................................................................................................15 NACHA International Wing ...................................................................................................15 UDAAN- College scholarship program ..........................................................................16 NACHA Chhattiskosh ...............................................................................................................17 Azadi ka Amritmahotsav Articles ..................................................................................................18 Amrit Mahotsav: A Celebration of India’s Freedom .................................................18 Amrit Mahotsav: Lok/khurk ds uhao ......................................................................................19 Sonia Tamrakar ...........................................................................................................................43 Tanuja Keshkar ...........................................................................................................................45 Implementation of Blockchain in agriculture to Empower the Farmers. ........................46 Glimpse of NACHA chapter Events .................................................................................................48 Indian Embassy/Consulate reception ..................................................................................................53 Achievement Awards ...........................................................................................................................56 Know your members ..........................................................................................................................57 NACHA member achievement: ..............................................................................................................58 NACHA Young Stars ...........................................................................................................................59 Kalam Se ...................................................................................................................................................60 A Trip to Chhattisgarh ..........................................................................................................................61 NACHA Sponsor page .........................................................................................................................63 NACHA editorial team .........................................................................................................................65 4 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
Message from NACHA President gej if=dk Vhe y xkM+k xkM+k c/kkbZ lCcks Vhe ds lnL; eu gk vrhd egkekjh tSls dfBu le; e ljkguh; dke djs gkosA mÙkjh vesfjdk] flaxkiqj] ;wjksi] ;wds, ;w,bZ vkSj v‚LVªsfy;k ds lCcks vf/kdkjh vkSj Lo;alsod eu g egkekjh ds le; esa gej lewg cj dbZ vPNk dk;ZØe vk;kstu djs gS vksdj cj /kU;oknA gej ,lksfl,'ku g fo'o Lrj esa cgqr lkjk jpukRed dke djs gS Hkkjrh; leqnk; eu lu yxkrkj tqM+ds dke djr guA eksyk ;g crkr vCcM+ [kq'kh gksor gS fd gej lax vc Hkkjr ds lcks egkokf.kT;nwrksa] jktnwr] dbZ çeq[k vesfjdh jktusrkvksa vkSj leqnk; ds usrkvksa ls tqM+ xsgu tsgk xoZ ds fo"k; gkosA 5 o"kksZ esa gej ukpk g vc dksbZ Hkh fodV fLFkfr esa Hkh lg;ksx cj rS;kj [kM+s gSA NÙkhlx<+ ds ckgj fons'k e fnokyh] NÙkhlx<+ LFkkiuk fnol] xzh"edkyhu fidfud gksyh] vm dbZ 'kgjksa vm ns'kksa esa gej lewg cj rht R;ksgkj ukpk ds }kjk euk; tkFks vm varjkZ"Vªh; Lisfyax ch Hkh ukpk g /kwe/kke ls eukghA i<S¸;k ybdk eu cj f'k{kk Nk=o`fÙk *mM+ku* g vPNk lkfcr gks; gS tsgk fo|kFkhZ cj [kq'kh okyk ckr gSA lej dSai ds Hkh vk;kstu ukpk ds rjQ ls gksor gSA vHkh gky esa ,d djksM+ #i;k ds fpfdRlk midj.k ljdkjh vLirky esa nku fn, xsgs rkfd NÙkhlx<+ ds ejht eu y LokLF; ykHk fey ldsA NÙkhlx<+h Hkk"kk cj varjjk"Vªh; Lrj esa geu g fo'ks"k çkstsDV ds rgr dke djr guA gej lCcks lnL; eu g fnu jkr vCcM+ esgur djs gSA eksyk ;s crkr cgqr [k'kh gksor gS fd jkT; vyadj.k lekjksg esa çHkk"kh Hkkjrh; NÙkhlx<+ lEeku 2022 fn, xsgsA ukpk ds lCcks lnL; eu g c/kkbZ ds ik= gjs D;ksfd lewg esa feydj dke djs gkosA ;wØsu esa Qals Hkkjrh; Nk= eu cj ukpk g gjlaHko enn djs gSA varjkZ"Vªh; ea=ky; vm NÙkhlx<+ ljdkj ds lkFk feydj gjsd xfrfof/k;ksa esa geu dke djs guA vm vkxs Hkh djr jcksA vesfjdk ds 'kgj esa NÙkhlx<+ egksRlo ds rS;kjh iwjk gks x, jfgls ysfdu ,su oä e ohtk gk ubZ fey ikbl ;s otg ls dk;ZØe y jí djuk iMhlsA ysfdu geu g 2023 esa dk;ZØe cj vHkh ls :ijs[kk cuk ysguA gej laL—fr vkSj xksB ckuh y fons'k e cxjk; cj dksf'k'k pyr gSA gej vlyh rkdr NÙkhlx< ds tEeks HkkbZ cgu eu gjs lCcks >u y vCcM+ I;kj vm /kU;oknA eksyk fo'okl gS fd 2023 esa ukpk gk fo'o Lrj esa NÙkhlx<+h y ysdj cgqr vPNk dke djghA NÙkhlx<+ ls ckgj jgob;k çoklh Hkkjrh; eu y vuqjks/k gS fd T;knk ls T;knk la[;k esa ukpk lax tqM+ds lCcks rjQ NÙkhlxf<+;k lcys cf<+;k ds ukjk gk lc rjQ xwats rkfd çns'k ds [kq'kgkyh cj uok uok ;kstuk esa dke dj lduA Jai Chhattisgarh, Jai Bharat Ganesh Kar Executive President [email protected]/ [email protected] HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 5
Message from NACHA Founder & Media Lead fç; lkFkh ukpk lnL;] t; tksgkj! t; NÙkhlx<+! NÙkhlx<+ egrkjh ds —ik ls lCcks lkFkh eu ds vPNk LoLF; ds dkeuk djFkks---gej ukpk if=dk ds ^gekj if=dk^ ds 9osa laLdj.k ds fy, ukpk Vhe y c/kkbZA ;s lky geu fons'k esa jgob;k NÙkhlxf<+;k eu y tksM+s ds ç;kl djs gu A gej Vhe ds lCcks lnL; ds esgur ds ifj.kke gjs dh varjjk"Vªh; Lrj esa u;k igpku fefyl gSA 2022 esa geu g ,dtqV gksds NÙkhlx<+ ds iqufuZekZ.k esa yxs jsguAukpk g miyfC/k çkIr djs gS tses eq[; #i ls ;g crkr xoZ yxr gS fd ukpk y The Golden Award community service. The award was presented by USA Senior Congressman Danny K Davis, Congressman Jonathan Jackson, Oswego Mayor Troy Parlier and Indian Community leaders at GSA EXPO @75 Chicago, American. ;s iqjLdkj g feys gkosA ukpk ifjokj y xkM+k xkM+k c/kkbZ lCcks >u ds vFkd esgur ds ifj.kke feys gSA ukpk ds nwljk ,uvkjvkbZ varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu 3 tqykbZ] lSu ÝkaflLdks esa vk;ksftr fd;s tkfgA ukpk efgyk foax NÙkhlx<+ dh efgyk 'kfä ine~ Jh Qqycklu ;kno ds lewg y vkfFkZd lg;ksx ds chM+k mBkgsA ukpk ds f'kdkxks] dSfyQksfuZ;k] fef'kxu] Msuoj esa gksyh dk;ZØe eukblA dSfyQksfuZ;k] v‚fLVu] Msuoj] f'kdkxks] dukMk] ,y,] dSfyQksfuZ;k] U;w;‚dZ] U;w tlhZ] nqcbZ] v‚LVªsfy;k] fl,Vy] ¶yksfjMk esa fidfud vm vksdj ckn fnokyh frgkj y /kwe/kke ls lc feytqy ds euk; guA ukpk g NÙkhlx<+h jkT;Hkk"kk fnol 2022 y vCcM+ /kwe/kke ls eukbl gs tses opqZvy dk;ZØe j[ks fxlAeq[; :i ls oäk ds :i esa in~eJh M‚- lqjsaæ nqcs th ¼NÙkhlx<+ ds iwoZ lfpo] jkT; Hkk"kk vk;ksx/varjkZ"Vªh; gkL; dfo½] M‚- fprjatu dkj th ¼iwoZ çksQslj vkSj gsM] Ldwy v‚Q LVMht bu fyVjspj ,aM ySaXost] Mhu] QSdYVh v‚Q vkVZ] ia- jfo'kadj 'kqDy ;wfuoflZVh jk;iqj½] Jh uhjt 'kekZ th ¼tujy bysfDVªd] v‚LVªsfy;k chvkbZVh&1994½] Jh egsaæ paækdj th ¼yqesu VsDuksy‚tht] ;w,l, / vkbZvkbZVh [kM+xiqj &1994½ 'kkfey jfglsA f'kdkxks] dukMk] fef'kxu vkSj dSfyQksfuZ;k esa bafM;k Ms ijsM esa ukpk g NÙkhlx<+ ds psgjk cuds fons'k esa [;kfr cxjblA f'kdkxks dSfyQksfuZ;k vkSj fef'kxu esa rhtk frgkj y /kwe/kke ls eukblA ukpk f'kdkxks Vhe us ^^QhM ekbZ LVkfoaZx fpYMªsu^^ cj QwM iSfdax ds lsok 'kq: djs gS rkfd ybdk eu ds eqLdku g cus jgsA 20 cM+s c‚Dl esa iSdst djds j[ks jsgsu tses 1 isVh esa 36 ladqy gksFksA ukpk mM+ku NÙkhlx<+ vm l[kh g lq??kj :i ls pyr gSA ukpk ds lCcks lnL; eu g f'kdkxks] fef'kxu] Msuoj vkSj varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij NÙkhlx<+ ikjaifjd R;ksgkj ^^cksj Hkklh^^ frgkj eukblA ukpk Lisfyax ch cPpks vm ekrk&firk ds chp ilUn fd;s tkFksA ukpk ds lCcks lnL; eu gh ukpk ds vlyh rkdr gjs lq[k nq[k esa lCcks >u g feytqy ds [kM+s jfgls rkfd dksbZ Hkh lnL; y ijs'kkuh u gks;A ukpk ifjokj y etcwrh ns [kkfrj bfyuksbl pkSIVj y xkM+k xkM+k c/kkbZA,drk ds vblu mnkgj.k is'k djs gs tsyk ges'kk ;kn fd;s tghA ukpk ds efgyk foax g Hkh c/kkbZ ds ik= gjs ,d efgyk ds lg;ksx vm leFkZu cj efgyk fnol ds lCcks dk;ZØe y jí dj fnlA;s iy g xoZ eglwl djkFks dh geu lkFk es cM+s ls cM+s dfBu iy ls fot; çkIr dj ldFkuA Hkfo"; y ns[kr gq, ukpk ds j.kuhfr NÙkhlx<+ ds cgqeq[kh fodkl cj dsafær gkosA;wjksi vm ,f'k;k esa ukpk ds ;kstuk g [kq'kh ds {k.k y c<+k nsFksA2023 esa NksVs cPpksa vkSj cM+s nksuks ds çfrHkk dyk y rjk'ks cj ukpk g ladfYir gkosANÙkhlx<+ leqnk; y fofHkUu çdkj ds jpukRed ykHk ls tksM+s tkfg tses volj gh volj gSA eSa lCcks >u ls fuosnu djr gks fd viu nksLr vm fj'rsnkj ds chp es ukpk ds ckjs esa xksfB;k; ds t:jr gs rkfd tseu g tqM+s ugh gS oks tYn ls tYn ukpk ifjokj ds fgLlk cu ldsaA,d dM+h ls nwljk dM+h etcwrh ds lkFk tqM+ds NÙkhlx<+ egrkjh ds uke y fo'o es jks'ku djcksA,d ckj fQj ls ukpk ds lCcks esgur djS;k lkFkh tseu fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls dke djr gS lc y /kU;oknAvkus okys le; es csgrj dk;Z y ysds ukpk cnyko ds lk{kh cughA /kU;okn nhikyh ljkoxh laLFkkid ukpk v/;{k & f'kdkxks pSIVj 6 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
Message from NACHA Secretary Dear Fellow NACHA Members and Readers, The past year and a half has shown me how fortunate I am to know you and other NACHA members. Even in the darkest days of the pandemic, you stuck together, supported each other, and made tough times easier. Most importantly, I want to thank each and every one of you. You are the reason we do what we do. You inspire us, encourage us, and give us purpose. Thank you for your faith in us as we walk these uncertain paths together. The year 2022 started with a hope that vaccination would be the light at the end of the tunnel. However, the second wave of the COVID pandemic in India put our resilience to the test, and our families and loved ones were impacted. It is in such hard times that a community has a chance to show its character and give strength to each other. I am glad NACHA stood up in such tough times. Through NACHA SOS or various giveback programs like mask and oximeter donation or contribution to CM Relief Fund, all we were trying to do is reduce the panic, uncertainty, and dearth. This is what community is for. We started the Parents Wing, and parents supported other parents. To me, this is the true value of a community. Friends, while I can assure you that we have your back and we will be there when you need us, I want to know if you are with us. If you are thinking, "What can you do?" There are plenty of ways. You can be a registered member, and your social dollar helps us support the community. You could volunteer in activities like Summer Camp, Spelling Bee, and share your knowledge. You could volunteer in the upcoming events like Convention 2023, CG Foundation Day, and help create a brand name for us. You could be our local advocates who spread the word. Support your fellow members, your Chapter President/Leads, be active in the group, and share your ideas to attain more. Strong hands build strong communities, and strong communities make a stronger nation. Let us charge forward with the hope of better days to come. Let us also not lose sight of the many blessings we have been given. Keep the faith and hold tight to that bold and unshakeable resilience. Let us hope we will meet the challenges every day with ingenuity, compassion, fortitude, and integrity. I am incredibly grateful to be associated with NACHA and can assure you that the best of NACHA is yet to come. Stay safe and stay connected. Sincerely, Sonal Agrawal General Secretary/Board of Director HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 7
Board of Directors Ganesh Kar (Executive President) Deepali Saraogi (Founder/IL Chapter President) Sonal Agrawal (General Secretary) Shatrughan Bareth (Executive Vice President) Nitin Vishwakarma (Treasury) Vivek Choubey (NY/NJ Chapter President) Pankaj Agrawal (Canada Chapter President) Dileep Tiwari (Michigan Chapter President) Rahul Agrawal (Texas Chapter President) Neel Joseph (California Chapter President) Namita Khandelwal (Washington Chapter President) Amit Upadhyay (UAE President) Dipti Keshri (Australia President) Ashok Upadhyay (Advisor) 8 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
Executive Committee Ganesh Kar (Executive President) Deepali Saraogi (Founder/Media Lead) Sonal Agrawal (General Secretary) Pankaj Agrawal (Executive Vice President) Shatrughan Bareth (Executive Vice President) Nitin Vishwakarma (Treasury) Tijendra Kumar (Executive Vice President) Aman Tiwari (Joint Treasury/DC Lead) Nirmal Kumar (Joint Secretary) Minal Mishra (Executive Vice President) Shashi Sahu (Joint Secretary) Vivek Dubey (NC/ SC Lead) Vikrant Sahoo (Minnesota Lead) Kshitij Chandrakar New England (CT/MA/NH) Eshwin Sukhdev (Singapore Lead) Arvind Sahu (UK Lead) Arun Mishra (Atlanta Lead)) Navneet Pandey (Nordic Lead) Vasu Pandey (Students Wing) Pooja Mahato (Women's Wing) HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 9
advisors & Regional executives Papihaa Nandy (Advisor) Govind Agrawal (Advisor) Chandrakant Patel (Advisor) Satyapal Singh Chhabra (Advisor) Vasant Naik (Advisor) Harsh Bais (Advisor) Ashok Upadhyay (Advisor) Jyoti Pola (Colorado) Ankur Gupta (Colorado) Abhijat Mishra (Colorado) Mahendra Chandrakar (Colorado) Abhilasha Upadhyay (Colorado) Jyotsana Sahu (Colorado) Aditya V (Illinois) Vandana Dadsena (Illinois) Sonu Joshi (Illinois) Ragini Sahu (Illinois) Shishir Tiwari (Illinois) Atul Patel (Illinois) Sudhindra Shukla (Illinois) Kiran Patel (Illinois) Khushbu Bansal (Illinois) Munish Kaistha (Illinois) Namita Kaistha (Illinois) Sarita Sahu (Illinois) 10 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
Shobha Denduluri (Michigan) Shashikant Patel (Michigan) Raji Balaji (Michigan) Amar Shirke (Michigan) Vyanjana Dewangan (Michigan) Murty Paturi (Michigan) Ankit Gupta (Michigan) Harshal Agrawal (Michigan) Chandrasekhar Annavarapu (Michigan) Bhargav Tripathi (California) Ravi Dua (California) Abhishek Sahu (California) Gunjan Rao (California) Gouravjeet Singh (California) Yash Vardhan Tiwari (California) Gaurav Agrawal (California) Saurabh Mishra (California) Avinash Dewangan (Canada) Jayshree Singh (Canada) Pooja Murarka (Canada) Devnarayan Sahu (Canada) Bunty Banwait (Canada) Ranjit Mandal (Canada) Dheeraj Agarwal (Washington ) Kanu Bajpai (Washington) HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 11
