OutdoorRecreationGuide-web

1

Been and Seen

2

contents

Out & About 4 Fire Bans 40
Australian Facts 6
Track Gradings 8 Basic First Aid Kit Items 42
PLBs and SPOT Trackers 10
Basic Track Etiquette 12 Be Croc Wise in Croc Country 44
Think B4 You Trek 14
Bushwalking Day Trips 16 Be Cass-O-Wary 46
Blisters 18
Topographic Maps 20 Marine Stingers 48
How to Pack a Backpack 21
Hiking and Multi-Day Trips 22 Blue-Ringed Octopus 50
Hiking Food 24
Camping Hints and Tips 26 Australia’s Dangerous Snakes 52
National Parks 28
Leave No Trace - The 7 Principles 30 Australia’s Dangerous Spiders 54
Beach Safety 33
Sun Safety 34 Australia’s Top 20 Deadliest Animals 56
Inland Waterway Safety 36
Bushfires 38 DRSABCD Emergency Plan 57
3
Snake Bites 58

Spider Bites 60

Sprains and Strains 62

Severe Bleeding 63

Burns and Scalds 64

Bite and Stings 65

Capture Your Adventures 66

Disclaimer 67

Did You Know?••  UThWeSfiOrsuttin&teAr-bsotauttesttarirptewdaasttUoWTaSsminaenaiarlyfo2r0th12e. iconic Overland 4

••  T5iTrnt0arhiFcpeske.tbSuh6yrdiuk0deeannU.retyWsy2jSH0uams15trub.pdoeeudnrotBsurctidoognfqeauceplirmleadnbethhoaensaborceuherninfiorMsutarsymk2yo0ds1itv5i.pnogpturliapr

4

AObuotu&t

Welcome to Out & About Outdoor Recreation This pocket information guide is designed
Adventures! Over the past couple of years, to give you an insight into some things to
we have developed a program of activities consider before you venture out. It is packed
and adventures open to all UWS students. with ideas, pointers, information and useful
Continuous feedback and suggestions websites to expand your knowledge and
from trip attendees help us to build on, and enhance your experiences. Please note that
develop the program as the concept grows. this is not the be all & end all of things you
need to know. It is designed as a starting
The location of our campuses also gives us point for you to further research and expand
the opportunity to make the most of many on before undertaking any trips with friends,
spectacular National Parks right on our door particularly bushwalks. It also highlights the
steps. These include the World Heritage knowledge and guidelines that your Out
listed Blue Mountains National Park and the & About trip convenors work within when
2nd oldest National Park in the world, the leading trips.
Royal National Park. The Out & About trip list
includes one bushwalk each month as well as Make new friends, enjoy the great outdoors,
a more adventurous or adrenalin experience challenge yourself or simply just enjoy a break
monthly. from study, but make sure you get Out &
About with us this year!
Being runand coordinated whollyby Campus
Life staff means that Out & About trips and For any trip enquiries, feedback or
adventures are catered directly to the needs suggestions, contact Jo at:
and wants of students. All trip leaders hold [email protected] or on 0414 185 167
a current Senior 1st Aid certificate, work in
pairs and follow strict safety guidelines and JoQuinn & Emily Jordan
detailed risk assessments to make your
experience a memorable one for the right Out & About Trip Convenors
reasons!

55

AUSTRALIA

TOhepsaeilsroan thHe rooofuofsthee,

when combined, form a
perfect sphere.

Australia is the opal capital of the world.

Australia’s first ever Emus and kangaroos cannot walk Australia
backwards, that’s why they are on
political party meeting big1 6 5has about
our coat of arms.
Gum Tree.washeldundera things.
PlatyTphues
260 millionAustralianseat
has enough venom to kill a
meat pies per year. small dog.

There are oKvaern60gsapercioesoof

5530km longAustralia is home to the longest fence in the world
and originally built to keep Dingoes from fertile land.

Koalas Australia has the

are not bears, they are marsupials. 1450kmlongest postal run -

6 from Cairns to Cape Yo6rk.

Approximately 80% of Australians live Australia
within 50km of the coast. is the only
continent without
Tasmania has an active volcano
the cleanest air
in the world. The largest straight road in
the world is found on the

Nullabor plain.

The Coathanger.Sydney Harbour Bridge is affectionately known as

Vegemite The Australian $2 coin is A Kangaroo is only
1cm when born
is made from smaller
leftover brewers than the $1 coin.
yeast extract.

Banana Benders
are Australians
from Queensland.

Australia’s first ever
police force was made
up of the best

behaved
convicts.

Prime Minister Harold Holt went for a lwAuastroarliarhgaslteheds’ts 7
swim in 1967 and
cattle station.
disappeared,
never to be seen again.

7

GTrrTairpdaiIcnckogn&s

When booking on our bushwalking trips, Out & About Trip Icons
you will notice that they are graded as Easy,
Medium or Hard. Please see the definition On promotional items such as posters,
of these gradings below & ensure that your postcards etc you may see one or more of the
capabilities fit in with the description before below icons. We have developed these so that
booking. All of our walks are guided and you can see at a glance what each particular
completed as a group. trip involves.

Easy (E) - walking mainly on well signposted This trip involves abseiling as an option.
tracks.
This trip has quad biking or motor biking as
Medium (M) - some sections of easy an option.
off-track navigation, or hard track finding.
Some easy rock scrambling required. This trip involves camping in a tent.

Hard (H) - significant sections off-track, with This trip has horse riding as an option.
hard navigation. Exposed rock scrambling
required, and route finding is difficult at times.

This trip involves kayaking or canoeing.

This trip has great scenic photo opportunities.

This trip has swimming as an option.

This trip involves bushwalking or hiking.

