Washinton Post - 07 May 2023

arTS..................................................................e1 BOOk WOrLD....................................................B1 BuSINeSS..........................................................G1 cLaSSIFIeDS...................................................G12 cOMIcS......................................................INSerT eDITOrIaLS/LeTTerS...................................... a27 MeTrO...............................................................c1 OBITuarIeS.......................................................c7 SpOrTS.............................................................D1 TraveL..............................................................F1 WeaTher........................................................c12 WOrLD NeWS..................................................a12 CONTENT © 2023 The Washington Post / Year 146, No. 53478 Kentucky Derby Mage prevails to end a painful week of scratches and tragedy SpOrTS american icon Flannel, muddy girl camo, man cards. See the ads to sell the AR-15. BuSINeSS Fears of his own Dean Koontz spins terrifying tales, but he also fights his own demons BOOkS $245 Prices may vary in areas outside metropolitan Washington. ABCDESU v1 v2 v3 v4 Democracy Dies in Darkness sunday, may 7, 2023 . P.m. shower 77/62 " Tomorrow: T-storm 80/63 C12 $5 7 BY SIOBHÁN O9GRADY, ISABELLE KHURSHUDYAN, LARIS KARKLIS AND SAMUEL GRANADOS kYiV, UkraiNe 4 The Ukrainian military has spent nearly 15 months exceeding the world9s expectations. now, senior leaders are trying to lower those hopes, fearing that the outcome of an imminent counteroffensive aimed at turning the tide of the war with Russia may not live up to the hype. <The expectation from our counteroffensive campaign is overestimated in the world,= Ukrainian Defense Minister oleksii Reznikov said in an interview this past week. <Most people are & waiting for something huge,= he added, which he fears may lead to <emotional disappointment.= The planned counterattack 4 made possible by donated Western weapons and training 4 could mark the most consequential phase of the war, as Ukraine seeks to snatch back significant territory and prove it is worthy of continued support. offensive military operations typically require overwhelming advantage, and with Russian forces dug into heavily fortified defenses all across the 900-milelong front, it is hard to gauge how far Ukraine will get. The buildup ahead of the assault 4 the details of which remain secret 4 has left Ukrainian officials grappling with a difficult SEE UKRAInE on Ukraine worries expectations for obensive too high Kyiv eager to maintain West9s support Russian defenses along front may foil big land gains BY WILLIAM BOOTH AND KARLA ADAM LONDON 4 After the longest wait ever, King Charles III finally sat on his Coronation Chair, above the Stone of Destiny, while a heavy golden crown was fitted upon his head at Westminster Abbey, and bells tolled and the people shouted, <God save the king!= It was a globally broadcast spectacle that combined the medieval and modern, that paid homage to ancient rites as it sought to be inclusive and diverse, and somehow rich with pageantry and slimmed down at the same time. That was all a lot to ask. SEE COROnATIOn on Medieval and modern pageantry mark his long-awaited day BY ANTHONY FAIOLA AND ADELA SULIMAN She rode there in a gilded carriage, entering Westminster Abbey in the crimson robe once worn by her mother-in-law. Denied a church wedding 18 years earlier due to the taint of divorce, she received on Saturday a ring of gold, silver, diamonds and rubies 4 <a symbol,= the archbishop said, <of royal dignity.= She walked out an anointed queen: Queen Camilla. Because Camilla, in the end, triumphed. Camilla9s coronation alongside the British monarch, King Charles III, marks the apex of one SEE CAMILLA on A14 Triumph of Camilla 4 and a long-maligned romance King Charles9s crowning moment JoSHUa loTT/THE WaSHiNgToN poST officials 4 one a woman, the other a man. She told them about her son, Timothy McCree Johnson, an unarmed Black man who was shot and killed by a Fairfax County police officer outside Tysons Corner Center. That day, officials were scheduled to make public a video of the deadly encounter 4 which Melissa Johnson hoped would help bring accountability, though it SEE TySOnS on A11 BY OLIVIA DIAZ Melissa Johnson sat along the pier at north Beach, Md., when two White sheriff9s deputies walked by. She became anxious as they sauntered down the pier and came back around. <Excuse me,= she called out. <Yes, ma9am?= The grieving Black mother introduced herself to the two Calvert County law enforcement Thrust into advocacy after police killed her son A grieving Black mother reluctantly takes up torch BY BETH REINHARD The mission was a tightly held secret as two agents from the Florida Department of Law Enforcement traveled to a remote Texas town, hundreds of miles away on the U.S.-Mexico border. They worked for a statewide police agency charged with protecting the governor and investigating major crimes. But last summer, they were enlisted in a highly unusual effort: laying the groundwork for a politically charged operation 4 ordered by Gov. Ron DeSantis 4 to fly border crossers from San Antonio to the liberal haven of Martha9s Vineyard. <Tomorrow we meet FDLE at 0900 and have a full day on the schedule,= wrote Perla Huerta, a former Army counterintelligence officer working with the FDLE agents, in a text message released by the governor9s office; migrants later said they were lured onto the SEE DESAnTIS on A8 DeSantis deploys state police to enforce political priorities MaRviN JoSEpH/THE WaSHiNgToN poST Melissa Johnson9s son, Timothy Johnson, 37, was shot and killed by a Fairfax County officer in February outside Tysons Corner Center. HENRy NiCHollS/REUTERS RiCHaRD HEaTHCoTE/pool/REUTERS BY DAN BALZ, SCOTT CLEMENT AND EMILY GUSKIN As he begins his campaign for reelection, President Biden faces substantial and multiple challenges, according to a Washington Post-ABC news survey. His overall approval ratings have slipped to a new low, more Americans than not doubt his mental acuity, and his support against leading Republican challengers is far shakier than at this point four years ago. Former president Donald Trump leads a still-forming field of candidates for the Republican nomination, receiving about twice as much support as Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis. But Trump carries his own baggage, with a majority saying he should face criminal charges in cases involving efforts to overturn the results of the 2020 election, events leading to the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol by a pro-Trump mob and his handling of classified documents. Biden announced his reelection campaign barely two weeks ago with a video highlighting the attack on the Capitol, and he focused on Republican efforts to further restrict abortion access, limit LGBTQ rights, ban books and alter school history curriculums. Biden9s emphasis on what his campaign calls a freedom agenda was an early indication of his determination to shift voters9 focus away from their reservations about him and instead make the 2024 general election a choice SEE POLL on A6 Biden9s approval ratings fall to new low, poll ûnds Post-ABC survey shows worries of mental acuity, support for GOP rivals 2024 groundwork: DeSantis aims to improve his personal touch. a10 air defense: Kyiv says it downed hypersonic missile with patriot. a22 TOP LEFT: King Charles III departs Westminster Abbey. TOP RIGHT: Members of the Household Division march along the Mall. ABOVE: Charles and Queen Camilla in the Gold State Coach. 8Not my king9: Near coronation, a protest of monarchy. a20 Sights to behold: Coronation Day in photos. a18, 19 WHERE ALL THE WORLD9S A CLASSROOM