Jaspreet Kaur (Washington) Shilpi Saxena (Washington) Vikram Jangde (Texas) Himanshu Thawait (Texas) Ashish Agrawal (Texas) Ruchi Vishwakarma (Texas) Geetanjali Banerjee (Texas) Pranjal Kesharwani (Texas) Ruhi Updadhyay (New York / New Jersey) Abhishek Agrawal (New York / New Jersey) Abhishek Tiwari (New York / New Jersey) Dolly Sharma (New York / New Jersey) Adarsh Kesharwani (Australia) Neeraj Sharma (Australia) Arvind Keshri (Australia) Ankita Varma (Australia) Pyarelal Sahu (Australia) Kshitij Shukla (Australia) Juhi Shukla (Singapore) Dhalendra Chandrawanshi (Florida) Sneha Toor (Australia) Saurabh Gupta (Australia) Praveen Raj Khalkho (Florida) Shesh Narayan Vaishnav (Florida) Gati Sharma (Florida) 12 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
Abir Roy (Florida) Dr. Neha Tiwari (Florida) Tomman Lal Sahu (UAE) Sushil Keshkar (UAE) Tanuja Keshkar (UAE) Amrita Thakur (UAE) Heena Sharma (UAE) Sijo Thomas (UAE) Pramod Rao Gaikwad (UAE) Pallavi Upadhyay (UAE) HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 13
Chapter Executive Committee UAE It has been an incredible journey for me as the UAE Chapter Vice-President of NACHA, The North America Chhattisgarh Association / NRI Association of Chhattisgarh. My mission has been to bring together and unify the Chhattisgarhia people in Dubai, UAE. For many years, the Chhattisgarh community was scattered across the globe, and our goal was to create a strong community that shared a common heritage and culture. After countless hours of hard work, we have finally been able to bring this dream to fruition. NACHA is a unique organization that is dedicated to supporting and nurturing the Chhattisgarh people. We are committed to providing a platform for them to stay connected and engage in a variety of cultural activities. This is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the cultural, educational, and economic welfare of Chhattisgarhi immigrants and their descendants in the United States and Canada. Founded in 2007, Founder members Deepali Saraogi, Ganesh Kar, Tijendra Sahu, and Shatrughan Bareth. NACHA works to foster understanding and appreciation of the Chhattisgarhi culture and traditions among its members, the broader Chhattisgarhi diaspora, and the general public. NACHA also provides support for its members in areas such as community development, health, and wellness, education, employment, and civic engagement. We have regular meetings, workshops, and events that help to strengthen the bond between our members and keep them updated on the latest news and developments within the Chhattisgarh community. As the UAE Chapter Vice-President, it has been an honor and a privilege to lead the organization and ensure that it is successful. My team and I have worked tirelessly to ensure that NACHA is a welcoming and inclusive organization that celebrates and respects the diversity of our members. We have also worked hard to ensure that NACHA is a positive force in the community, and we have partnered with local organizations to provide our members with the resources and support that they need. We are proud to have made a lasting impact on the Chhattisgarh community, and we look forward to continuing our work in the future. It has been an amazing experience to be part of the NACHA team, and I am proud to say that I have been a part of this incredible journey. I am proud of the progress that we have made and am confident that we will continue to thrive and grow in the years to come. Damesh Manikpuri (NACHA UAE | Vice-President) https://cgnacha.com/ https://www.facebook.com/CGNACHA/ https://twitter.com/nacha_cg SEATTLE Seattle Chapter Report 2022 Seattle chapter has more than 75 active members. Many activities are organized under leadership of Smt. Namita Khandelwal every year. The summer picnic in July 2022 included banana-celebrity game, cricket match, menhdi coloring, family photoshoot, dance , music and of course the potluck featuring traditional delicacies from Chhattisgarh. Everyone from kids to parents and grand parents enthusiastically participated in the picnic. Diwali was another notable event which attracted record 60+ members in November. The gathering was kicked off with Lakshmi puja followed by mesmerizing dances, melodious singing and TikTok recordings. The event was concluded with catered delicious food. Apart from these in-person events, the chapter WhatsApp group is very lively community where members help each other with questions related to immigration, employment, travel, health and many other topics. The members feel blessed to be part of such a friendly and helpful CG community. 14 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
NACHA Women Wing : NACHA's Women Wing is a social platform that virtually connects women from NACHA with the motto of "Togetherness knows no bounds". This group conducts virtual gatherings to provide support and inspiration to its members. Deepali Saraogi oversees the overall operations of the group, while the key position holders in this wing are as follows: • For initiatives related to the USA: Shobha Denduluri/Monika Agwani • For initiatives related to India: Vrinda Chouksey/Anamika Mishra • For cultural activities: Minal Mishra/Gunjan Rao • For domestic violence/legal assistance: Rajshree Mudaliar/Uma Joshi • For Visa/immigration: Sonal Agrawal/Vibhashree Sahu • For job-related assistance: Nandita Sayam/Yamini Thakur Currently, NACHA's Women Wing has 150 members from the USA, Canada, and Australia. Recently, the group organized an initiative to distribute 5000 masks in Chhattisgarh to AIIMS Raipur and Tatibandh Police Station, Raipur. Additionally, the group organizes virtual meets every Sunday for fun activities like tambola and antakshari, as well as knowledge-sharing sessions and webinars. NACHA International Wing: NIW is a branch of NACHA that comprises a team of seasoned entrepreneurs who have established and managed successful businesses in the USA and India over the years. The primary objective of NIW is to provide guidance and assistance to aspiring entrepreneurs who wish to launch new businesses. They help in creating a business plan, connecting with industry experts, and providing help on financial, IT, legal, and tax matters to enable the smooth functioning of the business. NIW also plays a crucial role in mentoring new entrepreneurs by devising effective strategies to transform business ideas into successful enterprises. Additionally, NIW acts as a bridge between NRI entrepreneurs and the Chhattisgarh Government, offering assistance to those who wish to set up businesses in the state. The team collaborates closely with the CG government to establish industries in Chhattisgarh and to make use of the various promotional offers and incentives offered by the government. Leading the group are Dileep Tiwari (MI), Rahul Agrawal (TX), Nitin Vishwakarma (IL), and Richa Jethwa (NY). NACHA Student Wing Motto: To provide an orchestrated platform to all current and incoming students from Chhattisgarh for their career growth and development Team: Vasu Pandey, Ritesh Jagatramka Advisors: Dr. Harsh Bais, Mr. Dileep Tiwari NACHA Student wing was created a few years ago to provide a unified platform for current and incoming students from Chhattisgarh who want to pursue a career in the US. It is open to all students from different study backgrounds who are willing to study for their Bachelors or Masters program in the US. We are involved in the welfare and career development of students in numerous ways. Here are the few highlights: Guide students in registering and taking appropriate entrance exams: GRE, TOEFL, IELTS etc. Facilitate shortlisting of different universities and programs they want to apply Review and enhance their resume, cover letters and SOPs Coach them with effective and efficient networking and job search techniques Connect them with industry leaders and professionals of respective fields through LinkedIn Counsel students with their transition phase and adapt to altogether different culture and environment We host sessions and webinars to connect them with professionals from both academic and corporate industry. We received great feedback from students and we would continue to invite more dignitaries and guest speakers for counseling and motivating students. We have made some significant strides in the past and we are looking forward to a successful 2023. Regards, Vasu Pandey NACHA Wing Initiatives HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 15
Udaan - college Scholarship program yksx dgrs gS] ftruh pknj] mruh iSj QSykvks] vius lius dks fiatjs esa Mkyks] mUgsa uk mM+kvks] ;s dksf'k'k gS gekjh] mu liuks dks] mudh igpku nsus dh] Hkwys gq,] ncs gq,] liuks dks] u;h mM+ku nsus dh !! & <kysUæ paæoa'kh UDAAN – The North America Chhattisgarh Association (NACHA) offers a scholarship program to undergraduate students entering fields such as engineering, medicine, or any other qualified field for a degree or diploma based on merit and financial need. The scholarship candidates are shortlisted based on their applications and are called for an interview, along with their parents, for final selection. Earlier this year, when we launched UDAAN, our college sponsorship program for academically bright and financially challenged students in Chhattisgarh, the idea was simple: paying it forward. We wanted to invest in a better future and help others avoid the challenges that we had faced. In the 2022-2023 academic year, NACHA sponsored one student under its UDAAN Scholarship program. This student will receive support from NACHA for the entire duration of their studies, which is four years. About Finalized Students: Pushplata Sahu is from the village of Dhour (Jamul) in the district of Durg, in the state of Chhattisgarh. Her family comes from a farming background, and she has achieved excellent academic scores, with 95% in 10th grade and 85% in 12th grade. With the support of the NACHA UDAAN Scholarship, Pushplata will pursue a Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science (Data Science) at the Bhilai Institute of Technology (Autonomous) in Durg, Chhattisgarh. Sponsors: NACHA accepts six different types of sponsorships to support UDAAN and is proud to share that two of our NACHA members, Ms. Namita Kaistha and Mr. Munish Kaistha, who are from Raipur and now residing in Chicago, have decided to go for the highest level of sponsorship (Diamond Sponsorship, naming rights) to support the student. NACHA applauds their support in shaping the careers of these bright students. NACHA UDAAN is thankful for all our sponsors who are helping students achieve their dreams. This would not have been possible without your support. NACHA UDAAN Team: We are thankful to our NACHA UDAAN team: Monika Agwani, Shatrughan Bareth, Jyoti Pola, and Ankur Gupta Chhattiskosh - Chhattisgarhi translation service NACHA is embarking on a major initiative, called 'Chhattiskosh', which involves the creation of a Chhattisgarhi translation service that will be available through both a website and mobile application in any international language. The main objectives of the project are to: • Boost the profile of the Chhattisgarhi language on the global stage • Provide assistance to the approximately 3 crore people who live in or outside of Chhattisgarh and struggle due to their lack of proficiency in any other language besides Chhattisgarhi • Advocate for Chhattisgarhi to be added to the 8th schedule of the Indian Constitution (currently there are 22 languages included) • Establish 'Digitalization for Chhattisgarhi' in order to meet global standards • Launch a Global Chhattisgarhi dictionary that will contain roughly 170000 Chhattisgarhi words which can be translated into any international language using the Chhattiskosh website or app. 16 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
Some examples: English Term Hindi Term Chhattisgarhi Term Use in a sentence Thumb v¡xwBk v¡xBk dye y v¡xjh vm v¡xBk e /kjA Finger m¡xyh v¡xBh gej gkFk e i¡kp v¡xBh gksFksA Ember vaxkjk vaxjk vaxjk ds lsds jksVh y vaxkdj dFksA Wipe iksaNuk vaxksNuk ugk; ds ckn ljhj y cus vaxksNuk pkghA Thick Bread pkoy dh eksVh jksVh vaxkdj jksVh pamj ds vaxkdj jksVh cukcs rks oksA The Extreme Part Of A Saree vk¡py vapjk eksj nkbZ g v¡pjk e iblk xfB;k; gsA Light çdk'k vatksj fnu ds vatksj e jík >u Hkwykgw¡A Moonlight pk¡nuh jkr vatksjh jkr geu y vatksjh jkr e pys e etk vblA Castor Oil vj.Mh rsy v.Mh rsy v.Mh rsy ekfyl cj vPNk gksFksA Here And There b/kj&m/kj vars&rars leku y vars&rars j[k ns gl dgk¡ ys feyghA Rubbish Talk cdokl vars&rars vars&rars >u xksfB;kA Blind va/kk va/kjk va/kjk eu czsy fyfi ys i<+ fy[k ldFksA Darkness va/ksjk vaf/k;kj vaf/k;kj e dqNq ubZ fn[k;A HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 17
Amrit Mahotsav: A Celebration of India’s Freedom Every year, on 15th August, India celebrates its Independence Day with much pomp and show to commemorate the nation’s freedom from British rule. This year marks the 75th anniversary of India's independence, and to honor this historic occasion, the Government of India is organizing the Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, a nationwide celebration of India's freedom. The official celebration of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav began on 12th March 2021, marking the start of a 75-week countdown to our 75th Independence Day, which will conclude on 15th August 2023. This 15-month-long series of events will feature a variety of activities, including seminars, film festivals, plays, concerts, and other events held across the country, to help citizens understand the history and culture of India and relive the spirit of the freedom struggle. The celebration will also include several digital initiatives, such as a virtual museum, which will educate people about the pre and post-independence era. The government will also launch the 'Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan' program to celebrate the contribution of the country’s armed forces and farmers in the freedom struggle. In addition, the Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav will feature a series of competitions and awards, including awards for excellence in literature, art, music, and sports. The winners of these awards will be honored at a special award ceremony. The Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav is an important event in India’s history, and it is an opportunity for all citizens to show their patriotism and celebrate the spirit of freedom. It is a reminder of India's fight for freedom and the sacrifices made by the country’s brave freedom fighters. The government has already started preparations for the celebrations and is encouraging people to participate in the event and be a part of this historic occasion. So, join the nation in celebrating the 75th anniversary of India’s freedom and relive the spirit of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav! Damesh Manikpuri NACHA UAE | Vice President Azadi ka Amritmahotsav Articles 18 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