88

99

PtLrBSasPcOakTnedrs

When undertaking any outdoor recreation The advantages of this identifying signal are:
activity in remote areas, it is important to
think ahead and plan for what you would • Authorities know straight away whether
do in the case of emergency & how you can
be found if you need to be rescued. Below the signal is received from a boat, aircraft
describes 2 options for emergency contact. or a bushwalker and can deploy resources
Out & About Trip Convenors carry both a appropriate to the incident more quickly.
SPOT satellite Tracker & PLB on all trips.
• Many false alarms can be eliminated easily
PLBs
as the received signal’s identification can be
Personal Locator Beacons for bushwalking referenced to the registered owner of the
use are called PLBs. These are small, beacon. The owner can then be contacted
lightweight units suitable for bushwalking and the details of the incident established
use. quickly;

The unit allows information to be sent • It has a strong signal strength which can be
when a beacon is activated. All digital PLBs
on 406MHz transmit a unique identifying received from marginal areas such as gorges
number and can be correlated to a database or under a tree canopy.
of registered owners of beacons. The unit
should be registered with AMSA straight SPOT Trackers
away!
SPOT tracking system gives peace of mind
by allowing you to track your assets, notify
friends & family of your GPS position & status,
mark waypoints & track your progress on
Google Maps or notify rescue officials in an
emergency.

10 10

How it Works • Satellite antennas and a global network route

• GPS satellites provide signals. your location and message to the appropriate
• SPOT messenger’s onboard GPS chip network.

determines your GPS location and sends • Your location and messages are delivered
your location and preselected message to
communication satellites. according to your instructions via email, text
message, or emergency notification to the
• Communication satellites relay your message GEOS Rescue Coordination Centre.

to specific satellite antennas around the
world.

11 11

BaEtsiiqc uTertatcek

As well as obeying set rules that relate to the In conjunction with the 7 Tread Lightly
area in which you are hiking, there are some Principles, it is common courtesy to show
basic unwritten rules that make it a pleasant respect for other hikers and the environment
experience for everyone: alike:

• Respect the rights of other track users. • No alcohol.
• If you are walking in a group, walk single file • Do not collect firewood.
• Take heed of all fire warnings.
so you don’t widen the track. • Dispose of washing water responsibly.
• Use toilets where available.
• Walk through small obstacles such as • Bury human waste.
• Stay on the track when hiking.
puddles, walking around them widens the • Do not shortcut across bends.
track. • Obey signs indicating private property.
• Don’t leave rubbish - if you can carry it in, you
• Don’t surprise someone that you need to
can carry it out.
pass. Let them know that you are coming.
• Observe posted signs.
• If you meet someone on the track that is • Do not feed wildlife.
• Plants and rocks are not souvenirs.
faster than you, step aside and let them pass. • Be quiet at night.
• All relevant forms and permits must be
• Downhill hikers should give way to uphill
completed prior to departure.
hikers.

• Don’t ever remove or change track signs.

12 12

13 13

TYhoiunkTrbe4k

If you enjoy our Out & About bushwalks Be Prepared
& decide to do some more with your own
friends, Think Before You Trek is a campaign • When planning a walk it is advisable to ask
& joint initiative of the NSW Police Force and
NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service to help about local conditions including weather
keep bushwalkers and explorers safe. forecasts, tracks, creek or river water levels
and fire danger.
Take adequate supplies of food, water,
navigation, first aid equipment and warm, • Never travel alone. Make sure you have at
waterproof clothing.
least three people in your group. If there is an
Register your planned route and tell friends emergency, at least one can go for help, while
and family of your expected return time. the other stays with the injured or ill person.

Emergency Locator Beacons are available for • Make sure there’s at least one experienced
loan free of charge.
bushwalker in the group who can guide and
Keep to the planned route on the map and assist others.
follow walking tracks.
• Make sure your activity is something which all

participants in your group are able to handle.

• Before heading out, leave full details with

a relative or a responsible person. Outline
where you will be going, who is with you,
what equipment you have, and when you
expect to return.
Or visit www.police.nsw.gov.au/trek to
download a Trip Intention Form.

• Allow plenty of time to finish the activity in

daylight, and pack extra food and water in
case of any unexpected delays.

14 14

Take Required Equipment heat, rain, thick mist/fog, icy winds, and sleet
or snow in higher mountain areas.
• Matches and torches (and spare batteries).
• Topographic map(s) and a compass (make • Many areas have only limited mobile phone

sure you know how to use them). coverage. If you intend to use a mobile phone
for safety purposes, contact your phone
• A first aid kit and a space blanket. network supplier to check the coverage in the
• Warm and waterproof clothing and raincoats area of the park you intend to visit.

for everyone in the group. • Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) are also

• Plastic bags for rubbish. available to borrow free of charge when
• Ample food and plenty of water. registering your walk in the Blue Mountains
• Weather can change rapidly. Be prepared for National Park in NSW.

Information adapted from the brochure: Think 15
Before You Trek. Further information can be
found at: www.police.nsw.gov.au/trek

15

BuDsahywTarlikpisng

Out & About trip options include many day • Wear a hat, sunscreen and sunglasses.
bushwalks in National Parks right across • Wear bright colours so you can be easily
the wider Sydney Region. Below is a quick
checklist of what you need to bring for these found.
outings. The image (opposite page) shows
appropriate clothing to wear. • Pack water, food, sunscreen, extra clothes &

• Food for 2 days (often supplied) a rain jacket.
• Hat & Sunscreen
• Comfortable walking shoes/boots • Wear a long sleeved shirt for sun protection.
• Warm & wet weather clothing • Wear long pants for extra protection against
• Camera & SD cards
• Plenty of drinking water bites, scratches and cuts.
• Spare pair of socks
• Sun glasses • Wear sturdy walking boots.
• Day pack.