A2 eZ re the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 cORREcTIONS the Washington Post is committed to correcting errors that appear in the newspaper. those interested in contacting the paper for that purpose can: Email: [email protected]. call: 202-334-6000, and ask to be connected to the desk involved 4 national, foreign, Metro, style, sports, business or any of the weekly sections. Comments can be directed to the Post9s reader advocate, who can be reached at 202-334-7582 or [email protected]. KLMNO NEWSPAPER DELIVERY for home delivery comments or concerns contact us at washingtonpost.com/subscriberservices or send us an email at [email protected] or call 202-334-6100 or 800-477-4679 TO SUBScRIBE 800-753-Post (7678) TO ADVERTISE washingtonpost.com/mediakit Classified: 202-334-6200 Display: 202-334-7642 MAIN PHONE NUMBER 202-334-6000 TO REAcH THE NEWSROOM Metro: 202-334-7300; [email protected] national: 202-334-7410; [email protected] business: 202-334-7320; [email protected] sports: 202-334-7350; [email protected] investigative: 202-334-6179; [email protected] style: 202-334-7535; [email protected] reader Advocate: 202-334-7582; [email protected] TO REAcH THE OPINION PAGES Letters to the editor: [email protected] or call 202-334-6215 opinion: [email protected] that when you incur obligations, you got to pay those obligations. And if you don9t, there9s consequences, sometimes devastating.= Sen. Jon Tester (D-Mont.), running next year in a deep-red state, wants Congress to look at reining in costs, but he9s also ready to jettison the debt ceiling as that vehicle. <I think it9s important that we take a look at the debt and deficit,= Tester told reporters, <but if it means putting our country into turmoil every time it comes up, we got to figure out a better way to do it.= In fact, of the last seven debt showdowns, just one produced a real plan to cut costs, the 2011 Budget Control Act. Yet eight years later, in a debt ceiling deal negotiated by the Trump administration, Congress broke the BCA9s spending caps by about $320 billion, ending the 10-year law without nearly as much savings as its original plan. Boyle feels as if almost every Democrat finally realizes this issue only allows Republicans to hold Democratic presidents hostage. But he still laments that Democrats didn9t act on their own two years ago and at least lift the debt ceiling so high that it wouldn9t be an issue the rest of Biden9s presidency. Instead, Democrats did the piecemeal approach. Less than 17 months after that last vote, Congress is back in the same debt limit box, unsure how to avert fiscal catastrophe. <It9s no gain and all potential pain,= Boyle said Friday, <and for an issue that never ends up being part of our political campaigns.= two years. All seven won their primary. Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) cast that vote nine years ago knowing he already faced a wealthy conservative in the 2014 GOP primary. <Mitch McConnell betrayed conservatives,= an announcer said in an ad quickly produced after that vote. The issue quickly faded, and McConnell won his party9s nomination by more than 25 percentage points. In late April, a conservative group allied with House Speaker Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) launched a six-figure ad campaign running on websites in 11 Democratic districts, criticizing them for voting against the GOP plan to try cut spending by $4.8 trillion in exchange for a brief lift of the debt ceiling. That amount on an ad buy is a pittance for what will be campaigns that all cost in excess of $10 million next year, and that same group, American Action Network, moved off the debt limit vote last week and launched new digital ads focusing on energy production. Democrats who ran in 2022 have a lesson for those facing reelection next year: go on offense, accuse Republicans of threatening to tank the global economy. <They don9t understand what that means,= Cortez Masto said of voters views on the debt ceiling. <What they do understand, though, is a default, and they do understand 4 whether you9re a business owner or you9re a family 4 you have to pay your bills 4 This is a tiny fraction of the advertising in last year9s campaigns. The 25th most mentioned issue 4 voting rights 4 had almost $50 million in ads backing it. Taxes, abortion, crime, inflation and character were the five biggest topics, all with more than $250 million worth of ads mentioning them, AdImpact found. Most of those debt ads didn9t actually mention the supposedly controversial vote. Sen. Michael F. Bennet (Colo.) was the only incumbent Democrat to face ads mentioning the issue, according to AdImpact. It came in fleeting, split-second mentions of how his opponent would <cut the debt= or how Bennet had allowed <trillions in debt.= Bennet won by almost 15 percentage points, his biggest victory ever. On the GOP side, no one should have been a riper target then Sen. Lisa Murkowski (Alaska), who took the contorted path of voting to allow Democrats to pass the $2.5 trillion hike in debt in December 2021 without having to clear the filibuster. She then opposed the actual vote to lift the debt limit. She faced a conservative challenger on her right flank, who never ran an ad critiquing her vote to allow Democrats to raise the debt. Murkowski won her fourth full term by a comfortable seven percentage points. In 2014, a dozen Republicans voted to clear a filibuster so that Senate Democrats could then pass a debt ceiling lift, including seven GOP senators who faced primary voters within the next increasing debt as they pursued a bold domestic agenda. Some Democrats remain disappointed that they dropped the ball in 2021 and 2022. <Letting people know that you voted to make sure that the economy did not tank and that Uncle Sam paid his bills on time is more than defensible, in any debate or at the ballot box. But that9s my perception and I don9t know if that9s the perception of 50 or 51 Democrats,= Sen. Chris Van Hollen (D-Md.) told reporters Wednesday. <Just idiotic,= said Rep. Brendan Boyle (Pa.), the ranking Democrat on the House Budget Committee. <It9s time to finally rip off the Band-Aid once and for all.= Boyle and Van Hollen, a veteran of debt ceiling wars from last decade, are two of the leading voices to abolish the debt ceiling law, the first version of which was created during World War I as a means to make it easier for the Treasury to pay debts. The current debt ceiling has been in place since roughly 1940. The data shows how naive those Democrats were to worry about voting on what voters see as an obscure, procedural issue, just as Republican fears of facing conservative primary challenges based on this vote are unfounded. AdImpact, which tracks and analyzes campaign spending, searched all of the ads run in House and Senate races during 2021 and 2022 for the terms <debt,= <debt ceiling= or <debt limit.= The independent firm found less than $9 million in ads mentioning those terms. Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto paused at the question, wondering if she ever faced political fallout for voting multiple times to raise the federal debt limit. <Did they ever use that, in an ad? Not that I can recall,= the Nevada Democrat said of a campaign that saw more than $150 million worth of advertising. Sen. Raphael G. Warnock (DGa.) couldn9t remember any of those ads either. <That I voted to raise [the limit]? I don9t know,= Warnock said, confessing that he didn9t see all $375 million worth of ads that aired during his campaign. And Sen. Mark Kelly (D-Ariz.) had the same reaction. <No, I9m pretty certain that that was not a thing,= Kelly said. Cortez Masto, Kelly and Warnock ran in three of the five most expensive Senate races of 2022, with roughly $900 million spent by all candidates and their allied outside groups, according to one estimate. And their debt ceiling votes played no role in their successful reelection campaigns. Someone needs to tell members of Congress: The debt ceiling boogeyman doesn9t really exist. It might help them honestly confront the issues of how to handle the rapidly rising $31 trillion debt, without the over-the-top stakes of one side holding the other politically hostage. In reality, it9s an almost perfunctory vote every 18 months or so that carries very little political risk but could also lead to incredibly horrible consequences if Congress lets the nation default on its debt. In recent years, Republicans have craved the role of hostage taker, believing they can extort a Democratic president into giving into their demands to rein in spending and address the longterm issue of debt. And Democrats have inexplicably cowered at the social-mediacable-news-driven fear that the public cares about the debt ceiling vote. Yet despite repeated examples that neither of those outcomes ever happens 4 it9s almost impossible to find a congressional career that ended over the debt limit, and these negotiations rarely reduce spending 4 Congress keeps wrapping itself in knots. This is the eighth time in 12 years that the issue has landed in the Capitol, in part because lawmakers are so afraid that when they do extend the borrowing authority, it9s only in small increments to last a year or two before Treasury hits the next ceiling. This panic is important because for almost two years Democrats had multiple opportunities to eliminate the debt ceiling issue 4 or at least punt it beyond even a potential second term for President Biden 4 but quite a few Democrats told leadership that they worried about the political look of Despite lawmakers9 ûght, debt ceiling stance matters little to voters @PKCapitol Paul Kane JAbin botsforD/the WAshington Post Senate Republicans at a news conference on the debt limit in D.C. this month. In reality, the almost perfunctory vote on the debt ceiling every 18 months or so carries little political risk, but it could lead to horrible consequences if Congress lets the nation default on its debt. 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sunday, may 7, 2023 . the washington post eZ re A3 Politics & the Nation After a month, she saw a listing for a place nearby and grabbed it. She had started a new job with the Hispanic Health Council doing outreach with pregnant women. That meant she needed a car to do home visits, so she purchased a used Saturn Ion. Soon she faced a choice familiar to many on the hotline: Either she lost the car critical to her job, or she fell behind on rent. She chose the latter. If she had to, she reasoned, she would park her car in her mom9s driveway and her kids would sleep inside while Wiley stayed in the vehicle. In 2013, Wiley was evicted. It turned out to be the moment when her life changed. 8How can I help you?9 At 8:43 a.m., Wiley takes another call. It9s a man in his 70s who is phoning from a landline at a hospital. He sounds disoriented. He says he was just evicted from his apartment and keeps repeating that he only needs a place to stay. He can9t walk far because of his arthritis. He doesn9t have a cellphone. With some coaching from Wiley, he manages to find a pen and paper. She directs him to food banks and makes him an appointment to be assessed for a spot in a shelter. Wiley is worried that she has overloaded him with too many numbers and addresses, but she has to move on. <211 Housing Crisis, Shanta speaking, how can I help you?= It9s a woman calling from a halfway house. She can only stay six more weeks and is three months pregnant with her first child. <Congrats, Mama,= Wiley says warmly. Then she tells the woman she9s not eligible to begin the process of finding space at a shelter until five days before she is scheduled to lose her current housing (for families and pregnant women in their third trimester, it9s two weeks). Midmorning, Wiley takes the first of two 15-minute breaks. She goes downstairs to the parking lot for some fresh air. She9s wearing a cream-colored sweater, big hoop earrings and boxy black glasses. In conversation, she has an infectious laugh. But now she just sighs. <It9s heavy,= she says, looking up at an overcast sky. Especially in situations where <there9s no answer 4 or not much of an answer.= Sometimes, when Wiley puts callers on hold to look up information or arrange appointments, she uses it as a chance to step away from the intensity of the need. There9s also the option of changing her status in the system from <available= to <serenity= 4 a selection that gives operators a little time to decompress. At 11:56, Wiley takes a call from a mother of two children, ages 3 and 13. They9ve recently arrived in Connecticut from Georgia and are staying with a friend, but it9s a volatile situation. The woman is reluctant to say more. Wiley explains that she will arrange an intake interview for a shelter, but a spot is not guaranteed. <Are you okay?= she asks. <Not really,= the woman replies, and begins to cry. Wiley urges her to get her teenager enrolled in school and directs her to the state9s childcare hotline so she can apply for assistance for her toddler. <She has to get that child in school as soon as possible,= Wiley says. That9s the very first thing Wiley would do when she and her boys were in a new area. It gave them a sense of normalcy, she says, plus <I could think while they9re in school.= When Wiley was in the process of being evicted in 2013, she could barely concentrate at work. Finally, she had a stroke of luck. The executive director of her organization helped her get a grant for a security deposit to rent an apartment on Hartford9s Wethersfield Avenue. Also lucky: The landlord didn9t object to her eviction record. For Wiley, it was the turning point. She and her sons stayed in the apartment for seven years. But she could never bring herself to decorate or put pictures on the walls. She had only minimal furniture, none of it bulky. She couldn9t shake the habits acquired over nearly a decade of <moving, moving, moving.= Wiley9s two sons, Justus and Jaheed, are now 23 and 18. They didn9t really get to plant roots, she says. Her older son sought help for depression. <It was just too much chaos going on,= she says. Although they had stable housing in Hartford starting in 2013, the neighborhood where they lived 4 the city9s South End 4 was deteriorating. Their street was a hub for prostitution and drug dealing. Sex workers used to stand in a nearby parking lot, Wiley says, while fights were common at Jaheed9s school. As soon as her job at a wastemanagement company went remote during the coronavirus pandemic, Wiley started looking for a new place to live. She had received rental assistance in the form of a Section 8 housing voucher from the state in 2017, another lifechanging moment. She found a housing complex in Farmington, a wealthy town south of Hartford. Seven years had passed since her eviction, so it was no longer on her record, but her credit was spotty. The landlord asked for double the usual security deposit. Wiley and her sons moved into a two-bedroom unit in 2020. It is surrounded by pine trees and winding lanes. From her window, she can see a small playground. <We love the quiet, we love the woods,= she says. For the first time, she hung pictures on the walls. A question of the system Wiley9s lunch break lasts halfan-hour. At 1:51, she hears from a caller who is facing eviction. The woman is living at her father9s house, but her father died last year. Now her brother, who controls the property, wants her out so he can sell it. The woman is in her 50s and works as a security guard for minimum wage. She doesn9t receive any form of government assistance and earns about $2,000 a month after taxes. But with rents so high 4 and with landlords wanting tenants to earn three times their rent 4 nearly every option is out of reach. Such criteria are bogus and target minorities, she says. <We9re the ones with the bad credit, we9re the ones with evictions, we9re the ones with no college degree,= the woman says. <How are we supposed to have three times our rent?= At 4 p.m., Wiley takes one of her last calls of the day. It9s a man in his 50s. He9s living on the streets and trying to get a spot at a shelter. Until recently, he didn9t have a phone. He says he has waited each day at a soup kitchen for a call from a case worker. Wiley checks the system. It says case workers have been trying to contact him for two weeks. She gives him a number where he can follow up. <Do you have a solution for tonight?= Wiley asks. <I9ll just go to the casino, I guess,= he says. Wiley checks again for any emergency warming centers in the area where he can spend the night. They9ve all just closed for the season. She reminds him that the state9s general crisis hotline is open 24 hours a day. She tells him to take care. <Ok, yeah,= he says. <You too. Thank you.= Those calls are the hardest, the ones where she has few options or resources to offer. When her shift is over, she plays music to relax, turning up <Centipede,= the 1980s hit by Rebbie Jackson. Wiley9s mind is on the future. She is teaching herself a programming language so she can look for work as a data analyst to increase her pay. <I want to break those generational curses,= she says. Her older son is studying to become a machinist and her younger son is preparing to attend the Connecticut School of Broadcasting. Last summer, she took her boys to Niagara Falls, their first sightseeing trip as a family. A few weeks ago, her older son Justus gave her a measure of closure. He told her everything that had happened to them wasn9t all her fault. <He9s like, 8You were always working and going to school. You really was trying,9= Wiley recalls. Looking back, Wiley says there were times she made poor decisions. But mostly, it9s a question of the system, she says. What she hears on her calls hasn9t changed much since she was one of the callers. <You have to literally be at the total bottom before they help you,= she says. <They9re not going to help you before you get to that point.= to another, about not being eligible for help. The frustration, too, is familiar. Wiley hopes she wasn9t a yeller, but admits she probably was, driven by fear and worry during the years when stable housing was beyond her grasp. Wiley was born in north Hartford, home to predominantly Black neighborhoods that were blighted by the construction of two interstates. Her family was <loving and everything,= she said, but never financially secure. Her stepfather struggled with alcoholism. Wiley went to a high school with a lively debate program, which she loved. In her senior year, she became pregnant and had a baby boy. She still graduated. After a year, she dropped out of college and later broke up with her fiance. It was the start of a long period of instability. She had another son and was staying with her parents when they were evicted from their apartment in 2005. Wiley and her two boys, the youngest an infant, ended up in a shelter in south Hartford. Even then, she was always working, always pushing ahead with her studies. At the shelter, Wiley9s mom watched the kids while Wiley worked the overnight shift processing checks for Bank of America. For four years, Wiley worked at Target. She completed her associate9s degree and later her bachelor9s in business administration. But steady housing remained elusive. Many landlords seemed wary of renting to a single mother. There were spells staying with her mother, with a cousin, with a boyfriend. She and her boys slept on couches and living room floors. In 2012, she was living at her mother9s place when it was condemned, forcing the whole family, yet again, to look for somewhere else to live. A friend told Wiley about an apartment available in her building. It was the worst one yet: Drug dealers hung out inside the front entrance and patrolled the halls. The building was regularly raided by police. Wiley remembers sitting at the kitchen table and crying as she tried to finish a college paper on entrepreneurship while people used drugs outside in the hallway. BY JOANNA SLATER ROCKY HILL, Conn. 4 Shanta Wiley sits down in a swivel chair, slips on a black headset and takes a deep breath. Three minutes to go. It9s 7:57 a.m. on a Friday, and the Connecticut homelessness hotline that Wiley staffs is about to open. With each shift, Wiley hears from people sleeping in cars and parks, people evicted by landlords or turned out by relatives. Frightened, angry, vulnerable people seeking shelter at a time of rising rents in one of the most expensive states in the country. Calls have surged in recent years, and Wiley9s job is to funnel a tide of need toward limited help. On this morning, Wiley9s mind is still on one of the prior day9s callers: a young woman living in her car with her 2-year-old child. For several minutes, Wiley just listened to her cry. Then they made a list of next steps to find a spot at a shelter. She9s still thinking about the woman when a beep sounds on the line. <211 Housing Crisis," Wiley answers, her voice light and even. "Shanta speaking, how can I help you?= It9s a mother of two girls, ages 5 and 6. She9s staying temporarily in a hotel in the southern part of the state. Checkout is in three hours and she doesn9t know where to go. Before the hotel, she and her kids were staying in a car, <taking washes at McDonald9s and stuff,= the woman says. <There9s nobody out here to lean on at all." <Completely understand,= says Wiley. <Glad to assist you.= Behind the courtesy is a story the caller will never hear. Wiley understands exactly how the woman is feeling. She knows, because she was once the person calling for help. A familiar choice Wiley, 41, started working at the 211 Housing Crisis Line, which is run by United Way of Connecticut, in January. For nearly a decade, it has served as the central access point for all shelters in the state. The work is a window into the acute shortage of affordable housing nationwide and the withdrawal of pandemic-era programs aimed at protecting Americans from eviction and hunger. In Connecticut, homelessness is on the rise after years of decline. Calls to the housing crisis line jumped more than 30 percent from 2020 to 2022. When Wiley began training for the job, she entered her birthday into the hotline database as a lark. Her own name popped up. Next to it was the name of a shelter in Hartford where she lived with her two young sons more than a decade ago. So much of what she hears on the calls echoes her own experience. There was the man who, when Wiley asked when he last ate, said he was fine with a cup of coffee. Wiley remembered that well. When she had no money for groceries at the end of the month, she9d let her kids eat while she just drank coffee. There are the callers who yell: about waiting on hold, about being transferred from one person When the homeless call, she answers This Conn. hotline operator understands her customers, because she was once on the line9s other end PhoToS by nadia Sablin for The WaShingTon PoST Shanta Wiley, an operator on Connecticut9s homelessness hotline, looks out toward Interstate 91 from a window in the office break room. With each shift, Wiley hears from people sleeping in cars and parks, people evicted by landlords or turned out by relatives. A view of downtown Hartford across Colt Park, a block from the shelter where Wiley once stayed with her sons. <We love the quiet, we love the woods,= she says of her current home in Farmington, Conn. Tysons Corner Center Lower Level near Macy9s, 703-893-4803 NaHoku.com A gift she9ll treasure. 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A4 eZ re the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 he would consider these steps if Congress does not act. First, Biden could declare the debt ceiling, rooted in a law passed 84 years ago, to be in conflict with more recent laws requiring the executive branch to spend money appropriated by Congress. That probably would throw the issue to the courts to sort out, a process that could take years, and the markets might shrug off the impasse as typical Washington nonsense. (Recall that House Democrats sued President Donald Trump after he seized $8 billion in 2019 from other programs to build a southern border barrier despite Congress9s refusing to appropriate the money. The legal wrangling didn9t stop Trump from tapping the funds. The case was deemed moot by the Supreme Court after Trump lost the election and Biden halted construction.) But it is likely that without a quick resolution, investors would demand higher interest rates for new bonds issued by the Treasury, given the legal uncertainty associated with them and possible additional downgrades by debt-rating agencies. The 2011 debt-ceiling fight led to an increase in Treasury9s borrowing costs of about $1.3 billion in just fiscal year 2011, according to the GAO. A technical default would increase borrowing costs even more. Second, Biden could ignore the debt limit by invoking the 14th Amendment to the Constitution, which states in one section that <the validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law & shall not be questioned.= Ratification of the 14th Amendment was a requirement for Confederate states to reenter the Union. The provision was intended to make sure Confederate states did not balk at paying for debt incurred during the Civil War 4 much of it held by small investors in the North, not financial institutions. But some experts say it also could trump the debt ceiling. Interestingly, the Supreme Court has interpreted this clause only once in a controlling opinion 4 during an earlier instance of the United States defaulting on obligations to bondholders. When Franklin D. Roosevelt became president during the Great Depression, U.S. bonds 4 some of which had been issued to finance World War I 4 included a clause that promised holders they could be repaid in gold coin. But Roosevelt wanted to depreciate the value of the dollar relative to gold 4 by more than 50 percent 4 so at the urging of the administration, Congress in 1933 passed a joint resolution canceling all the gold clauses. Holders of the bonds thus were denied an instant windfall. Congress in essence repudiated the government9s obligations, saying it conflicted with Congress9s power to regulate the value of money, and bondholders were left with depreciated paper money. In other words, the United States defaulted. Bondholders sued, and it took two years for the Supreme Court to settle the matter. In 1935, in Perry v. United States, Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes wrote a 5-4 opinion that cited the 14th Amendment9s clause on the debt as part of the court9s reasoning that Congress9s action was unconstitutional. <We regard it as confirmatory of a fundamental principle which applies as well to the government bonds in question, and to others duly authorized by the Congress, as to those issued before the amendment was adopted,= Hughes wrote. <Nor can we perceive any reason for not considering the expression 8the validity of the public debt9 as embracing whatever concerns the integrity of the public obligations.= Hughes9s opinion, however, also held that bondholders were entitled to no damages 4 a splitthe-baby outcome that Indiana University law professor Gerard N. Magliocca concluded was the result of Roosevelt9s making clear that he was prepared to take the extraordinary step of ignoring the court9s ruling if the administration lost the case. The Congressional Research Service, in a 2021 report, said that the limited court scrutiny of the 14th Amendment9s publicdebt clause makes it unclear how the clause might apply in a dispute over the debt limit. Nonpayment of Treasury bond interest <would not resemble the congressional action that confronted the Court in Perry, an express abrogation of the government9s gold clause obligations,= the CRS said. In 2006, Sen. Barack Obama (D-Ill.), speaking on the Senate floor, said he would refuse to approve a debt-limit increase requested by a Republican president, George W. Bush, without a plan to reduce the budget deficit. Five years later, as a president demanding Congress raise the debt limit without conditions, Obama admitted to <making what is a political vote, as opposed to doing what was important for the country.= Is there a way to end this impasse? Biden has indicated he will meet this week with House Speaker Kevin McCarthy (RCalif.) and other congressional leaders. A face-saving approach would be to kick the question of future spending reductions to a bipartisan commission, although there appears to be little appetite for that on either side. McCarthy has suggested that he wants a return of the acrossthe-board discretionary spending caps that the GOP-led House and Obama established as a way to end the 2011 debtceiling fight, a deal known as the Budget Control Act. That helped keep spending in check for about seven years, although Congress almost every year voted to exempt itself from the full caps, according to the Congressional Research Service. Then, in fiscal 2018, Republicans controlled the White House, the House and the Senate. They decided to blow through the bipartisan spending caps set in 2011 and boosted discretionary spending by 16 percent. Biden says he is vehemently opposed to the House bill, but he could agree to enough spending reductions that McCarthy would have something to take back to his caucus. But another hurdle is the GOP demand that some of Biden9s signature achievements 4 such as the environmental spending and bolstering of the Internal Revenue Service that were part of the Inflation Reduction Act 4 be repealed. That is a dealbreaker for Biden 4 yet a critical talking point for many House Republicans. What happens if the two sides don9t reach an agreement? The United States would be in uncharted waters. The debt ceiling was technically reached on Jan. 19, but the Treasury has used special budgetary maneuvers to conserve cash and buy time for negotiations. But those tactics will run their course perhaps as early as June 1, meaning Treasury in theory will no longer be able to pay interest to bondholders or make good on government obligations. That would be considered a default and could cause economic turmoil around the globe. U.S. Treasurys generally have been considered among the safest investments in the world, although the 2011 debt-ceiling fight led Standard & Poor9s to downgrade U.S. debt for the first time. Many financial assets, such as corporate bonds, use Treasurys as a benchmark for pricing, so if the value of Treasurys goes down, other securities could quickly follow. Some legal experts say Biden might have other options, although White House officials have not officially indicated that was about 97 percent of GDP at the end of 2022, according to the Congressional Budget Office. Including intergovernmental bonds held by Social Security, Medicare and other programs, total U.S. debt is nearly 125 percent of GDP, according to the Treasury Department. What9s a 8clean9 increase in the debt limit? President Biden has pushed for an increase or suspension of the debt limit without any conditions attached. House Republicans have said they will not agree without Biden signing on to a plan that calls for significant rollbacks of federal discretionary spending and a dismantling of major laws that Biden considers part of his legacy. Both sides appear to have ruled out any changes to Social Security or Medicare, even though these programs will account for a significant amount of future deficit spending. By a narrow margin of 217-215, House Republicans passed a bill that would raise the debt ceiling while returning discretionary spending in fiscal year 2024 to 2022 levels and allowing 1 percent annual growth for the rest of the decade 4 in effect nearly an 18 percent reduction from anticipated 2024 spending. Republicans punted on identifying which programs would be cut and suggested this bill was an opening bid to bring Biden to the negotiating table. (The House legislation has no hope of passage in the Democratic-controlled Senate.) Biden consistently says he wants to haggle over the 2024 federal budget without a link to the debt ceiling. Biden9s stance is pushing against the tide of history. Within 15 years of the debt ceiling being established in 1939, members of Congress began to use the must-pass debt ceiling increase as leverage to force concessions from the executive branch, according to a 1993 study of the politics of the debt limit by Linda K. Kowalcky and Lance T. LeLoup in Public Administration Review. In 1953, Republicans blocked an increase requested by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, a fellow Republican. The next year, with Democrats in control of the Senate, Harry F. Byrd of Virginia, who then chaired the Senate Finance Committee, was concerned that Eisenhower9s goal of building a national highway system would add to the debt accumulated during World War II. Eisenhower asserted that he had <moved promptly and vigorously= to cut spending but still needed the debt limit raised to pay outstanding bills. Byrd was not satisfied. He demanded more cuts in exchange for a scaledback debt-limit increase that Eisenhower finally obtained from Congress. In the 1970s, lawmakers 4 primarily Democrats 4 began to offer amendments to the debt ceiling that had little to do with government finances, including suspending U.S. bombing in Cambodia or bolstering Social Security, the study said. A pattern soon developed, with lawmakers in each party generally supporting a debt ceiling increase only if the president was from the same party. currently set at $31.381 trillion. Do other countries have debt ceilings? Yes. Denmark, though, is the only other country that has a debt ceiling limited to an absolute amount, according to the Government Accountability Office. (The debt limit in Denmark is kept high enough that it is never breached.) Many countries limit debt to a percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP), the broadest measure of the economy. For instance, as part of the Maastricht Treaty of 1992, European Union member states pledged to not allow debt to increase above 60 percent of GDP, although some have exceeded that level from time to time. U.S. debt held by the public in one-year certificates. This freed the treasury secretary to begin to figure out the best mix of securities to issue, without nearly as much congressional oversight as before, according to a 1954 history of the debt limit, published in the Journal of Finance, by H.J. Cooke and M. Katzen. For two decades, future increases in the national debt were simply amendments to the Second Liberty Bond Act. It was not until 1939 4 during the Great Depression and on the eve of World War II 4 that Congress eliminated all the different limits on types of bonds, thus creating an overall aggregate limit on the amount of money the U.S. government is authorized to borrow to meet existing obligations. That law is the basis for the debt limit today, President Biden and the House Republican leadership are on a collision course over the national debt limit. Here9s a guide to the facts. What is the national debt? This is money that the United States borrowed over time, starting with the Revolutionary War, to fund expenses. Only occasionally in the past halfcentury has the government run a surplus in a fiscal year, meaning revenue exceeded spending. When the government runs a budget deficit, it borrows money from investors to make up the difference. The federal government often runs up larger deficits during times of war, recession and national emergencies such as the recent coronavirus pandemic. But as the baby boom generation has retired, the government increasingly has borrowed money to make expected payments to old-age programs such as Social Security and Medicare. The debt thus represents past spending, just like purchases on a credit card. You can9t just rip up the bill and ignore it, even if you try to restrain your future spending. Why does the United States have a debt limit? It started with a war. In the early decades of the republic and through the 19th century, Congress preferred to issue debt for specific purposes 4 for example, bonds to build the Panama Canal. But World War I was a conflict with unknowable costs, making targeted legislation difficult. At first, Congress established a $5 billion limit on new bond issues, along with the immediate issuance of $2 billion of one-year certificates of indebtedness, in the First Liberty Loan Act of 1917. But very quickly, another law was needed 4 the Second Liberty Loan Act of 1917 4 in which Congress set a general limit on borrowing: $9.5 billion in Treasury bonds and $4 billion The truth about the national debt limit, and what may lie ahead in showdown The Fact Checker Glenn Kessler JaBin BoTsford/The WashingTon PosT House Speaker Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) is reflected in a teleprompter as he speaks at the Capitol in February about the debt ceiling. House Republicans have demanded spending cuts as a condition for raising the debt limit; President Biden has rejected any such coupling. 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sunday, may 7, 2023 . the washington post eZ re A5 election 2024 BY CAMILA DECHALUS Nearly two dozen freshman Democratic lawmakers gathered around a table in a D.C. restaurant last month with one goal in mind: Extract as much insight as possible from President Biden9s former White House chief of staff on how the president can mobilize young voters ahead of the 2024 presidential election. Ron Klain, who left the White House this year and is assisting Biden9s campaign preparations, fielded questions during the nearly two-hour dinner about the president9s plan to generate more enthusiasm among young voters and what more needs to be done to court them in a possible second term, according to two lawmakers who attended the event. <This administration understands how important the young voters are to [Biden9s] victory,= said Rep. Jasmine Crockett (DTex.), who attended the dinner. <The reality is that the president doesn9t have an opportunity to get to every single one of our districts. We know our districts better. We talk to the people in our districts consistently.= Liberal lawmakers see themselves as a conduit between Biden and the goal of boosting turnout among young voters in 2024. Although young voters have overwhelmingly supported Democrats in the past two election cycles, recent polling shows that those in the 18-29 age bracket approve of Biden at lower levels in comparison with older age groups. Young voters also have expressed a desire for new blood in Democratic Party leadership. Some have cited Biden9s age; he would be 82 by the time he was sworn in for a second term. Others have pointed to a desire for more action on issues that are of high importance to younger votes, including climate change, immigration and gun control. Several liberal lawmakers said they enthusiastically support Biden9s reelection effort but also see this moment as an opportunity to push the president on issues that are of concern to young, leftleaning voters. <It9s about bargaining chips. It9s about organizing. It9s about building a good relationship. And through that relationship, hopefully, getting the kind of legislation & executive actions and proposed policies that we want to see as young people,= said Rep. Maxwell Frost (D-Fla.), who did not attend the dinner with Klain but, at age 26, is the first member of Gen Z to be elected to Congress. Young voters play an important role in presidential and midterm elections. In 2020, exit polls found that 60 percent of voters under 30 supported Biden over Trump, a larger margin than in any other age group. And support for Biden in the group was slightly higher than it was in 2016 for Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton, who received 55 percent of support from this age group. Democratic lawmakers say that young voters turning out for Biden are just as important for congressional races. In the 2024 midterms, 34 Senate seats are up for reelection, with Democrats defending 23 of them. On the House side, Democrats are targeting 31 Republican-held seats to take back control of the chamber, according to a list from the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee. <I need for young people to not be complacent and not allow that apathy to set in,= said Rep. Jamaal Bowman (D-N.Y.).<We got to organize in every corner of this country.= Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-N.Y.), who also has publicly criticized Biden9s immigration policies, said she will support the Democratic presidential nominee but understands young voters9 apprehension about Biden. <There is a lot of frustration with the status quo, as it is particularly around issues that are really important to young people 4 climate, immigration, criminal justice reform,= she said. Since Biden announced his reelection bid, his campaign has focused on increasing digital engagement with young voters, said a campaign official. That includes engaging with social media influencers; the campaign recently hosted a briefing call with socialmedia influencer managers. And Biden9s campaign announcement was followed quickly by endorsements from NextGen PAC, one of the largest youth voter organizations, and MoveOn, a liberal advocacy group. Cristina Tzintzún Ramirez, the NextGen president and executive director, said Biden is the only candidate who stands <with women, with working people, and that stands on the side to tackle the climate crisis and tackle gun safety.= <They have listened and responded, and that9s why we9re endorsing him, because ultimately, young people really care about progressive policies. And no administration in my lifetime has passed more progressive policy or done more on the issues that young people care about than this administration,= she said. The executive director of Alliance for Youth Action, a national network seeking to mobilize young voters, said this bloc of voters wants to know that Biden will continue to advance policies that address issues such as climate change and student loan debt. <Young people still want to see results delivered to them,= Dakota Hall said. <And I think the more that they go out there in terms of messaging and in terms of what Biden has been able to achieve for young people . . . I think that is going to be enough to propel Joe Biden to win young voters.= When Biden ran for president in 2020, he tried to appeal to young voters with specific policy proposals, including forgiving some student loan debt, protecting <dreamers= under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, rolling back Trumpera immigration policies and addressing climate change. But, in office, the president eventually faced several legal challenges to some of his key campaign promises. Last year, after Biden announced his plan to cancel some student loan debt, Republicans and conservative groups filed multiple lawsuits to block that initiative. The issue is now in front of the Supreme Court, and a decision on the legality of the program is expected next month. Congress has not been able to send Biden legislation to sign to codify DACA, a program that protects nearly 800,000 young undocumented immigrants known as dreamers who were brought to the United States when they were children. In January, Biden also implemented more border restrictions to cut the flow of migrants entering the country unlawfully, drawing the ire of immigrant advocacy groups. Rep. Greg Casar (D-Tex.), who has criticized Biden9s immigration policies, told The Post he is <on board= with Biden9s reelection but will be <pushing him really hard to stand up for immigrants9 rights.= <The president will recognize that he should be not just the most pro-labor president in generations, and not just a president that gets things done, but also be a more pro-immigrant president,= Casar said. Biden also has tried to make good on his campaign promises of addressing climate change by undoing several Trump-era environmental rollbacks and reinstating dozens of environmental regulations. One of his signature legislative accomplishments, the Inflation Reduction Act, included $370 billion for climate-related efforts. But last month, the Biden administration approved a controversial Alaska oil drilling project, a move heavily criticized by environmental groups. <We9ve made good progress, but the progress is not complete, and the progress is nowhere where it needs to be,= said Rep. Robert Garcia (D-Calif.), the freshman class president, who campaigned for Biden in 2020. <The Biden administration knows that, and Congress really knows that, and I think members that speak to younger communities know that as well.= Two Democratic lawmakers who attended the dinner with Klain said he seemed receptive to their questions on how Biden can turn out more young voters and effectively communicate what he has done for young voters. Although Klain is not officially on Biden9s campaign staff, he <has been a trusted aide to President Biden for decades and has long said he9d help the President= in his reelection efforts, a campaign official told The Post. Some liberal lawmakers said Klain9s meeting with the freshman Democrats signals that the White House still cares about their perspectives on the upcoming election. When Klain was Biden9s chief of staff, he often served as a bridge between the more-liberal wing in Congress and the president9s inner circle. <For Ron to be talking to our class as freshmen who are still learning, it really just says a lot about the respect that this administration has even for us,= Crockett said. Rep. Summer L. Lee (D), a former labor and Democratic Party organizer in her home state of Pennsylvania, added that Democrats also need to ensure that they are talking about what Biden can do that will help young people in the months ahead of the election. <The best thing that we can do right now is to allow those of us who have an audience with them, allow those of us who have good relationships and build trust with them, . . . do the work that we need to do to get them the general and 2024,= she said. emily guskin contributed to this report. Liberal lawmakers want to help Biden rally young voters for 2024 JaBin BoTsford/The WashingTon PosT Democratic Reps. Summer L. Lee (Pa.), Jasmine Crockett (Tex.), Becca Balint (Vt.), Robert Garcia (Calif.) and Greg Casar (Tex.) chat Jan. 31 on the sidelines of a House panel9s meeting on Capitol Hill. 12 NO INTEREST NO PAYMENTS *On Approved Credit* MONTH Call for Your FREE Design Consultation (703) 258-1750 | shelfgenie.com *Limit one ofer per household. Must purchase 5+ Classic/Designer Glide-Out Shelves. EXP 7/31/23. Independently owned and operated franchise. © 2023 ShelfGenie SPV LLC. All rights Reserved. Custom Pull-Out Shelves. Easy access, less stress, everything within reach. 50% OFF INSTALL!*