Amrit Mahotsav: Lok/khurk ds uhao &vk'kh"k flag vktknh ds ve`r egksRlo ds volj ij Hkkjr ekrk dks ijk/khurk dh csfM+;ksa ls eqä djkus ds fy, NÙkhlx<+ egrkjh ds larkuksa us vHkwriwoZ ;ksxnku fn;k gSA gesa xoZ gS vius LokraR;Z&fç; lsukfu;ksa ij ftUgksaus 1857 ls iwoZ gh fonsf'k;ksa dh lÙkk ds fojks/k esa l'kL= foæksg fd;k FkkA Hkkjr esa ^taxy lR;kxzg* dk vkjaHk rks 1930 esa gqvk exj gekjs NÙkhlx<+ esa ';keyky lkse ds usr`Ro esa 1922 esa gh taxy lR;kxzg vkjaHk gks x;k Fkk tks 1939 rd dgha u dgha pyrk gh jgkA gesa xoZ gksuk pkfg, fd ^ve`r egksRlo* ds volj dsaæh; xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; us ^vktknh ls vaR;ksn;* uked dk;ZØe ykxw fd;k ftlds rgr ns'k ds 90 ftyksa ds 75 Lora=rk laxzke lsukfu;ksa ds x`g xzkeksa dks fofHkUu fodkl dk;ksaZ ds fy, pquk x;k gSA muesa ls dkadsj ftys ls daxyw dqEgkj] /kerjh ls NksVsyky JhokLro vkSj jktukanxkao ftys ls Bkdqj I;kjsyky flag dk p;u fd;k x;k gSA 1857 ls igys NÙkhlx<+ esa 10 vkfnoklh vkanksyu gq, Fks&gYck foæksg&1774&1779] HkksikyiVue dk la?k"kZ&1795] ijydksV foæksg&1825] rkjkiqj foæksg&1842&54] esfj;k foæksg&1842&63] lksuk[kku dk foæksg&1856&57] dksbZ foæksg&1859] eqfj;k foæksg&1876] jkuh pksfjl dk foæksg&1878&82 vkSj Hkwedky foæksg&1910A ;gka flQZ mu gh Lok/khurk laxzke lsukfu;ksa dk mYys[k fd;k tk jgk] ftUgksaus 1920 ds vlg;ksx vkanksyu ls ysdj 1942 ds Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu esa lgHkkfxrk nh FkhA 1942 ds lsukfu;ksa dk lekos'k ;fn ;gka dj fy;k tk, rks iwjk ,d xzaFk gh rS;kj gks tk,xkA lHkh Lok/khurk ohjksa ds iquhr Le`fr;ksa dks ueuA vktknh dk ve`r egksRlo vkSj NÙkhlx<+ ds lsukuh NÙkhlx<+ ds fy, vR;ar çlUurk vkSj xoZ dk fo"k; gS fd vktknh ds ^ve`r egksRlo* ds varxZr Hkkjr 'kklu } kjk ^vktknh ls vaR;ksn; rd* dk;ZØe lapkfyr fd;k x;kA dsaæh; xzkeh.k fodkl ,oa iapk;r foHkkx us ns'k ds 75 Lok/khurk laxzke lsukfu;ksa dk p;u fd;k x;k] ftlesa NÙkhlx<+ ls Bkdqj I;kjsyky flag] NksVsyky JhokLro vkSj daxyw dqEgkj dk lekos'k fd;k x;k gSA daxyw dqEgkj daxyq dqEgkj dk tUe 26 fnlEcj 1865 dks psey vkekx<+ gqvk FkkA dkadsj ftys ds xksVwyeqaMk ds daxyw dqEgkj us yxku olwyh ds f[kykQ fdlkuksa dks laxfBr fd;kA os xksVwyeqaMk ds ekyxqtkj FksA * egkRek xka/kh fnlacj 1920 esa daMsy lR;kxzg ds flyflys esa /kerjh vk, rc daxyw dqEgkj in;k=k djrs gq, ogka igqapsA muds lkFk bn: dsoV o lq[knso ikrj Hkh FksA dgk tkrk gS fd egkRek xka/kh us mUgsa >aMk Hkh HksaV fd;k FkkA ml HksaV ls çsfjr daxyq dqEgkj us xkao&xkao esa >aMk pkSd LFkkfir fd;kA mUgksaus vaxzst gVkvks] dkaxzsl ykvks dk ukjk fn;kA os dbZ ckj tsy Hkh x, FksA ckcw NksVsyky JhokLro ckcw NksVsyky JhokLro dk tUe 28 Qjojh 1889 dks daMsy esa xqykc ckcw vkSj jsorhckbZ ds ?kj gqvk FkkA /kerjh esa mUgksaus fu/kZu vkSj vukFk cPpksa dks Lo;a ds O;; ls f'k{kk dk çca/kA 1915 esa ^JhokLro iqLrdky;* dh LFkkiukA ;qodksa ds fy, [ksy çfr;ksfxrkvksa dk vk;kstuA 1920 esa ^uwru lkoZtfud çkFkfed 'kkyk* dh LFkkiukA * NksVsyky JhokLro dks lokZf/kd [;kfr ^daMsy ugj lR;kxzg* ls feyhA 1920 esa flapkbZ foHkkx us fdlkuksa ij ugj ikuh ds vuqca/k ds fy, ncko Mkyk ftls fdlkuksa us vLohdkj dj fn;kA fdlkuksa ij ikuh pksjh djus dk vkjksi yxkdj lkewfgd :i ls 4050 #i, tqekZuk fd;k x;kA tqekZuk olwyh ds fy, i'kq dqdZ dj fy, x,A bl vU;k; ds fojks/k esa ckcw lkgc ds usr`Ro esa fdlkuksa us tqekZuk ugha iVkus dk HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 19
fu.kZ; fd;kA dqdZ i'kqvksa dh uhykeh vlQy jghA vkanksyu dks O;kid rFkk çHkko'kkyh cukus ds fy, usr`Ro xka/ khth dks lkSaius dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;kA 21 fnlacj 1920 dks xka/khth jk;iqj igqapsA exj mlls igys gh vf/kdkfj;ksa us ?kqVus Vsd fn,A * fnlacj 1920 esa vlg;ksx vkanksyu esa Nk=ksa us ljdkjh Ldwyksa dk R;kx dj fn;kA mu Nk=ksa ds fy, ckcw lkgc us /kerjh esa ^jk"Vªh; fo|ky;* dh LFkkiuk dhA 1921 ls 1924 rd jk"Vªh; fo|ky; dk lapkyu mUgksaus vius [kpZ ij fd;kA * 1921 esa mUgksaus [kknh mRiknu dsaæ dh LFkkiuk dhA bl dsaæ esa fujkfJrksa vkSj efgykvksa dks lwr dkrus dk çf'k{k.k fu%'kqYd fn;k tkrk Fkk vkSj muds Hkj.k&iks"k.k dh O;oLFkk Hkh ckcw lkgc gh djrs FksA NksVsykyth eghu lwr dh drkbZ djrs FksA muds dkrs gq, lwr ls cukbZ xbZ /kksrh dks jk;iqj dh [kknh çn'kZuh esa iqjL—r fd;k x;k FkkA * 1922 esa flgkok taxy lR;kxzg esa lfØ;A * 1925 esa laL—r ikB'kkyk vkSj 1935 esa vukFkky; dh LFkkiukA * 1930 esa :æh&uokxkao esa taxy lR;kxzgA 23 rkjh[k dks lR;kxzfg;ksa dk tRFkk :æh jokuk gqvkA iqfyl us ckcw lkgc dks fxj¶rkj dj jk;iqj tsy Hkst fn;k x;kA mUgsa ,d o"kZ dSn o 1000 #i, tqekZus dh ltk nh xbZA ?kj ds lkekuksa dks dqdZ dj tqekZuk olwy fd;k x;kA tsy esa mUgsa ^xqukg[kkus* esa Hkh j[kk x;kA * 1933 esa xka/khth us /kerjh dh lHkk esa taxy lR;kxzg dks ^nwljs ckjnksyh* dh laKk nh vkSj ia- lqanjyky 'kekZ] es?kkokys vkSj NksVsyky ckcw ds usr`Ro dh ç'kalk dhA * 1937 esa /kerjh uxj ikfydk fuxe ds v/;{k fuokZfprA * 1942 ds vkanksyu esa fxj¶rkj dj jk;iqj tsy esa Mky fn;k x;k] fQj ukxiqj tsy Hkst fn;k x;kA nsgkolku% 18 tqykbZ 1976A R;kxewfrZ Bkdqj I;kjsyky flag Bkdqj I;kjsyky flag dk tUe jktukanxkao ftys ds xzke lsejk nSgku esa 21 fnlEcj 1891 dks gqvkA firk Bkdqj nhun;ky flag rFkk ekrk ueZnk nsoh FkhaA f'k{kk jktukanxkao] jk;iqj] ukxiqj] tcyiqj vkSj bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky; lsA * 1905&06 esa Lons'kh oLrqvksa dk cfg"dkj vkanksyuA mlh o"kZ jktukanxkao ds Ldwyh Nk=ksa ds vkanksyu dk usr`RoA * 1909 esa jktukanxkao esa ^ljLorh iqLrdky;* dh LFkkiukA * 1914 esa jktukanxkao ds ^nhoku gVkvks vkanksyu* dk lQy usr`RoA * 1920] 1924 vkSj 1933 esa jktukanxkao ds diM+k fey etnwjksa dh gM+rky dk lQy usr`RoA 1920 ds Jfed vkanksyu ds ckn ukanxkao ls fu"dkflrA Bkdqj lkgc us fu.kZ; ds f[kykQ ukxiqj fLFkr xouZj dks i= fy[kkA muds rdksaZ ls lger gks dj xouZj us u flQZ mudk fu"dklu jí fd;k oju~ jktukanxkao ds iksfyfVdy ,tsaV ØkQMZ dks muls ekQh ekaxus dk vkns'k Hkh fn;kA * 1920 esa vlg;ksx vkanksyu ds nkSjku odkyr dk R;kxA ^jk"Vªh; fo|ky;* dh LFkkiukA nqxZ ftys esa vlg;ksx vkanksyu dk lapkyuA fxj¶rkjA * 1923 esa nqxZ ftys ls ukxiqj >aMk lR;kxzg dk lapkyuA * 1924 jktuknxkao uxj fuxe ds v/;{k] 1936] 1940 vkSj 1944 esa jk;iqj E;qfufliy desVh ds v/;{k fuokZfprA * 1924 ia- lqanjyky 'kekZ ds lkFk jk;iqj esa lrukeh vkJe dh LFkkiukA * 1930 esa fcykliqj esa ftyk jktuhfrd ifj"kn dh v/;{krkA * 1930 esa fdlku vkanksyu dk usr`RoA * 1930 esa fxj¶rkj] ?kj dk lkeku dqdZA 20 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
* 1932 dks jk;iqj esa fxj¶rkj] odkyr dh lun tCrA lun fczfV'k 'kklu us dHkh okil ugha dhA * 1933 esa egkdks'ky çkarh; dkaxzsl desVh ds ea=hA * 1933 esa jk;iqj ls fo/kkulHkk ds lnL; fuokZfprA * 1936 esa çns'k dkaxzsl desVh ds —"kd çdks"B ds la;kstdA * 1937 esa dqN fnuksa ds fy, [kjs eaf=e.My esa f'k{kk ea=hA * jk;iqj esa ^NÙkhlx<+ d‚yst* dh LFkkiuk ds fy, Bkdqj lkgc dh v/;{krk esa ^NÙkhlx<+ ,twds'ku lkslk;Vh* dh LFkkiukA muds ç;klksa ls jk;iqj ds nkÅ dkerk çlkn vxzoky us gtkjksa #i, dk nku fn;kA * 1942 esa jk;iqj esa ^Hkwfexr vkanksyu* dk lapkyuA * 1942 ds vkanksyu esa vk"Vh fpewj ds Økafrdkfj;ksa dks Qkalh dh ltk ls cpk;kA * NÙkhlx<+ esa vusdkusd dks&v‚ijsfVOg lkslk;fV;ksa dh LFkkiuk dj dqfVj m|ksx dks Lokoyach cukus dk vHkwriwoZ dk;ZA * 1946 esa NÙkhlx<+ ds ns'kh fj;klrksa ds Hkkjr la?k esa foy; ds fy, lQy vfHk;ku dk lapkyuA * 1952 esa jk;iqj ls fo/kk;d] ukxiqj fo/kku lHkk esa usrk çfri{kA * nsgkolku% 20 vDVwcj 1954 ^Hkw&nku* vfHk;ku ds nkSjku tcyiqj ds iklA fouksck Hkkos us mUgsa ^Hkw&nku* vkanksyu dk ^çFke 'kghn* ?kksf"kr fd;kA NÙkhlx<+ esa lu~ 1857 ds iwoZ vaxzstksa ds f[kykQ foæksg ljxqtk ds jktk vthr flag vkSj laxzke flag dh pqukSrh lu 1740 esa NÙkhlx<+ ij ukxiqj ds Hkkslyksa dk vf/kiR; LFkkfir x;kA jktuhfrd dkj.kksa ls lu~ 1818 esa NÙkhlx<+ dk ç'kklu ejkBksa us bZLV bafM;k daiuh dh lkSai fn;k x;kA ljxqtk ,slh fj;klr Fkh] tks dsoy okf"kZd dj vnk djrh FkhA lu~ 1792 esa ljxqtk ds jktk vthr flag us ljxqtk ls yxs bZLV bafM;k daiuh ds v/khu iykew ij vkØe.k dj cjos uked ijxus ij vf/kdkj dj fy;kA vftr flag dh e`R;q ds ckn mudh fo/kok jkuh ukckfyx iq= cyHkæ dks xíh ij cSBkdj 'kklu djus yxhaA mls vaxzstksa dk laj{k.k Hkh çkIr FkkA daiuh ds n[ky ls vftr flag ds HkkbZ laxzke flag ukjkt FksA mUgksaus jkuh dk o/k dj 'kklu vius gkFkksa esa ys fy;kA duZy tksUl lsuk ds lkFk ljxqtk vk /kedkA laxzke flag xksjh QkSt dk lkeuk ugha dj lds vkSj iyk;u dj x,A bZLV bafM;k daiuh us bl ckj cyHkæ ds ,d vU; HkkbZ txUukFk flag dks xíh lkSai nhA tksUl ds ykSVrs gh laxzke flag us iqu% vkØe.k dj ljxqtk dh xíh ij vf/kdkj dj fy;kA os 1813 rd Hkrhts cyHkæ ds uke ij 'kklu djrs jgsA vaxzst mldk dqN Hkh fcxkM+ ugha ldsA 1818% jkejk; dk foæksg lu~ 1818 esa lksuk[kku ds tehankj jkejk; ¼ukjk;.k flag ds firk½ us Hkh vaxzstksa ds f[kykQ foæksg dk >aMk mBk;k FkkA mUgksaus vaxzstksa lÙkk vkSj dkuwu dks ekuus ls badkj dj fn;k FkkA lksuk[kku vkSj mlds vklikl ds {ks= ij jkejk; dk xgjk çHkko FkkA jkejk; ds firk Qrsgukjk;.k Hkh cM+s ç[kj vkSj çHkko'kkyh O;fä FksA lksuk[kku dk tehnkj ifjokj viuh Lora=rk vkSj LokfHkeku ds çfr vR;ar laosnu'khy FkkA /ke/kk dk foæksg j?kqth r`rh; ds dky esa /ke/kk ijxuk esa xksM+ksa us ,d iqtkjh ds usr`Ro esa foæksg fd;k FkkA og foæksg bruk çcy Fkk fd mls dqpyus ds fy;s vaxzstksa dks jk;iqj ls iSny lsuk dh vk/kh daiuh vkSj ?kqM+lokjksa dks Hkstuk iM+k FkkA NÙkhlx<+ ds çFke 'kghn xSan flag Hkkjr esa Lora=rk laxzke dk vkjaHk 1857 ls ekuk tkrk gSA ijarq NÙkhlx<+ esa mlls igys Hkh bZLV bafM;k daiuh ds fo#) la?k"kZ gksus yxs FksA lu~ 1818 esa ukxiqj ds Hkksalys 'kklu rFkk bZLV bafM;k daiuh ds e/; laf/k gqbZ ftlds HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 21
vuqlkj NÙkhlx<+ ftlesa cLrj Hkh lfEefyr gS] dh 'kklu O;oLFkk daiuh dks lkSai nh xbZA djksa dh olwyh ds fy, 'kks"k.k vkSj neu dk nkSj py iM+kA Hkkslyksa dh l[rh ds dkj.k ouokfl;ksa esa vlarks"k dh vfXu lqyx gh jgh FkhA mldk foLQksV lu~ 1824 esa ijydksV ds tehankj xSan flag ds usr`Ro esa gqvk FkkA gtkjksa dh la[;k esa vcw>ekM+ ds ouoklh /kuq"k&ck.k vkSj Hkkyksa ls lqlfTtr gksdj vaxzst vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj ejkBk deZpkfj;ksa ij ?kkr yxkdj vkØe.k djus yxsA fons'kh lÙkk ds fojks/k esa LFkkuh; turk dk ;g Lok/khurk laxzke yxHkx ,d o"kZ rd pyrk jgkA var esa estj ,xU;w us pkank ls cM+h lsuk cqyokbZA 10 tuojh 1825 dks xSan flag dks fxj¶rkj dj fy;k x;kA 20 tuojh 1825 dks ijydksV ds egy ds lkeus xSan flag dks Qkalh ns nh xbZA ohj ukjk;.k flag 1856 esa NÙkhlx<+ esa Hkh"k.k vdky iM+k FkkA lksuk[kku ds tehnkj ukjk;.k flag dh çtk ds le{k Hkw[kksa ejus dh fLFkfr fufeZr gks xbZA rc mlus vius dksBkj ¼xksnke½ ls vukt yksxksa dks ckaV fn;k] ysfdu og enn vi;kZIr FkhA ukjk;.k flag us f'kojhukjk;.k ds O;kikjh ek[ku ls vukt dh ekax dhA mlus ukjk;.k flag dk vkxzg Bqdjk fn;kA ukjk;.k flag xzkeh.kksa vkSj fdlkuksa ds lkFk ek[ku ds xksnke igqaps vkSj mruk gh vukt xksnke ls fy;k ftruk vko';d FkkA cfYd mlus ^ck<+h* ¼dtZ ls Ms<+ xquk vf/kd ykSVkus dh 'krZ dks ck<+h dgrs gSaA½ nsuk Hkh Lohdkj fd;kA ukjk;.k flag us viuh bl dk;Zokgh dh lwpuk jk;iqj ds fMIVh dfe'uj bfy;V dks Hkh ns nhA ek[ku us Hkh bfy;V ls ekeys dh f'kdk;r dj nhA ukjk;.k flag dks fxj¶rkj djus dk vkns'k tkjh gks x;kA lacyiqj ekxZ ls 24 vDVwcj 1856 dks mUgsa fxj¶rkj dj jk;iqj tsy esa Mky fn;k x;kA ysfdu 28 vxLr 1857 dks lsa/k yxk dj ukjk;.k flag tsy ls fudyus esa dke;kc jgsA lksuk[kku igqap dj ukjk;.k flag us viuh lsuk rS;kj dj yhA ukjk;.k flag dk dkdk nsojh dk tehnkj egkjkt lk; fQjafx;ksa dk lg;ksxh FkkA 20 uoacj 1857 dks jk;iqj ls ysf¶VusaV fLeFk vkSj usfi;j QkSt ysdj lksuk[kku ds fy, dwp fd;kA 2 fnlacj 1857 dks bZLV bafM;k daiuh dh lsuk us d:ZikV dh igkM+h dks pkjksa vksj ls ?ksj fy;kA ukjk;.k flag ds ikl canwd vkSj dkjrwl de gh Fks] rhjksa ls vf/kd le; rd la?k"kZ djuk vlaHko FkkA blfy, ukjk;.k flag us vkRe leiZ.k dj fn;kA 10 fnlacj 1857 dks jk;iqj esa QkSt ds tujy ijsM ds lkeus ukjk;.k flag dks Qkalh ij yVdk fn;k x;kA jk;iqj lSfud Nkouh foæksg vkSj guqeku flag dk ijkØe 1857 esa jk;iqj esa vaxztksa dh QkSth Nkouh FkhA ukjk;.k flag dks tujy ijsM ds le; lSfudksa ds lkeus gh Qkalh nh xbZ FkhA mlds cfynku us jk;iqj ds lSfudksa esa vaxzsth 'kklu ds çfr vkØksf'kr FksA fczfV'k fjd‚MZ~l ds vuqlkj rhljh VqdM+h ds lktsaZV estj flMosy dh 18 tuojh 1858 dks 'kke 7 cts gR;k ls foIyo dk vkjaHk gqvkA esxthu y'dj guqeku flag jk;iqj lSU; Økafr ds tud FksA flMosy dk o/k dj guqeku flag vius nks lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk Nkouh ds lSfudksa dks Økafr esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, yydkjkA rksi[kkus ds lSfudksa us mldk lkFk fn;kA bl chp flMosy dh gR;k rFkk Nkouh esa lSU; foæksg dh lwpuk vaxzst vf/kdkfj;ksa dks fey xbZA ysf¶VusaV j‚V vkSj ysf¶VusaV lh- ,p- ywlh fLeFk us foæksg ij dkcw çkIr dj fy;kA guqeku flag ds lkFk ek= 17 lSfud gh Fks fdUrq os yxkrkj N% ?kaVksa rd yM+rs jgsA Økafr dks vlQy gksrk ns[k guqeku flag Qjkj gks x,A 'ks"k flikgh fxj¶rkj dj fy, x,A 22 tuojh 1858 dks Økafrdkjh 17 lSfudksa dks jk;iqj esa Qkalh ns nh xbZA 'kghnksa esa&xkth [kku] vCnqy g;kr] eYyw] f'koukjk;.k] iUukyky] erknhu] Bkdqj flag] cyh nqcs] yYyk flag] cq/nw flag] ijekuUn] 'kksHkkjke] nqxkZ çlkn] utj eksgEen] nsohnku vkSj t; xksfoUn 'kkfey FksA guqeku flag us 30 tuojh 1858 dks iqu% vaxzst vQljksa ij geyk djus dk ç;kl fd;k ij og foQy jgkA mlds ckn guqeku flag dk dHkh irk u pykA mu ij 500 #i, dk buke Hkh ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k FkkA yky dkysaæ flag cLrj ds jktk efgiky nso ds iq= nyxtu flag fj;klr ds nhoku FksA dkysaæ flag mUgha dh rjg ncax iq= FksA 22 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