16 16

Don’t Forget.••• w Ac WeeaWlwnarersetaayhuayterwrhseres.awthrrhmoeeceay/asrwna‘aiernetc’h/hcbsaoauetmnnfognnfroeoyerwtmgeaoeabaaislntiettlghey. erorsnwoclahoaatwhtlwaintlahkgye.tso

17 17

Blisters

Blisters are one of the most common Some Prevention Tips
problems that you will come across whilst
hiking or walking in the great outdoors. • Double Sock Systems: Literally wearing two
Blisters are truly the curse of any hiking
trip. Even a small, tiny blister can grow into pairs of socks can reduce friction levels. But
a painful thing that can cause a miserable not just any old socks. The combination that
hiking trip and force you to walk and/or limp tends to work best is a thin synthetic inner
awkwardly home. The most important thing sock and a thicker outer sock.
is take action early, otherwise not only will
you be in excruciating pain, but they may also • Spare Shoes: Bringing along a pair of camp
become infected.
shoes/thongs also gives your boots and
A blister is damaged skin cells caused by socks an opportunity to dry for a longer
friction, which releases histamine that in turn period of time before you need to put them
forms a fluid sac designed to protect the new back on again. It also gives your feet a rest &
skin growing underneath the problem area. eases any pressure points from your boots for
The early signs of a blister are a tingling sense a few hours.
of heat from a particular area.
• Wear Them In: Ensure boots are worn in
Blisters are normally caused from friction
between ill-fitting footwear and your foot. It prior to any long distance walks or hikes.
can be made worse by damp socks or sweaty Don’t leave wearing your brand new boots
feet and incorrect fitting boots or shoes. until you are about to hit the track for a
multi-day hike. The more they are worn in
prior, the more comfortable they are going
to be. So, take the time to walk in your new
hiking boots around home or on short walks
before heading out to the mountains or on an
extended hike.

• Taping: Taping feet is also a very popular

prevention strategy, however it is difficult to
perfect the technique and sweat is a constant
threat to adhesion of tape.

18 18

• Hot Spots: Another effective way to reduce

friction includes applying petroleum jelly
to a hot spot or sprinkling foot powder or
corn starch on your feet to prevent moisture
buildup. If you feel a hot spot forming on
your feet, you should stop to inspect it
immediately and apply a bandaid or tape to
prevent it from turning into a blister later in
the day.

• Lace the Boots Properly: Make sure your

hiking boot is properly laced. A hiking boot
that is not laced tight enough can cause your
foot to move around quite a bit. On the other
hand, don’t lace your boots too tight, as this
will cause your feet to swell, which becomes
very painful! Be prepared to adjust the
tightness while out on the trail, too, as once
you begin hiking you may need to tighten/
loosen the boots a bit to get just the right
“fit.”

19 19

TopoMgarpas phic

A topographic map shows you the actual so you can determine relative & absolute
shape of the land & will give you a clear idea positions of mapped features.
of which way to go, how far away things are,
where you can find water, a campsite & where It is important to note that it is a representation
the terrain slopes more steeply or is relatively of the physical environment at a given
flat. time. Therefore a map will never be entirely
updated. However, it is important to carry the
• Topographic maps are detailed graphic relevant topographic map for the area of your
activity and to know how to use it
representations of features that appear on
the Earth’s surface.

• Cultural: roads, buildings, railways, airports,

names of places, urban development,
geographic features and borders.

• Hydrography: lakes, rivers, streams, swamps

& coastal flats.

• Relief: mountains, valleys, slopes &

depressions.

• Vegetation: vineyards, orchards, wooded &

cleared areas.

A legend or a key lists the features shown on
the Map & their corresponding symbols.

Topographic maps usually show a
geographical graticule & coordinate grid

20 20

BaHPcoakwcpkatacok

The backpack you carry for a day walk is during the day or in a hurry at the top of your
different to the one that you would carry pack or in a side pocket.
on a multi-day hike, primarily in its size &
capacity. When choosing a backpack, try it Ensure clothing & your sleeping bags are in a
on in the shop and pack it with the amount of dry sack before going into the backpack.
weight that you would be expecting to carry.
Walk around the shop and ask the assistants Once you’ve discovered a way of packing your
to adjust straps accordingly so that it sits backpack that works, stick with it.
comfortably on your back. It is important that
the pack you purchase is comfortable and will Before storing your pack after a hike, ensure
suit your needs and your ability to carry it. that it is completely dry & empty of all food-
stuffs & water.
Since most backpacks aren’t waterproof,
ensure you buy a cover. This can then be
stored into the top pocket where it is easy to
access.

As a general guide, you shouldn’t carry more
than between 25 & 33% of your body weight.

Generally packing a backpack is common
sense. Heavy items should go towards
the bottom & a tent or bedroll strapped
underneath the pack can help with weight
distribution. Keep sharp edges away from the
back of the pack where they will stick into you
& don’t pack your toilet paper underneath
everything. Keep anything that you will need

21 21

HMikuTilrntigip-sDaanyd

Hiking or extended bushwalks are a different • Fuel stove & fuel
experience to bushwalking day trips. Packing • Waterproof matches & pocket knife
the right equipment makes the difference • Antibacterial hand gel
between a good hiking experience & a bad • Torch & spare batteries
one. The lighter you pack, the more you will • Food (lightweight & nutritious. Remove
enjoy the walk. Individuals should avoid
carrying a pack that weighs more than 1/3 of excess packaging)
their body weight.
• Cooking pots & utensils (knife, fork, spoon,
Depending on the location of your planned
trek, the list below is a basic one & all items bowl & mug)
should be considered.
• Water Bottles (2-3 litres)
• Pack (with good support straps) • Toiletries & 1st aid kit
• Pack liner (to keep everything dry) • Whistle & pocket knife
• Tent (with inner & outer lining) • PLB (Personal Locator Beacon)
• Sleeping bag (rated appropriately for • Hiking poles
• Water purification tablets.
expected weather conditions)

• Sleeping mat
• Waterproof coat with hood
• Walking Boots (sturdy with good ankle

support)

• Hiking Socks
• Walking clothes (lightweight, quick dry. Not

cotton or denim)

• Beanie, gloves, thermals
• Sun hat, sunscreen & sunglasses, swim wear
• Toilet trowel & toilet paper

22 22

Don’t Forget• •b2•li inasMp srtweKeaiadhriekresieesen.yrpesooduyfuyrrooryewuupyorbawoopaculaikgllerlc.snecklxooosptrorehgccleakatsnsrtgaioswenefdidilnzlsidaphlne-etedlhloppecpimknuagvt.botgahideginasgrs

•  Ptpolaayccoek.uhrSelbeaaevcpikeinsatgnidbteaimngstghoienemsyionidufdrirlesptla.ecfkt close
of the

Information adapted from The Overland 23
Track, One Walk Many Journeys Visitor
Guide.