A6 EZ RE the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 Election 2024 <definitely= or <probably= vote for Trump while 38 percent would definitely or probably vote for Biden. The remaining 18 percent are either undecided or gave another answer. If DeSantis were the republican nominee, 42 percent today say they would definitely or probably vote for the florida governor, as 37 percent would back Biden and 21 percent are undecided or chose another option. The fact that there are so many voters who say they are undecided adds to the unpredictability about the outcome in 2024 and gives one indication of how fiercely fought the coming election will be. Advisers to the main candidates all anticipate that the electoral college result will be determined by votes in half a dozen states. As expected, republicans and Democrats remain deeply polarized on their 2024 choice, with 88 percent of republicans saying they would definitely or probably vote for Trump and 83 percent of Democrats saying they would back Biden. Among independents, 42 percent say they would definitely or probably back Trump, 34 percent say they are for Biden, and nearly a quarter say they are either undecided, would vote for neither or would not vote at all. Those findings mark a drop-off in support for Biden compared with the 2020 results, when he won independents by nine points, according to a post-election survey of validated voters by the Pew research Center. Biden won suburban voters in 2020 with 54 percent of the vote, according to that same Pew study. In the new Post-ABC poll, Trump slightly leads Biden among suburbanites, with Trump at 45 percent and Biden at 39 percent, a difference that is within the poll9s margin of error. Trump has a huge lead among rural voters while Biden has a small lead among urban voters. Biden leads among non-White voters while Trump leads among White voters. White voters are split depending on levels of education, following a pattern that has existed in recent presidential and congressional elections. Trump does best (60 percent) among White men without college degrees and next best (56 percent) among White women without college degrees. Biden does best (50 percent) with White women who have college degrees. Among White men with college degrees, he and Trump run about even (41 percent to 43 percent). Among Americans who say Biden lacks the mental sharpness to serve as an effective president, 12 percent nonetheless say they would definitely or probably vote for him against Trump. Beyond perceptions that he is not honest, Trump has other vulnerabilities with a general-election electorate. The poll finds a 56 percent majority of Americans saying he should face criminal charges in investigations of his efforts to overturn the 2020 presidential election results. Similarly, 54 percent support charges against Trump for his role in the events leading up to the storming of the Capitol in January 2021 and, separately, for his handling of classified documents after he left office. Trump was recently charged with 34 felony counts in New York in a case involving hush money paid to an adult film actress, with the former president alleged to have falsified business records to cover up the payment. About half of Americans (49 percent) say this case was brought <appropriately to hold Trump accountable under the law like anyone else,= while 44 percent say it was brought <inappropriately to try to hurt Trump politically.= Trump has pleaded not guilty in the case. republicans largely defend Trump, with 82 percent saying the New York case was brought inappropriately to hurt Trump and large majorities of republicans also standing in opposition to charging Trump in the cases involving efforts to overturn the 2020 election, his role in the Capitol attack and his retention of classified documents. But a clear majority of independents support criminal charges for Trump on each of these issues. Still, 26 percent of independents who support charging Trump in any of the three cases say they would definitely or probably vote for him against Biden, while 48 percent back Biden and the rest would support neither, would not vote or are undecided. Since Trump9s arraignment in New York, some polls measuring the republican nomination contest have found support for him rather than a referendum. Even among fellow Democrats, most say they prefer that their party nominate <someone other than Biden,= a view that has been consistent in polls since before the midterm elections in which Democrats performed far better than expected. Biden9s overall job approval rating stands at 36 percent, down from 42 percent in february and about the same as the previous low of 37 percent in a Post-ABC poll conducted in early 2022. His disapproval stands at 56 percent, including 47 percent who disapprove <strongly.= other recent polls have pegged Biden9s approval in the low 40s without a decline in recent months. Biden9s approval rating is underwater among a slew of groups that supported him by wide margins in 2020. He stands at 26 percent approval among Americans under age 30, 42 percent among non-White adults, 41 percent among urban residents and 46 percent of those with no religious affiliation. Among independents who voted for Biden in 2020, 57 percent approve while 30 percent disapprove. Among independents who voted for Trump, 96 percent disapprove. Biden9s overall approval ratings, however, are only part of a broader and largely negative assessment of him as a candidate for reelection. Biden has presided over an economy that has included strong job growth and low unemployment but also high inflation. While the rate of inflation has declined in recent months, Americans across party lines continue to express concern about prices and rate the economy negatively overall. markets remain sluggish in the face of concerns that the federal reserve9s efforts to curb inflation will trigger a recession or additional bank failures. Biden inherited from Trump an economy badly damaged by the coronavirus pandemic, but the public sees the former president as a better economic steward than the incumbent. In the poll, by 54 percent to 36 percent, Americans say Trump did a better job handling the economy when he was president than Biden has done during his presidency so far. Biden would be 82 at the beginning of a second term and 86 at its end. republicans have made clear that they will raise questions about his capacities 4 Trump and others do so regularly 4 and the president himself has said voters have every right to consider his age as they think about their 2024 choice. Doubts about how well Biden would perform have risen since he ran in 2020. Today, 63 percent say he does not have the mental sharpness to serve effectively as president, up from 43 percent in 2020 and 54 percent a year ago. A similar 62 percent say Biden is not in good enough physical health to be effective. Trump, the leading candidate for the GoP nomination, is no youngster. He would be 78 in January 2025 at the time of the next inauguration. But in contrast to Biden, most Americans (54 percent) say he is sufficiently sharp mentally to serve as president and 64 percent say he is physically fit enough to serve. Neither Biden nor Trump is viewed positively on questions of honesty and trustworthiness, but Trump, who has lied repeatedly in claiming the 2020 election was rife with fraud and therefore stolen, is seen more negatively. Today, 33 percent say Trump is honest and trustworthy while 63 percent say he is not. In comparison, 41 percent say Biden is honest and trustworthy while 54 percent say he is not. Trump9s numbers on honesty and trustworthiness have varied only marginally since he first became a candidate in 2015. He has never reached even 40 percent positive in Post-ABC polls on this question. Biden, meanwhile, has seen perceptions of his honesty deteriorate. Three years ago, 48 percent said he was honest compared with 45 percent who said he was not. Another warning sign for Biden and his team comes in hypothetical ballot tests. Throughout the 2020 campaign, Biden generally led Trump in head-to-head pre-election polls 4 and in November 2020, he won 51 percent of the popular vote to Trump9s 47 percent. Today, Biden is running behind the former president on the question of whom voters prefer for 2024. When asked who they would support in 2024, 44 percent of voting-age adults say they would Poll from A1 Survey illustrates hurdles for Biden9s reelection bid nee (75 percent), while 64 percent say they would be satisfied with DeSantis. Education and ideology are key dividing lines within the republican electorate. Trump leads DeSantis by 56 percent to 22 percent among republicans without college degrees, while college graduates are roughly split between the two at 36 percent for Trump and 33 percent for DeSantis. Haley receives 12 percent support among college graduates compared with 4 percent among those without four-year college degrees. The Post-ABC News poll was conducted April 28 through May 3, among a random national sample of 1,006 U.S. adults, with 75 percent reached on cellphones and 25 percent on landlines. Overall results have a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 3.5 percentage points. The error margin is 5.5 points among the samples of 438 Republicans and Republican-leaning independents and 396 Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents. growing. The Post-ABC poll finds Trump in a strong position against potential GoP rivals at this early stage in that contest. In an open-ended question that did not offer names of candidates, 43 percent of republicans and republican-leaning independents volunteer Trump as their choice for the party9s nomination while 20 percent name DeSantis. All other candidates mentioned by name are at 2 percent or lower. About a quarter of republicans (27 percent) offer no preference when asked to name a favored candidate. Combining those responses with a second question naming six candidates, the overall result shows 51 percent supporting Trump and 25 percent backing DeSantis. former U.N. ambassador Nikki Haley and former vice president mike Pence each receive 6 percent, while 4 percent support Sen. Tim Scott (S.C.) and 1 percent back former Arkansas governor Asa Hutchinson. Three-quarters of republicans say they would be satisfied with Trump as the republican nomiBiden approval reaches new low point in Post-ABC polls Q: Do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president? Q: Who would you like the Republican Party to nominate as its candidate for president in 2024? What if the only candidates were Donald Trump, Ron DeSantis, Mike Pence, Nikki Haley, Tim Scott and Asa Hutchinson? (Among Republican-leaning adults) Q: If the candidates for president in 2024 were (Donald Trump/Ron DeSantis), the Republican, and Joe Biden, the Democrat, would you deûnitely vote for (Trump/DeSantis), probably vote for (Trump/DeSantis), deûnitely vote for Biden, probably vote for Biden, or are you undecided about that? Jan. 922 Jan. 923 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Disapprove Approve No opinion 36% 8% 56% Source: Washington Post-ABC News polls of U.S. adults. Latest April 28-May 3, 2023, poll of 1,006 U.S. adults with an error margin of +/- 3.5 percentage points. Source: April 28-May 3, 2023, Washington Post-ABC News poll of 438 Republicans and Republican-leaning independents with an error margin of +/- 5.5 percentage points. Far more Americans say Trump is in good physical health, mentally sharp; more say Biden is honest and trustworthy Q: Do you think Biden/Trump is/has... Honest and trustworthy Mental sharpness it takes to serve efectively as president In good enough physical health to serve efectively as president 41% 33 32 54 33 64 Note: <No= and <no opinion= not shown. Trump has the most support for Republican nomination Close-ended combined with open-ended Open-end support Donald Trump Ron DeSantis Mike Pence Nikki Haley Tim Scott Asa Hutchinson Chris Christie Vivek Ramaswamy Chris Sununu Other/None of these No opinion 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 2024 general-election matchups Trump vs. Biden DeSantis vs. Biden 36% 9 18 6 32 32 10 21 5 32 Note: Totals may not equal 100 because of rounding. SCOTT CLEMENT / THE WASHINGTON POST Source: April 28-May 3, 2023, Washington Post-ABC News poll of 1,006 U.S. adults with an error margin of +/- 3.5 percentage points. EMILY GUSKIN / THE WASHINGTON POST Biden Trump Biden Trump Biden Trump Deûnitely vote for Republican Probably vote for Biden Deûnitely vote for Biden Probably vote for Republican Undecided/ Someone else/ Neither/ Would not vote BY MAEVE RESTON, SCOTT CLEMENT AND EMILY GUSKIN more than 6 in 10 Americans say President Biden does not have the mental sharpness or physical health to serve effectively as president, according to a Washington Post-ABC News poll 4 a finding that underscores some of the stark challenges he is confronting at the outset of his campaign for reelection. Though Biden, 80, and former president Donald Trump, 76, are close in age, the poll shows that Americans have strikingly different views about their capabilities, even as Biden9s doctor has declared the incumbent healthy. About a third of Americans (32 percent) say Biden has the mental sharpness to be effective in the White House, while 54 percent say the same of Trump. And one-third (33 percent) say Biden is in good enough physical health for the job; while 64 percent say that about Trump, the leading republican candidate. overall, more than 4 in 10 Americans (43 percent) say in the poll that both Biden and Trump are too old to serve new terms as president when they would be 82 and 78, respectively on Inauguration Day. Yet here again there is a divergence between perceptions of Biden and Trump: About a quarter, 26 percent, say only Biden is too old, while 1 percent say only Trump is too old. Another 28 percent say neither candidate is too old to serve another term. Biden, who would be 86 at the end of a second term, often deflects questions about his age with humor 4 as he did during his recent speech at the annual White House Correspondents9 Association dinner, where he joked that he9d been palling around with founding father <Jimmy madison.= But his fitness for the job has become the subject of attacks from some of his GoP rivals, including Trump and former U.N. ambassador Nikki Haley, magnifying scrutiny on the commander in chief as he attempts to solidify the coalition that carried him to a narrow victory in 2020. <Because I have acquired a hell of a lot of wisdom and know more than the vast majority of people,= Biden said in an interview with mSNBC broadcast friday, when asked why he is the right person for the job at his age. <And I9m more experienced than anybody that9s ever run for the office. And I think I9ve proven myself to be honorable as well as also effective.= About 7 in 10 independents say Biden lacks the mental sharpness and physical health to serve effectively, and about 1 in 5 Democrats say the same. The vast majority of republicans (94 percent) say Biden lacks the mental sharpness to be president. of those Americans who say Biden does not have the mental sharpness to serve as an effective president, 12 percent say they would definitely or probably vote for him against Trump, 67 percent say they would probably or definitely support Trump. Concerns about Biden9s acumen and his physical health have been a recurring point of concern in conversations with voters across the country in recent months, including Democrats who have no interest in supporting any of the GoP contenders. Clarissa Wadley, a 30-year-old independent survey respondent from Philadelphia who initially supported Sen. Kamala D. Harris before backing Biden in 2020, said she is <very concerned= about Biden9s mental sharpness and <not in an ageist kind of way.= Being president, she said, <requires a certain level of sharpness and really being aware of what9s going on 4 and I think in some of the interviews he9s done and some of the times we9ve seen him, it hasn9t come across that way.= She worries that could cost him critical support among moderates and swing voters in an a general election that could be decided on the margins. Callaghan Hemmerly, a 25-year-old Democrat from Englewood, Colo., who participated in the Post-ABC poll, said that there should be an age limit for those who wish to serve as president 4 just as there is a requirement for them to be 35 or older to seek the office. <I think both candidates are too old,= Hemmerly said of Trump and Biden. <I don9t think really anyone in politics should be over the age of 70.= Hemmerly described Biden as out of touch, pointing to what he views as a <lack of urgency on matters that are more important to younger voters= 4 from curbing police brutality to <not really helping in the fight that transgender kids and young adults go through every day,= he said. <It9s kind of like, 8I9ve got your back, but I9m not going to do anything about it,9= Hemmerly said of Biden, who he plans to support again in 2024. Biden9s allies hope that he will be able to dispel any worries about his age by showing his vigor through his interactions on the campaign trail and in his daily activities at the White House. But his republican foes are quick to magnify any perceived lapses 4 from moments where Biden has appeared to lose his train of thought during public appearances to videos of his physical missteps that have gone viral on social media, including footage of him stumbling on the steps of Air force one, a moment often featured in online GoP fundraising solicitations. After Biden9s routine annual physical earlier this year, his doctor wrote in a memo that he is a <healthy, vigorous, 80-year-old male who is fit to successfully execute duties of the presidency.= Biden9s physician, Kevin C. o9Connor, noted that Biden underwent an <extremely detailed neurologic exam= that did not find any signs of neurological disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis or Parkinson9s disease. The physicians who treated Trump while he was in the White House released limited information about his medical records. Trump9s doctors concealed major details about his bout with covid19 in 2020, making his condition seem far less serious than it was at the time. He has famously avoided exercise with the exception of golf, though he often uses a golf cart instead of walking. His annual medical reports revealed that he was at risk of cardiovascular disease. A June 2020 report from Trump9s physician, Sean P. Conley, showed that he was medically obese at 244 pounds with a body mass index of 30. While Trump has some major hurdles to overcome in winning back voters9 trust and demonstrating an ability to expand beyond his base, the trend line in Americans9 views of Biden9s mental agility over the past few years stands out as a clear warning sign for his 2024 campaign. In may 2020, shortly before Biden clinched the Democratic nomination, about half of Americans (51 percent) said he had the mental sharpness to serve effectively as president, but that number slid to 40 percent in 2022 and 32 percent in the latest Post-ABC poll. <I don9t think [Biden] has the mental capacity to be president,= said an independent oklahoma voter named Andrea, who supported Biden in 2020 and participated in the poll but did not want to share her last name. She said she would not back Trump if he becomes the republican nominee and is leaning toward robert f. Kennedy Jr., the anti-vaccine advocate and environmental lawyer who is the son of former attorney general robert Kennedy. The share of Americans who say Biden lacks the mental sharpness to be an effective president (63 percent) is nearly identical to the portion who say he does not have the physical health to serve effectively in the job (62 percent). It is possible that age could become a contrast in a general election. florida Gov. ron DeSantis, who is running second behind Trump in polling of the GoP race, is 44. Haley, a longer-shot contender, has centered her campaign around a call for a new generation of leadership. Haley also advocated competency tests for politicians over the age of 75 when she announced her candidacy. She has launched a volley of age-related attacks on Biden since he announced his reelection bid. <If Biden is re-elected, Harris would have the highest likelihood of becoming president in the middle of a term of any vice president ever,= Haley wrote in a recent fox News op-ed, renewing her call for cognitive tests for politicians over 75 4 which would include Trump. <The question before voters in 2024 is, to an unprecedented degree, whether they want Kamala D. Harris to be president, not vice president.= The Washington Post-ABC News poll was conducted April 28 through May 3, 2023, among a random national sample of 1,006 U.S. adults, with 75 percent reached on cellphones and 25 percent on landlines. Overall results have a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 3.5 percentage points. Americans doubt Biden9s health, mental capability, poll shows

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A8 eZ re the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 who cross the border and its failure to properly vet all caregivers who take them in. <The Biden administration is failing to secure our nation9s borders, and Governor DeSantis will continue to fight back,= redfern said. Court documents show the governor tapped fDLE last year to serve as the lead investigator for the grand jury9s work, which would later fuel his talking points on illegal immigration. The agency declined to comment on its role. In response to The Post9s questions about the governor9s influence, the agency said in a statement that it <serves the public= and its <mission has not changed.= DeSantis has suggested that fDLE should report exclusively to him, though the florida constitution gives shared oversight to the governor and Cabinet. He9s consolidated power under a 2022 law that allowed him to swiftly anoint new fDLE leadership, while also significantly cutting down on the Cabinet meetings meant to provide oversight of the agency. DeSantis has cited founding father Alexander Hamilton as his inspiration. <He would not have liked the fact that you have a Cabinet system of government where the executive power is splintered in certain areas,= DeSantis said during a news conference last year. <for example, fDLE. The head of that agency is all four Cabinet members acting together. There is not actually one person who is accountable for fDLE.= <Hamilton hated that,= he continued. <He thought there had to be one person that was accountable, one person that could make the decisions and you would have rests and turnover inside the agency. <We9re enforcing someone9s political agenda 4 the governor9s.= DeSantis, a likely presidential contender in 2024, has built a reputation as a culture warrior in the GoP by weaponizing state government against school districts that required masks, companies that balked at his education policies and private venues that hosted drag performances. But the former fDLE officials say that the governor is taking a particularly dangerous risk by politicizing a statewide police force with a $300 million budget, almost 2,000 employees and the broad power to launch criminal investigations and make arrests. fDLE is responsible for investigating major violent, drug, economic and computer crimes and public corruption 4 including potential complaints about the governor9s office. <fDLE is more politically directed and controlled by the governor than in its 50 years of existence,= said Jim madden, who retired as an fDLE assistant commissioner in 2014 after 24 years with the agency. <If citizens can9t rely on an independent, nonpolitical statewide police agency, it9s one of the worst things that can happen.= The governor9s office did not respond to a detailed list of questions from The Post about his oversight of fDLE. Deputy press secretary Jeremy redfern instead pointed to a recent report from a statewide grand jury, impaneled at DeSantis9s request and overseen by the statewide prosecutor under republican Attorney General Ashley moody, that blasted the Biden administration9s treatment of unaccompanied minors flights with false promises by Huerta, who has not commented on the claims or her work for a private contractor involved in the operation. The statewide police force9s onthe-ground involvement in planning the Sept. 14 flights speaks to how DeSantis has increasingly deployed fDLE outside its traditional portfolio and in support of his own political agenda, according to a Washington Post review of court documents, state records and interviews with more than a dozen current and former administrators and agents, many of whom spoke on the condition of anonymity because of fear of retribution. fDLE members surveilled buses traveling through florida with unaccompanied migrant children as the governor bashed President Biden9s immigration policies. They rounded up felons alleged to have voted illegally as DeSantis touted a new election crimes office popular with the right wing. And they were asked to scrutinize the crime-fighting record of a Democratic prosecutor who had repeatedly clashed with the governor. Inside fDLE, many members balked at these directives from the governor9s office, which they viewed as political stunts orchestrated to raise DeSantis9s national profile, The Post9s interviews found, and some who openly resisted the governor9s priorities were pushed out. Several former top officials spoke on the record with The Post for the first time regarding their concerns about executive overreach into law enforcement 4 which they said escalated after DeSantis installed a new fDLE chief last spring. <for me it was a stain on the agency when it got involved in this even though there is no largescale election fraud,= said former fDLE bureau chief Louis Sloan, who retired two years earlier than planned because of the voter arDEsAntis from A1 DeSantis uses police to push his own agenda Mark Wallheiser for the Washington Post After leaders he respected were pushed out, Louis sloan retired from the Florida Department of Law Enforcement two years early. 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sunday, may 7, 2023 . the washington post eZ Re A9 after 15 weeks of pregnancy. FDLE officials were asked by the governor9s office that summer to produce crime statistics that would help build the governor9s case against Warren, according to a deposition in the federal lawsuit Warren filed against the governor. Keefe, the governor9s adviser, described in the deposition obtained by The Post how the research on Warren included talking to law enforcement leaders and pressing FDLE for crime data. FDLE collects crime statistics from local law enforcement agencies and shares it with the FBI and other states. <I know that the general counsel9s office had some interactions with FDLE having to do with crime statistics and data,= Keefe said. <There was some inquiry into those things.= In August, DeSantis suspended Warren, arguing that his refusal to enforce specific laws translates to neglect of duty and incompetence. But the order does not contain any criminal allegations that would have warranted the involvement of the state9s police force in examining his record as a prosecutor, said Jean-Jacques Cabou, a lawyer representing Warren. <We were stunned to see FDLE play any role in the Governor9s illegal suspension of Mr. Warren,= he said. <This is not a law enforcement investigation.= FDLE said in its statement that the agency9s mission includes <more than criminal investigations= and that maintaining crime statistics is part of its job. The governor9s office did not respond to questions about FDLE9s role in Warren9s suspension. Help from the legislature Following his landslide reelection last fall, DeSantis is turning to GOP supermajorities in the legislature to help him further engage law enforcement in support of his political goals 4 and to provide legal cover for his past efforts. In a special legislative session earlier this year, as judges were tossing out illegal voting cases because the statewide prosecutor lacked jurisdiction, the legislature handed the power to handle election-fraud charges to the prosecutor appointed by the attorney general. In the same session, lawmakers passed a measure allowing state officials to relocate migrants from anywhere in the United States 4 not just from Florida 4 in response to a lawsuit over the flights to Martha9s Vineyard. On Tuesday, lawmakers approved a sweeping bill cracking down on undocumented immigrants that directs FDLE to assist the federal government in enforcing immigration laws. The bill includes $12 million for additional migrant flights. DeSantis is also seeking to increase state spending on the FDLE-assisted election crimes office, as well as the Florida State Guard, a long-defunct force reestablished last year with a $10 million budget. One budget proposal would more than triple the size of the force to 1,500 with a budget of roughly $100 million and a wide-ranging mandate. Guard members would carry weapons and be able to make arrests. A person familiar with the negotiations who was not authorized to speak publicly said the governor9s office has contemplated using guard members to monitor ballot boxes, track undocumented immigrants and respond to protests. The governor9s office did not respond to questions about that proposal. Glass, the FDLE chief, backed a bill passed last week that would shield the governor9s travel from public disclosure 4 even his past trips. FDLE is in charge of the governor9s travel in state-owned vehicles. Florida House leaders also added $3.8 million last week to FDLE9s budget for protecting the governor and his family. The additional money and public records exemption come as DeSantis is making numerous out-of-state appearances at book signings and political events before an expected announcement that he9s joining the 2024 presidential race. Glass told lawmakers last month he was <comfortable= with the new restrictions on public records and said it was necessary to protect the <security posture= of FDLE agents. Republican lawmakers have defended the immigration and election-related initiatives as part of a broader effort to maintain law and order. But FDLE veterans are concerned that the agency is growing too beholden to the governor. <When you politicize a law enforcement agency, it9s very dangerous,= said Sanz, the former assistant commissioner. <It runs the risk of becoming the governor9s personal police force.= alice Crites, josh dawsey, molly hennessy-Fiske and lori Rozsa contributed to this report. a very clear chain of command.= Consolidating control FDLE was established more than a half century ago <to promote public safety and strengthen domestic security= in the state, according to its mission statement. Florida9s Constitution sought to keep gubernatorial power over the agency in check by having FDLE report to both the governor and Cabinet, which includes the state9s elected chief financial officer, attorney general and agriculture commissioner. That arrangement didn9t always prevent political conflicts, however. DeSantis9s Republican predecessor, Rick Scott, pushed out FDLE commissioner Gerald Bailey in 2014 after Bailey defied what he viewed as overtly political demands, including for a voter-fraud probe. News organizations sued Scott and the Cabinet, alleging that they had violated open meetings laws by discussing Bailey9s replacement through their aides. A court later ordered state officials to be more transparent when hiring an FDLE chief. Scott declined to comment on the matter. Bailey9s successor, Rick Swearingen, sought to dispel any perception that he was <the governor9s boy,= vowing, <If I9m asked to do anything illegal, unethical or immoral, I can walk away tomorrow.= In 2018, when Scott again demanded that FDLE investigate voting fraud amid a recount in his Senate race, a spokesman for the agency said it could not launch a probe without referrals from election officials. The balance of power changed last March, under a new law allowing a majority of the threemember Cabinet to approve the governor9s pick for FDLE chief instead of requiring a unanimous vote. Republican lawmakers said the change was overdue since 2003, when the Cabinet shrank from six to three members. The lone Democrat on the Cabinet at the time, Agriculture Commissioner Nikki Fried, denounced the legislation as a <power grab.= Bailey told The Post he didn9t agree with the change. <It means less independence for the agency and more allegiance to a single politician,= said Bailey, who has worked as a law enforcement consultant since he left state government. Swearingen, who had faced mounting pressure under DeSantis to be more aggressive on immigration and election fraud, abruptly resigned without explanation soon after the new law was signed. <Now we9re in a situation where we have an opportunity to focus on some other issues,= DeSantis said in March 2022 after Swearingen announced his retirement. Swearingen declined to comment to The Post and has never spoken publicly about his departure. At the next Cabinet meeting in August, it took less than a minute for DeSantis to install a new FDLE chief. DeSantis nominated Mark Glass, the director of the Capitol Police, who had served as the interim commissioner since May. Five years earlier, Glass was transferred out of his job as an FDLE director into a new role with reduced pay, according to his personnel file, which classified the move as a demotion. The file, which The Post obtained, includes a request from Glass at that time to be reassigned <due to my current family needs.= FDLE pointed to Glass9s positive job reviews and did not make him available for an interview. Although the settlement from Bailey9s ouster requires FDLE appointees to undergo a public interview, none of the Cabinet members asked Glass any questions about his background or vision for the agency, according to video of the August 2022 Cabinet meeting on a state website. His nomination was immediately seconded by the chief financial officer, Republican Jimmy Patronis. <He has a lot of ideas for the agency, ready to serve in this capacity, so I would second that as well,= added Moody, the attorney general. <Good call,= DeSantis quickly responded. <Okay. Congratulations Commissioner Glass.= Fried was silent. The governor never called for a vote. Fried, who now serves as chairwoman of the Florida Democratic Party after an unsuccessful run for governor, said she wasn9t opposed to Glass personally but criticized a process she said reflected DeSantis9s unilateral approach to governing. Though Glass still reports to the Cabinet, DeSantis has drastically reduced the frequency of its meetings. Since 2020, the Cabinet has met only 12 times 4 a stark contrast to Scott9s two terms, when it met an average of more than once per month, public records show. <His style is to govern alone,= Fried said. <He doesn9t want input, particularly dissent.= DeSantis, Moody and Patronis ta did not respond to requests for comment from The Post. The messages between them were released after the Florida Center for Government Accountability, a watchdog group, sued the governor for public records related to the flights. One month later, Fox News was given exclusive access to broadcast video of dozens of migrants getting off two planes flown from San Antonio to Martha9s Vineyard, a vacation spot favored by wealthy Democrats like former president Barack Obama. News organizations scrambled to learn about the recruiter who, according to interviews with the mostly Venezuelan migrants, had enticed them with promises of jobs and housing on the other side of the journey. Shortly after the flights, FDLE spokeswoman Gretl Plessinger told The Post that Huerta <is in no way affiliated with FDLE.= Asked about the texts showing agents working with Huerta in August, FDLE9s statement to The Post stressed that agents did not have contact with the migrants flown to Martha9s Vineyard. <The steady influx of undocumented migrants into Texas and other border states represents a threat to the security of Florida,= the statement said. <We have long investigated human smuggling, human trafficking, and drug trafficking 4 state crimes commonly associated with criminals who enter, or bring victims into, the U.S. illegally.= DeSantis held another news conference in February attacking the Biden administration9s border policies and endorsing stronger penalties for human smuggling, along with other recommendations made by the grand jury. Glass was by his side. <I just want to tell you what a pleasure it is to work for Governor DeSantis,= he said. <We have a Florida governor who gets it and he understands it, especially when it comes to law enforcement and public safety & These federal failures are requiring Florida fixes and this is the man to fix it.= Suspending a prosecutor DeSantis9s suspension of a Democratic prosecutor last year also demonstrated the governor flexing executive power over FDLE. After the U.S. Supreme Court last summer overturned the constitutional right to abortion, Hillsborough County State Attorney Andrew Warren joined prosecutors nationwide in pledging not to prosecute abortion-related crimes. DeSantis had sparred with Warren for years and recently signed a law banning abortions and it9s wrong.= The flights largely carried unaccompanied minors later transported to sponsors or government-approved shelters. Federal law requires these unaccompanied minors to be transferred to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services within 72 hours, except in exceptional circumstances. Under Swearingen, tension between the governor9s office and FDLE peaked as the agency was directed to photograph migrants boarding the buses in Jacksonville and follow them to their destinations. FDLE members raised concerns about whether they were violating the civil liberties of the migrants, who were not criminal suspects, The Post9s interviews found. In a statement to The Post, FDLE said the federal government did not respond to its requests for information about the flights and who was on them. Referring to the Honduran immigrant who later pleaded guilty to second-degree murder, FDLE said: <The failure of the federal government to report transporting unaccompanied children and undocumented migrants into Florida posed a potential 4 and in at least one case a lethal 4 threat to Florida9s citizens and visitors.= A spokesperson for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services said it does not identify unaccompanied children under its care to protect their privacy and security. The agency declined to comment on how the Honduran migrant got to Florida. By the spring of 2022, Swearingen was out and Glass had taken over. DeSantis secured $12 million in the state budget for migrant relocation and designated FDLE as the lead investigator for the grand jury, which was impaneled to look into smuggling and trafficking. And in August, FDLE agents joined the surveillance team that traveled to the border town of Del Rio. The group included Larry Keefe, the governor9s public safety adviser, James Montgomerie of Vertol Systems, an aviation firm that records show later received more than $1.5 million from the migrant relocation program, and Huerta, who was working for Vertol Systems, according to the texts released by the governor9s office. They surveyed an airport and warehouses and discussed the number of people crossing the border, as the Miami Herald reported. <Perla and I are headed to dinner with the two FDLE agents,= Keefe wrote to Montgomerie on Aug. 15. Keefe, Montgomerie and Huerprobation. <There9s no doubt that the governor weaponized FDLE to effectuate his political motives,= Blank said. <These are people who simply want to exercise the foremost right of every American citizen.= Sloan, the FDLE supervisor who retired early, is Black, and he said the televised footage of the arrests made him think about what his parents and grandparents had endured to vote, particularly his grandfather, who had been active in the NAACP. Sloan is a registered Democrat but said he had no problem working under Republican governors in the past. As agency leaders he respected were pushed out, Sloan decided to retire at the age of 60, even though it diminished his retirement savings. <The politicization of government is concerning,= he said. <I loved serving the people of Florida, but it9s been tainted.= Targeting migrants In the summer of 2021, as apprehensions at the southern border surged, DeSantis seized on the issue that once helped propel Trump to the White House. He staked claim to being the first governor to respond to a request for assistance from the governors of Texas and Arizona, dispatching 50 officers from FDLE and two other state agencies to the border to back up Texas patrols. DeSantis trumpeted the effort at a July 2021 news conference in Del Rio, Tex., claiming that most of the border crossers at that juncture were headed to Florida. Democrats blasted the governor for diverting law enforcement officers away from the state they are supposed to protect. As DeSantis lashed out at the Biden administration9s border security policies, he saw opportunities for FDLE to crack down on illegal immigration. In September 2021, the governor signed a sweeping executive order directing FDLE to collect detailed information on migrants transferred to Florida by the federal government and encouraging officers to pull over vehicles suspected of transporting migrants. At a news conference several weeks later, the governor accused the Biden administration of <dumping= dozens of planeloads of undocumented immigrants in Jacksonville in the past several months. He suggested they were a threat to public safety, pointing to a Honduran migrant who had posed as a minor and was charged that day with stabbing a Jacksonville man to death. <This is not the way you keep people safe,= DeSantis said of the flights. <It9s reckless did not respond to questions about Glass9s hiring process and the decline in Cabinet meetings. Arrested for voting Trump9s false claims that voter fraud led to his 2020 defeat 4 despite carrying Florida by a three-point margin 4 had placed DeSantis in a politically awkward spot. The governor rebuffed calls for a costly, Arizona-style audit as he and other Republican leaders cast the state9s election as a national model. But as <election integrity= became a leading talking point on the right, DeSantis launched a voting fraud unit last year in which FDLE would play a key role. Republican lawmakers passed a bill in 2022 creating the unit and allowing the governor to help the FDLE chief choose agents to investigate voting crimes. Under Swearingen, FDLE pushed back on the plan, arguing that there was insufficient fraud for several full-time agents. Lawmakers adjusted the bill9s language to allow those assigned to the election unit to work on other issues. <It9s like they were in search of a problem,= said Cynthia Sanz, who retired as an FDLE assistant commissioner in 2014 but keeps tabs on the agency in which she worked for three decades. <I never saw any indication of widespread organized election fraud or voting fraud. = In Glass, DeSantis found a publicly supportive partner. Glass stood by his side in August when he announced the statewide sweep of 20 felons who had allegedly voted illegally in 2020. <I want to thank Governor DeSantis for his commitment to making sure Florida is a national leader when it comes to having secure elections,= Glass said. Although a constitutional amendment approved by Florida voters in 2018 made it easier for felons to regain voting rights after completing their prison sentences, the change did not apply to people convicted of murder or felony sex offenses. Police bodycamera footage first obtained by the Tampa Bay Times and the Guardian shows FDLE agents gently explaining to several bewildered Miami-Dade and Tampa-area residents that they were being arrested for voter fraud because they were ineligible under the amendment. <Oh my God!= says one 55-yearold Tampa woman as she puts her hands behind her back to be handcuffed. <I know you9re caught offguard. I understand,= says one male agent. <I voted, but I didn9t commit no fraud!= the woman responds. Several people working at FDLE as well as former agency officials told The Post they cringed at the scenes of mostly Black people being arrested by contrite agents. Two men were pulled from their homes in their underwear. <It9s hard to see an FDLE agent apologizing for making an arrest,= Bailey said. <An agent of that caliber of law enforcement agency should be proud of any arrest they make.= Attorney Jason Blank, who is representing one of the voters arrested in the sweep, said the state faces an uphill battle to prove that his client and other defendants willingly and knowingly broke the law, since election officials had approved their applications and mailed them registration cards. Six of the 20 cases have been dismissed, so far. Five other defendants accepted plea deals that resulted in no jail time. Only one case has gone to trial, resulting in a split verdict; the defendant was sentenced to two years amy Beth Bennett/south FloRIda sun-sentInel/aP FDLE Commissioner Mark Glass, left, listens as Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis speaks during a news conference last year in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., after DeSantis announced criminal charges against 20 people he says voted illegally in 2020. Six of the cases have been dismissed. Paul Ratje/aFP/getty Images Migrants who crossed the U.S.-Mexico border are processed by U.S. Border Patrol in Roma, Tex., in 2021. DeSantis sent 50 officers from FDLE and other state agencies to help Texas patrols at the border.

