Resource Guide - TAW 2022

1


Jamaica Resource Guide
RE-THINKING TOURISM
Introduction
For 2022, the WTO theme focuses on the future. As the world seeks to emerge from the global pandemic, there is a growing recognition that tourism’s recovery is critical to reversing the negative impacts of the recent descriptions, but it cannot be business as usual.
As businesses, destinations and government are proactively adapting to meet the challenges, the debate around rethinking tourism for sustainable development is of utmost importance.
According to the UNWTO “Rethinking Tourism” means putting people and planet rst and bringing everyone from governments and businesses to local communities together around a shared vision for a more sustainable, inclusive, and resilient sector.
This guide identi es selected sources on the topic of Rethinking Tourism. Included are recommended journal articles, open access databases, reports, videos, blogs, news and commentaries, discussions, electronic books and international tourism organizations.
This guide is developed to support our tourism partners and stakeholders, students, teachers of tourism and the public with credible information sources on the topic “Rethinking Tourism”. It will remain a permanent resource in the JTB’s Information Portal.
2


UNWTO Concept Note World Tourism Day 2022
3


Table of Contents
Selected Publications 5 Selected Journals Articles 8 Selected Reports 11 Selected News & Commentaries 15
Selected Discussions Selected Videos Selected Blogs Selected Case Studies Appendices
17 19 20 22 24
4


Selected Publications
OECD Tourism Trends and Policies | OECD iLibrary (oecd-ili- brary.org)
The 2020 edition analyses tourism performance and policy trends across 51 OECD countries and partner economies. It highlights the need for coherent and comprehensive approaches to tourism policy making, and the signi cance of the tourism economy, with data covering domestic, inbound and outbound tourism, enterprises and employment, and internal tourism consumption. Tourism policy priorities, reforms and developments are analyzed and examples of country practices highlighted. Thematic chapters provide insights on preparing tourism businesses for the digital transformation, and rethinking tourism success to promote more sustainable and inclusive tourism development.
5


https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/6c9338db-29eb-4e08- 8d24-2c30c70f6d27/9781003164616.pdf
The COVID-19 pandemic of 2019–2020 has the potential to transform the tourism industry as well as the context in which it operates. This global crisis in which travel, tourism, hospitality and events have been shut down in many parts of the world, provides an opportunity to uncover the possibilities in this historic transformative moment. A critical tourism analysis of these events brie y uncovers the ways in which tourism has supported neoliberal injustices and exploitation. The COVID-19 pandemic crisis may o er a rare and invaluable opportunity to rethink and reset tourism toward a better pathway for the future
6


https://zenodo.org/record/6428590#.YyyXp6TMKUk
Tourism destination management organization’s (DMO’s) should already be planning for a post COVID-19 world. Therefore, this publication aims to address the following questions: what will the “new normal look like”, and how can destinations develop tourism in these never seen conditions. Bearing that in mind, the objective is to show that DMO’s should rethink their present strategic tourism planning and development objectives by starting to use ‘Scenario Planning’. This publication is exploratory and with it, one intended to broaden the discussion scope and to bring new insights into tourism planning and development thematic in the post COVID-19 era, suggesting new interpretations.
7


Selected Journal Articles
The Doughnut Destination: applying Kate Raworth’s Doughnut Economy Perspective to Rethink Tourism Destination Management
Steven Hartman & Jaspar Hessel Heslinga discuss how Kate Raworth’s (2017) Doughnut Economy perspective and accompanying “Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist” can be applied to rethink the future of tourism destination management for the better.
Beyond Smart Tourism Cities - Towards a New Generation of ‘Wise’ Tourism Destinations
J. Andres Coca-Stefaniak discusses building on exponential trends of technological change a ecting our cities and urban tourism destinations, avenues for further research and practice are explored in the context of smart tourism destinations.
Restoring the Balance Between Humanity and Nature through Tourism Entrepreneurship: a Conceptual Framework
For years, there has been an appalling crisis developing – that of the state of our planet. Humanity has become disconnected from nature, with devastating consequences. We are in an emergency state: a crisis of perception (HRH et al., 2010, p. 6). Kate Lupton and Christine Samy put forward a conceptual model for harmony restoration through tourism entrepreneurship.
8