23

Hiking Food

Please see opposite suggestions and tips
for food ideas on multi-day hikes. Food is a
personal choice so please adapt the below
ideas for your personal preference.

• Remove as much packaging as possible
when packing.
• Canned food is heavy, as are glass bottles &
jars. You also have to carry them out when

empty.
• Do not assume you can burn rubbish,
particularly in Summer in Australia. Pack a

zip-lock bag so all rubbish can be carried out.
• Put meals into individual zip-lock bags &
label.
Don’t Forget • Keep in mind the weight of various foods
when planning your food.
• Longevity and storage also need to be taken
••• • Eo Cp nBnyaLuisoafarcurlrruoibareyfreyonephlkcaaayaieidkdconlekildugwnyaqi.gtoecguiaoiuemagrnrdthreeafy.toal,woelssfundr.aepotbsepuharlgingehaessns.wfdsuietaahlnnitdfhoyevopacutroiioepnntltayetnnoints
into account.

24 24

Breakfast ideas •  Rice
• Cup A Soup
•  Muesli • 2 minute noodles
•  Oats • Instant potato mash
• Breakfast bars •  Couscous
•  Pancakes. • Pasta with tomato paste for flavour
• Condiments: curry powder, pepper, tomato
Lunch ideas
paste, dried herbs, garlic powder etc.
•  Crackers
•  Wraps Snack ideas
•  Jerky
• Tuna (in pouches) • Muesli bars
• Cup A Soups • Dried fruit
• 2 minute noodles • Trail mix
• Cheese (Babybels, cheese sticks) •  Chocolate
• Toppings: cheese spreads, Vegemite, jam, •  Lollies
•  Salami
peanut butter, honey. • Fresh fruit
• Energy bars
Dinner ideas • Potato chips
• Le Snacks
• Packet pasta • Carrot sticks
• Cheesy Mac • Dried banana or mango chips.
• Freeze dried meals; Back Country etc
•  Lentils

Did You Know?•••• • Y Z Id otCiWPpouaiso-wrrlwbacofnapaocdnrlskhaeyabrbrsgdereaaedertvgataeacseteomrgcosraotdonoanoiuradsbendlpeitsrassaiunnlacawbkeetgsehxtsrariicemlteneuuadlasttrleeeelalndwslfqttoteeifunrsoriaoggnbrnuha.rreturtticiatbvebideebyosiatsfonrhoqedp.fpullwaaiacicsankkttweaelongraneitongerfggertyera.f.ntodotihdnaninteergmtuimslp.e.

25 25

HiCnatms p&inTgips

The list below is a few things to consider when • Pack toilet paper.
heading out camping, whether reaching • Carry plenty of water at all times.
your site by hiking or vehicle. • Shake out your shoes/boots before putting

• Remove all rocks and sticks before setting up them back on.

your tent. • Have a warm sleeping bag.
• Make sure that you keep your sleeping
• Ensure where you plan on pitching your tent
bag dry. Pack in a plastic bag inside your
is a flat piece of ground. backpack.

• Make sure that your tent fly is pegged down • Ensure that your clothes stay dry.
• Know your limitations.
tightly. • Break in new boots prior to a hiking trip.
• Pack wet weather gear.
• Always keep the zipper to your tent closed. • Pack sunscreen and a hat.
• Avoid setting up under trees, especially gum • Clean up before you leave your camping site.

trees as they drop branches. Leave No Trace.

• Remove shoes/boots before stepping into

your tent.

• Avoid touching the walls of your tent - you

will get wet.

• Ensure your tent is dry before packing it up

if possible. If not, unpack as soon as you get
home & allow it dry out.

• Noise travels at night, so consider fellow

campers.

• Bring extra batteries for your torch and

camera.

• Bring bug spray, Bushmans is a good brand

for Australian conditions.

26 26

Don’t Forget• Stoeteunpsuyroeuyroteunht aavtehoamll epebgesf,orpeolleesavainngd

•• r MyoAmopaluwekinesnaimeyeatseicsdc.eghaedenticrdktinlciintsrototshaysetoittuheeromnmttse.enotfoffhaeseavpdearcyfkitrehsdtin.tgo

27 27

NaPtiaornkas l

Australia has over 500 national parks. Over information can be found on a particular State
28 million hectares of land is designated as or Territories relevant website. These are listed
national parkland, accounting for almost below:
four per cent of Australia’s land areas. In
addition, a further six per cent of Australia • Western Australia:
is protected and includes state forests, www.dpaw.wa.gov.au
nature parks and conservation reserves.
• South Australia:
National parks are usually large areas of www.environment.sa.gov.au/parks
land that are protected because they have
unspoilt landscapes and a diverse number • Northern Territory:
of native plants and animals. This means www.parksandwildlife.nt.gov.au
that commercial activities such as farming
are prohibited and human activity is strictly •  Tasmania:
monitored. www.parks.tas.gov.au

Like zoos, national parks have several •  Queensland:
purposes. The foremost of these is to protect www.nprsr.qld.gov.au
native flora and fauna. But national parks
are also there so Australians and foreign • New South Wales:
visitors can enjoy and learn about our unique www.environment.nsw.gov.au/nationalparks
environment, heritage and culture.
•  Victoria:
Most of our national parks are managed parkweb.vic.gov.au
by the States & Territories; however the
Australian Government manages six national •  Canberra:
parks and a further 13 marine parks. Detailed www.tams.act.gov.au/parks-recreation/
parks_and_reserves

28 28

The Royal National Park

Australia’s first national park, was proclaimed
on 26 April 1879, south of Sydney in New
South Wales. It is now known as the Royal
National Park. It was the second such park
to be declared in the world, the first being
Yellowstone National Park in the United
States of America.