A10 eZ re the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 elecTion 2024 BY HANNAH KNOWLES Ron DeSantis is dining with dozens of wealthy fundraisers at the Florida governor9s mansion in Tallahassee, people familiar with the meetings said. The visits are giving top supporters more face time with the Republican governor as he prepares to launch his presidential campaign following criticism that he9s neglected the personal side of politics. Small groups of <bundlers= 4 who raise money from their own larger networks of donors 4 are getting briefings from the governor9s advisers and having dinner with DeSantis and his wife, Casey DeSantis, according to four people familiar with the meetings, most of whom spoke on the condition of anonymity to describe private interactions. The gatherings are a chance for DeSantis to build relationships and introduce his likely campaign staff, one of the people said, while another said they help address a <supply and demand= challenge of DeSantis9s national tour the past few months 4 too little time to sit down with everyone interested. Both of these people, who also have knowledge of internal planning, said DeSantis has considered launching a presidential exploratory committee very soon as a possible first step, and allies expect an official campaign announcement by June. Many supporters are eager for DeSantis to dive into the race quickly after a difficult period in which DeSantis has fallen further behind former president Donald Trump in polls of the Republican race, as Trump has relentlessly attacked him. The governor has drawn GOP criticism for policy moves and his comments on the war in Ukraine, and some Republicans have complained that he is too impersonal in his interactions. Terry Sullivan, who was campaign manager for Sen. Marco Rubio9s 2016 presidential bid, suggested <unrealistic expectations= have hurt DeSantis and said he has <a lot of money in the bank and a good story to tell= in a campaign. <He9s still got the best shot to beat Donald Trump out of anybody in the field,= said Sullivan, who is neutral in the race. Beyond building relationships with donors, DeSantis9s allies are seeking to introduce him to Republican primary voters on more personal and favorable terms. A super PAC supporting DeSantis, Never Back Down, has spent more than $1o million on ads over the past few weeks, according to AdImpact, which tracks political advertising 4 surpassing more than $9 million in total ad spending from the super PAC supporting Trump, MAGA Inc. Almost all of the $10 million has gone toward positive ads, running nationally and in early nominating states, that highlight DeSantis9s family story, his handling of the pandemic and his criticism of what he calls the <woke mob.= Erin Perrine, the communications director for Never Back Down, said in a statement that the group is highlighting DeSantis9s personal story, from <his blue-| collar roots= to his youth baseball career. She said that as <more Americans learn [DeSantis9s] story of service, family and conservative values his position strengthens even further.= The emphasis on DeSantis9s personal side brings into focus one of the biggest question marks looming over his expected campaign. While he boasts a staunchly conservative record and a decisive reelection win, he is just starting to introduce himself to voters outside of Florida, has shown flashes of awkwardness, and has come across as aloof to some donors and power brokers. He also faces an opponent in Trump who has a record of exploiting his opponents9 weaknesses in deeply personal ways. DeSantis9s team is considering travel to multiple states in conjunction with a 2024 announcement and has discussed the possibility of an event at the governor9s old baseball field in his hometown of Dunedin, Fla., according to one of the people with knowledge of internal planning. This person added that DeSantis is unlikely to make any public moves before he acts on the budget passed last week by Florida lawmakers. On Saturday, DeSantis was slated to speak in Wisconsin at a Marathon County GOP fundraising dinner. Representatives for DeSantis did not respond to a request for comment. NBC News first reported that DeSantis9s team was eyeing an exploratory committee, and Bloomberg News first reported that the governor9s team was discussing a 2024 announcement in Dunedin. <We9ll get on that relatively soon,= DeSantis said when asked about his plans at a Friday news conference. <You either got to put up or shut up about that.= Roy Bailey, who once served as Trump9s national finance cochairman and attended a dinner with DeSantis last week, said a briefing covered the governor9s Florida record and the numbers behind his reelection last fall. Other people familiar with the gatherings said they also covered the governor9s prospects in 2024. Bailey, who supports DeSantis for the GOP nomination, praised the governor as <the smartest and the most competent government public service executive I9ve ever seen,= and said he9s not reading too much into the national polling until DeSantis jumps into the race and has <all engines firing.= He added, <Then if he9s polling terribly, so be it.= Others warn that if things don9t turn around soon, they9ll grow concerned. Another DeSantis donor, speaking on the condition of anonymity to be more candid, said, <If he9s still way behind Trump after he announces then I9ll be more worried.= The donor expressed disapproval of some of DeSantis9s recent policy moves 4 such as his signing of a six-week ban abortion ban 4 but remains supportive. DeSantis9s allies have long expected a campaign launch sometime after the end of the Florida legislative session, which concluded Friday. Aided by Republican supermajorities, DeSantis has passed almost all of his legislative priorities, racking up accomplishments he can tout in a presidential primary. But the legislative session has also highlighted potential vulnerabilities for DeSantis. As some donors worried he went too far to the right on abortion, others criticized DeSantis9s moves to escalate his months-long fight with Disney 4 now the subject of dueling lawsuits. <This is a big employer inside Florida,= House Speaker Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) said recently. <I think the governor should sit down with them.= A string of Florida Republicans in Congress recently endorsed Trump for 2024 despite outreach from DeSantis9s team, with one of them, Rep. Greg Steube, openly criticizing DeSantis as inaccessible and saying the governor didn9t call when he was seriously injured. DeSantis sits in a clear second place to Trump in the polls, with other current and prospective candidates stuck in single digits. A late April CBS News poll found that 58 percent of likely Republican primary voters said they would vote today for Trump, while 22 percent picked DeSantis. Trump also led DeSantis by double digits when voters were allowed to pick multiple candidates they are considering. Generra Peck, who ran the governor9s 2022 reelection campaign, is expected to be campaign manager, according to people familiar with the roles, while Lauren Lofstrom, the finance director for Sen. Ted Cruz9s 2016 presidential campaign, will take charge of fundraising on the campaign side. Florida pollster Ryan Tyson and Dustin Carmack, a former chief to staff to DeSantis in Congress, are also advising the governor. Never Back Down, the pro- DeSantis super PAC staffed by experienced operatives, has been promoting him and drawing a sharper contrast with his main rival. One ad that began airing last week in four early states ends with a man putting a DeSantis bumper sticker over his Trump 2016 sticker. Another spot asked <What happened to Donald Trump?= and accused him of using the Democrats9 playbook to attack DeSantis on Social Security. Never Back Down spent less than $70,000 to air the ad, according to AdImpact. However, the ad blitz has yet to change the dynamics of the race at the national level. Trump9s campaign last week blasted out a memo from advisers titled <DeSantis Is Burning Through Cash Just To Slide Further In the Polls.= Perrine, the spokeswoman for Never Back Down, argued that Trump9s attacks show that he fears DeSantis. Never Back Down has raised $33 million; one megadonor, Robert Bigelow, took credit for more than $20 million of that sum. DeSantis also has more than $80 million in a state political committee, much of it left over from his gubernatorial race. Transferring that money to the super PAC for use in a federal race could prompt complaints to the Federal Election Commission, but the FEC has declined to punish similar moves. The super PAC has also started to respond to other 2024 rivals. One video recently ridiculed <Mickey Haley= after declared presidential candidate Nikki Haley criticized DeSantis9s feud with Disney, which last year opposed Republican-led legislation to restrict school discussions of gender identity and sexual orientation. DeSantis looks to wield a personal touch ahead of campaign launch riCky CarioTi/The WaShingTon PoST Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis (R) greets guests after speaking during the Heritage Foundation9s anniversary celebration at Gaylord National Harbor Resort in National Harbor, Md., on April 21. He has recently fallen further behind former president Donald Trump in 2024 polls. <He9s still got the best shot to beat Donald Trump out of anybody in the field.= Terry Sullivan, campaign manager for Sen. 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sunday, may 7, 2023 . the washington post eZ sU A11 some time in the D.C. jail. He was released in early february, a spokeswoman said. Johnson said she begged him not to come home and instead to go to transitional housing and an inpatient drug treatment program. About three weeks later, on feb. 23, she heard a knock on her door. A detective from the fairfax County Police Department apologized for coming in the middle of the night but said the matter was urgent: Her son had been killed. She soon watched a news broadcast of Davis, the police chief, discussing her son9s criminal history and noting that investigators were still searching the area where he was shot for a weapon. melissa Johnson said the comments wrongfully villainized him; investigators never recovered a gun and have since confirmed Timothy Johnson was unarmed. <I felt like someone had just ons case say while he was attempting to flee with the vehicle, Johnson almost hit its owner, an off-duty agent for the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, firearms and Explosives. The agent then shot him. In 2016, he caused a car crash in D.C. while driving under the influence, killing a 50-year-old woman who was taking her grandson to a Halloween party. Johnson pleaded guilty to involuntary manslaughter and assault with significant bodily injury, according to court records. melissa Johnson said she hoped her son would one day develop stability. She wanted him to get his life together for his own children, and she knew it was within his reach. But her son9s struggles with addiction got in his way, she said. Court records show he was arrested in 2022 in connection with misdemeanor charges and spent coats and ponchos have gathered at three rallies 4 sometimes in pouring rain 4 demanding justice. Activists, faith leaders, students and local NAACP members called on officials to hold police accountable. As they asked the crowd to say Timothy Johnson9s name, they listed the names of other Black people who have been killed by police officers across the nation. But Timothy Johnson is not Tyre Nichols or George floyd, melissa Johnson said. The local demonstrations have been attended by dozens, not hundreds or thousands. Vice President Harris did not attend Timothy Johnson9s funeral. melissa Johnson said she is worried that as time passes, so does her chance to do right by her son. 8now his name is known9 Timothy Johnson always wanted to be remembered, his mother said. He would pray for a glamorous lifestyle, and drew inspiration from the latest fashion trends and rap songs. He wanted to be an artist or a designer. melissa Johnson loved his ability to dream big. But he struggled with his own demons, she said. Johnson said she had her firstborn soon after high school. By the time he was a teenager himself, she was a single mother struggling to keep him from cutting class and breaking the rules. <I remember telling him one time, 8You keep being hardheaded, and one day you9re gonna get into trouble that you9re not gonna be able to get out,9= she said. In 2003, Timothy Johnson was convicted of stealing a car with his friends, his mother said. Court records from a later weap- <We get this far for them to say no?= Crews said. <I mean something has to happen from here.= Within days of the declination, a judge approved a request from Descano to impanel a special grand jury to probe the case, renewing the possibility that Shifflett could be charged. Johnson said the special grand jury gave her newfound hope. Kershner said he could not describe the sorrow he felt for the Johnson family, but he maintained that Shifflett acted in accordance with the department9s policies and the law. <The truth of the matter is if mr. Johnson had a gun, we would not be having this conversation,= Kershner said. <Unfortunately, and tragically, he didn9t.= Johnson said the presumption that her son threatened Shifflett9s life bothered her. He is a victim 4 not the offender 4 in this incident, she said. <I wish he got the benefit of the doubt,= she said. <Had he not been Black, would this have played out the same way?= An unusual space on Tuesday, Johnson sat at a restaurant about four blocks away from the fairfax County Courthouse. She had a few minutes to scarf down some food before heading to the third rally. She wondered whether it was going to rain again 4 it always seemed to pour on the days they planned rallies, she said. Her voice was raspy. She said she was exhausted, feeling her grief catch up to her. As she ate, she declared she would not speak at the event this time around. <my son was killed,= she said, as tears swelled in her eyes. <I am being thrust into a fight, and I just don9t know how to fight.= But when Johnson walked up to the grassy patch where community members clustered, her energy shifted. Loved ones and strangers who held signs that said <#Justice4Timothy= greeted her with handshakes and hugs. As people ambled toward the bank of media microphones, Johnson said she would give opening remarks. She walked up in front of the news cameras and reporters. She didn9t write up a speech or prepare notes. <It is a very unusual space for me to be in,= she said. <To want to say: 8Yes. Justice for my son,9 but know in the core of who I am, I seek resolution, and I seek peace.= Johnson told the crowd that she was a grieving mother who simply wanted accountability. And the case, she added, is bigger than her son. She soon stepped back and listened to other community members speak about her son9s killing, nodding her head toward their commanding voices. Sometimes she would shout <Amen= or <Justice for Timothy= as they spoke. moments before a reverend walked up to close the rally with a prayer, raindrops began to fall. Johnson closed her eyes as the water washed down her face. A stranger walked up behind her, holding an umbrella above her head. hauled off and punched me in the gut,= she said. <It knocked the breath out of me.= The body-camera footage later released by officials shows Shifflett entered the dark, wooded area at 6:31 p.m. After the officer yelled <Get on the ground,= a slowed-down version of the footage appears to show Timothy Johnson crouched, turning toward the officer. Shifflett fired twice. A third shot seemed to be fired just over two seconds later, as someone said <Stop reaching.= melissa Johnson said she recognized her son9s voice on the footage saying, <I9m not reaching for nothing. I don9t have nothing,= as other responders were around him. <Hurry!= he added, when people told him an ambulance was on the way. Timothy Johnson always wanted to catch his big break, his mom said, hoping that someday people would know who he was. <Guess what: Now his name is known,= she said. 8Why does it have to be this way9 melissa Johnson said the county9s victim9s services division, which is run out of the police department, did not offer her any support, and Davis has never once met with her in person. She said she was aware officers typically didn9t get charged by prosecutors in police shootings, though she hoped her son9s case would be an exception. <Why does it have to be this way if someone was wrong?= she asked. Caleb Kershner, an attorney for Shifflett, said the grand jury9s decision not to indict his client was a fair one. Carl Crews, the Johnson family9s attorney, called it a setback. would also inflict pain. The 56- year-old said she told the maryland deputies about her grief and anxiety over the video9s release and the complicated emotions she felt being thrust into a role as an advocate, repeatedly and publicly decrying police. She needed somebody, even two strangers who worked in law enforcement, to hear her story and ease the tension she now felt when encountering someone with a gun and a badge. The three of them hugged. more than two months after her son was killed, Johnson has not resolved her complicated feelings over speaking out, she said in an interview with The Washington Post. She had never relished the spotlight or been a part of any social movement. She said she always respected that police had an important job to do. But now, she said, she is another Black mother who can9t help but feel that her son was killed by law enforcement in part because of the color of his skin, and that if she doesn9t advocate for him, no one will. <I don9t want to have to be a voice to stand up and fight for my son this way,= she said. <But what other choices do I have? I don9t have another choice.= The feb. 22 encounter began when officers suspected Timothy Johnson of stealing sunglasses from a Nordstrom store in the mall, authorities have said. Police chased him across fashion Boulevard to a wooded area, where two officers fired their weapons after authorities say the 37-year-old had stopped running and begun to crouch. melissa Johnson decried the shooting in real time and said she was particularly upset that fairfax County Police Chief Kevin Davis highlighted her son9s criminal record at a news conference the night of the incident 4 something officials concede the officers who fired did not know about. When police released the body-camera video footage the following month, Davis apologized and said Sgt. Wesley Shifflett, who fired the fatal shot, would be dismissed for failing to follow the department9s use-offorce protocols. officer James Sadler, who also shot at Timothy Johnson, remains with the department. When prosecutors sought to indict Shifflett, a grand jury refused to return the true bill needed to bring a criminal case in court. fairfax County Commonwealth9s Attorney Steve Descano has since asked a special grand jury to investigate the matter, though Shifflett9s defense attorney has decried the move as inappropriate and disrespectful of the first panel9s apparent conclusion that there was not enough evidence to move forward. melissa Johnson said she knows it could be months before the special grand jury completes its investigation, prolonging her uncertainty about whether anyone will face charges for her son9s killing. Since the fatal shooting, community members in rainTysons from A1 A Black mother on path to advocacy: 8I don9t have another choice9 BiLL o'LeAry/the wAshington Post Melissa Johnson, mother of Timothy McCree Johnson, speaks at a vigil in early March in front of the Fairfax County Government center in Washington after her son was shot and killed by police in February outside Tysons Corner Center. MAtthew BArAkAt/AP Fairfax County Police Chief Kevin Davis fields questions in March as officials release footage of Timothy Johnson9s killing. Prepare to be impressed.# Schedule Your FREE Virtual or In-Home Consultation Today! 202-996-3561 DC 301-264-8319 MD 703-552-4050 VA MHIC#28743 District of Columbia Basic Business License #420214000004 Virginia Class A Contractor9s License #2705152898 Do you have a kitchen that just isn9t your style anymore? Coupon must be presented at the time of estimate. Offer cannot be combined with any other discounts. Subject to credit approval. 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a12 eZ su the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 The World suDan Envoys begin talks to end conflict Sudan9s warring sides began talks Saturday that aim to firm up a shaky cease-fire after three weeks of fierce fighting that has killed hundreds and pushed the African country to the brink of collapse, the United States and Saudi Arabia said. The negotiations, the first between the Sudanese military and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces, or RSF, since the fighting broke out on April 15, were underway in Saudi Arabia9s coastal city of Jiddah, on the Red Sea, according to a joint SaudiU.S. statement. The talks are part of a diplomatic initiative proposed by Riyadh and Washington that aims to stop the fighting, which has turned Sudan9s capital, Khartoum, and other urban areas into battlefields and pushed hundreds of thousands from their homes. In their joint statement, Saudi Arabia and the United States urged both parties to <actively engage in the talks towards a cease-fire and end to the conflict, which will spare the Sudanese people9s suffering.= The statement did not offer a time frame for the talks, though it was expected the initial session could last two to three days. The talks come after concerted efforts by Riyadh and other international powers to pressure the warring sides in Sudan to the negotiating table. Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan al-Saud welcomed the negotiators to Jiddah, saying on Twitter that he hoped the talks would restore <security and stability= in Sudan. Since a 2021 coup that upended Sudan9s transition to democracy, the kingdom has been mediating between the ruling generals and a prodemocracy movement. After Sudan9s top two generals 4 commanders of the military and the paramilitary 4 turned on each other after months of tensions and the latest fighting broke out in April, Jeddah became a hub for those evacuated from Port Sudan. 4 Associated Press DemoCRatiC RepubliC of Congo More than 200 dead in flash floods in east The death toll from flash floods and landslides in the Democratic Republic of Congo9s east has risen beyond 200, with many more people still missing, according to local authorities in the province of South Kivu. Rivers broke their banks in villages in the territory of Kalehe close to the shores of Lake Kivu. Authorities also reported that scores of people were injured. South Kivu Gov. Théo Ngwabidje visited the area to see the destruction for himself, and posted on his Twitter account that the provincial government had dispatched medical, shelter and food supplies. Several main roads to the affected area have been made impassable by the rains, hampering the relief efforts. President Félix Tshisekedi has declared a national day of mourning on Monday to honor the victims, and the central government is sending a crisis management team to South Kivu to support the provincial government. Heavy rains in recent days have brought misery to thousands in East Africa, including parts of Uganda and Kenya. 4 Associated Press Thousands of Israelis protest judicial overhaul plan: Tens of thousands of Israelis gathered Saturday for a demonstration against a contentious government plan to overhaul the judiciary, demanding that the changes be scrapped rather than delayed. The protests have been held on a weekly basis for most of the year, continuing despite Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announcing in March that he was postponing the proposed changes to reach a compromise agreement. Organizers of the protests, now in their 18th week, say they want to ramp up the pressure on Netanyahu9s government and lawmakers after parliament resumed its work this past week following a month-long recess. The plan would give Netanyahu, who is on trial on corruption charges, and his partners in Israel9s most hard-line coalition in its history the final say in appointing judges. It would also give parliament authority to overturn Supreme Court decisions and limit the court9s ability to review laws. Burials held in Serbia for victims of mass killings: Heartwrenching cries echoed as funerals were held in Serbia on Saturday for some of the victims of two mass killings that happened just a day apart this past week, leaving 17 people dead and 21 wounded, many of them children. The shootings on Wednesday in a school in Belgrade and on Thursday in a rural area south of the capital city have left the nation stunned with grief and disbelief. Though Serbia is awash with weapons and no stranger to crisis situations following the wars of the 1990s, a school shooting like the one on Wednesday had never happened before. The most recent previous mass shooting was in 2013, when a war veteran killed 13 people. Authorities said the shooter on Wednesday was a 13-year-old boy who opened fire on his fellow students, killing seven girls, a boy and a school guard. A day later, a 20-year-old man opened fire randomly in two villages in central Serbia, killing eight people. 4 From news services Digest BY KAREEM FAHIM AND ZEYNEP KARATAS ISTANBUL 4 For Kemal Sen, a locksmith, the two issues that mattered most to him as he prepared to cast his vote in a critical Turkish election were <stability and the economy,= though he seemed most concerned with his wallet. <Our buying power is less, as it is in most of the world, but I think it9s hurt Turkey more,= he said. In interviews across Istanbul, many voters expressed similar anxiety about the state of their finances ahead of pivotal presidential and parliamentary elections on May 14 that have caught an uneasy country at a moment of colliding calamities 4 including stubborn economic hardship and the aftermath of deadly earthquakes that killed more than 50,000 people and left large parts of the its south in ruins. In an election being closely watched around the world 4 one that could have consequences for Turkey9s ties with Europe, the Middle East and the United States, as well as for conflicts from Syria to Ukraine 4 many voters are preoccupied with bread-and-butter issues. Their concerns have left Turkey9s longtime leader, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, 69, facing an unusually unified band of opposition parties and more vulnerable to a challenge than at any other time during his two decades in power. Erdogan had to be defeated, some voters said, citing concerns such as a deficit of freedom and democracy, the influx of refugees or rising violence against women. Even some supporters said he deserved censure, though they were not sure he should be replaced. They were united in their concerns about the economy, marked over the past few years by soaring inflation and the collapse of Turkey9s currency. Last year, <if you were able to buy 10 kilos of meat, now you can only afford eight kilos,= said Sen, who is 39 and married with four daughters. Goods that were imported at his store had become more expensive because of the exchange rate. Though he criticized Erdogan for the state of the economy, he was <hopeful= that the worst of the crisis had passed. <I would like for Erdogan to win one more time, even if it is the last time, at least for the country to get back to stability,= he said 4 a term that for him included Erdogan9s focus on making Turkey a military power that produced its own defense hardware. Erdogan <does have his issues, but I don9t find his opponent to be a real opponent,= he said, referring to Kemal Kilicdaroglu, a 74-year old, soft-spoken former civil servant who is the chosen candidate of the six opposition parties. <All they do is criticize what Erdogan does and they don9t say anything productive,= he said. Duygu Celik, 44, was a homemaker until eight months ago, when high inflation forced her to find work as a cleaner in a stationery shop to provide her family with extra income. She blamed the faltering economy on <Syrians and other foreigners= who had settled in Turkey. <This is not an issue of racism for me,= she said. <I know that they9ve had a war in their country. But I don9t find it right that they9re here. For example, I can9t pay 14,000 lira in rent,= she said, or about $720 per month. <I earn minimum wage, which is 8,500 lira [per month]. And my husband also works. We have a student in university. We barely make ends meet.= Her son, in college, was eligible to travel abroad for an exchange program, <but we can9t afford that,= she said. She was more anguished that her son wanted to leave Turkey for good. <I want him to live here, and add things to our country here.= The reason her son wanted to emigrate, she said, was <Erdogan.= She had voted for Erdogan in the past but had become dismayed by allegations of government corruption 4 over the possibility that some were <perhaps putting stuff in their pockets.= <It9s hard for me to say this as someone who has previously voted for them,= she said. <I am not going to be voting for them again.= Her preferred candidate was Muharrem Ince, a former high school physics teacher who previously ran and lost against Erdogan. His candidacy has caused consternation among other opposition groups, who fear he could split the anti-Erdogan vote. Celik said she most regretted voting in Erdogan9s favor during a 2017 referendum that granted him broad powers and changed Turkey9s system of government from a parliamentary to a presidential system. <One person should not be running the entire country,= she said. Hatice Ozaydin, 68, bought a stationery shop in Istanbul9s Sirinevler neighborhood with her son three years ago, as the economy started tumbling. She doubts they would have been able to afford it today. <Everything is so expensive 4 vegetables, restaurants,= she said. She didn9t know the reasons for the economic downturn and rising inflation, she said, but <it9s never happened like this before. It was never like it is now.= As she spoke, the roar of fighter jets could be heard overheard, one of several demonstrations of military strength that Erdogan has used to appeal to voters. She had no sympathy for Turkey9s political opposition, claiming they were affiliated with the militant Kurdistan Workers9 Party, or PKK 4 an apparent reference to support Kilicdaroglu has received from a major pro-Kurdish opposition party. In recent weeks, Erdogan and his allies have relentlessly tried to tar the opposition, accusing them of links to terrorism and sympathy with LGBTQ people. As for her vote, Ozaydin said, <I am going to give it to Erdogan again, even if the economy is bad.= In a square in Sirinevler, near the metro-bus station that commuters use to travel to central Istanbul, Nuri Bora Demir, 28, said the election made him think about <the difference, in just a few years, in my living standard.= Demir, who works at a customs company, is married with an infant son. Turks like him used to plan vacations, he said. <Now I can9t afford to buy anything.= In Turkey9s current environment, he said, there was a lack of opportunity for people his age. College graduates could only look forward to state jobs, as police officers, or <cashiers at Burger King,= he said. <It all goes back to the economy,= he said. But the election would not necessarily solve anything. <When I look at my age group, I don9t see a candidate for us.= <If you look at the candidates,= he said, <they are all pretty old.= The main issue in the election <is actually freedom, for me,= said Yunus Emre Hasbek, 24, as he sat with friends outside Bahcesehir University in the city9s Besiktas neighborhood. <Press independence,= added his friend Said, 22, who declined to give his last name. <The economy,= said Ilayda Erdem, 21. <There are issues with nepotism,= she added, saying Turkey was no longer a <meritocracy.= They had lived all their lives under one leader, and for the sake of their freedom, wanted a change. <You can9t say anything about Erdogan,= Said said. <Less government control= was Hasbek9s main hope. <Almost no control,= he added. As election nears, are Turkish voters ready to move on from Erdogan? A faltering economy could spell trouble for a president who has been in power for two decades PhoTos by nicole Tung For The WashingTon PosT CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: Nuri Bora Demir, 28, says his standard of living has fallen in recent years. Hatice Ozaydin, 68, says everyday goods have gotten expensive. Yunus Emre Hasbek, right, 24, and Ilayda Erdem, 21, both university psychology students, cite freedom and nepotism as key concerns. Kemal Sen, 39, says <stability and the economy= are the top issues for Turkey.