‘In-Between’ Rural Tourism: Rethinking Rural Tourism Spaces for Policy Development in South Africa
Christian M. Rogerson and Jayne M. Rogerson contribute to policy debates about rural tourism in the Global South using the example of South Africa. Speci cally, it points to a need for rethinking of rural tourism spaces for policy development in South Africa. Arguably, ‘rural spaces’ cannot be viewed homogeneously simply as places outside of cities; instead, rural tourism spaces must be unpacked and di erentiated. The South African case is of special interest in Global South scholarship because national government launched initiatives to prepare an appropriate rural tourism policy.
Degrowing Tourism: Rethinking Tourism
Freya Higgins-Desbiolles, Sandra Carnicelli-Filho, Chris Krolikowski, and Gayathri Wijesinghe present a conceptual consideration of issues of degrowth in
tourism. It examines current tensions in international mobility and argues just and sustainable degrowth will require greater attention to equity. This analysis suggests that essential to such an agenda is rede ning tourism to focus on the rights of local communities and a rebuilding of the social capacities of tourism. This article argues for the rede nition of tourism in order to place the rights of local communities above the rights of tourists for holidays and the rights of tourism corporates to make pro ts.
Rethinking Tourism Destinations: Collaborative Network Models for the Tourist 2.0
Salvatore Ammirato, Alberto Michele Felicetti and Marco Della Gala, discuss how collaborative network models (CN) can support the tourism destination management to gain competitiveness for local areas, to improve exibility in services provision and to give tourists the possibility to live an augmented tourism experience. Furthermore, a review of the most suitable forms of collaborative network for tourism destinations and their ways to actively support the augmented experience of the tourist 2.0 are proposed.
9


Reconstructing Tourism in the Caribbean: Connecting Pandemic
Recovery, Climate Resilience and Sustainable Tourism through mobility Justice
Mimi Sheller discusses how Caribbean islands that are highly dependent on tourism are facing compounding crises from climate-related disasters to the Covid-19 pandemic travel disruption. The rebuilding of tourism infrastructure has often been one of the main aims of international development aid and regional government responses to natural disasters. This article seeks to identify other ways in which Caribbean small island states and non-independent territories might rebuild more sustainable ecologies and economies as they come out of the pandemic within the ongoing climate crisis.
Rethinking Tourism Industry In Pandemic COVID-19 Period
The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) has significantly a ected the tourism industry. Tourist destinations have adopted emergency measures and restrictions that have a ected the mobility of individuals around the world. Beaches and resorts were empty, cities were deserted, people’s movements were stopped, and travel among di erent territories was strictly controlled. COVID-19-caused quarantine around the world has harmed people’s livelihoods and the world economy. In this study, Anca Bocean Varzaru and Claudiu Bocean aim to analyze the e ects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry and overall economic performance. Based on the research results and exploratory research of the authors have listed in a synthesizing manner several measures to ensure the resilience of the tourism sector during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
How Should Small Island Developing States Approach Long- Term Sustainable Development Solutions? A Thematic Literature Review
Hale Ozgit in this article outline the challenges that small island developing states (SIDS) face in developing long-term sustainability with reference to the implications for policymakers and tourism stakeholders who have to operate with limited resources.
10


Selected Reports
https://www.undp.org/sites/g/ les/zskgke326/ les/migration/bb/ UNDP-bb-Future-Tourism-Regional-Policy-Dialogues-Summary- Report.pdf
The purpose of this report is to present the recommendations of diverse stakeholders based on the key issues and opportunities a ecting Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) involved in the tourism value chain in the Eastern Caribbean region. These discussions took place over ve Regional Policy Dialogues and an online discussion forum in May and June 2021.
11