Originally named ‘The National Park’, it was
renamed ‘Royal National Park’ when Queen
Elizabeth II visited it in 1955.

The Royal National Park is a popular
destination for Out & About trips for its
diverse range of walks, spectacular scenery,
camping and water sports options, as well as
its close proximity to our campuses.

Information was Did You Know?••  T•IhnH •eTei JRhnruTieoRtAhlyayRoeugayo2sleaRytN0rlLao.a0ailylst6iNataio.l.atntNhaioealntPRiaoalonrPkyaaalisrlkPoNawnarlkatyiso2isnt9hakcelmofPlilroafsrrqtokumtoiwaSulalyyssedknatnhdeoeydweCtednBrmDtao.sNtNahateisohWnoaolorPlrdarTkhe
adapted from
29
www.australia.gov.au

29

- TLheeTa7rvPareicNnecoiples

The mission of Leave No Trace Australia is 2. Walk & Camp On Durable
to promote and inspire responsible travel Surfaces
and outdoor recreation through education,
research and partnerships. The following • Durable camping surfaces include
information within the seven principles is
recommended as a guide to minimise the established campsites, tent platforms, rock,
impact of our visits to the natural and cultural gravel & sand.
heritage places of Australia.
• Good campsites are found not made.
1. Plan Ahead & Prepare
Altering a site is not necessary. If you use
• Know the regulations & special concerns of rocks to secure tents, return to them to their
place when you leave.
the area you will visit.
• Protect water sources - camp at least 50m
• Prepare for extreme weather, hazards &
from lakes & streams.
emergencies.
• Protect plant life - avoid spread of soil-borne
• Schedule your trip to avoid times of high use.
• Walk in small groups. Split larger parties into diseases - keep boots, camping equipment &
vehicle tyres clean.
groups of 4 to 6.

• Repackage food to minimise waste.
• Take maps & compass or GPS & know how

to use them, to eliminate use of flagging tape
or rock cairns.

30 30

• Wash up using hot water, preferably without

soap or detergent. Strain & scatter washing
up water 50m away from water sources.

• Wash your body at least 50m from water

sources.

In frequently used areas: 4. Leave What You Find

• Concentrate use on existing tracks & • Respect Aboriginal sites and other sites of

campsite. cultural significance.

• Always walk on tracks, even when wet • Preserve our past; examine but don’t touch

or muddy, so damage is kept to a narrow historical or cultural structures & artefacts.
band.
• Leave rocks, plants & other natural objects as
In pristine areas:
you find them.
• Avoid places where impacts are just
5. Minimise Campfire Impacts -
beginning. Use A Fuel Stove

• Disperse use to prevent the creation of • Out of preference, use fuel stoves even where

campsites & tracks. fires are permitted. Escaped camp fires
have caused landscape wide damage, and
3. Dispose of Waste Properly can threaten human life as well as plants &
animals.
• Pack it in, pack it out. Check your campsite &
• If lighting a fire (where permitted) use only
rest areas for rubbish & spilled food. Pack out
all rubbish & leftover food. established fire places and keep the fire small.

• If there is a toilet - use it. Otherwise bury all

faecal waste & toilet paper in holes 15-20cm
deep at least 100m from water & tracks.
Cover & disguise the hole when finished.

• Carry out any sanitary pads, tampons &

condoms.

31 31

6. Respect Wildlife

• Keep wildlife wild. Feeding animals can turn

them into pets and may make them sick.

• Store food & rubbish securely to discourage

wildlife from finding it.

• Observe wildlife from a distance. Do not

follow or approach wildlife.

7. Be Considerate Of Your Hosts &
Other Visitors

• Respect Aboriginal culture & country.
• Respect the wishes & regulations of all hosts

(e.g. Aboriginal, pastoral, land managers &
locals).

• Only visit places where you have obtained

appropriate permission.

• Respect other visitors & protect the quality of

their experience.

• Let natural sounds prevail - avoid loud voices

& noises.

Information was adapted from
www.australia.gov.au

32 32

Beach Safety

Australia has a beautiful coastline, but it can • If you need help, stay calm and attract
also be hazardous at times so knowing how
to stay safe next time you visit the beach is attention by raising your arm above your
essential. head.

To make your next trip to the beach safer, be • Never enter the water if you are drunk or
aware of some of the main hazards and follow
the simple tips below: under the influence of drugs.

• Always swim between the red and yellow • Wear sunscreen, seek shade and stay

flags. hydrated.

• Look and take notice of the signs at the • If witnessing an in-water emergency dial

beach. triple zero (000) - Police.

• Ask a lifeguard or lifesaver for safety advice. • Boat skippers and rock fishers should check
• Swim with a friend - never swim or surf alone.
• Learn how to identify a rip. the local forecast, seek advice from NSW
Maritime and always wear a life jacket.

For information on beach conditions or to
find a patrolled beach near you, check out the
Beach Safe website or download the mobile
app.