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A14 eZ Re the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 after Charles married Diana, according to American biographer9s Sally Bedell Smith9s book <Prince Charles: The Passions and Paradoxes.= Diana, according to tapes released by morton, confronted Camilla at a party in 1989. <She said to me: 8You9ve got everything you ever wanted,9= Diana says on the tape. <8You9ve got all the men in the world fall in love with you and you9ve got two beautiful children, what more do you want?9 So I said, 8I want my husband.9= To argue, as so many royal watchers now do, that Camilla no longer lives in Diana9s shadow is also to ignore the obvious. Take the Daily mail9s royals section, which was very much haunted by Diana this past week, teeming with stories about her gowns and jewels, and a video reel of her celebrated meetings with AIDS patients. The lead item on Camilla, meanwhile, focused on her band of defenders, <the private posse of family, friends and show business personalities who speak out in public and back her to the hilt!= The implication was that 18 years after her marriage to Charles, Camilla is still on the defensive. Coronation Day was always going to be hardest to swallow for the <Never Camillas= 4 the diehard Diana fans who still see her with unforgiving bitterness. Diana Lascelles, 67, a London retiree, said she would refuse to even watch the coronation. <If Diana were alive, and if Charles had stayed married to her, and they were being crowned, it would be a completely different coronation,= she said. <She would have carried enough popularity to see the Windsors through to the next generation for sure. But Charles and Camilla? No.= In an article for British Vogue last year marking her 75th birthday 4 in which Camilla admitted to playing Wordle every day and not being well versed in Instagram 4 she acknowledged that her public journey had been challenging. <Nobody likes to be looked at all the time and, you know, criticized,= she said. <But I think in the end I sort of rise above it and get on with it.= queen. She has become the patron of over 100 charities and initiatives! Did you know the queen <keeps fit= by taking Silver Swan ballet classes? No? Now, you do. <The Prince steadily advanced on the objective that9s clearly his life9s great work: the transformation of Camilla Parker Bowles from guilty secret into the anointed Queen of the United Kingdom,= Diana9s former private secretary, Patrick Jephson, wrote in a recent essay in the Daily mail. <Today that work will be complete. Second chances have been kind to Charles and Camilla.= Camilla especially burst into global consciousness during the Charles and Diana wars of the early 1990s, a period that saw the publication of Andrew morton9s tell-all book describing their marriage meltdown 4 and for which, the author would later reveal, Diana herself supplied recordings. After the royal separation in 1992, a leaked tape of pillow talk between Camilla and Charles 4 recorded in 1989, when both were still married 4 painted Camilla as a saucy mistress. In her 1995 BBC interview, Diana famously opined that <there were three of us in this marriage.= for the Diana-obsessed masses, Camilla became an unwelcome wedge. The public wanted a storybook romance between a British prince and his singularly glamorous young wife. Its monarch-in-waiting apparently desired another version of the story 4 with a slightly older, married aristocrat. The match was lit between Charles and Camilla before his courting of Diana, with the pair dating in the early 1970s. In Catherine mayer9s biography of Charles, she notes that he was introduced to Camilla by the Chilean ambassador9s daughter, Lucia Santa Cruz. She is said to have jibed them about Camilla9s greatgrandmother, Alice Keppel, being the longtime mistress of King Edward VII. <Now you two watch your genes,= Cruz said, in mayer9s account. They maintained contact after Camilla9s marriage in 1973 to British officer Andrew Parker Bowles, which ended after 21 years and two children. They rekindled their affair in 1986 4 five years at her decision to compare their relationship to a steeplechase. <They have overcome & all kinds of & terrible obstacles,= she said. <They have come through and I9m very proud and wish them well. my son is home and dry with the woman he loves.= Since the queen9s death, Camilla has been pictured in earrings, tiaras and jewels previously worn by Elizabeth. She accompanied Charles on his first state visit abroad, to Germany, where a moment Instagrammed by palace officials appeared to show Charles chivalrously ceding a larger workspace to her. A telltale moment of the nononsense new queen came shortly after Elizabeth9s death. Charles grew agitated with a leaky pen during an official signing 4 <every stinking time,= he said. Camilla, by contrast, casually wiped ink from her fingers and signed, too. She then endured many of the funeral proceedings with a broken toe 4 a fact highlighted by the British press as another example of the stoic Camilla9s devotion to king and country. This past week, the palace tweeted out fun facts about the iness toward her 4 especially after Diana9s 1997 death in a Paris crash unleashed a global wave of grief. The rehabilitation effort was carefully choreographed. The couple eventually announced themselves to the world in 1999, tipping off photographers that they could be spotted leaving her sister9s birthday party at London9s ritz Hotel. The flashbulbs were so intense that the British Epilepsy Association warned broadcasters about the risk of triggering seizures. They were later snapped holding hands before they took the step to move into Clarence House together in 2003. They announced their engagement in 2005. Asked if Charles had taken a knee to propose, Camilla told reporters, giddily: <of course.= The two divorcés were married in a private civil ceremony in Windsor, followed by a blessing at the Windsor Castle chapel. Queen Elizabeth only attended the latter part 4 and ducked out of the subsequent reception to watch the Grand National horse race. While her toast to the couple was outwardly warm, some wondered Britons 4 has also revived and amplified tales of torrid adultery. Yet Camilla has nevertheless come a long way in redefining herself from the days when 4 fairly or not 4 she was first labeled a royal homewrecker, even pelted with bread buns at her local grocery. She is seen by some as duty-bound and approachable, and 4 unlike Diana 4 as someone who demurs from the limelight to let her husband shine. During Saturday9s coronation, she at times possessed a good-sport smile, and poked her hairdo 4 apparently trying to steady her crown. She fits nicely enough, some say, into what many view as the caretaker regency of Charles, 74, before the expected reign of Prince William, 40, his elder son with Diana. <There is no hostility towards her. & At worst there is indifference and a grudging acceptance,= said Steven Barnett, professor of communications at Westminster University. Even that was hard-earned. for years, Camilla and Charles avoided appearing in public together, in recognition of the frostof the messiest, most publicly adjudicated love affairs of modern times. In a tribute to the woman of the king9s heart, invitations were issued heralding her new title. She remains in a supporting role to the monarch, but she will drop the caveated <queen consort= bestowed on her since Queen Elizabeth II9s death, replacing it with the purer, unadulterated <queen.= In gilded trappings and esoteric blessings, the coronation appeared bent on celebrating not only the monarchy, but also a long-maligned romance spanning five decades and possessing a force and intensity that altered the course of royal history. It seemed to beg a revisionist question: Were Charles and Camilla the real fairy-tale couple all along? <I think she9s come full circle more than we have come full circle, because I feel that the global public are still reticent about her,= said Ingrid Seward, editor in chief of majesty magazine. <The British public are also reticent about her. But I think in view of the fact that she makes the king very happy and able to perform his kingly duties with humor and warmth, the British people now respect her. Whether or not they really, genuinely like her, I still don9t know.= Camilla9s approval ratings in Britain hover around 48 percent, according to YouGov. In popularity, she ranks behind lesser names like Zara Phillips and Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh. The hashtag #notmyqueen was briefly trending on Twitter ahead of the coronation. A YouGov poll taken last year, before Queen Elizabeth9s death, found a majority opining that after Charles9s ascension to the throne, Camilla should be known as <princess consort= or have no title at all. only 1 in 5 thought she should be <queen.= Camilla is also facing fresh head winds. Prince Harry, the younger son of Charles and his impossibly famous first wife, Diana, portrays Camilla as something of a villain in his memoir, <Spare.= The liberally dramatized Netflix series <The Crown= 4 taken as gospel by many younger CAmIllA from A1 Redeûning of Camilla, now queen, was years in the making leoN NeAl/Pool/AP King Charles III and Queen Camilla stand on the balcony of Buckingham Palace after Saturday9s coronation, which marked the apex of their long and often messy love affair. Build With A Name You Trust LONG® FENCE ©2008 MHIC#9615 / WV#013002 / CICHIC#013490A / DC#2116 *Excludes repairs. Not valid on previous orders or in combination with other offers, orders or discounts. Some exclusions apply. Residential installed sales only. Exp. 5/23/23 20% OFF SALE! Schedule a FREE at-home estimate today and Receive 20% OFF* Founded in 1945, Long® Fence is the leader in the residential fence industry. We9ve helped thousands of residential homeowners improve the security, use and beauty of their property. Financing options are available for qualified buyers with approved credit. Apply online today! Visit us today at longfence.com | 1-800-601-9096 7ö 1945 3 2023

sunday, may 7, 2023 . the washington post eZ Re A15 most people like the royals. We are one of the old countries that has kings and queens,= she said. She was more reticent about the king. <I know that not a lot of people like Charles,= she confessed. <I neither love him nor hate him. He9s trying to save the planet, so that9s a good thing, isn9t it?= The <Not my King= protesters were out getting their message across 4 they want to abolish the monarchy and replace the king with an elected head of state. Their numbers were small compared with the throngs of people there to celebrate the monarchy, but several hundred marched. <Down with the crown! Down with the crown!= they shouted as they held aloft bright yellow signs. Amber Dowell, 40, who works for a charity, was among them. <Inherited monarchy is basically a celebration of wealth and privilege. I personally don9t believe anybody is born better than anyone else,= she said. <my hope is he will be the last king.= But even with growing apathy, many people doubt much will change during Charles9s reign. The monarchy isn9t going anywhere, said Philip Tiwome, 43, an engineer from London, who was walking near the palace with his 5-year-old daughter on his shoulders. <It9s so ingrained in our DNA, it won9t disappear overnight, as long as they stand for what the queen stood for, her faith in Christ, she was very religious.= The coronation procession back to Buckingham Palace from the abbey was the most celebrated moment. It was the largest military procession since the last coronation 70 years ago and the route was filled, shoulder to shoulder, with bands, horses and marching soldiers in scarlet tunics and bearskin hats. King and queen rode in the Gold State Coach, which is covered from wheel spoke to carriage top in gold leaf. Previous monarchs have complained that it is a bumpy ride, like a ship in rough seas. Behind protective glass, the queen wiggled her fingers as she waved. Charles smiled, too. Queen Elizabeth II in 1953. Hers was in grainy black-and-white on the BBC. The 2023 coronation for Charles was for a hi-def monarchy. The colors were sharp, the red tunics redder, and the blue dress on the Windsor Grey horses popped. A lot of the crowd in Central London watched the show on big screens or inside pubs. Danielle Lacey, 30, a tram driver from manchester, arrived early Saturday morning. But by that time access to the mall 4 the main road leading from Buckingham Palace 4 was shut, so she headed to a nearby park with a screen. She was unsurprisingly positive about the monarchy. The royals <bring in a lot tourists. will be a wise and judicious king in his golden years. His wife, Queen Camilla, was also anointed and crowned, but that part of the service took only a few minutes, and looked rushed, an add-on. She did appear very human, fidgeting with the crown after it was placed on her head, like she was unused to such a headdress. The royal kids looked cute, yawning and distracted. Princess Charlotte and Prince Louis, the youngest children of William and Kate, the Prince and Princess of Wales, were photographed holding hands inside the abbey while standing behind their parents. The first coronation to be broadcast on television was for an <homage of royal blood,= promised his fealty <as your liege man of life and limb.= He then rose and kissed his father on the cheek. That was a tender moment. The 74-year-old Charles often looks ruddy and dashing in his Savile row blue pinstripe suits. Here, he was dressed in heavy silk robes, trying not to topple a heavy crown, and had to march stiffly down the aisle holding two scepters. He looked weighted down. The Times of London wrote, <King Charles looked stilted and anxious 4 majestic, if not joyful.= He was grandfatherly, his eyebrows were old-man bushy. He is not a young virile king, ready for battle. But Britain might hope he ties were there to honor him. The service also featured some great music 4 including a stirring prayer, for the first time sung in Welsh, and a new composition by Andrew Lloyd Webber, titled <make a Joyful Noise.= Prince Harry, fifth in line to the throne, was a guest, seated in the third row. At one point his face was obscured by the red plumage atop the hat of Princess Anne, his aunt. His wife, meghan, remained in California. Soon after the service, the tabloids reported he was headed back there, too 4 seemingly without a resolution of his ongoing feud with his father. His brother, Prince William, the heir, played a prominent role. He knelt before the king and, in The commentators on the BBC were effusive, but they always are about historic royal moments. We will see what ordinary Britons think. many, especially the youths, are apathetic about the constitutional monarchy, and a golden carriage is hard to square with a cost-of-living crisis. It was a drizzly, spongy day, the skies were fish-belly gray, and crowds along the parade route held umbrellas above their heads or were wrapped in clear plastic, as they joined in an <homage of the people,= in unison declaring their allegiance to the new king. A planned flypast by 60 aircraft was scaled way back, <due to unsuitable weather conditions,= the ministry of Defense explained. Instead there were a few helicopters and the royal Air force aerobatic team known as the <red Arrows.= Inside Westminster Abbey, the scene of every coronation since 1066, the new king vowed he came <to serve, not to be served.= But then he was served 4 a lot. Items of arcane but priceless regalia were handed to him: orb, swords, ring, gloves, scepters, spurs. Lots of golden things presented by lots of people. The newspapers have been obsessive in their detailed descriptions of every item. The service was shortened to two hours, down from three in 1953. Still, it was very churchy, which might have surprised some who had tuned in for the pomp. It was about Charles, but was also very much about Jesus. In this performance, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, had more speaking lines than the new king. But Charles had a hand in all of it, playing both leading man and director. It was at his urging that his role as Supreme Governor of the Church of England and the Protector of the faith would be explained as seeking <to foster an environment in which people of all faiths and beliefs may live freely.= representatives from the Jewish, Sunni and Shiite muslim, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu, Jain, Bahai and Zoroastrian communiCoronAtIon from A1 Charles9s coronation shorter but not lacking in pageantry Joshua LoTT/The WashingTon PosT King Charles III in his horse-drawn carriage outside Westminster Abbey on Saturday in London. After the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II, on Sept. 8, Charles ascended the throne. To our more than 8,000 nurses4 a million thanks. In the past year, we welcomed more than 1,200 incredible nurses to our team, while we also celebrated the over 1,000 dedicated nurses who have been with us for more than 20 years. 635 nurses advanced their knowledge through our tuition assistance program4becoming even better at what they do. More than 1,000 nurses earned promotions or took on new challenges in different departments here. And every single one of our nurses made us proud as they cared for millions of our patients like family. A heartfelt thank you to our nurses4the heartbeat of MedStar Health. Happy Nurses Week!

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A18 eZ re the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 8God save the king9: The tradition and modernity of Charles9s coronation Yui Mok/Pool/aP richard Pohle/Pool/aP Prince Harry speaks with Anne, Princess Royal, ahead of the coronation. His wife, Meghan, Duchess of Sussex, was not present for the coronation, and Harry flew back to California after the ceremony. andrew Matthews/Pool/reuters ABOVE: King Charles III wears St. Edward9s Crown and Queen Camilla wears Queen Mary9s Crown for their coronation Saturday in Westminster Abbey. RIGHT: Prince William, the heir, plays a prominent role during the ceremony. Ben Birchall/Pool/aP Charles, followed by Camilla, leaves Westminster Abbey after the ceremony. The service was shortened to two hours, down from three in 1953.

sunday, may 7, 2023 . the washington post eZ re A19 ChrIsToPher furLonG/GeTTy ImAGes AndreeA ALexAndru/AP JoshuA LoTT/The WAshInGTon PosT JAmes forde for The WAshInGTon PosT Charles III was crowned King of the United Kingdom after St. Edward9s Crown was placed on his head at a ceremony in Westminster Abbey in London on Saturday. Queen Camilla was also crowned. The first coronation in 70 years was full of tradition, with ancient rites and symbols, but it also sought to be modern and inclusive. Many Britons were watching and celebrating; others are growing increasingly apathetic toward the monarchy, including <Not My King= protesters who want to replace the monarchy with an elected head of state. People watch jets fly overhead as part of the coronation celebration. Coronation Day draws people and pets to Hyde Park in London. ABOVE: Members of the royal family on the Buckingham Palace balcony. RIGHT: The procession accompanying King Charles III near Westminster Abbey. Charles became the 40th sovereign to be crowned.