firk dh e`R;q ds ckn os 1881 esa nhoku fu;qä gq,A blls vaxzst vf/kdkjh vçlUu FksA blfy, mu ij fu;a=.k j[kus ds fy, 'ksj eqgEen dks rSukr dj fn;k x;kA fp'ke dh fjiksVZ ds vk/kkj ij dkysaæ flag dks in ls gVk fn;k x;kA mUgsa cLrj ls fu"dkflr dj jk;iqj Hkst fn;k x;kA pwafd u, jktk ukckfyx Fks blfy, 1891 esa cLrj dks vaxzst lqçhaVsaMsaV us vius fu;a=.k esa ys fy;kA nhoku cStukFk iaMk cuk;k x;kA mlds dky esa cLrj dh laL—fr] lkekftd lajpuk vkSj ijaijkvksa ij vk?kkr gksus ls vkfnokfl;ksa esa ukjktxh iuius yxhA dkysaæ flag vkfnokfl;ksa ds chp yksdfç; FksA mUgksaus vlarks"k dh Tokyk dks Hkwedky esa ifjofrZr dj 1910 esa ,sfrgkfld foIyo dks tUe fn;kA 1 Qjojh dks Økafr 'kq: gqbZA 26 Qjojh 1910 dks yky dkysaæ flag vkSj jkuh lqcju dqaoj dks fxj¶rkj dj fy;k x;kA yky lkgc dks ,fypiqj tsy esa j[kk x;k tgka 1916 esa mudh e`R;q gks xbZA jkuh dk jk;iqj tsy esa vDVwcj 1910 esa nsgkar gks x;kA Hkwedky dk uk;d xq.Mk /kwj lu~ 1910 esa cLrj esa fczfV'k 'kklu ds fo#) foIyo ¼^Hkwedky*½ bfrgkl dh ,d egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk gSA çk—frd lEink ls Hkjiwj cLrj fczfV'k 'kklu vkSj muds dkfjUnksa ds fy;s yksHk vkSj ywV dk dsUæ cu x;k FkkA lu~ 1910 ds foæksg ds uk;d Fks /kqokZ tutkfr ds ;qok xq.Mk /kwjA mldh vkfnoklh lsuk us 1 Qjojh dks txnyiqj] 3 Qjojh dks fpaxiky] 4 Qjojh dks dksdukj dk cktkj ywV fy;k x;kA 5 Qjojh dks djath cktkj] ekjsaxk] rksdkiky ds cktkjksa dks ywVk x;kA 7 Qjojh dks jkuh lqcju dqavj us fczfV'k 'kklu dh lekfIr rFkk eqfj;k jkt dh ?kks"k.kk dj nhA mlds ckn xhne] ckjlwj] dqV:] narsokM+k] HkksikyiVue] txjxq.Mk vkfn ij fu;a=.k LFkkfir djus esa Økafrdkjh lQy gks x;sA 13 Qjojh rd cLrj nf{k.k&if'pe {ks= ij foIyfo;ksa dk çHkko LFkkfir gks x;k FkkA m/kj] vaxzst Hkh iwjh rkdr yxk dj Økafrdkfj;ksa ij vkØe.k dj jgs FksA vusd vkfnoklh ;qod 'kghn gq, ijarq xq.Mk /kwj dHkh mudh fxj¶r esa ugha vk;kA ysfdu cLrj ds yksdxhrksa esa vkt Hkh xq.Mk /kwj thfor gSaA ia- ek/kojko lçs ia- ek/kojko lçs dk tUe 19 twu 1871 dks neksg ftys ds iFkfj;k xzke esa gqvk FkkA muds firk ckcwjko rFkk ekrk y{eh ckbZ FkhaA jksth&jksVh dh [kkst esa ckcwjko th fcykliqj vkdj cl x, FksA lçs th dh f'k{kk jk;iqj] tcyiqj] bykgkckn] ukxiqj vkSj dydÙkk fo'ofo|ky; ls gqbZA lu~ 1900 esa mUgksaus jk;iqj ls ekfld i= ^NÙkhlx<+ fe=* dk çdk'ku fd;kA 1905 esa lçsth us ukxiqj esa ^fgUnh xzaFk çdk'kd eaMyh* dh LFkkiuk dhA lçsth }kjk fyf[kr iqLrd ^Lons'kh vkanksyu vkSj ck;dkV* uked iqLrd çdkf'kr gqbZ] ftls ftls fczfV'k 'kklu us tCr dj fy;kA blh o"kZ cukjl ds dkaxzsl vf/kos'ku esa frydth us mUgsa ^fgUnh dsljh* ds çdk'ku dh vuqefr nhA ^fgUnh dsljh* esa ^dkyk ikuh*] ^ce xksys dk jgL;* tSls foLQksVd ys[k lçsth us fy[ksA ifj.kker% 22 vxLr 1908 dks lçsth dks jktæksg ds vkjksi esa fxj¶rkj dj fy;kA ifjfLFkfro'k mUgsa {kek ;kfpdk ij gLrk{kj djuk iM+kA vkRe Xykfu ds dkj.k fjgk gksus ds lky Hkj rd os lkoZtfud thou ls nwj jgsA lu~ 1920 esa lçsth us ljdkjh Ldwy NksM+us okys Nk=ksa ds fy, jk;iqj esa jk"Vªh; fo|ky; dh LFkkiuk dh] muds ç;klksa ls gh vukFkky; vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds fy, Ldwy Hkh [kksys x,A fgUnh lkfgR; esa lçs th dk ;ksxnku lnSo Lej.k fd;k tkrk jgsxkA 23 vçSy 1926 dks lçsth dk nsgkolku gks x;kA cgqeq[kh çfrHkk ds /kuh% iafMr lqUnjyky 'kekZ ia- lqUnyky 'kekZ dk tUe 21 fnlacj 1881 bZ- esa jkfte ds ikl pelqj ¼pUælwj½ xzke esa gqvk FkkA 'kekZth NÙkhlx<+h vkSj fgUnh ds vykok vaxzsth] ejkBh] caxyk rFkk mfM;k Hkk"kk ds vPNs tkudkj FksA lkoZtfud thou% 1907 esa jkfte] /kerjh rFkk jk;iqj esa Lons'kh oLrqvksa dh nqdkuksa dh LFkkiukA HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 23
uqdlku ds dkj.k lu~ 1911 esa nqdkusa can djuh iM+h] dtZ c<+ x;kA lu~ 1918 esa dtZ olwyh ds fy, jkek/khu fMØh dk vkns'k ysdj 'kekZth ds ?kj igqapk] ml le; 'kekZth ds cM+s iq= uhyef.k ds vafre ;k=k dh rS;kj gks jgh FkhA * lu~ 1918 esa lrukfe;ksa dk ;Kksifor] lekt ls cfg"—rA jkthoykspu eafnj esa dgkjksa ds ços'k dk vfHk;kuA lu~ 1925 esa jkfte ds jkepUæ eafnj esa gfjtu ços'k ds fy, lQy vfHk;kuA eqaxsyh ds lrukfe;ksa dk ;KksiforA * lu~ 1920 esa xzke d.Msy esa ugj lR;xzgA ia- lqUnjyky 'kekZ xka/khth dks lkFk ysdj 20 fnlEcj dks jk;iqj vk,A xka/khth us 21 fnlEcj dks /kerjh tulHkk dks lEcksf/kr fd;kA * lu~ 1922 flgkok esa taxy lR;kxzgA ebZ 1922 esa ia- 'kekZ dks ,d o"kZ dh ltkA * lu~ 1930 esa lfou; voKk vkUnksyu esa fxj¶rkj] ,d o"kZ dh ltkA * 1932 dks jk;iqj esa fxj¶rkj] 6 ekg dh ltk rFkk 50 #i, tqekZukA mYys[kuh;% uoEcj lu~ 1933 esa egkRek xka/kh gfjtuks)kj nkSjs ij NÙkhlx<+ vk,A jk;iqj dh ,d lHkk esa xka/khth us 'kekZth }kjk gfjtuks)kj ds fy, fd, x, dk;ksaZ esa viuk ^vxzt* Lohdkj fd;kA lkfgR; l`tu% ukVd] miU;kl vkSj dkO;A 7 —fr;ka çdkf'krA ^NÙkhlx<+h nkuyhyk* lokZf/kd yksdfç;] ;g NÙkhlx<+ dk çFke çca/k&dkO; Lohdk;ZA jk;iqj tsy esa gLrfyf[kr ^tsy&if=dk* fudkyhA mlesa gkL;&O;ax] dkVwZu] ys[k o dfork,a gksrh FkhaA nsgkolku% 28&12&1940A ia- jfo'kadj 'kqDy ia- jfo'kadj 'kqDy dk tUe lkxj esa 2 vxLr 1877 dksA firk ia- txUukFk 'kqDyA lkoZtfud thou% lu~ 1916 esa gkse :y yhx lsA lu~ 1921 esa vf[ky Hkkjrh; dkaxzsl egklfefr ds lnL; fuokZfprA lu~ 1921 ls 1936 rd jk;iqj fMfLVªDV dkSafly ds v/;{kA ebZ lu~ 1922 esa jk;iqj esa ftyk jktuSfrd ifj"kn~ ds Lokxrk/;{kA lHkk LFky esa fcuk fVfdV ços'k dj jgs dysDVj vkSj iqfyl dIrku jksd fn;k] fxj¶rkjA * lu~ 1924 esa igyh ckj çkarh; fo/kkulHkk ds lnL; fuokZfprA * 1926 esa dkaxzsl ls vyxA pquko esa ijkt;A * 8 vçSy 1930 dks jk;iqj esa ued lR;kxzgA 28 vçSy dks xksafn;k esa fxj¶rkj] nks o"kZ dh ltkA uoEcj 1933 esa egkRek xka/kh jk;iqj esa 'kqDy th ds fuokl esa Bgjs FksA * lu~ 1936 esa çkUrh; fo/kkulHkk ds pquko ds ckn dkaxzsl eaf=eaMy esa f'k{kk ea=hA 20 tqykbZ 1938 dks lh-ih- cjkj vlsacyh esa eq[;ea=hA gkbZ dekaM ds vkns'k ij eaf=eaMy us 1939 esa R;kxi= fn;kA * lu~ 1940 esa O;fäxr lR;kxzg esa fxj¶rkjA * 1942 esa ^Hkkjr NksM+ks* vkanksyu] 11 vxLr dks eydkiqj LVs'ku ls fxj¶rkjA * 1946 vkSj 1952 ds pquko ds ckn iqu% eq[;ea=hA 1956 esa xfBr u, e/;çns'k ds Hkh eq[;ea=hA * lafo/kku fuekZ.k ds fy, xfBr lfefr ds lnL; euksuhrA * ^vk;jySaM dk bfrgkl* uked iqLrd dk ys[kuA nsgkolku% 31 fnlacj 1956A uRFkwth txrki uRFkwth txrki dk tUe /kerjh esa 15 viSzy lu~ 1881A muds firk ,.kqth txrkiA os 22 xkaoksa ds Lokeh FksA lkoZtfud thou% lu~ 1914 esa rglhy —f"k lgdkjh cSad dh LFkkiuk dhA 21 fnlEcj 1920 dks egkRek xka/kh /kerjh esa muds fuokl esa gh Bgjs FksA 1920 vlg;ksx vkanksyu ds leFkZu esa ljdkj }kjk çnÙk ^njckjh* dh mikf/k dk R;kxA mUgksaus vius ?kj esa laxzfgr fons'kh oLrqvksa dh gksyh tykbZA 1921 esa /kerjh rglhy dkaxzsl desVh ds çFke v/;{k fuokZfprA /kerjh rglhy f[kykQr desVh ds Hkh v/;{k fuokZfprA lu~ 1922 esa /kerjh uxj ikfydk ds v/;{k fuokZfprA /kerjh yksdy cksMZ ds v/;{kA 24 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
lu~ 1922 ls 1934 rd uxj ikfydk ds rFkk 1922 ls 1929 rd vkSj 1932 ls 1935 rd yksdy cksMZ ds v/;{kA * lu~ 1930 esa uokxkao esa taxy lR;kxzg ds çFke lR;kxzgh ds :i esa 22 vxLr dks çkr% fxj¶rkj dj ,d lky ds fy, jk;iqj tsy Hkst fn, x,A nsgkolku% 27 ebZ 1937A ukjk;.kjko es?kkokys ia- ukjk;.kjko es?kkokys ¼QM+uohl½ dk tUe 25 vDVwcj 1883 dks /kerjhA firk foëyjko ekrk :DekckbZA lkoZtfud thou% 1907 esa jkfte] /kerjh vkSj jk;iqj esa Lons'kh oLrqvksa dh LFkkiukA * 1920 esa daMsy ugj lR;kxzgA blh o"kZ /kerjh uxj ikfydk ds çFke v/;{k fuokZfprA * tuojh 1922 esa uxjh esa taxy lR;kxzgA ebZ 1922 esa flgkok esa fxj¶rkj] ,d lky dh ltkA * ^iapk;rh dksBh* uked fdrkc fy[khA * 1930 dks jk;iqj ds xka/kh pkSd esa Hkk"k.k nsrs lc baLisDVj dh fiLrkSy ds lkeus lhuk rkudj [kM+s gks x,A nsgkolku% 24 vDVwcj 1934A fo/kku iq#"k ?ku';ke flag xqIr nkÅ ?ku';ke flag xqIr dk tUe 22 fnlacj 1885 dks nqxZ esaA f'k{kk nqxZ] jk;iqj] tcyiqj vkSj ç;kxA ch,llh dh ijh{kk esa Lo.kZ indA xq#dqy fo|kihB gfj}kj esa nks o"kksaZ rd HkkSfrd 'kkL= ds çksQsljA foKku] fof/k] /keZ vkSj n'kZu ds fo}ku vkSj dêj vk;Z lekthA L=h f'k{kk] vNwrks)kj] cky fookg dk fojks/k vkSj fo/kok fookg dks çksRlkgu tSls dk;ksaZ esa fo'ks"k :i ls lfØ;A vR;ar egRoiw.k%Z 24 tuojh 1924 dks xq¶r th ds usr`Ro esa lafo/kku dk fgUnh Mªk¶V laln esa çLrqr gqvkA lafo/kku esa mYysf[kr ^we the people of India* ds fy, ^ge Hkkjr ds yksx* dk vuqokn xqIr th dh gh nsu gSA xouZesaV v‚Q bafM;k ,DV] cky Je fu"ks/k fcy] Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad vf/kfu;e] foeku vf/kfu;e] isVªksfy;e vf/kfu;e vkSj vk;Z fookg ekU;rk tSls vR;ar egRoiw.kZ dkuwuksa dks mUgksaus gh laln esa is'k fd;k FkkA lkoZtfud thou% 1915 gkse:y yhx vkanksyu lsA * 1920 ls 1968 rd lhih ,aM cjkj vk;Z çfrfuf/k lHkk ds v/;{kA * 1923] 1926 esa fo/kku lHkk ds lnL;A 1926 ls 1929 rd foi{k ds usrkA * 1929 dsaæh; /kkjk lHkk ds fy, lnL; fuokZfprA fgUnw eSfjt fcy çLrqr fd;kA * 1919 ls 1958 rd v- Hkk- dkaxzsl desVh ds lnL;A * 1930 tcyiqj esa fxj¶rkjA * 1932 iqu% fxj¶rkj] 1500 #i, tqekZukA ?kj ds lkekuksa dh dqdhZA * 1933 xka/kh th nqxZ esa xqIr th ds vfrfFk jgs rFkk xqIr th }kjk LFkkfir ikB'kkyk dk nkSjk fd;kA * 1937 ls 1952 rd lh- ih- ,aM cjkj fo/kku lHkk ds LihdjA * 1938 lkoZnsf'kd vk;Z çfrfuf/k lHkk ds v/;{kA * 1939] 1944 esa vk;Z lekft;ksa ij gks jgs vekuoh; vR;kpkjksa ds f[kykQ gSnjkckn ds futke ds fo#) vkanksyu dk usr`RoA * 1940 fxj¶rkjA * 1942 iqu% fxj¶rkjA * 1947 lafo/kku ds fy, xfBr ^fgUnh vuqokn lfefr* ds lnL;A * 1948 esa muds ç;klksa ls ^lR;kFkZ çdk'k* ij ls çfrca/k gVk;k x;kA * 1949 lafo/kku ds fgUnh vuqokn ds fy, xfBr nwljh lfefr ds v/;{kA HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 25
* 1961 ls 1964 rd jkt Hkk"kk vk;ksx ds lnL;A nsgkolku% 14 twu 1976 Hkxorh çlkn feJ ia- Hkxorh çlkn feJ dk tUe nqxZ ftys ds vaf/k;kj[kksj xzke esa ekpZ 1887A firk egknhu feJA firkeg thojk[ku feJ fcBqj ds ikl csygu xzke ds fuoklh FksA mUgsa 1857 esa Økafr ds fy, NÙkhlx<+ esa laxBu djusds fy, Hkstk x;k FkkA lkoZtfud thou% 1920A * 1921 esa vaxzst dysDVj dks dkyk >aMk fn[kk;k] 50 #i, tqekZuk vkSj 5 xkaoksa dh uacjnkjh fNu yh xbZA * 1922 fxj¶rkjA * 1930 egleqan rglhy ds [kfj;kj esa vlg;ksx vkanksyu ds flyflys esa fxj¶rkj] 9 ekg dh tsyA * 1931 egleqan rglhy esa taxy lR;kxzg ds nkSjku fxj¶rkj] 6 ekg dh tsy] 25 #i, tqekZukA tsy esa ^lh&Dykl* esa j[ks x,A jktcafn;ksa ij tsy esa gks jgs vR;kpkj ds fojks/k esa vu'kuA nsgkolku% 21 Qjojh 1924A ds'ko eqdqan fprys ds'ko eqdqan fprys dk tUe 1887 esa ukxiqj ds ikl jkeVsd esaA ukxiqj ls ch,llh] ç;kx ls ,y,ych dh ijh{kk mÙkh.kZA eqaxsyh vkSj fQj fcykliqj esa odkyrA lkoZtfud thou% 1920 lsA csxkj çFkk ds fojks/k esa xzkeh.kksa dk laxBuA fdlkuksa] etnwjksa vkSj vNwrksa ds fgrksa ds fy, la?k"kZjrA * 1940 esa 6 ekg dh ltk vkSj 100 #i, tqekZukA jk;iqj vkSj ukxiqj tsy esa j[ks x,A * 1942 esa yxHkx rhu o"kksaZ rd ukxiqj] eækl] osykSj tsy esa jgsA * fcykliqj ftyk dkSafly vkSj lgdkjh cSad ds v/;{k] uxj ikfydk fuxe ds mik/;{kA * 1940&49 rd fcykliqj dkaxzsl desVh ds v/;{kA * 1950 fcykliqj esa laL—r ifj"kn dh LFkkiukA cSfjLVj Bkdqj Nsnhyky flag Bkdqj Nsnhyky flag dk tUe vdyrjk esa 7 flracj 1891A firk ipdkSM+ flag] ekrk lksudqaoj nsohA v‚DlQksMZ ls bfrgkl esa ,e-,- fQj ,y-,y-ch- dh mikf/k çkIr dhA xq#dqy dkaxM+h esa v/;kiu HkhA 1916 esa cukjl fgUnw fo'ofo|ky; esa bfrgkl ds çk/;kidA lkoZtfud thou% lu~ 1920 vlg;ksx vkanksyu ds nkSjku odkyr dk R;kxA fons'kh oLrqvksa dh nqdku ij fidsfVax djrs fxj¶rkj] tqekZukA * 1924 esa çkUrh; fo/kkulHkk ds lnL; fuokZfprA * 1926 esa dkaxzsl ls i`Fkd] pquko esa foQyA * 1927 esa dkaxzsl esa lfEefyrA fo/kkulHkk ds lnL; fuokZfprA * 1930 ds vkanksyu ds dkj.k odkyr dk yk;lsal tCrA * 25 ebZ 1932 dks ukxiqj esa fxj¶rkj] 500 #i, tqekZuk] odkyr dh lun tCrA * 1937 esa egkdkS'ky dkaxzsl desVh ds v/;{kA * 1939 esa tcyiqj ds fudV f=iqjh dkaxzsl vf/kos'ku ds tujy dekafMax v‚fQljA dkaxzslk/;{k Fks lqHkk"kpaæ ckslA * 1941 esa O;fäxr lR;kxzg esa fxj¶rkjA * 1942 ds vkUnksyu esa Hkh fxj¶rkjA 26 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
* fcykliqj ds jsyos deZpkfj;ksa us gM+rky dk usr`RoA * 1937 ls 1942 rd lh- ih- ,aM cjkj fo/kkulHkk ds lnL;A * lafo/kku ds fuekZ.k ds fy, cukbZ xbZ lfefr esa euksuhrA * ys[kd] i=dkj vkSj laxhrK Hkh FksA ^gkySaM dh Lok/khurk* dk bfrgkl uked xzaFkA egkeuk enueksgu ekyoh; dh ^lsok if=dk* vkSj ek[kuyky prqosZnh ds v[kckj ^deZohj* ds lEikndA nsgkolku% 18 flrEcj 1956A tq>k: vuUrjke cfNZgk vuUrjke cfNZgk dk tUe 28 vxLr lu~ 1890 pUn[kqjh xzke esaA firk fgUNkjke] ekrk ;'kksnk ckbZA lkoZtfud thou% 1923 esa >aMk lR;kxzg esa ukxiqj esa fxj¶rkj vkSj tqekZukA eosf'k;ksa dh dqdhZ] dj iqfyl us mudh nqdku ywV yhA * 1930 esa ,d o"kZ dh ltkA nqdku ,d ckj fQj iqfyl okyksa ywVhA * 1932 esa jk;iqj esa fxj¶rkj] dj ekg dh ltk vkSj 250 #i, tqekZukA * 1940 dks pUn[kqjh esa fxj¶rkj] N% ekg dh ltkA * 1942 ds vkanksyu esa iqu% tsyA * 1933 pUn[kqjh ds lrukeh eksgYys ds lQkbZ vfHk;kuA eafnj esa gfjtuksa dks ços'k fnykus ds fy, vkB fnuksa rd vu'kuA tkfr ls cfg"—rA nsgkolku% 22 vxLr 1956A foIyoh Økafrdqekj Hkkjrh; ekuk tkrk gS fd Økafrdqekj dk tUe 4 ekpZ 1894 dks dydÙkk esa gqvk FkkA mudk vlyh uke fdlh dks Hkh ekywe ughaA jk;iqj ftyk xtsfV;j esa muds firk dk uke nsodhuanu fy[kk gSA tc Økafr dqekj 8&9 o"kZ ds gh Fks rc vius HkkbZ ds lkFk tqywl esa 'kkfey Fks] iqfyl us xksfy;ka pykbZ ftlesa muds HkkbZ dh ekSr gks xbZA bl Hkjh nqfu;k esa os fcYdqy gh vdsys jg x,A * lkoZtfud thou% 1919 esa fnYyh esa fxj¶rkj] 30 csarksa dh ltkA * 1919 fnYyh ds ikl ekM+kokl xzke esa ,d o"kZ dh utjcanhA * dkdksjh dsl ds Økafrdkfj;ksa ds lans'kokgdA * 1920 esa fxj¶rkj] pqukj tsy esa 4 o"kksaZ dh ltkA * 1930 esa dk'kh iksLV v‚fQl y‚jh MdSrh esa 'kkfeyA * vxLr 1930 esa fcykliqj ds Vkmu gky esa /otkjksg.kA 6 ekg dh ltkA * 1932 esa fxj¶rkj] 200 #i, dk tqekZukA tsy esa 30 csarksa dh ltkA * 1933 esa jkek;.k çopu ds vkjksi esa xksafn;k esa fxj¶rkjA iqu% tcyiqj esa fxj¶rkjA * 1934 esa eqyrkbZ esa fxj¶rkj] 4 o"kksaZ ds fy, tsyA * 1942 esa jk;iqj esa l'kL= Økafr dh ;kstuk dks dk;Z:i nsus dh rS;kjhA fxj¶rkj] 2 lky dh ltkA * fdlkuksa ds 'kks"k.k ds fojks/k esa egkleqan rglhy esa vkanksyuA 1948 vkSj 1949 esa nks ckj tsyA * 1949 esa jk;iqj esa ftyk dkaxzsl desVh ds eq[ki= ^NÙkhlx<+ dsljh* dk laiknuA dqN le; ds i'pkr~ laU;kl /kkj.kA nsgkolku% 1974A HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 27