Information adapted from Did You Know?•• •A• A• Ru Au siApstuArtusarucstalusrtilaartiraarrlahie.lailaani’assthsHhoavaaysesraaermns3orshe0fosB0epreweSoaleunicnrrshefitbbhLolaioeffneaofsvoS1t1eras7rv6to3hi1vn0ebeg,rew0Ca90hlcu00ihtb%eeksssm.t.os.faanldl bineathche world. in
the Fact Sheet “About Sun rescues
Safety” by the Queensland
Government. For further 33
information go to; www.
sunsafety.qld.gov.au

33

Sun Safety

Skin cancer is a serious disease that can Damage to the skin occurs as soon as skin
cause disfigurement and death. It can be a is exposed to UV radiation. It’s important to
lot harder to remove skin cancer than just note that the effects of UV radiation on the
cutting out a mole. Some skin cancers can skin are cumulative, that is, damage builds up
travel and spread to other parts of the body over time - even without your skin burning.
making them difficult to treat effectively. The Damage to unprotected skin occurs when UV
good news is that the majority of skin cancers levels reach three or more.
can be prevented by avoiding exposure to the
sun; seeking shade when outdoors; wearing Check your skin regularly. If you notice any
clothing that covers your body plus a broad new skin spots or spots that have changed
brim hat and sunglasses; and applying colour, size and/or shape see your doctor
SPF30+ sunscreen every two hours. The more promptly.
time you spend outdoors unprotected the
more you put yourself at risk of developing
skin cancer.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and
artificial sources, such as welding work,
cause sunburn and skin damage leading
to premature ageing and skin cancer. UV
radiation from the sun is not linked to heat,
and it cannot be seen or felt. UV radiation
can cause skin damage in all seasons, even in
winter and on cloudy days. People who work
outdoors are exposed throughout the year
to high levels of UV radiation from the sun.

34 34

Protect yourself in 5 ways:

Slip on sun protective clothing. Long sleeved

shirts with a collar and trousers, of close
weave and dark colour are best.

Slop on SPF30+ sunscreen that is broad

spectrum and water resistant. Apply 20
minutes before going outdoors. Re-apply
every two hours or more when in high
humidity.

Slap on a broad-brimmed or legionnaire

style hat. If wearing a hard hat ensure it has
a brim attachment or legionnaire style flap.
Caps do not provide adequate protection for
your neck and ears.

Seek shade.

Slide on close fitting, wrap-around style

sunglasses or safety glasses. Polarised lenses
reduce glare.

Information adapted from the Fact Sheet

“About Sun Safety” by the Queensland

Government. For further information go to:

www.sunsafety.qld.gov.au

Australia has a beautiful coastline, but it can

Did You Know?35 ••  Q •Suak•e pie8n pn0Scrstkoaplriaepnnenacrrcditeaca.rethn,enauctpsenorrtloihfkcteeoaelshclmttcisgiaaothnnnhecyefsertohorsrtemahdateileUatrhgoVcnfsarysonaksscdtieeneiadrmscti,aaoimrnsnec.olesarkrregiinntehcltyaahnnepcraweenrvo.yerlnodtt.ahbelrec-anbcyer to

35

Inland
Waterway

Safety

Inland waterways can include lakes, streams, slowly, feet first - never dive in. Be aware
dams, irrigation channels, rivers and creeks. that cold water can also cause hypothermia.
The flat, still surface of an inland waterway Water can also be deeper than you think due
can give a false sense of security. Currents, to drop offs in dams or riverbeds.
even in seemingly tranquil waterways, can
prove dangerous. Inland waterways are not A quick safety checklist can help ensure your
patrolled by lifeguards, and should someone safety in inland waterways:
get into trouble, there may be no one there to
assist. Swimmers can also get panicked if they • Check conditions before entering.
get caught in submerged objects, which are • Enter water slowly, feet first.
present in many inland waterways. • Care needs to be taken around crumbling

Changing seasonal patterns, flooding and riverbeds and slippery dam edges.
other effects of nature can cause inland
waterways to change. If the waterway is • Avoid underwater obstacles such as rocks,
flooded, don’t try to cross it. While it may look
calm and shallow on the surface it is possible branches and rubbish.
that the road or path that may once have
been there has washed away. • Take care walking on unstable, uneven and

Water conditions which may have been slippery riverbeds.
safe previously can change hourly with the
current. Submerged objects, like branches or • Avoid crossing flooded inland waterways.
rocks, are often invisible from the surface and • Always keep watch around natural
present a real risk of spinal and neck injuries,
especially to divers. Always enter the water environments to prevent drowning.

36 36

Information adapted from Royal Don’t Forget•y •boC•ei uroliIr mmnltitdgNhhlaiuaewteinnectrviaekdhdoet.nmrecwtorccoaalihadny,mtaeelbnrarprienkvwbeeieaneasrlsndsyac,esaaaadnnnlatigrdnhybkecweetrclshuarlo,eeedtfteeedhfsrkluaaatbrolmsafahurnasntckrf,dielsvoa.ceitotrrhredecbaaeiennnnkdgso.,tas
Life Saving Fact Sheet #13 Inland
Waterways. • Alpine waters may be very cold and risk of
Further information and Fact Sheets
available at www.keepwatch.com.au hypothermia exists even in summer.

37 37

Bushfires

Before bushwalking you should credit or your provider is unavailable.
check
• Note features on your map that may be a
• Fire Danger Ratings and Bush Fire Alerts at
safe place to shelter from a fire and maintain
www.rfs.nsw.gov.au or on the Fires Near Me your navigation so you always know where
Smartphone application you are.

• Weather conditions at www.bom.gov.au • Have someone in your group that knows how
• Whether a Total Fire Ban is in place. Do not
to treat burns, shock, asphyxiation, smoke
use fires or stoves on these days. inhalation, foreign matter in the eyes, and
heat induced illness.
So you’re going bushwalking?
• Try to wear clothing that will protect you from
• Tell someone where you plan to go and who
radiant heat. Synthetic clothing can melt and
is with you. Tell them when you return safely burn skin severely.
home.
• If the conditions aren’t good, don’t go!
• Consider carrying an Emergency Beacon.

This will help emergency services locate you
if necessary. Many local Police Stations and
National Parks offices will offer these on
either a fee or free basis.

• Save the Rural Fire Service information line

number and Emergency 000 to your phone.
Emergency 112 for mobile phones is for use
when a phone is locked, has insufficient

38 38

If you’re caught in a fire

• Call Triple Zero 000.
• Turn back if you see smoke ahead.
• Don’t panic or try to outrun the fire.
• Find a cleared area with rocks, hollows,

embankments, streams or roads to protect
you and avoid hilltops.

• Keep low and cover your skin.
• Drink water and cover your mouth with a

damp cloth.

• Let someone know what is happening.