A20 EZ RE the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 BY ANNABELLE TIMSIT LONDON 4 Just a mile away from London9s Westminster Abbey, where King Charles III was crowned, thousands of his subjects protested against the monarchy 4 and at least seven people were detained by police. <A significant police operation is underway in central London,= the Metropolitan Police said in a statement early Saturday. <The individuals have been held on suspicion of breaching the peace.= Among those reportedly detained was Graham Smith, leader of the anti-monarchy group Republic, ahead of a protest at London9s Trafalgar Square. London9s Metropolitan Police would not confirm his detention, but images on Twitter showed Smith being led to a police van. Ahead of his detention, Smith told The Washington Post in an interview that for many Britons, Queen Elizabeth II <was the monarchy and the monarchy was the queen.= But Charles, he said, <hasn9t inherited any of that= 4 and his accession to the throne could mark a turning point for the anti-monarchy movement. <Things are changing already,= Smith said. <People are no longer worried about criticizing, challenging and speaking up about being a republican.= As the rain drizzled in central London, protesters 4 many chanting <Not my king= 4 were met by monarchists trying to drown them out with cries of <That9s my king.= Tom Andrews, 36, a university lecturer from Nottingham, was among those booing the coronation protesters. He believes <the monarchy is great for the U.K.= because it attracts tourism and provides <some kinds of checks and balances= on politicians. But Andrew Woodcock, 63, from South Dorset, is in favor of an elected head of state. He said the Windsors <have been plagued by scandal= and are not <a very good example of the best of Great Britain.= <I am sure there are people who could do a better job of keeping an eye on the political situation in the U.K., who would help to keep an eye on the politicians as well as provide a figurehead,= he said. Charles has faced many protesters at his public engagements. Hecklers disrupted public events organized for the proclamation of his accession to the throne, and last year he had eggs thrown at him not once, but twice, in York and in Luton. The Metropolitan Police declined to comment on how many officers it mobilized in response to the protest, but it said in a statement that it had put <a proportionate policing plan= in place for the coronation. Police confirmed that they arrested four people near Trafalgar Square and held them <on suspicion of conspiracy to cause public nuisance= after officers <seized lock-on devices.= Police also detained three people near Wellington Arch, across from Buckingham Palace on the other side of Constitution Hill. The individuals <were held on suspicion of possessing articles to cause criminal damage,= police said. Clive Lewis, a Labour Party member of Parliament for Norwich South, said the detention of protesters and seizure of materials were signs of the U.K.'s <gilded veneer of a democracy, on show for all the world to see.= Polls show Charles is less popular than his mother or even his sister, Princess Anne, his elder son, Prince William, or his daughter-in-law, Catherine, Princess of Wales. His wife, Camilla, is even less popular 4 many Britons blame her for breaking up Charles9s previous marriage with the widely beloved Princess Diana, who died in a car crash in Paris in 1997. The British public has had plenty of time to get used to the idea of Charles as their king: At 74, the eldest son of Britain9s longestreigning monarch, himself the longest-serving Prince of Wales, has been preparing for the job for decades. But just because he has been waiting in the wings a long time does not mean he has been welcomed with open arms since the death of his mother. Republic9s goal is to abolish the monarchy, replacing the hereditary position of king and queen with an elected head of state. That head of state would be empowered to get more involved in the country9s political life. Under Britain9s constitution, the monarch must act apolitically 4 by convention, they don9t vote 4 and is bound to follow the government9s advice. The monarch performs certain political acts, like appointing or dismissing a prime minister, but in effect they choose the candidate recommended by political parties. Under the model advocated by Republic, an elected head of state would <be free to speak out on important issues of the day,= though they would have to remain independent of party politics. They would be able to <stop the politicians from doing something if they are breaking the rules.= And they would be accountable in the same way as any political figure, subject to being removed by Parliament if they step out of line. Republic points to other countries with elected heads of state, including Ireland and Italy, as examples. But the new king faces an arguably bigger challenge than unpopularity: irrelevance. In April, YouGov asked over 3,000 U.K. adults how much they cared about Charles9s forthcoming coronation. Only 9 percent said they cared <a great deal,= and 24 percent said they cared <a fair amount.= Sixty-four percent said they cared <not very much= or <not at all.= Republican sentiment in the United Kingdom is gaining ground among young people in particular, though it remains a minority view. The ceremony and pageantry around an event like a coronation can fuel criticism of the monarchy as an out-of-touch institution, particularly when ordinary Britons are facing sky-high inflation. Most say the coronation shouldn9t be publicly funded. Eleanor Alexander, 23, said at Saturday9s protest that it was <appalling= to put on such an expensive coronation ceremony amid a cost-of-living crisis. <It9s a waste of public funds and it9s an insult to the people,= said Alexander, who works for England9s National Health Service and lives in London. Adela Suliman contributed to this report. 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sunday, may 7, 2023 . the washington post eZ re A21 thing interesting with a range capability of 150 kilometers,= he said. <It9s become more difficult for them logistically. But we need to push them deeper and deeper.= Karklis reported from Washington and granados from malaga, spain. Catherine Belton in London contributed to this report. have the ability to shoot at our people.= russian forces in Kherson knew that Ukraine lacked longdistance strike capabilities, so <they withdrew all their command posts, fuel depots, ammunition depots, more than 120 kilometers away,= reznikov said. <That9s why we need someens of civilians have been killed in such shelling in the months since Kherson9s liberation. <They can take troops from there and move them to the east or to the south. And still, they are reinforcing,= Zelensky said. <Why? Because they know that we cannot reach them & and we suffer every day because they missile-defense system, <we also need to remember that the name alone does not protect people,= Zelensky said. more air defense is <priority number one,= reznikov said. Gen. richard Barrons, commander of the U.K. Joint forces Command from 2013 to 2016, said there are concerns that Ukraine9s still-depleted air defenses could face a barrage from russian missiles once the counteroffensive begins. The United States, he said, might have to strip its own systems in order to counter the weakness. <There is a question mark over Ukraine9s ability to control its own airspace,= Barrons said, adding that it had been a clear russian tactic throughout winter to try to exhaust Ukrainian air defenses, which had mostly consisted of russian or Sovietmade equipment. Ukraine is also pleading for more long-range strike capabilities as the counteroffensive nears its start. Kyiv9s partners have long expressed fears that such equipment could be used to strike inside russia 4 potentially triggering a major escalation from moscow. But the lack of such weaponry is putting Ukraine at a serious disadvantage, Zelensky said. <I don9t quite understand, I9ll tell you frankly, why we can9t get long-range artillery,= he said, contending he has offered assurances that Ukraine would not use such equipment to strike inside russia, as some allies fear. This lack of equipment, Zelensky said, is why Ukrainian forces, after retaking the southern city of Kherson in November, have been unable to push russian forces out of the territory they control just across the Dnieper river. It9s from those riverside positions that russian forces regularly lob ammunition into the now Ukrainian-controlled city. Dozed ram for the Washington Post in an interview with The Washington Post, President Volodymyr Zelensky said Ukraine will be ready to launch its counteroffensive <as soon as the weapons that were agreed with our partners are filled,= adding that it would be <much easier= if it had U.S.-made fighter jets. Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant Power transmission lines 750kV Transmission lines 330kV Vodyane nikopol marganets enerhodar |ermal power plant ivanovka r U s s i a n - C o n t r o L L e d a r e a s D n i e p e r 2 miLes Ukraine has 15 functional nuclear reactors, which together supplied 51 percent of its electricity in 2020. six of those reactors are at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, the largest facility of its kind in europe. it has been under russian control since march 4, 2022. able critical infrastructure facilities, including the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, Europe9s largest atomic energy station, which is located in the occupied city of Enerhodar, and the Kakhovka hydroelectric plant in the southern Kherson region. recognizing the formidable obstacles, Ukrainian officials have continued to press for additional materiel from supporters in the West. Ukraine will be ready to launch the assault <as soon as the weapons that were agreed with our partners are filled,= Zelensky said. The timeline could also depend on weather, because of unseasonably damp ground along the country9s front lines. reznikov said that Ukraine9s <first assault formation= is more than 90 percent prepared to begin but that some designated troops are still finishing training programs abroad. The huge front line creates numerous potential avenues of attack. Ukraine could focus its efforts south and attempt to seize the city of melitopol, which russia has established as the occupied regional capital of Zaporizhzhia, and then push forward in an effort to sever the land bridge. Ukraine could also attack Crimea itself, probably with naval operations and possibly even beach landings. Satellite imagery shows extensive trenches that russian forces have dug in preparation for a potential assault. other scenarios could see the Ukrainians attacking east through the fiercely embattled city of Bakhmut, or from the town of Kupiansk, in a push to regain control of areas in the Luhansk region. Yevgeniy Prigozhin, the founder of russia9s Wagner mercenary group, has threatened to withdraw his forces from Bakhmut, which would leave the city vulnerable. Another option would be for the Ukrainians to attack russian positions through the southern city of Vuhledar toward occupied mariupol on the Sea of Azov. Zelensky said he would consider reoccupying any Ukrainian territory to be <a success.= <I can9t tell you which towns or cities, which borders are a significant success for us and which are average & only because I don9t want to prepare russia for how, in which directions, and where and when we will be,= he said. Ideally, reznikov said, the offensive will not only liberate villages and cities but also <cut logistic chains of [russian] troops= and <reduce their offensive capacity.= Western leaders insist Ukraine is well-equipped for the fight ahead. But U.S. intelligence assessments disclosed in a massive leak of classified documents on the Discord forum revealed U.S. misgivings about Ukraine9s ability to make major progress this spring, in part due to assessed <deficiencies in training and munitions supplies.= <We are currently losing in the sky,= Zelensky said in the interview with The Post in Kyiv. The Ukrainian president has been pleading for American-made f16s. President Biden has pointedly denied the request, saying Zelensky does not need the planes. Zelensky said that Ukraine will not wait for more fighter jets to start the offensive but that <it would be much easier for us= if they had them. And although Ukraine recently received the U.S.-made Patriot question: What outcome will be enough to impress the West, especially Washington? Some fear that if the Ukrainians fall short, Kyiv may lose international military assistance or face new pressure to engage with moscow at a negotiating table 4 not on the battlefield. Such talks would almost certainly involve russian demands for a negotiated surrender of sovereign territory, which Ukraine has called unacceptable. <I believe that the more victories we have on the battlefield, frankly, the more people will believe in us, which means we will get more help,= President Volodymyr Zelensky said in an interview monday with The Washington Post in his heavily fortified headquarters building. Kyiv is eager to make a rapid breakthrough in what has essentially slowed to a grinding artillery war in the country9s east and south, with neither side making significant territorial gains. Experts say it will be difficult, if not impossible, to push the russians back to their positions before the invasion started on feb. 24, 2022, when moscow held parts of Luhansk and Donetsk and the illegally annexed Crimean Peninsula. The pressure comes in part from Ukraine9s past battlefield wins 4 first repelling russia9s attempt to capture Kyiv and later dislodging the invaders from strongholds in surprise attacks in the Kharkiv and Kherson regions. <We inspired everywhere because the perception was that we will fall during 72 hours,= reznikov said. But the track record means Ukraine9s partners now have a <joint expectation that it would be successful again,= he said. Western partners have told him, he said, that they now need a <next example of a success because we need to show it to our people. & But I cannot tell you what the scale of this success would be. Ten kilometers, 30 kilometers, 100 kilometers, 200 kilometers?= A major success could rally more support for the Western arms and ammunition Ukraine needs to continue the fight and offer a much-needed morale boost for the civilian population, which relished Ukrainian forces9 resilience against russia9s efforts to take Kyiv last spring and later their surprise autumn offensive in the Kharkiv region, which retook hundreds of miles of territory in a matter of days. But in Kharkiv the Ukrainians had an advantage when they stormed russian troops 4 who had lowered their defenses 4 by surprise. many who remained simply fled without a fight. And in Kherson to the south, Ukraine had a major geographic edge, with russia struggling to supply troops west of the Dnieper river. Now, russia may have the geographic advantage and stronger numbers. Some 500,000 russian troops are currently focused in Ukraine, with at least 300,000 inside Ukrainian territory, reznikov said. one key objective for Ukraine, and perhaps an early sign of success, would be to break the socalled land bridge between mainland russia and occupied Crimea, severing crucial supply lines to russian troops in the Zaporizhzhia region, and isolating russian bases on the peninsula. Another top imperative is to regain control over hugely valuUkrAine from A1 In counterobensive, Ukraine has many avenues for attack war in ukraine r U s s i a BeLarUs r U s s i a U K r a i n e moL. B l a c k S e a Dnieper Dnieper Kyiv Kharkiv Russian-built fortiûcations Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant Kakhovka hydroelectric plant odessa Luhansk donetsk mariupol melitopol Kherson Kupiansk Crimea 8Land bridge9 Crimea to Russia Area held by Russian-backed separatists since 2014 Illegally annexed by Russia in 2014 dnipro Vuhledar Bakhmut areas reclaimed by Ukraine through prior counterofensives Potential scenario for new Ukrainian counterofensive russian-controlled area source: institute for the study of War

A22 eZ Re the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 frastructure in Ukraine, seeking to destroy its energy systems. The strikes have killed scores of civilians, in some cases dozens at a time. A Kinzhal missile is believed to have struck an apartment building in January in the central Ukrainian city of Dnipro, killing at least 46 people. Russia9s air attacks continued overnight into Saturday, with another eight attack drones shot down, Ukrainian officials said. When the Kinzhal missile was intercepted, at about 2:30 a.m. Thursday, it caused a thunderous boom that could be heard throughout the Ukrainian capital and jolted many out of bed. <They were saying that the Patriot is an outdated American weapon, and Russian weapons are the best in the world,= Ukrainian Air Force spokesman Yurii Ihnat said. <Well, there is confirmation that it effectively works against even a super hypersonic missile.= war in ukraine BY NATALIA ABBAKUMOVA, MARY ILYUSHINA, DAVID L. STERN AND ELLEN FRANCIS A car bomb injured the Russian nationalist writer Zakhar Prilepin and killed one person in a village east of Moscow on Saturday, Russian authorities said. The 47-year-old Prilepin has been a fervent supporter of the Kremlin9s war in Ukraine. Since 2014, he has taken part in hostilities alongside pro-Russian separatists in eastern Ukraine and has run a volunteer battalion. The Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs said the blast occurred in a village in the western Nizhny Novgorod region, according to Russian news agency Tass. It reported that an explosive device was placed under the car and that Prilepin9s injuries required him to be hospitalized. The writer9s press secretary said he was doing fine. <What exactly happened is not clear at the moment,= she told the Russian media outlet RTVI. The Investigative Committee of Russia said it had detained a man who allegedly <planted an explosive device= on Prilepin9s path. <He fled from the scene but was detained by law enforcement officials as he was leaving the woods in another locality,= the Investigative Committee said on Telegram. The man was acting on orders from the Ukrainian special services, the statement said, but a Crimean partisan group claimed responsibility for the blast. Russia has occupied the Crimean Peninsula since illegally annexing it from Ukraine in 2014. <The Atesh movement has been hunting Prilepin since the beginning of the year,= the group said on Telegram. <Our predictions always come true, because we not only speak, but also do,= it said. The Washington Post could not independently verify its claims. The Kremlin said it would not immediately comment on the incident. <It9s unknown. We must first get information from law enforcement agencies,= Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told Tass when asked whether Ukraine was to blame. But Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova blamed Kyiv9s Western backers. She described the apparent attack as the <direct responsibility of the United States and Britain.= <Zakhar Prilepin was injured. First and foremost, we wish him a speedy recovery,= she said on the Russian network REN TV. <What we saw was carried out by the so-called collective West.= Ukrainian presidential adviser Mykhailo Podolyak told The Post that Kyiv had <nothing to do with the incident= and that there was no <strategic sense= for Ukraine to carry out the attack. Ukraine9s military intelligence spokesman Andriy Yusov declined to comment. <That Zakhar Prilepin is a war criminal 4 this is an obvious fact,= he said. <All else we are refraining from commenting on.= natalia Abbakumova and justine McDaniel contributed to this report. Car explosion in Russia kills one and injures pro-Kremlin writer Officials point to Ukraine, but Crimean group claims responsibility joel sAGet/AFP/Getty iMAGes Russian writer Zakhar Prilepin in 2018. The 47-year-old has been an ardent supporter of Russia9s war in Ukraine. BY DAVID L. STERN kYiV, Ukraine 4 Ukraine on Saturday said it had used the U.S.-made Patriot air defense system to shoot down a Russian hypersonic missile in the skies over the capital region 4 potentially demonstrating that it now has the ability to thwart one of Moscow9s most feared weapons. Until now, the hypersonic missile, called Kinzhal, <Dagger= in Russian, had been unstoppable by Ukraine, and several had struck targets since the start of Russia9s war. Traveling five times faster than the speed of sound, and at a lower elevation than traditional ballistic missiles, the Kinzhal was too fast for Ukraine9s air defenses to even react. <Congratulations to the Ukrainian people on a historic event!= the head of Ukraine9s air command, Mykola Oleshchuk, posted on Telegram, along with a lightning bolt emoji. <Yes, we brought down the 8unparalleled9 Kinzhal!= Reports had circulated that Ukraine had stopped a Kinzhal as part of a broader Russian air attack on Kyiv, which included drones, in the early hours of Thursday. The drones were also stopped, officials said. The destruction of the missile, reported to be a Kh-47 fired by a Russian MiG-31K fighter jet, demonstrated the potentially game-changing role of the Patriot system, which costs roughly $1 billion per installation. The United States and the Netherlands each agreed to donate a Patriot system, and Ukrainian soldiers had gone to Oklahoma to be trained to use it. Oleshchuk9s post also included a Ukrainian flag and the word <Patriot,= but he said details would be reported <all in its own time,= so as not to assist Russia. The Patriot, which stands for Phased Array Tracking Radar for Intercept on Target, is a surfaceto-air system and one of the most advanced air-defense capabilities in the U.S. arsenal. It consists of a powerful radar, control station, power generator, launch stations and support vehicles. It can use different types of interceptors 4 to destroy aircraft and missiles in flight, and radar installations 4 and identifying the specific one that Ukraine used would reveal the full capabilities Kyiv now possesses. Depending on the range, this could, for instance, include the ability to shoot down planes over Belarusian or even Russian territory. The Patriot system uses three types of missiles, all of which could <conceivably take out those Russian bombers that are hovering over Belarus airspace,= said Reuben Johnson, an expert on U.S. military hardware. But only one of the missiles 4 the Missile Segment Enhancement, or MSE 4 is designed to take out the Kinzhal. It can also intercept ballistic missiles carrying chemical or nuclear payloads at a <keep out= altitude, Johnson said, destroying an incoming missile outside the atmosphere so that the weapons don9t contaminate areas on the ground. It was previously unclear whether Ukraine received the MSE from Western allies 4 but now that a Kinzhal has been destroyed, Johnson said, it was <a safe bet that Ukrainian batteries have them.= <That the Patriots are there and have this kind of a reach now would give any Russian pilot pause and would make him feel less than secure 4 even though he is not in Ukraine airspace proper,= Johnson said. Michael Kofman, a military expert at CNA, a U.S.-based policy institute, said that too much was being made of the Kinzhal and that it was not particularly different from other ballistic missiles. The Kinzhal is a variant of Russia9s Iskander-M. <Don9t understand the interest in Russian use of Kinzhal. There9s nothing special or particularly exciting about this system,= Kofman tweeted. <Iskander-M is a long standing system. Hundreds have been fired. Kinzhal is an air launched variant of this system,= he wrote. <It uses the aircraft for added range and initial velocity. Otherwise it seems unremarkable. It is 8hypersonic9 in the same way as many other ballistic missiles.= Since October, Russia has conducted an unrelenting campaign of airstrikes against critical inUkraine says it shot down hypersonic Russian missile with Patriot system PAvel Golovkin/AP MichAl Dyjuk/AP TOP: A Russian Air Force MiG-31K jet carries a Kinzhal highprecision hypersonic aero-ballistic missile during the 2018 Victory Day military parade in Moscow. ABOVE: Patriot missile launchers acquired from the United States last year are deployed in Warsaw on Feb. 6. Patriot launchers helped shoot down the hypersonic missile over Kyiv. Before, Ukrainian forces had been unable to stop Kinzhal missiles. VA #2701039723 | MD MHIC #1176 | DC #2242 OVER TEN THOUSAND HOMEOWNERS SERVED IN THE DMV Industry leading 5 year warranty Voted <Best Handyman= in Washington City Paper and Bethesda Magazine Awarded <Top Workplace= by The Washington Post Since 1961, over 60 years in business ScheduleFRED.com SCHEDULE TODAY! 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sunday, may 7, 2023 . the washington post EZ M2 A23 BY CAROLINE O9DONOVAN Every morning, a box truck drops up to 120 Amazon packages off at Ed Wojtan9s house in Houghton Lake, Mich. Wojtan loads the packages into his personal truck and delivers them to his neighbors in the remote vacation town about 120 miles north of Lansing. He makes $2.50 per package, delivers an average of 50 a day and is almost always done by 10 a.m. A retired county worker who now runs an Airbnb and helps with his neighbor9s construction business, Wojtan is also a participant in Amazon9s growing Hub Delivery Partner program. The program is meant to improve the efficiency of Amazon9s delivery network in rural areas. Rather than pay contractors to drive between far-flung houses and down long country driveways, Amazon instead is using small businesses like auto shops, florists and pizzerias as centralized drop-off points and paying business owners to drive the last mile to deliver those packages. Over the past five years, Amazon has built a logistics network that rivals that of UPS, delivering millions of packages throughout the country every day. To do that, it uses a network of third-party contractors that operate out of Amazon-owned delivery stations. But in hard-to-reach rural areas, Amazon has often been forced to rely on competitors like FedEx and the U.S. Postal Service to get packages delivered. Recently, Amazon has acknowledged that its delivery network grew too fast as online shopping exploded during the coronavirus pandemic, and the Seattle-based online marketplace has begun looking for ways to deliver packages faster, cheaper and more efficiently. The hub delivery program could help Amazon achieve that goal while reducing its reliance on competing delivery services. But the program also allows the corporate giant to shift risk and responsibility onto small businesses, some of which say the deal Amazon is offering isn9t as appealing as advertised. <We tapped into local businesses, with a strong understanding of the local roadways and communities, to assist with deliveries,= Amazon spokeswoman Maya Vautier said in a statement. <The program is successful for Amazon, customers and the local businesses, who are able to treat this as a side hustle to receive incremental income.= (Amazon founder Jeff Bezos owns The Washington Post.) For Wojtan, 59, being part of the delivery program <couldn9t have worked out any better.= The money he earns from Amazon supplements the income he gets from Airbnb and the pension he has as a government retiree. Plus, the driving keeps him busy. <We do pretty good,= he said. <I just enjoy working. I9m a workaholic.= But not every small-business owner who got the invite from Amazon felt that way. In March, Amazon employees approached Marc Bowker, who owns a comicbook store in Lima, Ohio, offering him and his teenage son $2.50 per package to deliver for Amazon when business was slow at the store. Bowker immediately shot them down. <To me, it doesn9t make any sense whatsoever as a business that sells printed books,= he said. <Why would I sign up to ship Amazon after they9ve decimated the small-business landscape?= Amazon has been experimenting with the small-business delivery model for years, initially overseas, Vox first reported, bringing hub delivery to the United States in 2020. The program hasn9t been successful for all its participants. One small-business owner, who joined the hub program about a year ago and spoke on the condition of anonymity because they9re still enrolled, said it has been more work and less income than they anticipated. Rather than the two hours Amazon advertised, this person said it frequently takes four or five hours to complete their assigned route. Driving on gravel roads for several hours a day, seven days a week put so much wear and tear on their vehicle that they9ve needed to replace their tires twice this year. As more neighboring businesses have joined the hub program, the number of packages per day has decreased and the routes have become less efficient, cutting into drivers9 take-home pay. <It needs to be something that9s more reliable,= the person said. <The rural deliveries don9t pay enough.= While Amazon is aware of this participant9s complaints, the company hasn9t be able to resolve the routing and distribution issues in a way that satisfies all the local hub partners, the person said. Overall, the person said, the program <is not what it was sold as.= Amazon9s Vautier said route length can vary based on location. <We9ve heard from hundreds of partners that they love this program, and while partner experiences are going to vary based on location, we appreciate their feedback so we can build the best possible experience for them and our customers,= she said. The e-commerce giant9s existing delivery network allows it to maintain control over its business while passing liability for car accidents or employment issues onto its contractors. It also uses gigeconomy-style Amazon Flex workers in some areas who deliver packages in their personal cars. Participants in the hub delivery program have to use their own business license and insurance, which allows Amazon to avoid some overhead costs and legal headaches. <It9s transferring all the risk and liability to these small businesses,= said Veena Dubal, a professor at University of California College of the Law at San Francisco. <All the fluctuating risks of employment, car expenses, gas and accidents are on the small business.= At first, making deliveries every day sounded like a lot to Todd Niggeling, who runs a dry-cleaning business and owns multiple laundromats with his wife near Sioux City, Iowa. But he likes getting up before sunrise to deliver packages to neighbors. <It feels so productive,= he said. <It9s truly Shangri-La.= Amazon drops off about 40 packages a day at Niggeling9s drycleaning business, which means he makes around $700 a week, before accounting for fuel and vehicle maintenance costs. Around the time he started delivering for Amazon, Niggeling bought a farm with his son. The money he earns usually covers the mortgage on the property, a place where the family can fish and hunt together. Niggeling has gotten at least half a dozen other people in on the hub program, including his daughter. He said the program is helping him and his self-employed friends and neighbors, who he estimates could earn a combined $320,000 from Amazon this year. <We9re taking that money away from UPS and away from FedEx, and it9s going to us, the small-business man,= he said. Amazon enlists small-town ûorists and funeral homes to deliver packages Todd and Liz Niggeling load a shipment of Amazon packages from deliverer Jared Sehr, right, last week at the Niggelings9 cleaning business in Sioux City, Iowa. Amazon drops off about 40 packages a day at the business, which nets the couple around $700 a week before fuel and maintenance costs. BY BRYAN PIETSCH, MOLLY HENNESSY-FISKE, ANDREA SALCEDO AND NIHA MASIH At least eight people were killed and seven injured after a gunman opened fire on an outlet mall in a Dallas suburb on Saturday afternoon, authorities said. A police officer who was in the area on an unrelated call heard gunshots before he <engaged the suspect,= fatally shooting the gunman, the city of Allen, Tex., said in a statement. Authorities believe the shooter acted alone and <don9t believe there is another threat at this time,= Allen Police Chief Brian Harvey said Saturday evening. Children were among those killed, said Rep. Keith Self (R), who represents the area and said local authorities briefed him by phone after the shooting. Self said unconfirmed reports of a second shooter were false. At least nine people were taken to hospitals by the local fire department, Allen Fire Chief Jon Boyd said. Six fatalities were found at the scene, while two of the nine transported to hospitals were later reported deceased. More people could have been injured and transported in personal vehicles, Boyd said. Children were also among those injured. The eight victims who were being treated at Medical City Healthcare trauma facilities ranged from 5 to 61 years old, said Kathleen Beathard, a spokeswoman for the hospital system. Aerial footage of the scene, about 25 miles northeast of Dallas, showed what appeared to be bodies underneath white sheets on the ground outside an H&M outlet. Other videos posted on social media showed people fleeing through the mall9s parking lot and corridors. A video that was not verified by The Washington Post showed what appeared to be the gunman after he was fatally shot, next to a firearm and wearing tactical gear. At least 8 killed and 7 wounded after gunman opens ûre at mall in Texas * A Different Experience. *With approved credit on new orders only. 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Sale ends on 5/31 - For Your Roof " Siding " Gutters " Windows " Doors " Insulation We Also Offer Home Delivery Customers Spring Look for your Expanded Edition N0232 3x10.5 Thursday, May 11 All home delivery customers will receive this special expanded edition of the daily Post featuring these extras: SPECIAL ISSUE HOME & DESIGN Make that home YOURS. There are a million ways to make your home cleaner, more stylish or more eï cient. But how do you make it more you? This special issue of Local Living explores how to express your personality and values in your home, and how the home you create can help you live more authentically. SPECIAL SECTION TECH IN YOUR LIFE Artiû cial Intelligence. As new AI tools surface at a pace that is hard to process, we of er a guide to the rise of AI, how it works, what it gets wrong, and how it is already changing education, politics and the workplace. SPECIAL SECTION WELL+BEING The Weed Report. It9s been more than a decade since Colorado became the û rst state to legalize recreational marijuana. Now, nearly two dozen states and the District have followed suit. Here9s what you need to know about how smoking, vaping and eating cannabis af ects your health, brain and daily life. All home delivery subscribers (both 7-day and Sundayonly) will be charged the Sunday home delivery rate for this special issue. Don9t want this issue? Visit washingtonpost.com/account