ekSykuk vCnqy jÅQ [kka ekSykuk jÅQ dk tUe 27 ekpZ 1894 esa jk;iqj esaA firk xqyehj [kkaA mnwZ rFkk Qkjlh Hkk"kk ij vf/kdkjA vPNs 'kk;jA jaxeap dk Hkh 'kkSdA lkoZtfud thou% 1921 esa jk;iqj ftyk f[kykQr desVh ds ea=h fuokZfprA * 1922 esa fxj¶rkj] 2 ekg ds fy, tsyA * ekSyuk lkgc dh eqfLye lekt dks jk"Vªh; /kkjk ds lkFk tksMus esa lQyrkA mUgha dh çsj.kk ls eqfLye efgykvksa us Hkh vktknh ds vkanksyu esa viuk lg;ksx çnku fd;kA * 1930 ds vkanksyu ds nkSjku 15 Qjojh dks fxj¶rkj] nks o"kZ dh dSn vkSj 75 #i, tqekZukA * 1941 ds O;fäxr lR;kxzg esa 4 ckj fxj¶rkjA * 1942 ds Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu ds nkSjku <kbZ o"kksaZ dh ltkA nsgkolku% 27 ekpZ 1945A lar lsukuh ;fr ;ru yky ;frth dk tUe laor 1951 ¼lu~ 1894½ esa chdkusj esaA x.khth Jh foosdo/kZu mUgsa ysdj jk;iqj vk,A xf.kr] laL—r] bfrgkl vkSj lkfgR; esa xgjh #fpA lkoZtfud thou% 1921 esa dkaxzsl ds lnL;A 1922 esa os jk;iqj ftyk dkaxzsl ds mik/;{kA 1924&25 esa jk;iqj ftyk dkaxzsl desVh ds v/;{k fuokZfprA * lu~ 1930 ds Hkæ ¼lfou;½ voKk vkanksyu esa jk;iqj ds la;kstdA * tqykbZ 1930 egkleqUn rglhy esa taxy lR;kxzg dk lapkyuA xzke reksjk esa fxj¶rkj] ,d o"kZ dh ltkA * 1932 ds vkanksyu ds nkSjku egkleqUn esa fxj¶rkj] 6 ekg dh ltk] nks lkS #i, tqekZukA * 1933 esa eafnjksa esa gfjtuksa dk eafnj ços'k djk;kA vkjax esa i'kq cfy #dokbZ] jk;iqj esa csesy fookg dks jksdus esa vkSj nqxZ esa e`rd Hkkst dks jksdus esa lQyA * 1934 esa jk;iqj ftys esa gSts ds ladV esa xkao&xkao esa nok] vU;sf"V vkSj Vhds dh O;oLFkkA * 1935 esa xzke dwajk esa ^iapk;r dksBh* dh LFkkiukA * 1940 ds O;fä lR;kxzg esa 4 ekg dh ltkA * 1942 esa Hkh tsy ;k=kA * 1946 ls 1949 rd jk;iqj ftyk dkaxzsl desVh ds v/;{kA * egkleqan esa vkJe vkSj fpfdRlky; rFkk jk;iqj dk ^eaxy iqLrdky;* dh LFkkiukA * nsgkolku% 4 vxLr 1976 cacbZ esaA ;nquanu yky JhokLro ;nquanu yky JhokLro dk tUe 14 uoacj 1898 dks fcykliqj esaA firk gfjgjpj.k JhokLro iqfyl esa lc baLisDVjA f'k{kk eqaxsyh] fcykliqj] ç;kx vkSj <kdk esaA lkoZtfud thou% 1920 esa ljdkjh f'k{kd dh ukSdjh ls bLrhQkA jk"Vªh; fo|ky; esa f'k{kdA * 1922 ia- ek[kuyky prqosZnh ds lekpkj i= ^deZohj* ds lg;ksxh laikndA * 1940 O;fäxr lR;kxzg ds dkj.k 2 o"kZ dh tsyA * 1942 33 ekg dh dSnA * miU;kl ^vijk/kh*] ^iru* dk l`tuA ^nkEiR; thou* vkSj ^lQy ekrk* vU; fdrkcsaA ^fodkl* vkSj ^çdk'k* dk laiknuA nsgkolku% 15 ekpZ 1970 28 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
egar y{ehukjk;.k nkl egar y{ehukjk;.k nkl dk tUe 29 ebZ 1900 dks ckank ftys ds jktiqj esaA firk ds nsgkar ds ckn ekrkth ds lkFk jk;iqj vk,A os 1906 esa tSrwlko eB ds egarA lkoZtfud thou% 1920 lsA * 1930 ds ued lR;kxzg esa fxj¶rkjA * 1940 ds O;fäxr lR;kxzg ds nkSjku tsyA * 1942 dks eydkiqj LVs'ku ls fxj¶rkjA * 1957&58 esa çns'k dkaxzsl desVh ds v/;{kA 1948 ls 1956 rd jk;iqj ftyk dkaxzsl desVh ds v/;{kA * HkVxkao ls 1952 esa fo/kk;d vkSj 1957 esa jkT;lHkk ds lnL;A * 1918 ls 1937 rd E;qfufliy desVh ds esacjA * 1926 ls 1948 rd yksdy cksMZ ds lnL;A * 1937&48 rd fMfLVªDV dkSafly ds çslhMsaVA * lsaVªy dks&v‚ijsfVOg cSad rFkk Hkwfe fodkl cSad ds 1948 ls 1971 rd v/;{kA nsgkolku% 14 ekpZ 1989A M‚- [kwcpUn c?ksy M‚- [kwcpUn c?ksy dk tUe 19 tqykbZ 1900 iFkjh xzke esaA firk tqM+oku flag c?ksy] ekrk Jherh dsrdh ckbZA gkbZ Ldwy dh f'k{kk lekIr dj 1920 esa ukxiqj ds jkcVZlu esfMdy Ldwy esa HkrhZA vlg;ksx vkanksyu ds nkSjku esfMdy Ldwy dh i<+kbZ NksM+ nhA lkoZtfud thou% 1923 ds >aMk lR;kxzg esa lfØ;A * 1932 esa jk;iqj esa fxj¶rkj] 6 ekg dh ltk vkSj 250 #i, tqekZukA * 1942 esa fxj¶rkjA * vktknh ds ckn çkarh; 'kklu esa ikfyZ;kesaV lsØsVjh fu;qäA xkaoksa esa dqfVj m|ksxksa dh LFkkiukA * 1950 esa dkaxzsl ls i`Fkd gks x,A 1952 ds pquko esa fo/kkulHkk ds lnL; pqus x,A 1952 ls 1962 rd fo/kkulHkk ds lnL; vkSj fojks/kh ny ds LrEHk jgsA 1965 esa os jkT;lHkk lnL; fuokZfprA * 1956 esa jktukanxkao esa ^NÙkhlx<+h egklHkk* vkSj 1967 esa jk;iqj esa ^NÙkhlx<+ Hkzkr` la?k* dh LFkkiukA * vk/kk ntZu ukVdksa dk ys[kuA v[kckjksa esa fu;fer ys[kuA * nsgkolku% 22 Qjojh 1969 dks fnYyh esaA fo'oukFk ;kno jko rkeLdj fo'oukFk ;kno jko rkeLdj dk tUe 2 tqykbZ 1901 esa csesrjk ds xzke uokx<+ esaA f'k{kk uokx<+] nqxZ] fcykliqj ç;kx vkSj ukxiqjA lkoZtfud thou% 1930 ,d o"kZ dSn vkSj 100 #i, tqekZuk] laifÙk dh dqdhZ vkSj odkyr dh lun tCrA * 1932 9 ekg dh tsyA * 1933 nqxZ ftyk dkSafly ds v/;{kA * 1936 csesrjk ls fo/kk;dA * 1940 6 ekg dh ltkA * 1942 yxHkx 3 o"kZ rd tsyA * 1952 iqu% csesrjk ls fo/kk;dA * 1954 usrk çfri{kA nsgkolku% 2 flracj 1969 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 29
taxy lR;kxzg ds tUenkrk% ';keyky lkse ';keyky lkse dk tUe 1905 esaA lkoZtfud thou% 1920 esa vlg;ksx vkanksyu ds le; Ldwy NksM+ nhA flgkok {ks= ds taxyksa esa vlg;ksx vkSj vktknh ds lans'k dk çpkjA tuojh 1922 esa flgkok esa taxy lR;kxzg dk usr`RoA tuojh ekg ds rhljs lIrkg esa fxj¶rkj] 6 ekg dh ltk vkSj 250 #i, tqekZukA I;qfufVOg VSDl ds :i esa 300 #i, dh olwyhA * 1923 esa >aMk lR;kxzg esa 6 ekg dh ltkA * 1928 o 1930 ds dkaxzsl vf/kos'kuksa esa 'kkfeyA * 1930 esa :æh ¼uokxkao½ esa taxy lR;kxzg ds flyflys esa fxj¶rkj] 6 ekl dh ltkA * 1932 esa iqu% fxj¶rkjA * jkek;.k ds çopu ds fy, çfl)A T;ksfr"k 'kkL= dk xgjk v/;;uA * nsgkolku% 11 uoEcj 1973A ouoklh usrk lq[kjke ukxs lq[kjke ukxs dh u rks gesa tUe frfFk ds fo"k; esa vkSj u gh e`R;q frfFk ds fo"k; esa lwpuk gSA lq[kjke ukxs vktknh ds ckn Hkh vkfnokfl;ksa ds vf/kdkjksa ds fy, la?k"kZ djrs jgsA lq[kjke ukxs ds firk dk uke /kjew FkkA os 23 o"kZ dh vk;q esa Lok/khurk vkanksyu esa dwn iM+s FksA vDVwcj lu~ 1930 esa :æh&uokxkao esa lR;kxzg djrs fxj¶rkj] 6 ekg dh ltk ds nkSjku jk;iqj tsy esa j[ks x,A fQj 1 ekpZ 1932 dks jk;iqj esa fxj¶rkj] 6 ekg dh ltkA lu~ 1942 esa Hkwfexr :i ls vkfnoklh {ks=ksa esa vktknh dh vy[k txkrs jgs] ysfdu os fxj¶rkj ugha fd, tk ldsA * 1950 esa flgkok {ks= esa vkfnokfl;ksa ds lR;kxzg dk usr`RoA 4 efgykvksa lfgr 18 yksxksa dh fxj¶rkjhA M‚- jkeeuksgj yksfg;k us vius ,d ys[k esa fy[kk Fkk&^jk;iqj ftys esa lq[kjke ukxs dh gR;k iqfyl dh gokykr esa dh xbZ FkhA^ M‚DVj jk/kkckbZ M‚- jk/kkckbZ dk tUe ukxiqj ds brokjk eqgYys esa gqvk FkkA ek= 9 o"kZ dh vYik;q esa os fo/kok Hkh gks xbZA ekrk&firk dh e`R;q igys gh gks pqdh FkhA mUgksaus nkbZ dk dke lh[kk vkSj ukxiqj uxj ikfydk esa ukSdjhA fQj dkeBh] vdksyk] fcykliqj vkfn LFkkuksa esa ukSdjh dhA jk/kkckbZ ^feMokbQ* FkhaA yksx vknj ls mUgsa ^MkDVj jk/kkckbZ* dgrs FksA jk;iqj uxj esa Lok/khurk laxzke esa dwnus okyh os çFke efgyk FkhaA lu~ 1930 esa Hkæ voKk vkanksyu esa muds usr`Ro esa jk;iqj dh efgykvksa us cM+h la[;k esa Hkkx fy;k] tsy xbZa vkSj iqfyl ds neu dk lkeuk fd;kA jk;iqj IysV Q‚eZ esa iqfyl ds ykBh pktZ esa ?kk;yA * 1932 esa jk;iqj ftyk dkaxzsl desVh dh ^o‚j desVh* dh pkSFks Øe dh fMDVsVjA ia- lqanjyky 'kekZ dh fxj¶rkjh ds ckn M‚- jk/kkckbZ ds usr`Ro esa 23 efgykvksa us lR;kxzg fd;kA 13 twu dks mUgsa tRFks lfgr tsy esa Mky fn;k x;kA N% ekg dh ltk vkSj 25 #i, tqekZukA * 1932 dks iqu% fxj¶rkj] fdUrq 'kke dks fjgkbZ HkhA * 1942 esa tqywl dk usr`Ro djrs gq, fxj¶rkj vkSj tsyA * ^fdlfcu ukp* dks can djkus esa lQyA nsgkolku% 2 tuojh 1950A vej 'kghn feUnw vkSj jruw lu~ 1930 ds vkanksyu dk lokZf/kd tksj /kerjh rglhy ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa jgkA :æh&uokxkao esa taxy dkuwu dk mYya?ku djus 22 vxLr dks lR;kxzgh Hkstus dk fu'p; fd;k x;kA fdUrq 22 vkSj 23 vxLr dks çeq[k usrk fxj¶rkj dj tsy esa Bwal fn, x,A blds ckotwn fu/kkZfjr dk;ZØe ds vuqlkj taxy lR;kxzg iwjs tks'k ds lkFk pyrk jgkA 30 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
* 9 flarEcj 1930 dks gtkjksa yksxksa dk tqywl :æh ds uokxkao ds ikl igqapkA lkeus Fks ydesuh xkao ds feUnw dqEgkj] jruw xksaM vkSj ikap vU; lR;kxzghA tqywl :æh igqapk gh Fkk fd iqfyl us ykBh pktZ dj fn;kA HkxnM+ ep xbZA dqN flikfg;ksa vkSj ,d lc baLisDVj dks Hkh pksVsa vkbZaA ?kk;y lc baLisDVj us xksyh pykus dk vkns'k ns fn;kA xksyh yxrs gh feanw dqEgkj fxj iM+sA jruw xksaM dks Hkh xksyh yxhA nksuksa ?kk;y lR;kxzfg;ksa dks fxj¶rkj dj jk;iqj tsy yk;k x;kA * 11 flracj dks feanw dqEgkj ohj xfr dks çkIr gks x,A dqN fnuksa ds ckn jruw xksaM dh Hkh 'kgknr gks xbZ ¼ysfdu fjd‚MZ esa ntZ ugha gSA½A cfynkuh jkek/khu xksaM jkek/khu xksaM dk tUe 1912 esa NqbZ[knku ds fudV cnjkVksyk xkao esa ifrjke vkSj lqxnh ckbZ ds ?kj gqvkA 21 tuojh 1939 dks cnjkVksyk esa taxy lR;kxzg dk fu.kZ; fd;k x;kA fu/kkZfjr le; ls igys gh rglhynkj 50 l'kL= flikfg;ksa ds lkFk lR;kxzg LFky ij vkdj cq/kjke lkgw dks fxj¶rkj dj fy;kA fojks/k Lo:i ogka mifLFkr lSdM+ksa xzkeh.kksa us rglhynkj dk ?ksjko dj fn;kA ?kcjk dj mlus xksyh pykus dk vkns'k ns fn;kA igyh xksyh gh jkek/khu xksaM dks yxh] os ogha 'kghn gks x,A os cq/kjke lkgw ds ?kj pjokgk Fks mudh mez ek= 27 lky gh FkhA dsrdh ckbZ M‚- [kwcpan c?ksy dh ekrk Jherh dsrdh ckbZ us viuh o`)koLFkk dh ijokg fd, fcuk Lora=rk laxzke esa Hkkx fy;k vkSj tsy ;k=k,a Hkh dhA * 1932 ds vkanksyu esa fons'kh oLrqvksa dh nqdku esa fidsfVax djrs efgykvksa ds tRFks ds lkFk dsrdh ckbZ dks Hkh fxj¶rkj fd;k x;kA ij mudh vf/kd mez dks ns[krs gq, mUgsa tsy ds njokts ls gh okil Hkst fn;kA ,d fnu fQj os fxj¶rkj dj tsy igqaph] bl ckj os tsy ds njokts ds lkeus vu'ku ij cSB xbZaA vkf[kj vf/kdkfj;ksa us mudks tsy nkf[ky dj fn;kA tsy ds Hkhrj gh mudk vu'ku VwVkA 1940 ds lR;kxzg esa Hkh mUgksaus viuh lfØ;rk fn[kkbZ FkhA jksfg.kh ckbZ jk;iqj dh lcls NksVh lsukuh Fkha jksfg.kh ckbZ ijxfugkA lok ckjg lky dh mez esa igyh tsyA muds ifr ek/ koçlkn Hkh laxzke esa lefiZr FksA * 1932 esa fxj¶rkj] pkj ekg dh dSn vkSj tqekZuk dh ltkA tqekZuk iVkus ls badkj djus ds dkj.k ?kj dk lkeku dqdZA tsy esa mUgsa 20&25 fdyks xsgwa ihluk] cksjh Hkj pkoy pquuk] dq,a ls Mªeksa esa ikuh Hkjus dh ltkA * 1933 esa egkRek xka/kh ds jk;iqj çokl ds nkSjku nkSjksa esa os lkFk FkhaA * 1942 esa Hkh mUgsa tsy tkuk iM+k FkkA mUgsa 7 ekg dh ltk gqbZ FkhA Qwydqaoj c?ksy o vU; ohjkaxuk,a M‚- [kwcpan c?ksy dh iRuh Qwydqaoj us Hkh vktknh dh yM+kbZ esa fgLlk fy;k vkSj tsy dh ;k=k Hkh dhA * 1942 ds vkanksyu esa rks os MkDVj lkgc ls igys gh fxj¶rkj dj tsy Hksth tk pqdhaFkhaA * jk;iqj esa ,sls cgqr ls lsukuh Fks ftudh ifRu;ksa us Lora=rk laxzke esa fgLlk fy;k FkkA euksgjyky JhokLro dh eka Qwydqaoj] iRuh iksph ckbZ] 'kadjjko xuksnokys dh iRuh ikoZrh ckbZ] Hkqtcy flag dh iRuh csyk ckbZ] uandqekj nkuh dh iRuh vatuh ckbZ çeq[k gSaA HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 31
1942 esa tSrw lko eB] iqjkuh cLrh] rkR;kikjk vkSj cw<+kikjk lsukfu;ksa ds eq[; dsUæ FksA eB esa iwtu] ozr ;k dFkk çopu ds cgkus ogka efgyk,a Hkh ,d= gksrh FkhaA cw<+kikjk esa ia- jfo'kadj 'kqDy dh iRuh Hkokuhnsoh vkSj ia- okeu jko yk[ks dh iRuh bafnjk ds lkFk mek xk;dokM+] dk'khckbZ lfØ; FkhaA rkR;kikjk esa 'kadj jko xuksnokys dh iRuh ikoZrh xuksnokys] jksfg.kh ckbZ ijxfugk] —".kk] lhrk] M‚- c?ksy dh iq=h lhrk dk laxBu FkkA deklhikjk esa :De.kh] vafcdk iVsfj;k] ;'kksnk ckbZ xaxsys] xkserhckbZ ekjokM+h] lq'khykckbZ xqtjkrh] vUuiw.kkZ 'kqDyk dk ny FkkA vatqeu csxe dh eghu drkbZ ns[kus rks HkhM+ yxh jgrh FkhA NÙkhlx<+ egrkjh dks rks geus ns[kk ugha gS ysfdu os bUgha ekrkvksa esa gh clrh gSaA ohjkaxuk n;korh egleqan rglhy esa taxy lR;kxzg dk vkxkt 9 flracj 1930 ls gks pqdk FkkA rkuoV&uokikjk dks dsaæ FkkA 12 flracj dks xzke reksjk lHkk gqbZA lHkk LFky esa ikap gtkj ls vf/kd xzkeh.k ,d= FksA lHkk esa n;korh mldh eka vkSj vU; efgyk,a Hkh FkhaA iqfyl yksxksa dks jksd jgh FkhA n;korh vkSj vU; efgyk,a fu/kkZfjr LFkku dh vksj tk gh jgh Fkha fd csar cjlkuk 'kq: gks x;kA iqfyl us fL=;ksa dks laxhuksa ls gVkus dh dksf'k'k dhA ekj ds Mj ls enZ rks Hkkx x, ysfdu efgyk,a MVh jghaA canwd/kkjh flikfg;ksa ds lkeus n;korh vkSj vU; efgyk,a lhuk rku dj [kM+h gks xbZa] dgk ^gedks ekj Mkyks ij ge viuh txg ls ugha gVsaxsA^ vkrad dk vlj u gksrs ns[k lc baLisDVj fetkZ csx uezrk ij mrj vk;k vkSj dgk ^ge rqels ckr djuk pkgrs gSaA^ n;korh us nks Vwd tokc fn;k ^ge nq'eu dh ckr ugha lquuk pkgrsA^ ml fnu n;korh us lkgl ugha fn[kk;k gksrk rks laHko gS reksjk esa lR;kxzg ugha gks ikrkA ia- jkekuan nqcs ia- jkekuan nqcs dk tUe nqxZ ftys ds xzke [k[kqjlqy esa 5 tqykbZ 1912A firk nhun;ky nqcsA f'k{kk jk;iqj vkSj dk'kh fo'ofo|ky;A lkoZtfud thou% 1928 Hkkjr uo;qod lHkk ds lnL; ds :i esaA * 1930 'kkys; Nk=ksa dk laxBu] tqywl vkSj gM+rky dk usr`RoA Ldwy ls jsfLVdsVA * 1930 egkleqan esa lR;kxzg dk çpkj djrs fxj¶rkjA iSny jk;iqj yk;k x;k] 6 ekg dh dSnA * 1932 fxj¶rkj 6 ekg dh ltk vkSj 30 #i, tqekZukA * 1940 fxj¶rkj] 7 fnuksa ds ckn fjgkA iqu% fxj¶rkj] 2 ekg dh ltkA ukxiqj tsy esa j[kk x;kA * 1942 tqywl dk usr`Ro djrs fxj¶rkj] 2 ekg fMVsa'ku esa j[kus ds ckn 6 ekg dh ltkA * 1943 iqu% fxj¶rkj] 4 ekg dh tsyA * 1955 Hkwnku vkSj loksZn; vkanksyu rFkk jpukRed dk;ksaZ esa lfØ;A vusd in;k=k,aA * 1972 pacy ds ek/kks flag] eksgj flag tSls ckfx;ksa ds vkRe leiZ.k esa t;çdk'k ukjk;.k vkSj lqCck jko ds lkFk vR;ar egRoiw.kZ HkwfedkA * 1975 ehlk dk fojks/k] fxj¶rkjA nsgkolku% 3 fnlacj 1994 okuj lsuk dk ijkØe jk;iqj esa 'kf'kHkw"k.k nqcs ds usr`Ro esa tuojh 1930 ls okuj lsuk lfØ; gks xbZ FkhA okuj lsuk fd'kksjksa dk ny FkkA 'kf'kHkw"k.k nqcs dks cyhjke ds uke ls lacksf/kr fd;k tkrk FkkA mUgksaus viuk uke ^vktkn* j[kk FkkA mldh igpku cyhjke vktkn ;k vktkn yky dIrku ds :i esa Hkh FkhA mudh mez egt 15 o"kZ FkhA cyhjke vktkn dh okuj lsuk esa Bk- jke—".k flag] y[kuyky frokjh] jkejru nqcs] gy/kj nhoku] çk.kukFk frokjh vkSj jkelgk; frokjh eq[; lnL; FksA cyhjke vius lkfFk;ksa ds ny ds lkFk tqywl fudkyrs vkSj frjaxk ysdj lcls vkxs pyrs FksA os MkSaMh ihV dj lHkk dh ?kks"k.kk djrs FksA 32 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