As a LAST RESORT

• Choose a place with fairly clear ground and

flames less than one metre deep and high.

• Take a deep breath, cover your face and run

through the flames to already burnt ground.

Information adapted from the Bushfire Safety
For Bushwalkers brochure from the NSW Rural
Fire Service. Further information can be found at:
www.rfs.nsw.gov.au

Don’t Forget•• l•aA ftCiu erbhEesestsenprf.casorkulirinearfegnidryeteboopubusasarurhntmcfusairrmmebe.eepdfrfao.inrreegielsirgfuphlteliyrniogedxatiinnsygfruooipmsehned •ynob •eouAuxtg drhutpFrneoiotlinsahnrwuegnosinnsnirvodiihcstenoimiielsploesonllnasevohtonreetaonmrazefimnftaodgaegronsond.vfttooehindrrsgc,otrasuheportpedrtoyichuoahicnlhrlete.iicogoatkunhhtearn

39 39

Fire Bans

Fire bans are common throughout most of Can you still have a BBQ?
Australia, particularly in the warmer months.
What is a Park Fire Ban? The National Parks You may use a gas or electric BBQ, but only if:
and Wildlife Service put a Park Fire Ban
in place when there are active fires or the • It is on a residential property within 20
potential for a fire to start. The area may
have limited access, or very dry or overgrown metres of the house.
areas that could cause a bush fire to move
quickly. Below some common questions are • It is in a designated picnic area and the BBQ is
answered in regards to fire bans.
approved by Council, National Parks or State
When is a Total Fire Ban Forests.
announced?
• It is always attended by a responsible adult.
During the Bush Fire Danger Period, the • The ground within two metres of the BBQ is
decision to issue a Total Fire Ban is usually
made in the afternoon for the following day. cleared of all materials which could burn.
A Total Fire Ban may be issued on the actual
day if weather conditions get worse. A Total • You have an immediate and continuous
Fire Ban usually starts at midnight and lasts
for 24 hours. supply of water available.

40 In a Total Fire Ban

• No fire may be lit in the open.
• All fire permits are suspended. This includes

incinerators and barbecues (BBQ) which
burn solid fuel, e.g. wood, charcoal or heat
beads.

• No general purpose welding, grinding,

soldering or gas cutting can be done in the
open.

40

To find out where Total Fire Bans Don’t Forget• •mT•t hoooT efrRhsYecateohadotuiirnaFgntns.inghregeeetqeeroDurdomteahutnnoaescgkebteeFhserieirnoeRacffwoaoDatrnaimanrdbengieutgdoisoieshfdnrttsefhhiR.creeeiastFiiiionfinrndegitsic.Dwtahateneiorgener
have been declared

• Visit www.rfs.nsw.gov.au
• Check the weather forecast at

www.bom.gov.au

• Call the Bush Fire Information Line on

1800 679 737.

• Monitor weather reports on the radio,

television and in newspapers.

• Visit facebook.com/nswrfs

Lighting a fire on a Total Fire Ban day can
result in fines of up to $100,000 and/or 14
years imprisonment.

Information adapted from Bush Fire Safety • A fire can threaten suddenly. Don’t
Fact Sheets #7 & #9 from the NSW Rural Fire
Service. Further information can be found at: rely on a single source for emergency
www.rfs.nsw.gov.au information and be ready to cancel,
postpone or act.

41 41

ABidasKiictFIitresmts

Your Out & About trip leader will always be • Medication (eg. Pain relief, anti-
carrying a basic 1st Aid kit on all walks and
trips, with a fully stocked, extensive kit left inflammatory, antihistamine etc)
in the vehicle (if applicable). If deciding to
venture out with a group of friends, some • Strapping tape
basic items to include in your personal 1st aid • Water purification tablets.
kit can include, but are not limited to:
Other items to consider can
• Emergency space blanket (silver foil like) include:
• Pressure bandages
• Non-stick gauze dressings • Ear drops
• Triangular bandages • Eye drops
• Butterfly clips • Burn cream
•  Elastoplasts • Ice pack
•  Bandaids • Tea tree oil
• Blister pack • Stop Itch
• Antiseptic cream • Motion sickness tablets
• Safety Pins • Cotton buds
• Insect repellent • Cotton wool
•  Scissors •  Thermometer
•  Tweezers •  Gastrolyte.

42 42

Don’t Forget•• d•K areCe tieetghAep.uefmtcleayksrroubuuossareuesditfsiibnr.iynsgt,ydaoaiiumtdermskqieout.dfalikiafititcealcytoionrnteespnltuascpeotnoaany

43 43

BeCoiCnurnCortcorWcyise

Estuarine and freshwater crocodiles are • Never clean fish or discard fish scrap near the
an important part of North Queensland’s
wetlands and freshwater marine areas. They waters edge or at boat ramps.
are often the largest predators in these areas
and help to maintain the overall health and • Camp at least 2m above the high water mark
balance of these ecosystems.
and at least 50m from the water’s edge.
Crocodiles are potentially dangerous. Never Never leave food scraps at your campsite.
take unnecessary risks in crocodile habitat. Always check that previous campers have
You are responsible for your own safety, so not left scraps.
please be aware of the guidelines below and
be croc wise in croc country. • Stay well back from any crocodile slide

• Obey crocodile warning signs– they are there marks. Crocodiles may still be close and
may approach people and boats.
for your own protection.
• Never dangle your arms or legs over the
• Never swim in the water where crocodiles
side of a boat. If you fall out of a boat, get
may live, even if there are no warning signs out of the water as quickly as possible.
present.
• Never prepare food, wash dishes, or
• Never provoke, harass or interfere with
pursue any other activities near the
crocodiles - even small ones. water’s edge or adjacent sloping
banks.
• Never feed crocodiles - it is illegal and
• Be more aware of crocodiles during
dangerous.
the breeding season - September
• When fishing, always stand a few meters to May.