A24 eZ re the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 BY LORI ARATANI American consumers may be pulling back in some ways 4 buying fewer clothes, holding on to their cars longer and waiting to upgrade cellphones 4 but they continue to spend on travel, willing to pay fees for early boarding, premium seating and lounge access at rates that far exceed prepandemic times. This appetite for travel has been good for the industry9s balance sheets. Domestic air carriers recorded $1.6 billion in net profit last year, up from a loss of $2.8 billion in 2021, according to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics. But that demand also has highlighted the fragility of a system struggling to fill key jobs as it grapples with aging technology. Ahead of the 2023 summer travel season, airlines and the agencies that oversee them are putting measures in place to avoid widespread disruptions that have marred previous pandemic-era summers and fueled a record number of consumer complaints. Weather remains the wild card, but industry officials hope the early preparation will pay off this summer. Here are seven ways summer air travel is likely to be different this year. 1. Pack patience (and a spare outfit). It will be busy. Most carriers are adding flights and operating larger aircraft to handle the number of passengers expected to fly. U.S. airlines plan to operate more than 2 million flights between Memorial Day weekend and Labor Day, an increase of about 86,000 over last year, according to data provided by airline data company Cirium. Airlines have been on a hiring spree since travel demand began to surge in 2021 and most are fully staffed, coming after tens of thousands of workers left voluntarily in the early months of the pandemic. Executives note those recent recruits now have more experience, which could help operations run more smoothly. Still, all is not well. Labor groups representing flight attendants and pilots at several major carriers, including American Airlines, Southwest Airlines and United Airlines, have yet to settle new contracts after years of negotiations, leaving employees frustrated. Pilots at American were the most recent to authorize a strike, a gesture that is largely symbolic because federal law bars airline unions from striking without approval from the National Mediation Board. <It9s going to be a turbulent summer,= said aviation analyst Henry Harteveldt, president of Atmosphere Research Group. <While airlines have done a very good job of hiring new employees for the demand they9re going to see this summer, they may not have hired all they need.= Travelers also will likely pay more to fly this summer amid rises in airlines9 two biggest costs: labor and fuel. An analysis by Bob Harrell of Harrell Associates found the average leisure fare was 65 percent higher in March 2023 than in the same month of 2019. On a positive note, the FAA has reported a significant decline in reports of unruly passengers in recent months 4 numbers that began to fall when the mask mandate was lifted in April 2022. In fiscal year 2022, 27 people were charged in connection with incidents aboard airplanes, compared with 21 during the previous fiscal year, according to Justice Department statistics. This year, nine people have been charged. 2. Staffing shortages mean fewer New York flights In March, the Federal Aviation Air travel demand may fuel another record summer Airlines are putting measures in place to avoid the disruptions that marred pandemic-era summers Administration was unusually candid about staffing shortages at a key air traffic control facility in New York. The New York Terminal Radar Approach Control, which is based on Long Island and coordinates flights in and out of John F. Kennedy International, LaGuardia and Newark9s Liberty International, has 54 percent of the staffing it needs to manage traffic in the nation9s busiest air corridor. With air traffic expected to increase 7 percent this summer in the New York region, the agency estimated a 45 percent increase in delays. In response, the agency urged airlines to reduce operations from New York-area airports. United, American, Delta Air Lines and JetBlue Airways are among carriers that have agreed to cut flights. United said it will reduce flights from Newark and LaGuardia, cutting frequencies rather than routes 4 while using larger aircraft to accommodate more passengers. For example, the carrier will operate 10 daily flights between Newark and Reagan National airports, eight fewer than previously planned. It also will reduce flights between Newark and Dulles International to six daily instead of nine. American also will reduce frequencies and flights from Newark and LaGuardia. <Hopefully it means that the remaining flights are more likely to operate on time,= Harteveldt said. <If there9s bad weather, hopefully the disruption will not be as bad and the recovery will be faster.= 3. International destinations will be big As Southwest Airlines chief executive Bob Jordan said on a recent earnings call, demand for international travel is <smoking hot.= While domestic leisure travel fueled much of the industry9s recovery in 2021 and 2022, demand for international travel could be the story this summer. Delta chief executive Ed Bastian said last month that international flights already were 75 percent booked. Data compiled by the Airlines Reporting Corp. (ARC), which analyzes travel agency ticket sales, indicates purchases for the top 10 European summer travel destinations are up significantly 4 a trend it attributes to the end of U.S. travel restrictions. ARC found that ticket purchases for Amsterdam were up 130 percent compared with last year. Ticket purchases were up 66 percent for mIchael m. santIaGo/Getty ImaGes People wait in the ride-sharing pickup area at John F. Kennedy International Airport. Staffing shortages at a key air traffic control facility in New York will mean fewer flights in and out of John F. Kennedy International, LaGuardia and Newark9s Liberty International airports. Brandon Bell/Getty ImaGes A Southwest Airlines passenger checks in for a flight at AustinBergstrom International Airport last month.

sunday, may 7, 2023 . the washington post eZ re A25 The department9s Airline Consumer Dashboard explains carriers9 policies on common questions travelers might have when experiencing problems. DOT also launched a dashboard on airline policies for family seating. Airlines are encouraging customers to take advantage of apps and online tools when they run into flight difficulties, even as some carriers have increased call center staffing. Consumers can file a complaint with their airline or the Transportation Department9s Office of Aviation Consumer Protection. 6. Boeing delays in delivering new aircraft Supply chain issues have hampered Boeing9s ability to meet deadlines for delivering aircraft, which has forced some carriers to adjust future schedules. Last month, the aerospace giant announced a new issue that affects certain 737 Max aircraft. While the issue does not present an immediate safety concern, it could delay those deliveries. In a recent earnings call, American Airlines executives said any time there is a delay in aircraft deliveries, it can affect a carrier and its customers. Still, any delays are expected to be minimal. Southwest said it does not expect the changes to Boeing9s delivery schedule to affect summer operations, but the delays will be felt during the second half of 2023, the carrier said. 7. Competing interest for Florida airspace As the number of commercial flights and space launches rise in Florida, the FAA is encouraging commercial space companies to schedule launches during nighttime hours and to avoid holiday periods. Florida airspace has been a challenge for the FAA in recent years, with a dramatic increase in commercial space traffic adding to a large volume of commercial and military air traffic. In 2022, for example, the FAA managed a record 92 space missions, up 33 percent over the previous year. Airlines last year complained that staffing shortages at the FAA9s Jacksonville air traffic control center were leading to flight delays under <blue sky conditions,= which triggered two days of meetings. FAA officials say staffing levels have since improved, which should mitigate those concerns this summer. 5. A watchful eye from Congress and regulators Lawmakers and federal regulators will be closely watching how the summer unfolds. Additional consumer protections 4 in the event of significant delays, lost luggage and reimbursements for out-of-pocket expenses 4 are at the top of the agenda as Congress works to craft a bill to fund the FAA. Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg has been criticized by some for not doing more to hold airlines accountable after two years of travel disruptions. At the same time, the Transportation Department has rolled out several new tools to help consumers better understand what they are entitled to when flights are delayed or canceled. sign the airline might be making progress, a recent firewall outage forced Southwest to delay more than 2,100 flights, more than half its daily schedule. By the following day, operations were back to normal. Despite the focus on ensuring a smooth summer season, Geoff Freeman, chief executive of the U.S. Travel Association, said the industry and Congress must focus on making investments to ensure the nation9s air system can accommodate growth. <This summer9s travel demand will be as strong as we9ve seen since before the pandemic and potentially the strongest ever,= Freeman said. <If we don9t get cranking on changes now, these problems will continue into 2024 and beyond.= challenges. The new routes are unlikely to increase the number of scheduled flights, since airlines set schedules month in advance. After two summers plagued by delays and cancellations, airlines say they have learned their lessons and are focusing on matching service levels with staffing. <Reliability= is a word that has come up frequently among airline executives. At American, new tools will enable the carrier to better anticipate when weather or other issues could disrupt operations, then begin rebooking customers and rerouting crews. Southwest9s December meltdown highlighted several gaps in its operations, which the carrier has moved to address in recent months. In one applications are 10 to 13 weeks, up from a range of six to nine weeks at the beginning of the year. 4. FAA adds East Coast routes, airlines add tools Even as airlines reduce New York flights, the FAA announced in recent days it has added 169 routes along the East Coast. The routes will offer airlines faster, more direct paths to destinations and are designed to ease congestion during the busy summer season. It9s a shift FAA officials said will save 6,000 minutes of travel time and reduce the number of miles flown by about 40,000 annually. The agency said the new routes will give air traffic controllers more options for getting flights to their destinations, including when weather might pose Paris and 70 percent for Madrid, the data showed. The international shift will pose new challenges for the air system. Trouble spots emerged during spring break, with growing numbers of travelers complaining of long wait times as U.S. Customs and Border Protection grapples with a shortage of officers. At Dulles, officials say wait times for passengers entering or returning to the United States have risen sharply, with some waiting more than two hours. The agency said that CBP officers processed nearly 96 million travelers arriving at U.S. airports last summer, an increase of more than 116 percent from the previous summer. In another sign of how demand is straining the system, wait times for U.S. passport mAlcolm denemArk/FloridA TodAy/AP A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, seen from Merritt Island, Fla., lifts off at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. Florida airspace has been a challenge for the FAA in recent years, with a dramatic increase in commercial space traffic adding to a large volume of commercial and military air traffic. If you have an older home, consider starting off your spring by upgrading to newer, energy-efficient windows. Homeowners often don9t recognize signs that old windows are no longer airtight. Even without a draft in the room, faded window treatments and higher than average energy bills could indicate that it9s time to upgrade windows. When that time comes, Window Nation offers over 1,500 window models, custom-made to fit your home9s unique needs and style. Window Nation9s Energy Star-rated products have been saving homeowners money for more than 15 years, and each window comes with a lifetime transferable warranty. CONTENT FROM WINDOW NATION Learn when to replace your home9s old windows THIS CONTENT IS PAID FOR BY WINDOW NATION. CONTENT CREATED BY WASHINGTON POST CREATIVE GROUP. Use the QR code to watch the video and learn three easy ways to check the efficiency of your windows or call 301-960-0385.

A26 EZ RE the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 BY LENA H. SUN AND AMY GOLDSTEIN 1. At-home coronavirus tests At-home (over-the-counter) tests may become more costly for people with insurance. The public health emergency required insurers to reimburse for up to eight antigen tests a person per month. After May 11, older Americans with traditional Medicare will no longer be able to get free, at-home tests. People with private insurance or Medicare Advantage (private Medicare managed-care plans) will no longer be guaranteed free at-home tests, but some insurers may continue to voluntarily cover them. For those on Medicaid, at-home tests will be covered at no cost through September 2024. After that date, home-test coverage will vary by state. In addition, 18 states and U.S. territories have used their Medicaid programs temporarily to provide people who are uninsured free coronavirus testing services, including at-home tests, but that program will end with the public health emergency. People who cannot afford at-home tests, which cost about $25 for a box of two tests, may continue to be able to find them at a free health clinic, community health center, public health department, library or other local organization. 2. PCR coronavirus tests Although coronavirus tests ordered or administered by a health professional and analyzed by laboratories will still be covered for most insured people, these tests may no longer be free. For people with traditional Medicare, there will be no cost for the test itself, but there could be cost-sharing for the associated doctor9s visit. For people with Medicare Advantage or private insurance, both the test and the associated doctor9s visit might be subject to cost-sharing, depending on the health plan. Additionally, some insurers might begin to limit the number of tests they cover or require tests be done by in-network providers. People enrolled in skimpy health plans that do not meet Affordable Care Act benefits rules will have no guarantee of coverage for tests and may have to pay full price. People with Medicaid will continue to have access to free testing services through September 2024, after which point, states may limit the number of covered tests or impose nominal cost-sharing. Uninsured people in the 18 states and territories that have adopted the temporary Medicaid coverage for them will no longer be able to obtain any type of free coronavirus testing services as this program ends with the public health emergency. 3. Coronavirus vaccines Vaccines will remain free for people with and without insurance. That is partly because the availability and costs of coronavirus vaccines, including boosters, are determined by the supply of federally purchased vaccines, not the public health emergency. So as long as federally purchased vaccines last, coronavirus vaccines will remain free to all people, regardless of insurance coverage. Providers of federally purchased vaccines are not allowed to charge patients or deny vaccines based on the recipient9s insurance status. Even after the federal supply of vaccines is gone, which federal officials expect to happen in the fall, vaccines will continue to be free of charge to the vast majority of people with private and public insurance. Free coverage is required for all vaccines recommended by the CDC. For the uninsured, the Biden administration announced a $1.1 billion program to ensure access to free coronavirus vaccines and treatments through December 2024. 4. FDA emergency use authorization The ending of the public health emergency won9t affect products, including coronavirus vaccines, treatments and tests, that have been cleared under the Food and Drug Administration9s emergency use authorizations, which allow the agency to authorize medical products more quickly than under the traditional approval process. In addition, the agency9s ability to use emergency authorizations in the future won9t be affected, including for a retooled coronavirus vaccine that9s likely to be used in the fall. The agency9s emergency use authorization is tied to a separate emergency declaration (section 564 of the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act), which is not expiring. 5. Covid treatment Medicare beneficiaries will not face cost-sharing requirements for certain covid pharmaceutical treatments, such as the antiviral Paxlovid, after May 11, as long as those doses were purchased by the federal government. Medicaid and the Children9s Health Insurance Program, meant for youngsters in working-class families, will continue to cover all pharmaceutical treatments with no-cost sharing through September 2024. After that, states may impose utilization limits and nominal costsharing. Any pharmaceutical treatment doses purchased by the federal government will remain free to all, regardless of insurance coverage, based on availability. The United States has millions of doses of oral antivirals, such as Paxlovid, which are expected to last months. Once that stockpile is gone, the medications9 prices will be determined by the manufacturers. The price that individuals pay at the pharmacy will depend on their health insurance. For older Americans on Medicare, all FDA-allowed medicines to treat covid will be covered through Part D (drug coverage plans), which about three-fourths of the 65 million people on Medicare have. Such plans can require cost-sharing or limit the coverage. Most insured people already face cost-sharing for hospitalizations and outpatient visits related to covid treatment. Private insurers were never required to waive cost-sharing for any covid treatment. Although some did so voluntarily, most insurers had already phased out these benefits more than a year ago. 6. Telemedicine The Drug Enforcement Administration is extending public health emergency flexibilities for prescribing controlled medications via telemedicine. The agency has not determined how long the extension will last. During the emergency, providers writing prescriptions for controlled substances 4 such as the attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder drug Adderall; the addictive painkiller OxyContin; the anti-anxiety medicine Xanax, and the opioid addiction treatment drug buprenorphine 4 were allowed to do so via telemedicine. The Biden administration had proposed new rules to take effect as soon as the emergency ends. If the rules go into effect as drafted, patients would eventually need in-person evaluations for certain medications like Adderall and could get a 30-day supply of other drugs like Xanax before having to see a provider in person. The rules include a 180-day grace period to allow patients to come into compliance with the new in-person requirements. Because of the pandemic, all states and D.C., temporarily waived some aspects of state licensure requirements so that providers with equivalent licenses in other states could practice remotely. Some states tied those policies to the end of the federal public health emergency so the waivers may end unless states change their policies. The Department of Health and Human Services temporarily waived penalties against providers using technologies that don9t comply with federal privacy and security rules in the provision of telehealth services during the public health emergency. Enforcement of these rules when the public health emergency ends will restrict the provision of telehealth to <HIPAA compliant= technologies and communication productions. Telehealth appointments for Medicare beneficiaries, especially those in rural areas or other places where health care is scarce, will remain covered through 2024, because of a spending bill approved by Congress late last year. For people on Medicaid, telehealth appointments often were covered before the pandemic and will remain available after May 11. 7. Data reporting Since early in the pandemic, HHS has been able to compel labs to report the results of coronavirus tests to the CDC. That has been crucial to understanding how the shape of the pandemic has evolved, relying on positive and negative test results. States have also been sharing vaccine administration data with the CDC. That lab reporting requirement goes away with the end of the public health emergency. Similar reporting of positive test results by hospitals and other data, such as the number of hospitalized covid-19 patients and number of N95 masks, will continue through the end of April 2024. But after May 11, hospitals will report fewer types of data, and they will report weekly instead of daily. States also will no longer be required to submit data on vaccine administration, making it more difficult for the federal government to have a national picture of vaccinations and to evaluate vaccine effectiveness. The CDC is working to sign voluntary data use agreements with states to encourage them to share the data through the end of this year. 8. Pharmacy shots A federal law that protects manufacturers and providers of covid-19 countermeasures from malpractice claims was broadened to allow more professionals 4 pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and pharmacy interns 4 to vaccinate people as young as 3 years old against the coronavirus, influenza and routine childhood immunizations. HHS plans to extend this protection from liability through December 2024, but not for routine childhood shots, unless state law allows it. That means parents will no longer be able to use the convenience of a pharmacy visit for childhood immunizations but will have to take their children to a health-care provider. david ovalle, daniel gilbert and Laurie mcginley contributed to this report. What the end of the covid public health emergency means for you iLLusTRATion by hAiLEy hAymond/ThE WAshingTon PosT The Biden administration will end the public health emergency for the coronavirus pandemic on May 11. ¶ Starting in early 2020, the emergency declaration, along with subsequent declarations, legislation and administrative actions, gave the federal government flexibility to waive or modify certain rules in the Medicare and Medicaid programs as well as in private health insurance. The goal has been to help the nation fight the worst public health crisis in a century and help some patients get care in a time of shutdowns. ¶ As this long emergency period expires, experts say, the biggest impact for consumers will be the end of free coronavirus tests 4 both at-home tests and those performed by clinicians and analyzed by commercial labs 4 with broad implications for people9s ability to get timely covid diagnoses, prevent disease transmission and track the virus. ¶ A recent study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that onethird of U.S. households used free at-home covid-19 diagnostic tests from a program the White House launched in January 2022 that allowed rapid antigen tests to be ordered at no cost to consumers through the U.S. Postal Service. The study suggested that, without the kits, 1 in 4 adults who used a test would likely to have gone untested. ¶ Here9s how major health policies will be affected when the public health emergency ends. Rich PEdRoncELLi/AP A second-grader is given an at-home coronavirus test at H.W. Harkness Elementary School in Sacramento in February 2022. ERic LEE foR ThE WAshingTon PosT People wait in an observation area after receiving the Moderna vaccine in Silver Spring, Md., in November 2022.

sunday, may 7, 2023 . the washington post eZ re a27 process. Plants produce flowers and fruit at the wrong times. And humans lose sleep because of artificial light (whether from streetlights or our digital devices), potentially contributing to increased obesity and cancer. <There9s days of research that one could go through on how physiology is affected,= Longcore says, <but it all makes sense when you think that this planet has had day/night and lunar cycles for the whole period of the evolution of life.= Until now. The good news is the damage could be easily reversed. The biggest share of light pollution comes from commercial sources 4 gas stations, strip malls and the like 4 followed by outdoor sports facilities. After that comes residential lights, streetlights and industrial lights. Municipalities can regulate much of that light pollution, and some already do: dimming streetlights during certain hours, requiring dark-sky-friendly exterior lights in new construction and renovations, and simply turning off lights that serve no public safety purpose. Each of us has control over residential light pollution, which contributes roughly 10 to 20 percent of the total. I called in the light police to show me what to do. They toured the perimeter and gave me a battle plan. When I eventually update the house, they advised, I should lose the floodlights and the candelabra-style porch lights and sconces. Those fixtures, by exposing the naked bulb, scatter light upward and sideways rather than downward, where it is needed. Replacement fixtures (the International Dark-Sky Association has a list of approved ones) should face down and the canopy should shield the bulb on the top and sides. Dimmers and timers help, too. Even without replacing the items, there are plenty of cheap fixes that I9ve already made: motion-detecting smart bulbs; <warm= bulbs (ideally 2700 kelvin or less) that cast a yellowish hue rather than the bluish one that contributes most to skyglow; nothing more than 1500 lumens, or about 100 watts; and, of course, turning off some lights. The last act requires me to suppress my fear of the dark and to remind myself that more illumination doesn9t necessarily mean more security. The bugs haven9t told me so themselves, but I9m guessing they feel better now, and so do I. In the end, Van Acker, of the Dark Sky Committee, played the good cop. <You9re one little fish in a pond,= he reassured me. <Your lights aren9t going to make much difference one way or the other. But it9s all cumulative.= To spread the gospel, Van Acker and his committee got the Rappahannock County Park certified as an International Dark Sky Park, one of only two in the capital region. (The other is Sky Meadows State Park in Delaplane, Va.) Now, they9re trying to get dark-sky friendly lighting at a massive, 761-unit housing and retail development called StoneHaven going up just across the county line, near Warrenton, Va. So far, the developers 4 the Lennar Corporation and Saadeh Partners 4 haven9t complied. (Neither developer responded to my inquiry.) Developments such as those are lighting up rural night skies. Since the Rappahannock County Park earned its certification in 2019, the skies above it have brightened measurably, to 21.2 mpsas from 21.3. Standing with me in the park one night, Van Acker pointed to a glow in the north: <That9s a light dome from Front Royal.= To the east, the clouds reflected the lights of Warrenton. To the south, a light dome from Culpeper. To the west, over the mountains, a light dome from Luray. A park neighbor9s floodlights and planned construction in Washington, Va., are bringing the light pollution ever closer. But there9s still something special about the night skies over this piece of the Virginia piedmont. On a clear night such as this, 4,000 stars are visible. In the capital, I can see perhaps a dozen. Outside of Maine and West Virginia, it9s <about the darkest corner of the East Coast,= Van Acker tells me. <Dark= is a bit of a misnomer. On this night, the sky bursts with starlight. In the West, Venus and the Seven Sisters dazzle. Overhead, Ursa Major and Leo sparkle. And every now and then, another Lyrid meteor streaks out of the northeast at 29 miles per second. When the ancients gazed heavenward, they saw much the same sky. Ptolemy mapped the same constellations. The Chinese recorded their observation of the Lyrid meteor shower more than 2,700 years ago. Will we be among the last to see such wonders before a haze of man-made blue light conceals the night sky from future generations? We owe it to them, and to all creatures that depend on the dark, not to let that happen. JoNAThAN NeWToN/The WAshiNgToN PosT The Milky Way rises above the Blue Ridge Mountains in Shenandoah National Park in 2018. J ust eight weeks after I bought a place in the Virginia countryside, I was busted by the light police. First came an email from somebody who lives across the valley from me. <Your new place has a lot of intense white, all-night exterior illumination that I don9t recall before,= he wrote. <From our front windows, it sort of looks like the scene in 8E.T.9 where the spaceship has landed.= I apologized, explaining that I had merely turned on the existing exterior lights of the home, which had been vacant, and therefore dark, for months. I said I would install some new bulbs that brighten only when motion is detected, and I thought the matter closed. Two weeks later, I got another email. The guy across the valley had turned me in to the <Dark Sky Committee= of the Rappahannock League for Environmental Protection. The committee wrote to say it had been made aware of my lighting and it was prepared to send a representative to my home to <help you figure out your best options= to darken the mood. I fought for my right to light. <I won9t be bullied,= I told a member of the committee. Happily, I remain a free man today and have thus far avoided a dark cell in lighting jail. It was an annoying welcome to my new community 4 but in retrospect, I9m grateful to the Dark Sky Committee. Its members have no authority (there9s no law restricting my lumens), but they were persuasive. It turns out my lights weren9t doing much harm to neighbors, but they were doing a whole lot of harm to other living things. Night skies have been getting nearly 10 percent brighter per year over the past decade, American and German researchers reported in January, a doubling in brightness every eight years. The dramatic growth of LED lights, and the bluish, shortwavelength light they give off, compounds the <skyglow= effect of light pollution. Light- polluted skies cover an estimated 80 percent of the world9s population and 99 percent of the U.S. and European populations, another international group of researchers found several years ago. Here in North America, 80 percent of us can no longer see the Milky Way when we look at the night sky. That9s a shame for humanity. But it9s much worse for the insects, birds, reptiles and mammals that have had their ecosystems disrupted by the sudden change. In the evolutionary blink of an eye, artificial light has altered migration, mating, foraging, pollination and predation rhythms that developed over eons. Light pollution isn9t as severe an ecological threat as climate change or habitat loss, but it9s accelerating the decline of many animal populations. And, unlike climate change and habitat loss, this problem has a cheap and painless fix: Just turn down the damn lights. I asked Torney Van Acker, a retired engineer on the Dark Sky Committee, to visit my home one night for a demonstration. With my <E.T.=- spaceship lights on, we stood outside and he aimed his light meter at the zenith. Using a measure of brightness called <magnitude per square arc- second,= the brightest, Monday-Night-Football night sky is about 16 mpsas, and the darkest sky, with zero light pollution, is 22. The sky above my home scored 18.65 4 what you9d expect in a brightly lit suburb. We turned the lights off and the darkness score shot up to 21.23 4 that9s 100 times darker than before, Van Acker said, and typical of a rural night sky. Though there was a crescent moon and still a faint glow in the West from the setting sun, thousands of stars revealed themselves as our eyes adjusted. The Big Dipper pointed us to the North Star and to Deneb, which led us to Vega and the Lyra constellation in the northeastern sky, from which a shooting star, part of the Lyrid meteor shower, streaked above us. The Milky Way formed a river from horizon to horizon. <You9ve got a good sky,= Van Acker remarked. I felt oddly flattered 4 and suddenly protective of it. This was the sky humans took for granted for almost all of our history. In 1901, the conservationist John Muir wrote that <the floods of light from the stars . . . must always be wild, for man can change them and mar them hardly more than can the butterflies.= He was wrong. Man found a way to blot out the floods of light from the stars. <For 41/2 billion years there was no artificial light at night. It9s really only in the last five human generations that we transformed that,= says Ruskin Hartley, who runs the International Dark-Sky Association in Tucson. <It9s one of the most profound transformations of our environment.= Light pollution, along with climate change, pesticide use and habitat loss, is driving the decline of some 40 percent of insect species, with the global population of insects shrinking by an estimated 2 percent per year in what some call an <insect apocalypse.= That threatens the pollination of crops and plants and, ultimately, the entire food web. Light pollution is also contributing to the decline in bird population. The number of birds in the United States has dropped by 29 percent since 1970, which means nearly 3 billion fewer birds in our skies, according to a comprehensive study by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology and others. Insects, drawn to light, are fried or become easy targets for predators. Bright lights lure nocturnally migrating birds and seabirds into the danger of urban areas, and millions of birds die in collisions with floodlit buildings and communications towers. Sea turtle hatchlings are likewise drawn to artificial lights 4 and into the jaws of predators. Lights at night also act as barriers to nocturnal animals, ranging from bats to mountain lions, fragmenting their habitats and marooning them on ecological islands. Predatory creatures 4 certain snakes, salamanders, small mammals, insects 4 that rely on the darkness of a new moon to find food no longer have that protection. <The dark places are a refuge,= says Travis Longcore, a professor at UCLA9s Institute of the Environment and Sustainability. But now, <you have light pollution and skyglow that is as bright as the full moon,= and that means certain animals <don9t come out to forage when they should because it9s a danger signal if it9s too bright.= Animals find their circadian and seasonal rhythms disrupted by artificial light. Urban birds call earlier in the morning, altering the mating Dana MilbanK I was busted by the light police There9s still something special about the night skies over this piece of the Virginia piedmont. On a clear night such as this, 4,000 stars are visible. W hen it comes to Alex Murdaugh, it isn9t over until, well, ever. In a new development from a prison cell somewhere in South Carolina, the protagonist of South Carolina9s so-called trial of the century has changed yet another story. This time, he claims that he made up his original story about how his family housekeeper, Gloria Satterfield, died from injuries sustained during an alleged fall at his country estate in February 2018. Murdaugh has insisted for years that Satterfield tripped over the family dogs and fell down the front steps of the house. He basically sued himself on behalf of her two sons for wrongful death and collected $4.3 million that he decided to steal rather than notify the sons of their good fortune. Now he says he doesn9t know how Satterfield fell and that he <invented= the story so that he could file the wrongfuldeath suit. The dogs9 role in the tragedy was also an invention, he said. Murdaugh made these confessions in response to a lawsuit against him by the Nautilus Insurance Co., which is alleging that it was defrauded. The balance of the settlement funds were paid by a different insurance company. But because Murdaugh has no money that isn9t owed creditors, victims or his former law firm, his attorneys suggested in federal court documents filed Monday that Nautilus go after the Satterfield estate9s attorneys, the Bland-Richter firm, to retrieve more than $7.5 million that they collected from a lawsuit against Murdaugh and his law firm. According to Murdaugh attorney Phil Barber, the money paid to Satterfield lawyers Eric Bland and Ronnie Richter was part of the original money Murdaugh stole, so they should be parties to the Nautilus lawsuit. But Bland says they never received any of the settlement money. The money they were paid came from the formerly named Murdaugh firm. For now, Bland is publicly sanguine, tweeting that Murdaugh9s newest version of truth is meaningless. <This is nothing but noise,= Bland wrote. <Just gutless people trying to continue to victimize Gloria9s siblings and children.= For anyone struggling with memory here, Murdaugh is the disbarred, legal-family scion who was convicted in March of murdering his wife, Maggie, 52, and his son Paul, 22, at their hunting estate near Hampton, S.C. He was sentenced to two consecutive life sentences, which he is serving in a South Carolina maximum-security prison. Jailhouse confessions can be unreliable, especially when the so-called confessor is a <serial liar and fraudster,= as U.S. District Judge Richard Gergel referred to Murdaugh in another related matter. Murdaugh lied to nearly everyone in his orbit. During his murder trial, however, he confessed to several financial crimes that still haven9t been litigated. He admitted to stealing from clients and even his law partners, including one of his brothers, after presiding Circuit Court Judge Clifton Newman ruled to allow admission of financial indictments that include 99 charges. Newman9s ruling probably will be the basis of an appeal that Murdaugh9s attorneys have promised to file, assuming they can raise the money. (Chortle, chortle.) Murdaugh lawyers Dick Harpootlian and Jim Griffin are seeking $160,000 from the court-appointed receiver to pay for the appeal. At a hearing on Wednesday, Bland, one of the Satterfield attorneys, unsurprisingly argued against their request, even though they previously received for his murder defense $600,000 from the same fund, composed of Murdaugh9s liquidated assets. Without the funds, <Dick and Jim,= as they9re derisively referred to by Bland9s colleagues on their podcast, <Cup of Justice,= say Murdaugh will be forced to get a public defender. No gnashing of teeth from the gallery has been reported thus far, but I rather doubt Murdaugh9s lawyers will abandon him now. So, what did happen to Satterfield? We9ll probably never know. The only two possible witnesses, Maggie and Paul, have been murdered. In a 911 call after the fall, Maggie told the operator that the housekeeper had fallen while walking up the stairs. Murdaugh claimed she told him the dogs tripped her. But Paul told the 911 operator that his former nanny was unable to talk. He said she was bleeding from her head and left ear. Nary a mention of dogs. Apparently, Nautilus investigators subsequently learned that Satterfield, who lingered in the hospital for three weeks before dying of her injuries, told her doctor and hospital staff that she didn9t know how she fell, according to a Nov. 6, 2018, report conducted by a law firm for Nautilus. She seems to have never mentioned the dogs to anyone except, allegedly, Murdaugh. Even so, as far as anyone knows, the dogs, four of which were loose that day, according to the report, conceivably could have been a factor. It9s also possible that Satterfield, given her extensive injuries, including a severe brain injury, couldn9t remember what had happened. Murdaugh9s lie was certainly plausible. Moreover, the dogs were essential to his liability as a homeowner, according to the report. <The law applicable to this matter provides that the owner of a pet dog is strictly liable where the dog jumps on a visiting guest and causes injury,= it says. <Liability is probable.= In another part of the report, the author wrote: <I would characterize liability based on what is known at this point as probable but not clear and convincing.= Assuming Murdaugh is finally telling the truth in this instance, why now? Only he and his lawyers know the answer, but the sudden discovery of a conscience often means a deal of some sort is in the making. Or maybe he9s trying to get right with his maker. Lord knows, he has made enough deals with the devil. Kathleen ParKer Even behind bars, Alex Murdaugh keeps changing his stories JoshuA Boucher/AP Alex Murdaugh was convicted in March of murdering his wife and son. sunday opinion