Rebuilding-Tourism-Competitiveness-Tourism-response-recov- ery-and-resilience-to-the-COVID-19-crisis.pdf (worldbank.org)
The travel and tourism industry were one of the rst sectors to be a ected by COVID-19. Since March, the entire value chain that de nes the industry — spanning airlines, bus and train companies, cruise lines, hotels, restaurants, attractions, travel agencies, tour operators, online travel entities, and others — has entered a state of suspended animation. While bankruptcies of major airlines and large tour operators have been widely reported, the e ects of the crisis are perhaps being most acutely felt by the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises(SMEs) that make up around 80 percent of licensed tourism and tourism-related businesses and are at the greatest risk of failure. Their potential collapse threatens to adversely a ect millions of people across the world, including many vulnerable communities, who depend on tourism for their livelihoods. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council, as many as 100 million jobs supported by travel and tourism are currently at risk.
12


WEF_Travel_Tourism_Development_2021.pdf (weforum.org)
The Travel & Tourism Development Index (TTDI) is a direct evolution of the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI), which has been published biennially for the past 15 years. The TTDI benchmarks and measures “the set of factors and policies that enable the sustainable and resilient development of the Travel and Tourism (T&T) sec- tor, which in turn contributes to the development of a country”
13


WTTCxICF-Enhancing_Resilience-Sustainable_Destinations. pdf
This report aims to provide practical, structured inspiration to destinations as they think about resilience and sustainability. What is tourism resilience and how does it support sustainability goals in destinations? How are destinations addressing resilience priorities?
14


Selected News & Commentaries
Charting a More Sustainable Course For the Tourism Industry
Guest article by the Honourable Edmund Bartlett, Minister of Tourism, Jamaica
For destinations like Jamaica, sustainable tourism practices are essential for ensuring the long-term health of the ocean and its ecosystems, as well as for protecting the local communities and economies that rely on valuable tourist dollars.
How Jamaica Is Rethinking Its Tourism Investment Strategy
Article in the Caribbean Journal looking at investment in Jamaica’s tourism industry beyond the hotel rooms.
Rethinking Tourism Locally and Globally
Article in the Caymanian Times speaking to the future of tourism for the Cayman Islands.
15


Rethinking tourism so the locals actually bene t from hosting visitors
The “Conversation” out of Australia addresses community tourism and strategies being used.
Commentary: Policy Brief on Covid-19 and Transforming Tourism
The UN Chronicle commentary on the policy brief on Covid 19 and transforming tourism.
Rethinking tourism - less could be more
The Newsroom look at New Zealand and regenerative tourism.
Rethinking Tourism in Africa by BBC
The BBC highlights the changing perception around holidays in Sub-Saharan Africa.
16


Selected Discussions
‘Re-Thinking Tourism for a Planet in Crisis’
All over the world experts, residents, and cities have been advocating alternatives to the devastating impacts of over tourism on local territories, societies, economies, and global climate. The symposium opens a cross-disciplinary discourse on the possible futures of responsible tourism.
Shifting consumer demand: Sustainable, Community Tourism and new opportunities for Caribbean MSMEs
Shifting consumer demand: Sustainable, Community Tourism and new opportunities for Caribbean MSMEs generated a discussion from a variety of backgrounds representing startups, small businesses, civil society, technology companies and representatives from UNDP and other UN agencies across the world.
Rethinking tourism and development after the pandemic
For many cities all over Europe, tourism is an essential part of their economies. Hard- hit by the Covid 19 pandemic, the sector is now ready to be reborn. Cities are planning ahead, trying innovative solutions and re-thinking how they are organised and what role tourism gives within their new realities.
17