back from the water’s edge & never stand on Information taken from a Fact
logs or branches overhanging the water. Sheet issued by the Queensland
Department of Environment &
Heritage Protection
www.ehp.qld.gov.au

44 44

Did You Know••p Cr e•rSyo•aS cilAe ntowpTudphtsaieolteetrmoeasSrrlbaihlCaielgatnrrwovhtccetaoroatoeMedncxriodalceCydevsr.iloillcseecaisnbontiadlisrithletyeaemycaisoruoitnnnhsdgtdeitealwiaorgwrnhggsiarece.thsestsreliifvvnoeiarnbdugluperrestinoptgth1ilehbemo.reuert.doinlgocsaetaeson,

45 45

Cass-OBe-Wary

Cassowaries are an endangered species found •  Never stop your vehicle to look at cassowaries
throughout rainforests and nearby woodlands
and swamps of far North Queensland. These on the road.
large flightless birds play an important role
in the dispersal of rainforest plant seeds. • Keep dogs behind fences or on a leash.
Cassowary populations face a variety of • Always discard food scraps in closed bins.
threats and, as habitat disappears, human
contact with the cassowaries is increasing. Information taken from the Fact Sheet “Be
Cassowary behaviour is unpredictable - they Cass-O-Wary” by Queensland Parks & Wildlife
are known to kick with their large clawed feet Service www.derm.qld.gov.au
and this can be dangerous for people and
pets. 46

Cassowaries are potentially dangerous.
Avoid unnecessary risks and help protect
cassowaries by following the guidelines
below in cassowary territory:

• Never approach cassowaries.
• Never approach their chicks - male

cassowaries will defend them.

• Never feed cassowaries - it is illegal,

dangerous and has caused cassowary deaths.

•  Always slow down when driving in cassowary

territory.

46

Did You Know?•• •T w•hM• io enTo TrhtTlrhAdheeheu.eeStsShpoftoaerauanumstltthi8aha1e0n0lerern%0nCbCyaioCraesdfasastssiorhssoswoe.lwawaCrargaayrerysyrsiisostishwttaehhanneerditwehamsoneoprgmlsrdeitm’arseldee3da3ahnirnnagddbQelairmutoraeguoteesrhnesastaalsnbagbinimrgeddrea..enlssicnivleeta.hreed 47

47

SMtianrgienres

Australia’s waters contain many sea creatures, • Ask a lifeguard or lifesaver for help and
including marine stingers. Although they are
generally quite easy to avoid, stingers can advice if you need it.
cause discomfort if you are stung and some
tropical species (the Irukandji and the Box • Don’t touch marine stingers washed up on
Jellyfish, for example) can be lethal. Jellyfish
capable of causing life-threatening stings the beach, they can still sting you.
primarily occur along the tropical coastline
of Australia from Bundaberg in Queensland In tropical waters it is also recommended that
northwards, across the northern coastline and you take these additional measures:
down to Geraldton in Western Australia.
• Swim in stinger nets where provided.
So, to ensure you enjoy your day at the beach, • It is recommended that a full-body lycra
always remember to swim at a patrolled
beach and look out for the safety signs. suit, or equivalent, be worn to provide a
good measure of protection against marine
Prevention stingers, particularly in stinger season, which
generally runs from November to March.
• Always swim at patrolled beaches, between
• Enter the water slowly - this gives marine
the red & yellow flags.
stingers time to move away.
• Look for and obey safety signs.
• Don’t enter the water when beaches are

closed.

48 48

Treatment:

If you are stung, or with someone else who
has been stung, the treatment will vary
depending on your location and what type of
stinger is involved. In areas where dangerous
jellyfish are prevalent, (eg Irukandji or Box
Jellyfish), if the species causing the sting
cannot be clearly identified, it is safer to treat
the victim with vinegar. Treatment for tropical
jellyfish stings is:

• Remove the patient from the water & restrain

if necessary.

• Call for help (dial 000 or get a surf lifesaver

to help you).

• Assess the patient and commence CPR as

necessary.

• Liberally douse the stung area with vinegar

to neutralise invisible stinging cells - do not
wash with fresh water.

• If vinegar is unavailable, pick off any

remnants of the tentacles (this is not harmful
to the rescuer) and rinse sting well with salt
water (not freshwater).

• Seek medical assistance with rapid transport

to hospital.

Information from Surf Life Did You Know?•• •M• A Aa IprAbrruinoiklf.euuatnlsl9dtlei0jnin%gsgteitonrhsfgblsayorccexraanjpesroluelycistcfeiu(snwrhtiesninttisanustgriltosi)tptorlieecccadaulusrwc2iena.s3tlceetmhrssseotfrrhfiosawkmnao1tNfmesro.tovinefgmwsabbteeyrr.utop to
Saving Queensland Marine 75%.
Stingers Fact Sheet #1.
Additional information
can be found at
www.marinestingers.com

49 49

BlOucet-Roipnugsed

The Blue-ringed octopus is the world’s The blue-ringed octopus is normally not
smallest but deadliest octopus. These deadly aggressive and will only attack when
predators are well camouflaged often in provoked. Experiments have shown that
rockpools and coral reefs right around just one octopus contains enough venom to
Australia’s coastlines. These octopuses are paralyse 10 people. When bitten, the bite
small and will rarely grow bigger than is usually painless so tends to go unnoticed.
an adult’s hand; 12-20cm with tentacles However, within as little as 10 minutes,
extended. When threatened, they start the victim can feel prickling, followed
to pulse and vivid blue rings can be seen by numbness, blurred vision, difficulty
along the animal’s tentacles & body. This is swallowing & speaking, loss of tactile
a clear warning for predators to stay away. sensation and nausea. The victim is then left
Unfortunately it is the bright blue colours that fighting for their life.
make them so fascinating and make people
want to pick them up. 1st Aid

• Seek immediate medical assistance.
• A bite can cause paralysis.
• CPR may be needed. Continue CPR, even if

efforts seem futile, until medical help arrives.

• The pressure immobilisation bandage can be

applied.

50 50