,d vçSy 1932 dks cyhjke vktkn ds lHkkifrRo esa vkuUn lekt okpuky; ds cktw eSnku esa lHkk gqbZA cyhjke us T;ksa gh Hkk"k.k çkjaHk fd;k R;ksa gh gsM dkaLVscy us mudh fiVkbZ 'kq: dj nhA vktkn 15 feuV rFkk cksyrs jgs rc rd mu ij csar cjlrh jghA cyhjke 1932 ds vkUnksyu esa rhu ckj fxj¶rkj fd, x,A igys nks ckj rks mUgsa NksM+ fn;k x;k exj rhljh ckj N% ekg dh ltk vkSj 50 #i, tqekZuk yxk;k x;kA lu~ 1932 ds lR;kxzg esa Hkkx ysus okys 31 Lo;a lsod ,sls Fks ftudh mez 18 o"kZ ls de FkhA muesa ls chl dks Ms<+ ekg ls ysdj N% ekg dh ltk gqbZA tktZ ij dkfy[k] pfpZy tys cyhjke vktkn dh fxj¶rkjh ds ckn okuj lsuk dk dk;ZØe rks can gks x;kA ijarq 1942 esa ^djks ;k ejks* dk vkºoku gksrs gh jk;iqj ds fd'kksj vkanksyu ds ekxZ ij py iM+sA 1942 ds vxLr ds vafre fnuksa esa gfj Bkdqj vkSj jke—".k xqIrk us lsaVi‚y Ldwy esa frjaxk Qgjk fn;kA jke—".k xqIrk rks fxj¶rkj gks x, ysfdu gfj Bkdqj Hkwfexr gks x,A 6 flracj dks cky lekt yk;czsjh ls pfpZy dk tukt fudykA czkã.kikjk ds 60&70 yM+ds gfj Bkdqj] çk.kukFk frokjh] gy?kj nhoku] jkelgk; frokjh] uUnfd'kksj ikaMs;] cynso xqIr] jkeukFk nqcs vkSj jkexksiky 'kqDy lnjcktkj] ,MoMZ jksM gksrs catkjh pkSd igqapsA rHkh ogka iqfyl vk /kedhA iqrys dks vkx yxkdj gfj Bkdqj iqu% Qjkj gks x, ysfdu 32 dks fxj¶rkj fd;k x;kA pfpZy ngu dk flyflyk nks ekg rd pykA fd'kksjksa ds bl dk;ZØe esa lR;ukjk;.k 'kekZ] c`tyky 'kekZ] cæh] —".kk] jkefugky] txnh'k] xkso/kZu 'kekZ] iadtyky frokjh] fclqu/ kj nhoku dh eq[; Hkwfedk FkhA iqfyl var rd tuktk fuekZ.k LFky dk irk ugha yxk ldhA 1942 ds vkanksyu esa iadtyky frokjh vkSj egknsoçlkn ikaMs; fxj¶rkj gq, rc mudh mez egt 15&16 o"kZ gh FkhA ,Mh,e dks ulhgr ,d fnu ds;wj Hkw"k.k 20&25 cPpksa Fkk tqywl ysdj czkã.kikjk ls xka/kh pkSd ds fy, fudysA jkLrs esa gh dksrokyh gSA ogka ,Mh,e ts- Mh- dsjkokyk cSBs FksA os dksrokyh ds Hkhrj igqap x, vkSj dsjkokyk dks dgus yxs&^vki vaxzstksa dh ukSdjh NksM+ nhft,A vaxzst vki tSls fgUnqLrkfu;ksa ds cy ij gh jkt dj jgs gSaA ns'k vktkn gks tk,xk rc vkidks blls Hkh vPNh ukSdjh fey tk,xhA^ ds;wj Hkw"k.k dks ulhgr dk buke feyk dksrokyh dh dksBjhA ?kaVksa ckn mUgsa dksrokyh ls i<+kbZ djus dh ulhgr nsdj NksM+ fn;k x;kA ysfdu nks&pkj fnuksa ds ckn os fQj tqywl ysdj dksrokyh igqap x, vkSj iqfyl okyksa dks ukSdjh NksM+ nsus dh lh[k nsus yxsA fdarq bl ckj mUgsa tsy dh ltk gqbZA fcykliqj dh okuj lsuk fcykliqj esa Nk=ksa dk laxBu 1928 esa gh cu pqdk FkkA og laxBu okuj lsuk ds uke ls fo[;kr FkkA blds laxBudrkZ Fks oklqnso nsojlA okuj lsuk ds Nk= fons'kh diM+s] 'kjkc vkSj fons'kh oLrqvksa dh nqdkuksa ij /kjuk nsrs FksA lfou; voKk vkUnksyu ds fnuksa esa okuj lsuk vR;Ur lfØ; jghA lu~ 1930 esa fnokdj dkyhZdj ds usr`Ro esa okuj lsuk us igys rkM+h dh nqdkuksa ij /kjuk nsus dk y{; cuk;kA ,d nqdku dks ywVdj rkM+h Qsad nh xbZA dkyhZdj fxj¶rkj dj fy, x,A ØkfUr dqekj Hkkjrh; okuj lsuk ds çsjd vkSj ekxZn'kZd FksA ^x<+okyh fnol* ds fnu okuj lsuk us Hkh tqywl fudkykA okuj lSfudksa dks fxj¶rkj dj 'kgj ls yxHkx 4 ehy nwj NksM+ fn;kA vxLr lu~ 1930 esa fnokdj vkSj fo'oukFk ikaMs us Økafr dqekj Hkkjrh; ls fcykliqj ds 'kkldh; gkbZ Ldwy esa / ot Qgjkus dk vkxzg fd;kA 'kkldh; gkbZ Ldwy esa Hkh >.Mk Qgjk fn;k x;kA /ot 3 fnuksa rd Qgjkrk jgkA gsMekLVj dh fjiksVZ ij iqfyl tc >.Mk mrkjdj okil vk jgh Fkh] rc Nk=ksa us iqfyl dh ykjh jksd yh vkSj Mªk;Ogj o 2 flikfg;ksa dh fiVkbZ dj nhA bl ckj dkyhpj.k dks nQk 253 esa 6 ekg dk lJe dkjkokl fn;k x;kA muds lkFk jkefd'kksj Hkh fxj¶rkj fd, x, FksA HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 33
jk;iqj esa l'kL= Økafr dk ç;kl 1942 esa jk;iqj ds ijljke lksuh l'kL= Økafr ds ç;kl esa tqVs FksA ysfdu 15 tqykbZ dks fe= f'kouanu dh eq[kfcjh ds dkj.k fxj¶rkj dj fy, x,A xksycktkj esa fxfjyky jgrs FksA lksuh th us muls fjokYoj vkSj rhu dkjrwl fy, vkSj f'kouanu ds lkFk ykSV x,A tSls gh os lk;dy ls lnj cktkj jksM igqaps R;ksa gh f'kouanu us ?kaVh ctkbZA ?kaVh ctrs gh dsaæh; lhvkbZMh ds baLisDVj ujsaæ flUgk] vaxzst Mh,lih vkSj flVh baLisDVj mu ij VwV iM+sA lksuh th le> x, xíkjh gks pqdh gSA lksuh th Bk- I;kjsyky flag] ekSykuk jÅQ vkSj HkwrukFk cSuthZ ls cgqr çHkkfor FksA HkwrukFk cSuthZ ukxiqj "kM;a= dsl esa 6 lky iwjh dj ykSVs FksA lksuh th dks Økafrdkjh dfo jktukanxko ds dqatfcgkjh pkScs ds firk Nfcyky pkScs ds ikl ls 32 cksj dh fjokYoj feyhA mUgksaus mldh udy dj gw&c&gw nwljk fjokYoj rS;kj dj fy;kA fxfjyky eqaxsj ls jk;iqj vkdj canwd lq/kkjus dk dke djrs FksA mudk laca/k pVxkao ds Økafrdkfj;ksa ls FkkA os nksuksa vkj,ebZ odZ~l vkSj jk;iqj ¶yksj fey ds dkjhxjksa ls lkefxz;ka gkfly djrs vkSj lksuh th ds ?kj esa fjokYoj rS;kj djrsA M‚- fofiufcgkjh lwj vkSj muds HkkbZ fuf[kyHkw"k.k lwj ls mUgsa jlk;u 'kkL= dh fdrkc feyh ftlds vk/kkj ij ce cukuk lh[k x,A mUgksaus bZ'oj flag ifjgkj ls fidfjd ,flM ls ce cukus dk gquj Hkh lh[k fy;kA foLQksVd ds fy, lkefxz;ka ç/kkuk/;kid Bk- Kku flag vfXuoa'kh vius ,aXyks oukZdwyj Ldwy dh ç;ksx'kkyk ls vkSj gksjhyky lhih esfMdy LVkslZ ls miyC/k djkus yxsA tYn gh lksuh th VkbZe ce] iksft'ku ce vkSj Leksd ce cukus esa n{k gks x,A /khjs&/khjs ijljke lksuh dk ny c<+us yxkA ekyoh; jksM dk vksfj;saVy gksVy Økafrdkfj;ksa dk feyu LFky FkkA ijljke lksuh bruh xksiuh;rk cjrrs Fks fd jkst feyus okys vksfj;saVy gksVy ds muds lkfFk;ksa dks Hkh tkudkjh ugha Fkh fd os lHkh ,d gh edln ls dke dj jgs gSaA fxj¶rkjh ds ckn lksuh th ds ?kj dh ryk'kh gqbZ] dqN Hkh vkifÙktud oLrq ugha feyhA ij ryk'kh ds nkSjku dqN i=ksa esa muds lkfFk;ksa ds uke&irs fey x,A /kj&idM+ 'kq: gks xbZA çse oklfud ljdkjh xokg cu x;kA Øe'k% fxfjyky] Mk- lwj] eaxy feL=h] dqatfcgkjh] n'kjFk yky pkScs] lq/khj eq[kthZ] nsohdkar >k] gksjhyky] lqjsaæukFk nkl] Økafrdqekj Hkkjrh;] —".kkjko fFkVs] lhrkjke feL=h] lej flag vkSj HkwisaæukFk eq[kthZ tsy igqapk fn, x,A Hkkjrh; j{kk vf/kfu;e] vkeZ~l ,DV vkSj ,DlIyksflo lClVsal ,DV ds rgr ekeyk pykA vfHk;qäksa dh vksj ls jk;iqj ds fnXxt odhyksa ,e- HkknqM+h] ih- HkknqM+h] pkanksjdj] isa<kjdj] vgen vyh] csuhçlkn frokjh vkSj pqUuhyky vxzoky us iSjoh dhA 'kklu dh vksj ls eqdnek yM+us 'kgj dk dksbZ odhy rS;kj ugha gqvkA vaxzst vkeZ~l ,DliVZ rks ;g ekuus ds fy, gh rS;kj ugha Fkk fd fjokYoj ^gsaM esaM* gSA mlus ijljke dh ^dkjhxjh* dh Hkjs dksVZ esa rkjhQ dhA f'kouanu ds vykok lej flag Hkh ljdkjh xokg cu x;kA 27 vçSy 1943 dks fxfjyky dks 8 o"kZ] ijljke lksuh ijljke lksuh fxfjyky fuf[kyHkq”k.k lwj fofiufcgkjh lwj n’kjFkyky pkScs nsohdkUr >k gksjhyky —”.kjko fFkVs lhrkjke ‘kekZ lq/khj eqdthZ Økafrdqekj Hkkjrh; 34 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
dks 7] HkwisUæukFk eq[kthZ dks 3] Økafrdqekj vkSj lq/khj eq[kthZ dks nks&nks lky] n'kjFkyky pkScs] nsohdkar >k] lqjsaæukFk nkl dks ,d&,d o"kZ dh ltk lqukbZ xbZA eaxy feL=h dks ukS] vkSj —".kjko fFkVs dks N% ekg dh dBksj ltk gqbZA dqatfcgkjh pkScs rFkk lwj ca/kqvksa ij nks"k fl) ugha gks ik;kA ij M‚- lwj dks MhvkbZvkj ds rgr tsy esa gh j[kk x;kA j.kohj flag 'kkL=h ml oä xq#dqy dkaxM+h esa FksA blfy, mudh fxj¶rkjh ugha gqbZA ltk ds f[kykQ ukxiqj gkbZdksVZ esa vihy nk;j dh xbZA tfLVl fu;ksxh us HkwisaæukFk eq[kthZ] lq/khj eq[kthZ] —".kjko fFkVs vkSj nsohdkar >k dks cjh dj fn;kA ijljke lksuh us vihy djus ls badkj dj fn;k FkkA ebZ 1946 esa Hkxr flag ds lkFkh Økafrdkjh t;nso diwj jk;iqj vk,A xka/kh pkSd dh lHkk esa mUgksaus ijljke lksuh dh fjgkbZ dh ekax dhA ltk dkV dj fjgk gks pqds Økafrdqekj Hkkjrh; vkSj lq/khj eq[kthZ us ukxiqj tkdj eq[;ea=h ia- jfo'kadj 'kqDy ls ijljke vkSj fxfjyky dh fjgkbZ dh vihy dhA 26 twu 1946 dks os nksuksa fjgk dj fn, x,A vaxzstksa ds fjd‚MZ esa ;g ekeyk ^jk;iqj "kM;a= dsl* ds uke ls çfl) gSA Mk;ukekbV dk /kekdk 'kkafr dbZ ckj rwQku ds iwoZ Hkh O;kIr gksrh gSA ,d /kekdk gqvk Fkk tsy dh nhokj dks mM+kus ds fy,A jk;iqj ds cfu;kikjk fuoklh fcy[kukjk;.k vxzoky 1942 esa ujflagiqj ds [kknh HkaMkj esa dk;Zjr FksA 1942 esa mUgksaus [kknh HkaMkj dh ukSdjh ls bLrhQk nsdj Hkwfexr gks x,A fcy[kukjk;.k vxzoky tcyiqj pys x,A ogka muds gkFk ,d Mk;ukekbV yx x;kA fdlh rjg fNirs vkSj cprs os jk;iqj igqapsA ç'u Fkk Mk;ukekbV dk D;k mi;ksx fd;k tk,\ mUgksaus ukxjnkl ls bldh ppkZ dhA fcy[kukjk;.k] ukxjnkl] ukjk;.k nkl] bZ'ojhpj.k 'kqDy] t;ukjk;.k ikaMs; us tsy dh nhokj dks mM+kus dh ;kstuk cukbZA vuqeku Fkk fd Mk;ukekbV ls tsy dh nhokj mM+k dj cUnh lkfFk;ksa dks NqM+k;k tk ldrk gSA ,d jkr lkFkh f'kockyd jke xaxys ds lkFk t;ukjk;.k ikaMs; us tsy dh nhokj esa Mk;ukekbV yxk fn;kA ckdh lkFkh pkSdlh djus yxsA foLQksV gqvk] exj nhokj dks vis{kkuqlkj {kfr ugha igqaphA Økafrdkjh vius mís'; esa Hkys gh foQy jgs ysfdu muds nqLlkgfld dkjukes ls fczfV'k ç'kklu HkkSapd jg x;kA LFkkuh; vf/kdkfj;ksa dks tkap esa [kkyh gkFk jguk iM+kA lsaVªy baVsfytsal dh Vhe jk;iqj vkbZ ysfdu lky Hkj rd og Hkh va/ksjs esa gkFk&ikao pykrh jghA ?kVuk dh vkap ean iM+us yxh Fkh fd 'kkjnk pkSd ds ,d iku dh nqdku esa t;ukjk;.k ikaMs; ds ,d lkFkh ds eqag ls /kekds ds fo"k; esa dqN ckrsa fudy xbZA ikaM;sth nwljs gh fnu fxj¶rkj dj fy, x,A exj muds fo#) iqfyl dksbZ çek.k bdëk ugha dj ldh vkSj mUgsa fjgk dj fn;k x;kA mlls iwoZ bZ'ojhpj.k 'kqDy vkSj ukjk;.knkl dks ySVj c‚Dl tykus o VsyhQksu ds rkj dkVus ds vkjksi esa tsy Hkstk tk pqdk FkkA ukxjnkl] fcy[kukjk;.k vxzoky vkSj f'kockyd jke xaxsys Qjkj gks x,A ukxjnkl dks ?kVuk ds pkj lky ds ckn lkxj esa vkSj fcy[kukjk;.k dks jk;iqj esa fxj¶rkj fd;k x;kA exj xaxsys th dHkh iqfyl ds gkFk ugha yxsA 'kk;n blfy, mUgsa Lora=rk laxzke lsukuh dk lEeku Hkh ugha fey ik;kA NÙkhlx<+ esa taxy lR;kxzg NÙkhlx<+ esa ty vkSj taxy ds la?k"kZ dk bfrgkl iqjkuk gSA ty vkSj taxy ds fy, gq, lR;kxzgksa dks ge tax&,&vktknh le>rs gSa D;ksafd muesa Hkh mu O;fä;ksa dh ekStwnxh ;k çsj.kk ;k nksuksa Fkh tks ns'k dh vktknh dh yM+kbZ yM+ jgs FksA ty vkSj taxy ds la?k"kZ esa NÙkhlx<+ us egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA vQlksl bl ckr dk gS fd bfrgkl esa mu ?kVukvksa dk mYys[k çlaxo'k dj fn;k tkrk gSA ,slk dj ge cfynkuksa dks Hkh utjvankt dj nsrs gSaA daMsy ugj lR;kxzg] uxjh] flgkok vkSj uokikjk&rkuoV dk taxy lR;kxzg rFkk cnjkVksyk dk taxy lR;kxzg fcy[kukjk;.k vxzoky t;ukjk;.k ikaMs; f’kockyd jke xaxsys ukxjnkl jkBkSj HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 35
fczfV'k ç'kklu ds rqxydh Qjeku dk urhtk FkkA vkns'kksa ds ikyu ds fy, ftl rjg vaxzstksa ds Hkkjrh; dkfjanksa us tksj&tcnZLrh vkSj vekuoh;rk dk uewuk is'k fd;k mlls la?k"kZ dks vkSj vf/kd cy feykA lp esa xaobZ&xkao ds NÙkhlxf<;ksa us vnE; la?k"kZ'khyrk vkSj vuq'kklu dh felky dk;e dh gSA [ksn gS] bfrgkl ds iUuksa ij ntZ la?k"kksaZ dh dFkk dks vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj ij ppkZ ugha fey ldhA daMsy ugj lR;kxzg ,d Lora= la?k"kZ Fkk] fdarq gesa mldh ;kn xka/khth ds çFke NÙkhlx<+ vkxeu ds lanHkZ esa gh vkrh gSA blh rjg uxjh&flgkok taxy lR;kxzg esa vkfnokfl;ksa dk la?k"kZ Hkh çlaxkuqlkj bfrgkl ds iUuksa ij LFkku cuk ikrk gS] tcfd og Hkh ,d Lora= vkanksyu FkkA ns'k dk igyk taxy lR;kxzg uxjh ¼flgkok½ 1922 vkfnokfl;ksa dk thou ouksa ij fuHkZj gSA mudh vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ ouksa ls gh gksrh gSaA fdUrq vaxzsth 'kklu esa ouksRiknuksa ij ljdkjh vf/kdkj gks x;k vkSj vkfnoklh viuh NksVh&NksVh vko';drkvksa ds fy, HkVdus yxsA ou vf/kdkjh bu ouokfl;ksa ls csxkj ysrs FksA mudh pjh&fuLrkjh ds ijEijkxr vf/kdkj lekIr dj fn, x,A muds pjh&fuLrkjh] ijEijkxr vf/kdkj FkkA vc os tykus ds fy, Hkh ydM+h ysus tkrs rks ekj [kkuh iM+rh Fkh] tqekZuk nsuk iM+rk FkkA [ksrh rFkk ?kjksa ds fy, ckal] cYyh] MkaMh ds fy, ou vf/kdkfj;ksa ij fuHkZj jguk iM+rk FkkA ;s vf/ kdkjh muls euekuk iSlk olwyrs FksA eos'kh ;fn taxy esa pjus ?kql tkrs rks mUgsa dkath gkml esa Mky fn;k tkrk FkkA vkfnokfl;ksa dks eosf'k;ksa ds fy, pkjk tqVkuk Hkh ,d cM+h leL;k cu xbZ FkhA lu~ 1922 ds tuojh ekg ds çFke lIrkg esa uxjh dks dsUæ cukdj lR;kxzg dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZA bl lR;kxzg ds lw=/kkj Fks ';keyky lkseA e/;çns'k esa gh ugha oju~ ns'k esa ;g igyk taxy lR;kxzg Fkk ftldk lw=ikr Lo;a vkfnokfl;ksa us fd;k FkkA egkleqan rglhy esa lR;kxzg rRdkyhu egkleqan rglhy ds uokikjk&rkuoV] reksjk vkSj [kfj;kj esa gq, taxy lR;kxzg dks Hkh lanHkZo'k mYysf[kr fd;k tkrk gSA bu LFkkuksa esa fczfV'k ç'kklu us neu dk ,slk Hkh"k.k –'; mifLFkr fd;k Fkk fd 1931 esa egkdks'ky dkaxzsl desVh dks jk;iqj ftyk dkaxzsl desVh ls ekeys dh tkap djus dks dguk iM+kA Bk- I;kjsyky flag ml le; egkdks'ky dkaxzsl desVh ds ea=h FksA muds usr`Ro esa ia- Hkxorhçlkn feJ] ;fr ;ruyky] 'kadjjko xuksnokys vkSj ekSykuk jÅQ [kka us çHkkfor xkaoksa dk nkSjk fd;k vkSj ihfMrksa ds c;ku ntZ fd,A ek= 4&5 fnuksa dh gh eksgyr tkap ny ds ikl FkhA Bk-I;kjsyky flag us Lohdkj fd;k gS fd tkap djus o fjiksVZ cukus dk mUgsa i;kZIr le; ugha feykA ysfdu lkS ls vf/kd ihfMrksa ds c;kuksa ls ;g vuqeku fd;k gh tk ldrk gS fd egkleqan rglhy esa fdl dnj vR;kpkj fd;k x;k FkkA ;fn ,sls vR;kpkj jk;iqj ds fudV xzkeksa esa fd;k x;k gksrk rks Hkh"k.k çfrfØ;k ns[kus dks feyrh] blesa lansg ugha gSA tkap ds ckn jk;iqj o‚j dkSafly us ,d flrEcj ls taxy lR;kxzg dk fu.kZ; fd;kA lapkyu dk nkf;Ro 'kadjjko xuksnokys dks lkSaik x;kA 6 flrEcj dks xzke yHkjk esa çeq[k O;fä;ksa dh cSBd esa vfjenZu fxjh dks fMDVsVj fu;qä fd;k x;kA lR;kxzg dh frfFk 8 flrEcj r; dh xbZA xzkeh.kksa dh csne fiVkbZ dh xbZ] Hkkjh vFkZnaM olwy fd;k x;k] yksxksa ds ?kjksa ls udnh vkSj vkHkw"k.k rks ywVs gh x, pkoy] ?kh] lCth] cdjh] eqxhZ&eqxkZ] xk;&cSy Hkh fNu fy, x,A bruk gh ugha jkaik] dqnkjh] Vafx;k] clwyk tSls —f"k vkStkjksa dks Hkh ugha NksM+k x;kA mYys[kuh; rF; gS egkleqan esa gq, taxy lR;kxzg esa iq#"kksa dh vis{kk efgykvksa us lkgl dk ifjp; fn;kA egkleqan taxy lR;kxzg esa lfEefyr cgqr ls bykds vc vksfM'kk jkT; esa lfEefyr gks pqds gSaA #æh taxy lR;kxzg&1930 21 vxLr 1930 dks /kerjh esa ,d o`gn~ lHkk dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA bl lHkk esa ljdkjh taxy esa ?kkl dkV dj lR;kxzg djus dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZA lR;kxzg lapkyu ds fy, ;q) lfefr dk xBu fd;k x;kA ia-ukjk;.k jko es?kkokys ;q) lfefr ds çFke fMDVsVj fu;qä fd, x,A 22 vxLr 1930 dks lw;ksZn; ds lkFk gh uRFkwth txrki 36 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
rFkk ukjk;.kjko es?kkokys muds ?kjksa esa gh fxj¶rkj dj fy, x, vkSj jk;iqj tsy Hkst fn, x,A tks lR;kxzg #æh uokxkao ls vkjaHk gksus okyk Fkk] og bu usrkvksa ds ?kj ls gh 'kq# gks x;kA tsy tkrs&tkrs ukjk;.kjko th us vius&vius LFkku ij NksVsyky ckcw dks fMDVsVj ?kksf"kr dj fn;kA oÙkZeku esa #æh fo'kky cka/k ds fy, çfl) gSA 'kgknr 9 flrEcj dks lR;kxzfg;ksa dk tRFkk igqapkus ds fy, nl&ckjg gtkj yksxksa dk tqywl fudykA nks&<kbZ cts nksigj dks lR;kxzgh :æh ls uokxkao dh vksj pys fd dqN gh nwj ij iqfyl ny us yksxksa ij ykfB;ka cjlkuk 'kq# fd;kA bl HkxnM+ esa ,d iqfyl lc baLisDVj rFkk ,d flikgh ?kk;y gks x,A iqfyl dguk Fkk fd HkhM+ us iqfyl ij iRFkj cjlk, ftlls mUgsa pksV vkbZA turk dk dguk gS fd HkhM+ ds /kDds ls os iFkjhyh txg ij fxj iM+s FksA bl pksV ls ckS[kyk dj iqfyl us HkhM+ ij xksyh pykus dk vkns'k fn;kA xksfy;ka nks lR;kxzfg;ksa&yedsuh xzke ds feUnw dqEgkj rFkk jruw dks yxhA os ogha fxj iM+sA lSdM+ksa yksxksa dks pksVsa vkbZA feUnw rFkk jruw dks ?kk;y voLFkk esa gh fxj¶rkj dj jk;iqj tsy Hkst fn;k x;kA feUnw dh 11 flrEcj 1930 dks tsy esa e`R;q gks xbZA :æh taxy lR;kxzg ds 'kghn ds uke ls feUnw Lok/khurk laxzke ds bfrgkl esa vej gks x,A crk;k tkrk gS fd ckn esa jruw dh Hkh jk;iqj tsy esa e`R;q gks xbZA ysfdu bldk dksbZ fjd‚MZ ekStwn ugha gSA xêkflYyh taxy lR;kxzg 1930 xêkflYyh esa twu 1930 esa 300 eosf'k;ksa dks 'kkldh; dwi esa ?kkl pjkbZ ds vijk/k esa dkath gkml esa Mky fn;k x;kA fdlkuksa us eosf'k;ksa dks NqM+kus ou foHkkx ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ls vuqjks/k fd;k] ysfdu os ugha ekusA bldh lwpuk ukjk;.kjko QM.kohl] uRFkw th txrki rFkk ckcw NksVsyky JhokLro ds nh xbZA ;s usrk 50 Lo;alsodksa dk ny ysdj xzke xêkflYyh igqapsA [kcj feyrs gh /kerjh vkj{kh ou foHkkx ds lfdZy baLisDVj iqfyl cy ds lkFk xzke xêkflYyh tk igqapsA bl le; eosf'k;ksa dh uhykeh ds fy, dkath gkml ls fudkyus dh rS;kjh gks jgh FkhA Lo;alsod njokts ds lkeus ysV x,A mUgsa gVkus ds fy, mu ij [kkSyrs gqvk ikuh Mkyk x;kA vf/kdkfj;ksa ds mUgsa gVkus ds lHkh ç;ksx vkSj mik; vlQy jgsA var esa eosf'k;ksa dks fu%'kqYd rFkk fu%'krZ NksMus ij mUgsa jkth gksuk iM+kA yksgkjk taxy lR;kxzg&1930 NÙkhlx<+ esa bfrgkl çfl) fdlku vkUnksyu nqxZ ftys esa ujflag çlkn vxzoky rFkk lj;w çlkn vxzoky ds dq'ky vkSj tq>k: usr`Ùo esa pyk, x,A lj;w çlkn ujflag çlkn vxzoky ds NksVs HkkbZ FksA bu nksuksa us vaxzsth lkezkT; ds lkFk Hk;adj la?k"kZ fd;kA muds lkFk bl ;q) esa taxy ds vlgk; vkfnoklh vkSj xkao ds Hkksys&Hkkys —"kd gh FksA ;s nksuksa cU/kq fo|kFkhZ thou ls gh jk"Vªh; vkUnksyuksa esa #fp ysus yxs FksA cM+s HkkbZ ujflag çlkn us viuh f'k{kk iwjh dj odkyr dh fMxzh çkIr dhA mUgksaus odkyr dh fdlkuksa dh] taxy esa cls vkfnokfl;ksa dhA os 9 vxLr 1930 dks iksaMh xzke esa taxy&lR;kxzg dk lapkyu djrs vkSj Hkk"k.k nsrs gq, os fxj¶rkj dj fy, x,A mUgsa 1 o"kZ dk lJe dkjkokl rFkk 200 tqekZuk gqvkA 1932 ds vkUnksyu esa 12 Qjojh dks mUgsa fQj fxj¶rkj dj 6 ekg ds fy, tsy esa Mky fn;k x;kA bl le; mu ij 150 #-tqekZuk gqvkA 4 ebZ 1933 dks fczfV'k gqdwer us mUgsa iqu% fxj¶rkj dj 6 ekg ds fy, tsy esa Mky fn;kA lu~ 1932 ds vkUnksyu esa Hkkx ysus ds dkj.k mudh odkyr dh lun fczfV'k gqdwer us jí dj nhA bruk gh ugha] tsy esa mUgsa vusd çdkj ds d"V fn, FksA [kknh oL=ksa ds vHkko esa mUgksaus tsy esa eghuksa fuoL= jgdj xqtkjsA lu~ 1932 ds vkUnksyu esa HkkbZ lj;w çlkn us Hkh tsy dh ;k=k dh FkhA lj;w çlkn vxzoky o/kkZ vkJe esa jg pqds FksA lu~ 1936 ds pquko esa mUgsa ckyksn esa dkaxzsl ds çpkj vfHk;ku dk nkf;Ro lkSaik x;kA utnhd gh MksaMh yksgkjk tehankjh FkhA ogka nhoku eukjke ik.Ms; dk fdlkuksa ij vkrad FkkA rc lj;w çlkn vxzoky us fdlkuksa dk laxBu rS;kj dj 28 vxLr 1937 dks ekyh?kksjh esa fojkV lHkk dk vk;kstu fd;kA bldk nhoku ij dksbZ çHkko HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 37