Reshaping the Tourism Industry Post-COVID-19: Balancing the Environment and the Economy
New Metrics’ Maya El-Haj sat down with Philippe Georgiou, a former strategy consultant at Oman’s Ministry of Tourism, to discuss what the future of the global tourism industry might look like. It is clear that as the tourism industry re-emerges from hibernation, not everything will be the same as before. Tourism is one of – if not the – largest sectors of the worldwide economy, with one in ten people involved in the sector. The industry is undergoing a period of incredible change and there will be no going back to ‘normal’, in the near future at least. The impacts of the pandemic are here to stay and the industry will have to adapt.
Tourism desperately wants a return to the ‘old normal’ but that would be a disaster
Susanne Becken indicates that tourism brings many economic, social and cultural bene ts, but it’s time to reconsider its business model and overall purpose in the post- pandemic world.
18


Selected Videos
Shifting Gears for Recovery: Rebuilding Travel & Tourism in Latin America
As COVID-19 swept through Latin America, it destroyed 4 million jobs in its wake. The closure of international borders to protect public health has been devastating to the sector and made its 2019 GDP contribution of US$ 267 billion, a goal for recovery rather than a marker on its path to future growth. What strategies and policies are being implemented or need to be enacted to recover the millions of jobs destroyed and the US$ 110 billion GDP lost to establish a more resilient, sustainable and inclusive sector?
Podcast Tellus - Rethinking Tourism “Circular Economy: A Holistic Perspective”
“Circular Economy: a holistic perspective” - a podcast organized by project Tellus - Rethinking Tourism with the participation of our project partner Daniel Tabacaru
ReThinking Tourism. For Higher Pro ts and A More Sustainable
Future
presented by Doug Lansky - Travel Writer & Author /Keynote Speaker/Destination Advisor - showing new, clever ways to look at how stakeholders can conduct business and how the industry can work together
19


Selected Blogs /Insights
Rethinking Jamaica’s Tourism Strategy
Posted by the Institute of Cultural Policy and Innovation, UWI lecturer, Beienetch Watson, comments on Jamaica’s tourism strategy over the years.
Blog: Rethinking Tourism
Keiran Micka-Malay looks at India’s Golden Triangle, the most touristed route in the country and the impact of mass tourism.
Rethinking Travel, as the Industry looks to work together in a post-pandemic world
Danielle Batchelor posed a number of questions which require answers from stakeholders in the industry in rethinking the future of travel.
Rethinking tourism so that locals can bene t from hosting visitors
Freya Higgins-Desbiolles shows how host communities have regained some control of their tourism assets.
20


Reshaping Tourism through Partnership and Accountability
Silvia Perino Vaiga makes suggestions to relaunch and reshape the tourism industry by using the pandemic as a turning point and to nd bold, coordinated solutions to restore trust.
5 Ways Global Tourism Must Rethink Its In uence as an Industry
More than two years have passed. Where are the new metrics tourism desperately needs? How will this industry actually treat nature and communities as equal bene ciaries? Is tourism ready to demolish its neocolonial mindset? Those are the pressing questions facing the industry. - Lebawit Lily Germa
21


Selected Case Studies
Jamaica from the Nature Conservancy
For the people of this picturesque island, the land and sea support lives and livelihoods—from farmers in the Blue Mountains to shers in the Pedro Cays. The Nature Conservancy supports marine management, promotes sustainable shing, and protects freshwater sources for communities. We strive to ensure that Jamaica’s diverse natural treasures will continue to sustain and bring joy to the next generations.
Sun, Sand, and... Sustainability in Developing Countries from a Tourists’ Perspective. The Case of Punta Cana
Large-scale tourism represents one of the main causes of environmental problems faced by many seaside destinations in developing countries. A survey was carried out among tourists in Punta Cana, the Dominican Republic, one of the most visited coastal destinations worldwide. This study explores whether the destination is meeting tourists’ demand for sustainable practices and whether the sustainable initiatives implemented, as perceived by tourists, have a role in explaining tourists’ satisfaction.
22