ucha iM+kA varr% lR;kxzg vkjaHk gks x;kA lj;w çlkn rhu o"kksaZ rd yxkrkj ?kwe&?kwe dj Hkk"k.k nsrs vkSj vkanksyu dk lapkyu djrs FksA /khjs&/khjs vkanksyu MksaMh&yksgkjk dh lhek,a yka?k dj ikukcjl] pkSdh vkfn tehankfj;ksa esa Hkh QSy x;kA vkanksyu dh rhozrk ls tehankj] vf/kdkjh vkSj iqfyl okys ?kcjk, gq, FksA bl lR;kxzg esa 94 —"kd fxj¶rkj dj jk;iqj tsy Hksts x,A lj;w çlkn rFkk ujflag çlkn vxzoky dks fxj¶rkj dj flouh tsy Hkst fn;k x;k FkkA foMacuk ;g fd 1937 esa çkar esa dkaxzsl eaf=eaMy FkkA ml le; dkaxzsl eaf=eaMy dk vkUnksyu ds çfr D;k :[k Fkk bls lkaln ds;wj Hkw"k.k us bu 'kCnksa esa O;ä fd;k gS&^ftl le; ;g fdlku vkUnksy çkjaHk gqvk Fkk] ml le; le; ia-jfo'kadj 'kqDy f'k{kk ea=h vkSj }fjdk çlkn feJ x`g ea=h FksA bu nksuksa egkuqHkkoksa us fdlkuksa ds mRlkg dks ns[krs gq, e/;LFkrk djus ds mís'; ls vxzoky th dks ukxiqj cqyok;k] ogka ij ekukjke nhoku ds lkFk le>kSrk okrkZ çkjaHk gqbZA ijUrq] le>kSrk ugha gks ldkA Jh }kfjdk çlkn feJk] x`gea=h us /kedh nh] ftls ;qok lj;w çlkn us Lohdkj djrs gq, lR;kxzg vkjaHk dj fn;kA^ ¼NÙkhlx<+ esa xka/kh] i`- 9½ ebZ 1937 dks lj;w çlkn MksaMh ds ikl xqM+dgk xzke esa vu'ku ij cSB x,A 5 ebZ dks dqlqedlk xkao esa fdlkuksa ds fojkV lHkk gqbZA lj;w çlkn vu'ku dh fLFkfr esa gh ml lHkk esa mifLFkr gq, FksA lj;w çlkn 9 fnuksa rd vu'ku ij cSBs jgsA rHkh nqxZ ftyk dkaxzsl desVh ds v/;{k jRukdj >k muds ikl igqaps vkSj fdlkuksa dh ekaxksa dks iwjk djkus dk vk'oklu fn;kA exj u rks muds }kjk fn;k x;k vk'oklu iwjk gqvk vkSj u tqYe dh dgkuh dks gh fojke feykA mYVs] lj;w çlkn vxzoky vkSj oyh eksgEen dks fxj¶rkj dj fy;k x;kA ujflag çlkn ds ?kj dk lkjk lkeku dqdZ dj fy;k x;kA oh-ok;- rkeLdj us vkUnksyudkjh fdlkuksa dh leL;k dks le>k vkSj fo/kk;d dh gSfl;r ls pjh&fuLrkjh ls lacaf/kr ,d fcy çLrqr fd;kA rYdkyhu dfe'uj dkeFk dh v/;{krk esa ,d lfefr xfBr dh xbZA dkeFk us tehankfj;ksa dk nkSjk dj pjh&fuLrkjh gd ij 500 i`"Bksa dk çfrosnu çLrqr fd;kA bl çfrosnu dk ogh gqvk tks cgq/kk gqvk djrk gSA lu~ 1942 esa lj;w çlkn iqu% fxj¶rkj dj fy, x,A os tc rd tsy esa jgs] mUgsa dky dksBjh esa gh j[kk x;k mudh vuqifLFkfr esa ujflax çlkn vxzoky vkUnksyu dk lapkyu djrs jgsA NqbZ[knku taxy lR;kxzg&1939 lu~ 1938 esa ghjkiqj dkaxzsl esa jk"Vªfirk egkRek xka/kh us fj;klrh turk dks vktknh ds vkanksyu esa Hkkx ysus dk vkºoku fd;kA fj;klrksa esa Hkh dkaxzsl us laxBu dks etcwr djus dk vkns'k fn;kA NqbZ[knku] jktukanxkao] [kSjkx<+ vkfn fj;klrksa esa Bkdqj I;kjsyky flag ds ç;klksa ls dkaxzsl laxBu dk fuekZ.k gqvkA blh o"kZ NqbZ[knku esa taxy lR;kxzg vkjaHk gqvkA xkso/kZuyky oekZ] xqykc nkl oS".ko] ve`ryky egksfc;k vkfn us bl lR;kxzg dh ckxMksj lEgkyhA Bk-I;kjsyky flag us vius çeq[k lg;ksxh jkeukjk;.k ^g"kqZy* feJ dks ekxZn'kZu ds fy, do/kkZ HkstkA jktukanxkao esa taxy lR;kxzg dh ckxMksj Bkdqj yksVu flag ds gkFkksa esa FkhA 21 tuojh 1930 dks xzkeokfl;ksa us lR;kxzg djus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA lR;kxzg dh vaxzst ç'kklu dks lwpuk Hkst nh xbZA çkr% dky ls gh yksx Vksfy;ksa esa vkdj cnjkVksyk esa bdës gks jgs FksA nksigj rd Ms<+] nks gtkj yksx bl NksVs xkao esa ,d= gks pqds FksA yxHkx ,d cts dk le; FkkA yksx Hkkstu djds foJke dj jgs FksA pkj cts lR;kxzg dk le; r; fd;k x;k FkkA rHkh rglhynkj lq[knso nsokaxu us 50 l'kL= iqfyl flikfg;ksa ds lkFk xkao esa ços'k fd;kA mlus lR;kxzfg;ksa dk usr`Ùo dj jgs cq/kyky lkgw dks fxj¶rkj fd;kA mldh fxj¶rkjh dk fojks/k djrs gq, jkek/khu vkxs vk,A fojks/k djus ds fy, HkhM+ ,d= gks xbZA rglhynkj pkjksa vksj ls f?kjk gqvk FkkA yksxksa dks mÙksftr ns[kdj rglhynkj Mj ls dkaius yxkA mlus iqfyl dks xksyh pykdj HkhM+ dks frrj&fcrj djus dk vkns'k fn;kA iqfyl dh igyh xksyh jkek/khu ds lhus ij yxhA og ogha ij 'kghn gks x;kA 38 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
xksok eqfä laxzke 1955 lu~ 1510 esa iksrZxhtksa us leqæ ds jkLrs xksok esa ços'k fd;kA 1786 rd laiw.kZ xksok iqrZxkfy;ksa ds v/khu vk x;k FkkA iqrZxkfy;ksa ds f[kykQ igyk foæksg 15 tqykbZ 1583 dks dqadyh esa gqvkA ns'k rks 1947 esa vktkn gks x;k ij xksok dks Lok/khurk ugha feyh FkhA vktknh ds nhokuksa dks ;g Vhl pqHkrh FkhA vusd ç;kl xksok dh eqfä ds fy, gks jgs Fks] ysfdu M‚- jkeeuksgj yksfg;k ds vkºoku ij lcls etcwr la?k"kZ 1955 ls 'kq# gqvkA NÙkhlx<+ ls Hkh xksok eqfä lR;kxzfg;ksa dk ny jokuk gqvkA xksok fycjs'ku ,sM desVh] iw.ks ds lfpo ts-,l- fryd ¼fryd th ds ikS=½ us xksok lsukfu;ksa ij Lekfjdk dk çdk'ku fd;k Fkk ftlesa Hkkjr Hkj ds xksok&lR;kxzfg;ksa dh lwph çdkf'kr gSA lwph esa Øekad 1738 ls 1754 rd jk;iqj vkSj nqxZ ds lsukfu;ksa dk mYys[k gSA jk;iqj ls gfjukjk;.k flag Bkdqj ¼gfj Bkdqj½] jkek/kkj frokjh] uandqekj ikBd] jkts'oj fxjh] jken;ky ¼igyoku½] çrkipan tSu] jkeukjk;.k xqIrk] ';keyky ijk'kj vkSj ?ku';ke Bkdqj ¼jkfte½] nqxZ ls lfpaæ ukFk xkaxqyh] jke Hkjksls] ekf.kd 'kekZ] ch-,y- fd'ku yky nqcs] ujsaæ gjdkus] y{ehukjk;.k lk/kq] ole flag jktw Bkdqj] ekaxhyhy vktkn] Hkkjr ;kno] [kwchjke d';i] xka/khjke lkgw] ds;wj- Hkw"k.k 'kekZ] fcl: jke ;kno] ckykjke tks'kh] 'kjn jk;tknk] gfjgj çlkn 'kekZ] jktukaxkao ls ekstsl ewypan vkfn gSaA jk;iqj ds ny us 15 vxLr dks xksok esa ços'k fd;k FkkA mlesa uandqekj ikBd 'kkfey ugha Fks] tcyiqj ds tRFks ds lkFk FksA 'ks"k O;fä;ksa ds fo"k; esa eSa tkudkfj;ka vHkh rd ugha tqVk ik;k gwa] ç;kl dj gh jgk gwaA ;gka mu xksok eqfä lR;kxzfg;ksa ds fo"k; esa gh laf{kIr tkudkfj;ka ns jgk gwa ftuds uke NÙkhlx<+ 'kklu dh vksj ls dsaæ ljdkj dks Hksts x, FksA xka/kh jke lkgw xka/kh jke jke lkgw dk tUe nqxZ esa 20 tqykbZ 1924 dks gqvk FkkA firk #gsyk vkSj ekrk cqf/k;kfju ckbZ FkhaA çkFkfed f'k{kk xzke v.Mk esa gqbZ FkhA vktknh dh xwat ls v.Mk Hkh vNwrk u jgkA xka/kh jke lkgw vkSj muds fe= n'kjFk yky paækdj] ea=h yky flUgk vkSj psru yky paækdj Hkh jk"Vªh; vkanksyu esa lfEefyr gksus yxsA muds xkao ljs[kk dks xkSjo xzke ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA * 18 o"kZ dh mez esa os 1942 ds vkanksyu esa 'kkfeyA * xksok ls ykSV dj os xzke ljs[kk esa cl x,A mUgksaus lkekftd Åap&uhp dks lekIr djus vkSj lejlrk ds fy, thou Hkj ç;klA * 15 vxLr 1955 dks flouh ds fo/kk;d vCnqy jgeku Qk:dh ds ny ds lkFk xksok ços'kA os nqxZ ls çLFkku djus okys ny ds lkFk FksA vU; lR;kxzfg;ksa ds lkFk fxj¶rkjA * 1969 esa mudh deZ Hkwfe xzke v.Mk dk ukedj.k ia- ';kekpj.k 'kqDy us ^xka/kh uxj* fd;kA nsgkolku% 15 ebZ 1992A ckykjke tks'kh ckykjke tks'kh dk tUe pkS= cnh 12] foØe laor 1880 ¼lu~ 1924½ dks nqxZ esaA firk jkepaæ tks'kh ,oa ekrk lqHkæk nsohA f'k{kk nqxZ esaA lkoZtfud thou% lu~ 1942 ds Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu lsA vtqZUnk esa lR;kxzg] fxj¶rkj dj jk;iqj tsy Hkstk x;kA fdUrq ,d fnu ds ckn gh fjgkA * M‚- ikV.kdj] cPNjkt O;kl ,oa egknso çlkn frokjh ds lkFk xksok vkanksyu esaA * xksok Lora=rk lsukuh la?k ¼e- ç-½ ds dk;Zdkfj.kh lnL;A vf[ky Hkkjrh; xksok eqfä vkanksyu ds egkjk"Vª] e- ç-] NÙkhlx<+ ds egklfpo] Lora=rk laxzke lsukuh la?k] nqxZ ds lfpo] çkarh; Lora=rk laxzke lsukuh la?k ds dk;Zdkfj.kh lnL; vkSj jk;iqj ds 'kghn Lekjd Hkou fuekZ.k ds fy, xfBr lfefr ds Hkh lnL;A nsgkolku% 28 vxLr 2012 nqxZ esaA HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 39
'kjn jk;tknk 'kjn jk;tknk dk tUe nqxZ esa 2&10&1926 dks gqvkA firk }kfjdk çlkn rFkk ekrk lwjt dqaojA f'k{kk nqxZ esaA * 1943 ukSlsuk esa p;uA cacbZ ukSlSfud foæsg esa 'kkfey gksus ds dkj.k 1946 esa lsok ls c[kkZLrA 22 Qjojh 1946 dks ljnkj iVsy us lHkh i{kksa ls 'kkafr dh vihy dhA la?k"kZ rks 'kkar gks x;k fdUrq ukSlsuk ds vf/kdka'k lSfud bl la?k"kZ esa 'kkfey gksus ds cgkus lsok ls vyx dj fn;s x;sA ,sls gh lSfudksa esa 'kjn jk;tknk Hkh FksA * 1955 750 yksxksa ds ny ds lkFk xksok ds lqjys xkao igqapsA iksrZxkt lSfudksa us fxj¶rkj dj ekjihV dhA ikuh rd ugha fn;k x;kA lSfudksa xksyh pykbZ] dqN ?kk;y gq, vkSj ,d dh ekSr gks xbZA nsgkolku% 30 tuojh 1970 Bk- gfjukjk;.k flag Bk- gfjukjk;.k flag dk tUe 16 vxLr 1927 dks jk;iqj esaA os gfj Bkdqj ds uke ls gh ifjfpr gSaA firk Bk- I;kjsyky flag vkSj ekrk xkserh nsohA f'k{kk ch- ,-] ,y- ,y- ch- jk;iqj vkSj ukxiqjA fo/kkulHkk esa J)katfy vfiZr djrs gq, eq[;ea=h vthr tksxh us gfj Bkdqj dks ^yhfoax bUlk;DyksihfM;k* dgk FkkA lkoZtfud thou% 1942 ds vkanksyu esa xouZesaV Ldwy esa >aMk Qgjk;k] fxj¶rkj] 'kke dks fjgkA Ldwy ls jsfLVdsVA pfpZy ds iqrys dk tuktk fudkyuk] iqryk tykuk vkSj ukjsckth dj vkanksyu dk çpkj&çlkjA * 1954 Hkwnku dh if=dk ^lkE; ;ksx* ds lg;ksxh laikndA t;çdk'k ukjk;.k ls ifjp;A lektoknh vkanksyuksa esa lfØ;A * 1955 ls 1966 rd jk;iqj esa odkyrA * 15 vxLr 1955 xksok esa iksrZxht QkSt us fxj¶rkj fd;kA * 1956 esa M‚- [kwcpan c?ksy }kjk LFkkfir NÙkhlx<+h egklHkk ds la;qä lfpoA * 1956 bfrgkl ds iUuksa ls lksuk[kku ds tehnkj ukjk;.k flag dh [kkst dj 1857 ds NÙkhlx<+ ds ^çFke 'kghn* ds :i esa çfrf"Br fd;kA * 1960 NÙkhlx<+ fganh lkfgR; lEesyu v/;{kA * 1966 lkIrkfgd ^jk"Vªca/kq* dk iquiZzdk'kuA * 1967 M‚- [kwcpan c?ksy us NÙkhlx<+ Hkzkr` la?k ds egklfpoA * 1992 NÙkhlx<+ jkT; ds fy, loZnyh; eap ds xBu ds fy, la;kstdA eap ds v/;{kh; eaMy esaA * vusd lkfgfR;d vkSj lkaL—frd laLFkkvksa dh LFkkiukA * NÙkhlx<+ ds çkphu bfrgkl vkSj iqjkrRo dks mn~?kkfVr djus okys 'kks/k ys[kksa vkSj fuca/kksa dk ys[kuA * 24 ys[k vkSj dfork laxzg çdkf'kr] 16 laikfnr xzaFkA * gfj Bkdqj ij dsafær 7 iqLrdksa dk çdk'kuA muds O;fäRo vkSj —frRo ij nks ih&,p- Mh- dh mikf/k rFkk rhu y?kq 'kks/k çca/kA * l`tu lEeku] NÙkhlx<+ fganh lkfgR; lEesyu vkSj NÙkhlx<+h lkfgR; lfefr dh vksj ls mudh Le`fr esa lEeku çnku fd, tk jgs gSaA * dq'kkHkkÅ Bkdjs i=dkfjrk ,oa tu lapkj fo'ofo|ky;] jk;iqj gfj Bkdqj dh Le`fr esa Qsyksf'ki çnku dj jgk gSA * NÙkhlx<+ 'kklu us 2013 esa jk;iqj esa ,d Ldwy dk uke gfj Bkdqj m- ek- fo|ky; ?kksf"krA nsgkolku% 3 fnlacj 2001A 40 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
ekstsl ewypUn ekstsl ewypan dk tUe 1929 dks jktukanxkao esaA f'k{kk jktukanxkaoA * 2 vxLr 1955 dks xksok eqfä vkanksyu esa lfEefyrA yDdM+dksV iqfyl pkSdh esa frjaxk >aMk Qgjk;kA bl nkSjku iksrqZxht QkSt dh Qk;fjax esa nks lR;kxzgh 'kghn gq,A * Jfedksa] —"kdksa] nfyrksa vkSj fiNM+s oxZ ds fy, vkthou la?k"kZA * ekstsl jktukanxkao ls nYyh jktgjk tk jgs FksA jkLrs esa ukyk mQku ij FkkA blds ckotwn pkyd us cl dks mQurs gq, ukys esa mrkj fn;kA ikuh ds rst cgko ds dkj.k cl Qal xbZ] ;k=hx.k ftanxh vkSj ekSr ds chp >wyus yxsA ,slh fo"ke fLFkfr esa ekstsl us fgEer fn[kkbZA viuh tku dh ckth yxkdj cl dks mUgksaus ,d o`{k ls cka/k fn;k vkSj 19 ;kf=;ksa dks cl ls fudky dj lqjf{kr LFkku rd igqapk;kA ;kf=;ksa dh thou j{kk djrs os Lo;a Qal dj jg x, vkSj 'kghn gks x,A * Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLV ikVhZ dh nqxZ&jktukanxkao ftyk 'kk[kk ds ea=hA * 1974 esa ekLdks dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds vkae=.k ij lksfo;r la?k dh ;k=kA * uxj ikfydk ifj"kn jktukanxkao Vkadk ikjk okMZ ds çFke ik"kZnA nsgkolku% 1 flracj 1981 uandqekj ikBd uan dqekj ikBd dk tUe 6 fnlacj 1928 dks eaMyk esaA f'k{kk ,e- ,- tcyiqjA Nk= thou esa gh dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds lnL;A * 1955 esa tcyiqj ds lR;kxzfg;ksa ds ny ds lkFk xksok x,A xksok ços'k djrs gh iksrqZxht QkSt dh xksyh ds f'kdkj gq,A * 1965 ls 1973 rd ^iSfVª;kV* ds laoknnkrkA * 1974 esa ^,eih Ø‚fudy* ds lg laikndA * 1972 esa dkaxzsl esa 'kkfeyA * 1978 'kgj ftyk dkaxzsl desVh ds v/;{kA * 1978 esa iqu% ,eih Økfudy esa lsok,aA * 1982 esa ,d ckj fQj ,eih Økfudy esa lfØ;A nsgkolku% 24 ebZ 1989A ge Hkkjr ds yksx NÙkhlx<+ dh nsu 26 uoacj dks ns'k esa lafo/kku fnol euk;k tkrk gS- 1950 esa vkt gh ds fnu geus lafo/kku dks vafx—r fd;k Fkklafo/kku lHkk us 13 fnlacj] 1946 dks Hkkjr ds lafo/kku fuekZ.k ds fy, vkSipkfjd :i ls igy vkjaHk fd;k FkkvDVwcj 1947 ds var esa elkSnk lfefr us ch- ,u- jko }kjk rS;kj fd, x, Mªk¶V lafo/kku ij ppkZ 'kq: dh- lfefr us çk:i esa ifjorZu fd, vkSj fQj 21 Qjojh 1948 dks bls lafo/kku lHkk ds le{k çLrqr fd;k x;k- lafo/kku lHkk ds 165 lnL;ksa esa ls 114 lnL;ksa us Mªk¶V ij 11 l=ksa esa 165 fnu ppkZ dh- 6 fnlacj 1946 dks lafo/kku lHkk dh igyh cSBd gqbZ- lafo/kku fuekZ.k dh çfØ;k esa 2 lky vkSj 11 eghus] 18 fnu yxslafo/kku fuekZ.k esa NÙkhlx<+ NÙkhlx<+ ls Bkdqj Nsnhyky] ia- jfo'kadj 'kqDy] fd'kksjheksgu f=ikBh] jkeçlkn iksVbZ vkSj ?ku';ke flag xqIr lafo/kku lHkk ds lnL; Fks- x.kir jko nkuh dk uke Hkh lh- ih- ,aM cjkj ls euksuhr fd;k x;k Fkk] os jk;iqj ds cw<+kikjk ds fuoklh Fks- ,d vU; uke j?kqohj flag dk Hkh gS- dqN tkudj mUgsa vafcdkiqj fj;klr dk nhoku dgrs gSanqxZ ds ?ku';ke flag xqIr lcls yEcs le; rd lafo/kku fuekZ.k ds dk;Z esa layXu jgs- lafo/kku lHkk esa os la'kks/kuksa ds fy, fu;r frfFk;ksa esa yxHkx 30 fnu rd iwjh dk;Zokgh rd mifLFkr Fks- mUgksaus lafo/kku ds vuqPNsnksa vkSj 'kCnksa HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 41