Strengthening of Community Tourism Enterprises as a Means of Sustainable Development in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Community Tourism Development in Chimborazo
Community tourism (CT) constitutes a management model for tourism practice within communities, which was consolidated within Ecuador through the Plurinational Federation of Community Tourism of Ecuador (FEPTCE), with the Corporation for the Development of Community Tourism of Chimborazo (CORDTUCH) as the central network in the province of Chimborazo. This network, with 14 years of experience, has been committed to tourism as a mechanism for the diversi cation of the productive matrix of the peasant and indigenous communities that comprise it, integrating 1772 direct bene ciaries articulated in 10 CT organizations.
Caribbean Challenge Initiative
Through a historic collaboration, countries and territories across the region are committing to protect and manage more ocean than ever before. Launched by TNC and global partners, the Caribbean Challenge Initiative (CCI) is an endeavor of unprecedented scope. CCI countries and territories commit to:
• Conserve at least 20% of their nearshore environments by 2020 (the 20-by-20 goal)—e ectively tripling marine protected area coverage in the region
• Ensure that these conserved areas are e ectively managed into the future through a reliable, long-term nance structure
23


Appendices
Selected Open Access Research Databases
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
A multidisciplinary, community-curated directory, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) gives researchers access to high-quality peer-reviewed journals. allowing you to either browse by subject or search by keyword. DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) was launched in 2003 with 300 open access journals. Today, this independent index contains almost 17 500 peer- reviewed, open access journals covering all areas of science, technology, medicine, social sciences, arts and humanities.
Connecting Repositories Core
CORE is the world’s largest aggregator of open access research papers from repositories and jour-
nals. It is a not-for-pro t service dedicated to the open access mission.
Digital Library of the Commons Repository
Run by Indiana University, the Digital Library of the Commons (DLC) Repository is a multidis- ciplinary journal repository that allows users to access thousands of free and OA articles from around the world. You can browse by document type, date, author, title, and more or search for keywords relevant to your topic.
24


Paperity
Paperity is the rst multi-disciplinary aggregator of Open Access journals and papers, “gold” and “hy- brid”. It:
• gives readers easy and unconstrained access to thousands of journals from hundreds of dis- ciplines, in one central location;
• helps authors reach their target audience, disseminate discoveries more e ectively and maximize research impact;
• raises exposure of journals, boosts their readership and encourages new manuscript sub- missions.
SSRN - Social Science Research Network
SSRN is devoted to the rapid worldwide dissemination of research and is composed of a number of specialized research networks. SSRN’s eLibrary provides 1,161,103 research papers from 988,430 researchers in more than 65 disciplines.
ECONBIZ
With EconBiz you search for scholarly literature quickly and professionally.
JURN
JURN is a unique search tool, helping you to nd free academic articles and books. JURN harnesses all the power of Google, but focusses your search through a hand-crafted and curated index.
25


INTERNATIONAL TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS
Caribbean Tourism Organization
The Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO) is the region’s tourism development agency, with 24 Dutch, English, Spanish and French country members and a myriad of private sector allied members. The CTO’s vision is to position the Caribbean as the most desirable, year-round, warm weather destination. Its purpose is Leading Sustainable Tourism – One Sea, One Voice, One Caribbean.
Global Tourism Resilience & Crisis Management Centre
The Global Tourism Resilience and Crisis Management Centre is a transformative tool, which seeks to safeguard and protect the tourism product of countries around the world as well as to ensure the
sustainability of tourism globally.
United Nations World Tourism Organization
The World Tourism Organization is the United Nations agency responsible for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism.
World Travel and Tourism Council
Our mission is to maximise the inclusive and sustainable growth potential of the Travel & Tourism sector by partnering with governments, destinations, communities, and other stakeholders to drive economic development, create jobs, reduce poverty and foster peace, security, and understanding in our world.
26