ds la'kks/kuksa esa vge Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ Fkh- os lafo/kku ds fgUnh Mªk¶V desVh ds v/;{k Fks- muds lkFk 41 fo'ks"kKksa dh Vhe Fkh- vuqokn fo'ks"kK lfefr esa jkgqy lka—R;k;u] M‚- lquhfr dqekj pVthZ] t;pan fo|kyadkj] eksVqfj lR;ukjk;.k vkSj ;'koar vkj- nkrs tSls fo}ku Hkh Fksoh n ihiy vkQ bafM;k 24 tuojh] 1950 dks xqIr th ds usr`Ro esa lafo/kku dk fgUnh Mªk¶V lnu esa çLrqr fd;k x;k- lafo/kku ds ^oh n ihiy vkQ bafM;k^ ds LFkku ij ^ge Hkkjr ds yksx* xqIr th dh gh nsu gSfHkykbZ ds esjs lkfgR;dkj fe= vkSj xqIr th dh thouh ds ys[kd Jh ltho frokjh us fy[kk gS fd lafo/kku lHkk esa xqIr th ds mYys[kuh; cglksa esa 4-11-1948 dks gq, jk"VªHkk"kk ds laca/k esa mudk oäO; eSa ljy fganqLrkuh Hkk"kk dks [kkst jgk gwa ,oa 15-11-1948 dks la?k vkSj jkT; 'kCn ds ç;ksx ds laca/k esa vFkkZUo;u] 18-11-1948 dks la'kks/ku ds çLrkod ds ikl la'kks/ku dk vf/kdkj gksrk gS fd ugha fo"k; ij] 30-11-1948 dks jkT; dh ifjHkk"kk ds laca/k esa ,oa 3-12-1948 dks /keZ ds laca/k esa] 19-5-1949 dks vuqPNsn ds 'kCn ^vkSj&;k^ dk varj] 20-5-1949 ^dsoy^ 'kCn ds ç;ksx] 10-9-1949 dks ^blds ckotwn&c'krsZ fd^ esa varj vkfn ij xaHkhj cglsa ,oa la'kks/ku çLrqr fd, x, gSa- blds vfrfjä 6-12-1948 dks mijk"Vªifr ls okrkZ vkSj 17-09-1949 dks vuqokn lfefr ds xBu ij mudk mn~cks/ku gekjh /kjksgj gSanqxZ esa 22 fnlacj 1885 dks ?ku';ke flag xqIr dk tUe gqvk Fkk- mudh çkFkfed f'k{kk nqxZ ,oa gkbZLdwy dh f'k{kk jk;iqj esa gqbZ FkhA lu 1906 esa tcyiqj ds jkcVZlu d‚yst ls mUgksaus ch,llh dh fMxzh xksYM esMy ds lkFk çkIr dh- mUgksaus lu 1908 esa bykgkckn ls ,y,ych dh mikf/k çkIr dh] fQj xq#dqy dkaxM+h esa fQftDl ds çk/;kid fu;qä gq,- lu~ 1910 esa mUgksaus nqxZ esa odkyr 'kq: dh- 1915 esa e/; çkar ,oa cjkj ds çkarh; ifj"kn ds lnL; pqus x,- xqIr th 1923 ls 1926] 1927&1930 rd lsaVªy çksfoal ,aM cjkj fo/kkulHkk ds fufoZjks/k lnL; fuokZfpr gksdj dkaxzsl ny ds usrk pqus x,- os lu~ 1926 esa nqxZ uxj fuxe ds Hkh v/;{k fuokZfpr gq, Fks- lu~ 1933 esa xka/kh th nqxZ vk, rc xqIr th ds ?kj esa Bgjs Fks- Lora=rk vkUnksyu ds nkSjku xqIr th dbZ ckj fxj¶rkj fd, x, vkSj tsy x,- lu~ 1930 esa dsaæh; /kkjk lHkk ds lnL; pquko esa M‚- gfj flag xkSj dks gjkdj os fuokZfpr gq, os 1937 rd in ij jgs- xqIr th us xouZesaV vkQ bafM;k ,DV lfgr dbZ egRoiw.kZ dkuwuksa dk ç.k;u fd;k ftlesa eky fcØh vf/kfu;e] Hkkxhnkjh vf/kfu;e] cky Je fu"ks/k vf/kfu;e] Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad vf/kfu;e] xUuk vf/kfu;e] foeku vf/kfu;e] isVªksfy;e vf/kfu;e] etnwjh Hkqxrku vf/kfu;e] vk;Z fookg ekU;rk vf/kfu;e] chek vf/kfu;e vkfn gSalu~ 1937 ds var esa latkjh ckyksn ls lh- ih- ,aM cjkj ,lsacyh ds pquko esa os fot;h gq,- os fo/kku lHkk ds v/;{k euksuhr gq,- os vktknh ds ckn gq, çFke fo/kku lHkk ds pquko ¼1952½ gksrs rd yxkrkj lhih ,aM cjkj fo/kku lHkk v/;{k jgs- os jktHkk"kk vk;ksx] Hkkjr ljdkj ds 15-11-1961 ls 13-6-1964 rd lnL; jgs- xqIr th us gh 1963 esa jktHkk"kk vf/ kfu;e dk Mªk¶V rS;kj fd;k Fkk- lu~ 1961&1965 rd os lsaVªy v‚fQf'k;y ySaXost ysftLysfVo deh'ku ds lnL; jgs] ftlesa vkf/kdkfjd :i ls ls ewy dsaæh; dkuwuksa dks fganh esa vuqokn fd;k x;k Fkk- os dsaæh; ,DliVZ Vªkalys'ku desVh ds Hkh lnL; jgs] tks rduhdh 'kCnksa ds fganhdj.k ds fy, dk;Z djrh Fkh- de yksxksa dks gh Kkr gksxk fd os fganqLrku lekpkj jk"Vªh; U;wt ,tsalh ds çFke v/;{k Fks- fjgSfcfyVs'ku Qkbusafl;y ,MfefuLVªs'ku deh'ku] Hkkjr ljdkj ds 10 lky rd os LFkk;h ps;jeSu jgs] tks ikfdLrku ls Hkkjr vk, 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds vkfFkZd iquokZl ls lacaf/ kr Fkkvk'kh"k flag i=dkj] bfrgkl vkSj laL—fr ds v/;srk 413] ,s'o;kZ xYlZ g‚LVy ds ikl] lqanjuxj] jk;iqj ¼NÙkhlx<+½ 492013 laidZ 9340023363 email:sinh-ashish24@gmail-com blog:sumiraonchhattisgarh-org whatsapp group: gfj Bkdqj Lekjd laLFkku 42 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
Sonia Tamrakar Freedom is the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint. It is the state of being free from external control or oppressive restrictions and the power of selfdetermination. Freedom gives power as it allows individuals to act following their values and beliefs rather than having to conform to the standards of others. With greater freedom often comes greater power and opportunity, as individuals can make decisions that will impact their lives. Freedom is a celebration of the power of the individual. It is an opportunity to express yourself and your beliefs, explore new ideas and create your destiny. Freedom allows you to make choices, speak your truth, and live on your terms. It is a celebration of diversity and a recognition of the fundamental rights and liberties that should be afforded to all people. The concepts of freedom and independence refer to the absence of external constraints, restrictions, or limitations on an individual's ability to act, think, or make choices. Freedom is the ability to make decisions without the fear of consequences or coercion, while independence is the state of not being influenced or controlled by someone or something else. Freedom and independence are closely related, as they involve the individual's right to make decisions without external interference. A pure heart seeks freedom for every country's citizens, regardless of race, religion, gender, or social status. A pure heart wants to ensure everyone can live safely and securely, pursue their dreams, and work toward a better future for their families and communities. A pure heart believes in justice and equality for all and that everyone should have the same rights and opportunities. A pure heart knows that freedom is not just a right but a responsibility that must be actively defended and protected. A pure heart is willing to work toward a society where everyone is respected and valued and free to live their lives to the fullest. Republic Day is celebrated on 26th January every year. It is one of India's most important national holidays. It marked the day in 1950 when India's constitution came into effect, and India became a republic, replacing the Government of India Act (1935) as the governing document of India. On this day, the President of India unfurls India's National Flag, and the Prime Minister pays homage to the martyrs of India's freedom struggle. A grand parade is held in New Delhi, and all the states of India celebrate this day uniquely. Republic Day is celebrated with grandeur and enthusiasm, with military parades, flag-hoisting ceremonies, cultural performances, and much more. Every year, a special parade is organized in New Delhi, where the President of India takes the salute. The parade also showcases India's military prowess, with the armed forces marching, and shows India's diverse culture and customs. India's economy has been growing very fast in recent years. This growth is mainly attributed to the HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 43
government's policies of liberalization and privatization, which have attracted foreign investments and increased access to markets. The government has also implemented reforms in the banking and insurance sector, which have led to increased access to credit and capital markets. Moreover, the government has also implemented policies to promote the growth of the digital economy and the startup ecosystem. The growth of e-commerce, fintech, and other digital services has been instrumental in driving economic growth. The government has also taken steps to improve the infrastructure and the business environment, further contributing to strong economic growth. India is the world's largest democracy and the second most populous country after China. It has made great strides in economic development since its independence in 1947, becoming one of the fastestgrowing economies in the world. India is now the fifth-largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity and has become a hub of innovation, entrepreneurship, and technology. India is also one of the world's leading military powers, with the world's third-largest military force, the world's secondlargest air force, and the world's fourth-largest navy. India is also one of the world's leading nuclear powers, with the world's third-largest nuclear arsenal. India is also a leader in many areas of science and technology, including space exploration, biotechnology, and computer sciences. Finally, India is a strong regional power and is rapidly emerging as an influential global player. India is multicultural and multilingual with a rich history, diverse heritage, and beautiful landscapes. We have the world's oldest civilization, which has produced some of the most outstanding scientists, philosophers, mathematicians, and religious leaders. We have produced some remarkable achievements in science, technology, and economics. We are also a great source of art, music, and literature. India is a unique nation, and we are proud to be Indian! Thanks & regards, Sonia Tamrakar (Phd Student NLU Tampa) +19546546294 44 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
Tanuja Keshkar vktknh dk ve`r egksRlo çxfr'khy Hkkjr ds Lora=rk ds ckn 75 o"kZ iwjs gksus ds miy{; esa Hkkjrh; dyk] laL—fr vkSjmiyfC/k;ksa ds xkSjo'kkyh bfrgkl dks ;kn djus vkSj t'u eukus dk mRlo gSA ftlds varxZr gekjs ns'k ds egku Lora=rk laxzkelsukfu;ksa dh la?k"kZ ]cfynku vkSj ;ksxnku dks ;qok ih<+h ds le{k ykus dk ,d ç;kl gSA ,d vçoklh Hkkjrh; gksus ds dkj.k eSa nqfo/kk esa Fkh fd nwj ns'k esa cSBs viuk ikfVZflis'ku dSls nw¡A rHkh eq>s [k;ky vk;k fd esjhdyk rks esjh lcls cM+h rkdr gSA viuh Hkkoukvksa dks vius tkuus okyksa rd igq¡pkus dk]blls vPNk rjhdk vkSj D;k gks ldrk gSA vktknh ds ve`r egksRlo dk vFkZ vktknh dh ÅtkZ dk og ve`r Lora=rk lsukfu;ksa dh Lok/khurk dk ve`r uohu fopkjksa dk ve`r u, ladYiksa dk ve`r vkSj vkRefuHkZjrk dk ve`r ] dyk ] Kku ]foKku ]rduhdh ]laL—fr vFkZO;oLFkk lSU; cy vkSj vU; {ks=ksa esa fodkl ds uohu ç;klksa dk ve`r bl ve`r dh cw¡n ygw cu gj Hkkjrh; ds ul &ul &esa cgrk gS jgs vkSj Hkkjr ns'k vkxs c<+rk jgsA bu ln~ Hkkoukvksa ds lkFk vktknh ds ve`r egksRlo dh gkfnZd 'kqHkdkeuk,¡ ruwtk dsldj HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 45
Implementation of Blockchain in agriculture to Empower the Farmers. Aazadi ka Amrit Mahotsav Today we are living in the 21st century with all the advanced tech-savvy environments from smartphones to the blockchain, Metaverse to the AI world. Indeed, the whole human race moved forward from last century where industrialization and food were the main focus for the human race. When we talk about developing nations like India where food is still on the post light this is not because of supply or demand imbalance but disproportion of the facilities and allocation. When we talk about specifically agriculture sector where Govt came with various schemes, subsidies but still relative situation of the bottom of the pyramid is the as same as earlier compare to other class of the society. Why there is not much sink between the blockchain and other high tech innovative ideas to the founder sector in Agriculture. Jai Johar Jai Chhattisgarh I would like to highlight some basic facts and beautiful tech-savvy solutions. The total geographical area of the state is around 138 lakh ha., with net sown area of 46.51 lakh ha, which is 34% of its geographical area. Our state has the richest bio-diverse area in the country with around 63.5 lakh ha area under forest cover which is 46% of its total geographical area. Total population of the state is around 2.55 crore and 70% of the population is engaged in agriculture. There are around 37.45 lakh farm families in the state with about 80% farmers falling under small & marginal category. Paddy, Soybean, Urd and Arhar are the major crops but paddy (rice) is 68.9% major crop of the state hence known as Rice Bowl of Central India. Nearly 77% of the state is rural. The major agro ecological, technical, socio-economic and marketing constraints perceived by farmer were high cost of pesticide, high cost of labor during peak seasons, less quantity purchased paddy from MSP, effective credit facilities, effective crop insurance, MSP and arrangement for quality inputs including seeds, fertilizers, equipment and farm education. Another factor also impacts including - Dominance of Smallholders, dominance of rural and forest areas, distress sales by farmers, scarcity of capital, lack of market intelligence, menial and lengthy lending process, high transportation cost are the major constraints and area of improvements. All the above challenges can be overcome by empowering the farmer by providing the higher cost of production. Rates are driven by demand and supply whereas supplies are higher at the peak of harvesting so the lower price and after that price are increasing while supply depletes towards the next harvesting cycle. Now as a Tech-Savvy solution - Loan against Warehouse Receipts (WHR) which is backed by asset and used under blockchain technologies will solve the problem at the great proportion. Which has the following benefits 46 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
including - Incremental in income from 25% to 40%, working capital availability for the next crop, funding for the household expenses, freedom from the menace of distress sale, easy participation in forward markets and hedging, reduce income volatility, reduce the govt budget for the subsidies, diminish the banking frauds. By using blockchain in agriculture it will ensure that - no duplicate receipts, stop on multiple lending, online real time loan to farmer, online marketplace, transparency and no intermediary. Blockchain in Agriculture Blockchain will connect - Bank, warehouse, digital lending app, market and trading platforms. Benefits in details in all segment of the ecosystem : It will be great to percolate the success of Aazdi and Blockchain, a greatest tech solution which will by empowering the farmers who are the backbone of the country and our state too. This will be a great contribution to our Aazadi ka Amrit Mahotsav. Jai Jawan - Jai Kisan ! Jai Johar - Jai Chhattisgarh ! Jai Hind By Amit Upadhyay NACHA - UAE HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 47
Glimpse of NACHA Events ILLINOIS - PICNIC ILLINOIS - INDIA DAY ILLINOIS - TEEJ ILLINOIS - DIWALI ILLINOIS - CHRISTMAS ILLINOIS - GANESH AWARD ILLINOIS - HOLI NRI TOP 3 FROM NACHA 48 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09
Glimpse of NACHA Events ILLINOIS - BOWLING NIGHT ILLINOIS - FOOD PACKING LABOR DAY - BORE BASI MICHIGAN- PICNIC MICHIGAN - INDIA DAY MICHIGAN - DIWALI VIRTUAL MEET - CHHATTISGARH STUDENT UAE - MEET HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09 49
CALIFORNIA BAY AREA - DIWALI CALIFORNIA LA - DIWALI CALIFORNIA BAY AREA - HOLI LA - GET TOGETHER FLORIDA - DIWALI FLORIDA - HOLI FLORIDA - TEEJ AANAND MELA TEXAS - FAMILY MEET 50 HAMAR PATRIKA- VOL 09