A28 eZ re the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 opinion BY LEON ARON T he war in Ukraine is a war of attrition now. Such wars are ultimately decided not on battlefields but in the contest of will among political leaders. Who will blink first: Moscow, or Kyiv, Washington and Brussels? Though Russian President Vladimir Putin reigns unopposed, he still has to manage public perceptions. With sweeping battlefield victories elusive, he has mobilized vast resources to try to rebuild the ravaged city of Mariupol 4 as a symbol of the benefits of Russian occupation for the residents who remain in Donetsk, and as proof of Russian capacity for success to a broader audience in Russia. It9s for this reason that Russia still allows journalists access to a city so close to the front lines of the war. I spoke to a photojournalist based in Russia who traveled to Mariupol in March, interviewed residents there and shared some photos with me. The journalist was extensively questioned by Russia9s Federal Security Service (FSB) before being granted entry into the occupied area but, once there, was allowed to travel unaccompanied. The Post and I are not identifying the journalist out of concern for their safety. What emerges from the photojournalist9s accounts is a rare, if incomplete, glimpse into the reality of Russian occupation. Military assets were off-limits, though air defenses could be seen trying to intercept incoming strikes on the outskirts of the city where Russian troops are presumably stationed. The mood was somber and tense, and people were generally suspicious and nervous. Nevertheless, some residents were guardedly willing to talk. Welcome to occupied Mariupol. Before the war, it was Ukraine9s key industrial center, specializing in metallurgy and shipbuilding, with a population of 440,000. The city was captured by Russian troops after a fierce month-and-a-half-long battle last year. But the fight did not end once the city fell. Ukrainian defenders held out in the labyrinths and basements of the giant Azovstal industrial complex for five more weeks. Aimed at extirpating every sign of the city9s Ukrainian past, propaganda begins at the city9s gate, where the Ukrainian spelling of the city9s name is replaced with Russian lettering. The square that used to house a memorial to the <defenders of Ukraine= now features a statue of Prince Alexander Nevsky, the 13th-century vanquisher of the Catholic Teutonic Knights. Nevsky9s victory is celebrated in Putin9s Russia as a precursor of the current struggle against a West supposedly hellbent on despoiling Russia9s soul, eroding its national values and, ultimately, crushing its sovereignty. A version of this propaganda line has been drummed into the minds of soldiers fighting in Ukraine on Russia9s side. <Everyone understands that it is a war between Russia, Europe and America,= an officer of the Kaskad (Cascade) unit from the puppet Donetsk People9s Republic (which <joined= Russia last fall) told the photojournalist. <It9s in the U.S. interest to continue this war, because they earn a lot of money from it. America has achieved its main goal 4 it has grabbed Russian energy resources and sold them at exorbitant prices.= Today, an estimated 150,000 people are left in See occupied Mariupol, where dread and suspicion reign PhoTos for The WashingTon PosT TOP: View over the Azovstal industrial complex in Mariupol. MIDDLE: People pass by a food truck that says, <Mariupol 4 this is Russia, period.= BOTTOM LEFT: Vladimir, 52, with his mother in their destroyed house, which they are slowly renovating. BOTTOM RIGHT: Mass graves at a cemetery outside Mariupol. Not all houses have been cleared yet, and bodies are still being found under rubble regularly.

sunday, may 7, 2023 . the washington post EZ RE A29 opinion the city. More than two-thirds of the former inhabitants either were killed or left for unoccupied Ukraine. Others have moved to Russia. Russia has been accused of forcibly relocating migrants, and Putin recently announced that anyone refusing to get a Russian passport would be deported a year from now. Even before the announcement, however, there were long queues of people waiting to get their Russian documents. Many Russian companies are demanding the candidates show Russian papers to be employed. The lines for collecting pensions at the local post office look like Soviet food queues. Food trucks are not exempt from propaganda messaging. They may be painted different colors, but the slogan running the length of their roofs is always the same: <Mariupol is Russian. Period!= The message is likely a deliberate echo of a spectacle that has become commonplace across Russia: More than 800 abandoned McDonald9s restaurants have been renamed <Vkusno 4 i tochka,= or <Delicious 4 period.= In Putin9s Russia, television remains the main propaganda vector. In occupied Mariupol, it is ever-present. It goes without saying that the various channels available to Mariupol9s residents are all controlled by the Russian state. The model for Mariupol is Grozny, the capital of Chechnya, which also was reduced to rubble through two wars prosecuted by Russia in the 1990s and the first decade of the 2000s. Ramzan Kadyrov, Putin9s proxy strongman in Chechnya who has become fabulously wealthy and powerful as a result of Russian efforts to reestablish control there, has openly said that Mariupol will follow in Grozny9s footsteps. A local imam said Kadyrov9s people had reached out to them directly, offering seemingly unlimited assistance. <[On our own] we would have maybe had enough money to paint the benches. But they even [offered to] replace the damaged marble 4 everything,= he said. <The marble is being shipped from Turkey, cut in Rostov and then transported here.= But though enormous effort is being put into rebuilding the center of the city, the devastation dealt to Mariupol by Putin9s war cannot be easily hidden or built over. Private residences are still in rubble. The ruins are ubiquitous, and people are searching for belongings in whatever is left of their homes. <My eshchyo zhivy!= 4 <We are still alive!= 4 is scratched on the door of one house, but bodies are still being pulled from the ruins, and cemeteries are filled with mass graves. Signs with no names, just numbers, mark the graves of entire families wiped out by tank shells or bombs, leaving no one to identify the dead. Luda, a middle-aged woman, was looking for her son9s grave with her husband9s brother. They finally found it 4 the number 6453 carved into a wooden desk. Her son, Vadim Issaev, a 25-year-old Ukrainian police officer, was fighting off the Russians until the end. <A cross or flowers, there is nothing else we can find to buy,= she said, as she laid a wreath on the grave. <He was buried here only in June. He had no more legs when he was dug up, he had no more skin. I had to see his whole body. He was not buried deep.= Lena, 49, and her husband sleep in a basement while they slowly rebuild the aboveground part of their destroyed house. Lena wrote a poem that she showed to the photojournalist. <The walls of the basement shake from explosions. The candles flickered out. Darkness. Silence. I thought we died. . . . O not to go mad from pain and fear! I am crying out a prayer. I pray to survive in this hell.= She did. But only to be surrounded by <desolation and death,= the poem continues. Will she ever again see her daughter, who fled west as Russian tanks approached? Or her granddaughter, who was born shortly thereafter? <I don9t know, I don9t know, I don9t know!= she concludes. The horrors of the war have scarred many of the remaining residents. A sense of betrayal and of being forgotten is palpable. Vladimir, 52, a construction worker, was particularly bitter. <Where the fascists live, in Lviv [in western Ukraine], people sit in restaurants and coffee shops,= he said, using a variation of Putin9s label for pro-independence Ukrainians 4 <Nazis.= <And here, where 90 percent voted [to join] Russia, everything is in ruins. I have started to become more critical of Russia, and have questions.= When he initially fled the fighting, only a few houses were destroyed. By the time he returned, everything was flattened. <That is how the Russians 8liberated9 us.= <It is disgusting to watch television, everyone is lying,= Alla Nikolaevna, 87, said as she collected belongings from her former apartment before the building was demolished. <And our Russian propaganda is everywhere. Yes, it is only bulls--- everywhere!= But after lamenting the horrific conditions she has endured, she added that she was grateful to the forces of the so-called Donetsk People9s Republic. <They brought bread, they brought water.= It9s not clear how much of this was genuine conviction and sympathy for Russia, and how much it was just caution about speaking ill of the occupying forces to a journalist. Yet amid the lies, fear and death, some young people are defiant. Vika, 15, is a student at one of the few schools that have been rebuilt. She explains that the new curriculum is all about Russification. The students are forced to learn and sing the Russian and Donetsk People9s Republic anthems, and paint pictures for the soldiers on the front. Still, she unfurled a Ukrainian flag on the street. A friend had given it to her for her birthday. A few months earlier, she had taken the flag out in the city9s main square. Someone 4 a Russian or a Ukrainian, she doesn9t know which 4 had shouted to her that she could be shot for such behavior. Vika did not need a reminder. <I9m only afraid that if Russian soldiers stop me and check my bag, I9ll be shot,= she explained. <My mother wanted me to hide it, but I always carry the flag with me.= As the journalist was taking a photo of the Nevsky statue, above, they saw another teenage girl flipping the bird to the hallowed Russian symbol. Two days after the International Criminal Court charged Putin with war crimes and issued a warrant for his arrest, the Russian president came to Mariupol for a few hours. He was filmed stopping by the <Nevsky micro-district,= inspecting a new apartment and listening for a few minutes to the effusively grateful occupants. As he was leaving, a barely audible voice is heard on the video, crying out from a distance: <Eto vsyo nepravda!= 4 It9s all lies! Leon Aron is a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and the author, most recently, of <Roads to the Temple: Truth, Memory, Ideas and Ideals in the Making of the Russian Revolution, 1987-1991.= TOP: New apartment blocks constructed by the Russian Ministry of Defense in Mariupol. MIDDLE: A mosque that is being restored by Ramzan Kadyrov. BOTTOM: Vika, 15, unfurls a Ukrainian flag on the street that a friend had given her for her birthday.

a30 eZ re the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 lETTErs TO ThE EdiTOr [email protected] MichaEl dE addEr ABCDE FredericK J. rYan Jr. Publisher and chief executive officer nEWs sallY BUZBee....................................executive editor caMeron Barr.....................senior Managing editor JUstin BanK ...................................... Managing editor Krissah thoMPson.........................Managing editor shariF dUrhaMs.................deputy Managing editor Monica norton .................. deputy Managing editor liZ seYMoUr.........................deputy Managing editor MarK W. sMith.....................deputy Managing editor scott Vance.........................deputy Managing editor BarBara VoBeJda...............deputy Managing editor EdiTOrial and OPiniOn daVid shiPleY.......................................opinion editor MarY dUenWald.....................deputy opinion editor Meghan KrUger.....................deputy opinion editor Karen tUMUltY.......................deputy opinion editor daVid Von drehle..................deputy opinion editor OfficErs KathY Baird.........................communications & events l. WaYne connell............................human resources Kate M. daVeY.....................................revenue strategy gregg J. Fernandes.........customer care & logistics stePhen P. giBson.....................Finance & operations John B. KennedY...................general counsel & labor MiKi toliVer King..................................................arc XP Michael a. riBero....................................subscriptions JoY roBins..........................................................revenue VenKatesh VaralU..........................data and analytics The Washington Post 1301 K st. nW, Washington, d.c. 20071 (202) 334-6000 As ransom for raising our nation9s debt limit and avoiding a catastrophic default, Republicans in Congress are demanding enactment of legislation that would limit access to safety-net programs for those who are least able to survive without public assistance [<Far-right bloc is flexing muscle,= front page, May 1]. GOP members in the House seek to expand work requirements on recipients of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (food stamps) and Medicaid to preserve the Trump tax cuts that favor the wealthy. The conservatives who are demanding the eligibility changes ignore that these tax cuts and the cost of needless wars have greater responsibility for our ballooned budget deficits. Under the guise of fiscal responsibility, Republican lawmakers would be hurting the most vulnerable among struggling families. They well know that many low-income Americans cannot hold a job because of mental illness, physical disability or other factors beyond their control. The work requirement proposals come at a time of recent, steep reductions in food stamp benefits, soaring inflation and heightened food insecurity. Any goodfaith effort to impose work requirements should, at the very least, provide those who would lose their benefits with ready access to case management services that would help them find work and submit the newly required forms showing their continued eligibility. James M. Moore, Bangor, Maine A better safety net On May 4, the jury in the Ed Sheeran copyright infringement case obviously agreed with Elizabeth Nelson9s May 3 op-ed, <The Ed Sheeran lawsuit is a threat to all music makers.= I agree, too. Blues songs can sound similar; sometimes, they can even sound the same. Why? Every bluesman in history has made ample use of what is called the I, IV, V progression, the basic three-chord <building block= of blues music that is also foundational to country music and rockand-roll. You9ll find variations of this progression in pop, R&B and jazz. It usually is very hard to mistake a blues song for a country song, even when both are based on the same three-chord progression. So, what about the chord progression at issue in the lawsuit? When I listen to the songs in question, Mr. Sheeran9s <Thinking Out Loud= and Marvin Gaye9s <Let9s Get It On,= I hear a I, IV, V progression with a minor III chord included (a I, III, IV, V progression). Songwriters are left with only four other possibilities to enhance the melody of a song: adding one, all or any combination of a minor II; minor III; minor VI or diminished VII chord. This technique is very common across all genres of music. In this case, a minor III is used. Who <owns= this chord progression and its possible variations? No one 4 and everyone. Daniel Cline, Columbia No one owns progressions Paul Woodruff9s April 30 op-ed, <I am dying. But I make each day a time for living.,= brought back memories of my time spent with artist Harry Lieberman. I first met Lieberman when he was 100 years old. I became connected with him in California through my marriage at the time. He lived in New York but wintered in Southern California with his daughter. When Lieberman turned 103, I arranged to spend an afternoon with him at his daughter9s West Los Angeles condominium. We spent several hours, just the two of us, on our hands and knees at times (yes, he was limber enough to do so), absorbing his artwork. Mr. Woodruff wrote, <I am living each day with as much life as I can put into it. That means going to bed each night planning at least one project for the next day.= Lieberman was quite philosophical about living life, and at one point in that unforgettable afternoon he said, in his thick Polish Judaic accent, echoing Mr. Woodruff9s statement: <The reason I am living so long is before I go to bed, I imagine what I will be painting the next day.= Lieberman left us in 1983 at age 106, still painting. He left me with not only the above philosophy but also many <seize the moment= stories. Kenneth F. Conklin, Daleville How to live to 106 democratic engagement tied to a vote. From the German Bundestag to Paris, deliberative citizens9 assemblies are set up to provide citizens with a seat in policy reform. I was one of four guarantors of the French citizens9 assembly on the end of life. After weeks of learning, the 184 citizens selected by democratic lottery listened to each other, deliberated and presented proposals to President Emmanuel Macron to allow assisted suicide and euthanasia. Despite the sensitive topic, the report was approved by an overwhelming 92 percent. I am a proud owner of Norman Rockwell9s <Four Freedoms= poster 4 truly revolutionary for the 1940s. In 2023, President Biden and his team would be wise to update their definition of <freedom in its richest sense= to include the freedom to have consequential voice and provide meaningful input in government decision-making in between elections. Marjan H. Ehsassi, Washington The writer is a nonresident future of democracy fellow at the Berggruen Institute. Regarding E.J. Dionne Jr.9s May 1 op-ed, <Biden looks to challenge Republicans on freedom=: I am disappointed that the definitions offered by our Democratic Party are so outdated. When will we realize that as society evolves so should our definitions of freedom? How about freedom to have a meaningful voice in between elections? Across Europe, governments are moving away from minimalistic definitions of Democracy between elections Regarding the April 29 Metro article <Calls for Va. DEI chief to resign=: I have worked with Martin D. Brown, Virginia9s chief diversity officer, and I support his goal of seeking alternatives to the commoditized, consultant-curated diversity, equity and inclusion programs that comprise a $6 billion self-sustaining, lobbied industry. Though Mr. Brown9s <DEI is dead= phraseology was not helpful to his message, examples of DEI overreach abound in the nation9s schools, colleges and universities and are well-documented in the mainstream media. These policies mitigate aspirational, productive work habits under the cover of <equity= 4 a term that has been hijacked by both left and right extremists, smothering any benefits of its original intent. Mr. Brown is advocating that the Virginia Military Institute embed diversity, opportunity and inclusion in its leadership development program 4 a VMI core competency. Substituting <opportunity= for <equity= encourages raising the bar, affording the benefits of a meritocracy to all and pivoting the dialogue toward what we are for rather than what we are against. Virginia Military Institute 4 and any state college or university 4 should be developing leaders with the ability to inspire focus on an organization9s mission while inspiring human endeavor in an increasingly diverse workforce. Finding such leaders will be a unique challenge for all business and professional and military organizations. Mr. Brown speaks clearly in support of diversity and inclusion and of opportunity that defines the VMI system, enriched by profound respect for any and all who have chosen to endure its challenges. John P. Jumper, Spotsylvania The writer is a former president and member of the Virginia Military Institute Board of Visitors. Expand opportunity at VMI T HOUGH MAJOR inefficiencies and inequalities persist in how the United States distributes food, its fantastically productive agricultural sector has conquered the problem of supplying it. The most recent data from the Agriculture Department shows that there is enough food available in the United States to meet everyone9s minimum caloric needs almost twice over. Nor is farming an economically precarious pursuit. Net farm income is on course to hit $136.9 billion in 2023, a decrease relative to 2022 but still 26.6 percent above the 20-year average of $108.1 billion, according to USDA. In other words, there9s no need for the United States to maintain its expensive agricultural safety net, whose origins lie in the long-ago Great Depression 4 at least not in its current form. Yet Congress is once again gearing up to reauthorize the system, which expires on Sept.30, through the quinquennial legislative exercise known as the Farm Bill. The wider debate over federal debt should encompass this mélange of regulations and subsidies 4 from <price loss coverage= to <loan deficiency payments= 4 whose details are intelligible only to the relative handful of rural lawmakers, staff and lobbyists who control the legislative process. One of the most pernicious indirect consequences of the Senate9s bias in favor of small farm states has been to foster interest-group capture of agriculture policy. Abundant evidence shows a disproportionate share of the benefits flows to relatively high-income farmers who, as a group, are better off than the average American household. For reasons of both fairness and spending control, there should be income-based limits on these programs, but repeated efforts to impose them have failed. Scrapping direct government supports for commodities such as corn and soybeans, contained in Title I of the current legislation, would save taxpayers $49.3 billion over 10 years, according to the Congressional Budget Office. A limited crop insurance program sufficient to protect farmers against truly catastrophic disasters might be necessary and appropriate. However, the current law9s lavishly subsidized insurance 4 the government pays about three-fifths of premiums 4 arguably reduces farmers9 incentives to mitigate risks and improve the resilience of their land. Tightening criteria by which insurance payouts are awarded would cut costs by $24.4 billion over 10 years, the CBO calculates, and likely make agriculture more sustainable to boot. Reducing the premium subsidy from 60 percent to 40 percent would save $20.9 billion. Another $7.4 billion could come from reducing federal support for administrative expenses of crop insurance companies and slicing their government-guaranteed rate of return from 14.5 percent to 12 percent. Admittedly, these are small numbers relative to the CBO9s <baseline= projection of how much it would cost to extend existing legislation for 10 years: $1.4 trillion, of which $1.2 trillion is for programs that help people with low incomes pay for food, with the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program being by far the largest. Still, SNAP benefits are already shrinking in the short run as emergency pandemic provisions end; the CBO9s 10-year projection of the program9s costs actually represents a decline as a percentage of gross domestic product. And yet, House Republicans9 proposal to raise the debt limit includes no cuts to farm subsidies, while tightening eligibility for SNAP at a savings of $11 billion over 10 years. No decent fiscal strategy would demand this sacrifice from the poor while asking nothing of the myriad special interests that feed off the farm bill9s wasteful largesse. Stop paying wealthy farmers The U.S. doesn9t need to maintain its expensive agricultural safety net. T HE COVID-19 pandemic brought on a flood of loss 4 of lives, of jobs and, in a less-discussed tragedy, of learning. Students are still suffering the effects of the months and even years spent away from the classroom. The longer schools dawdle in catching them up, the less chance they have of succeeding. The problem was not just that some students lacked internet access; it was also that online learning, the evidence suggests, did not work as well as in-person instruction. The National Assessment of Educational Progress, an evaluation commonly referred to as the nation9s report card, came in last year with alarmingly low marks for the country9s children: Two decades9 worth of progress in math and reading among 9-year-olds was gone. Eighth-graders9 math scores fell in 49 of 50 states. Worse, those already the furthest behind fell behind further still. Black and Hispanic students, as well as students in high-poverty districts, suffered particularly. The longer kids took classes remotely, the worse the numbers look. These declines matter. Already, there has been a national dip in college enrollment among recent graduates 4 in single digits overall but almost 30 percent the year the pandemic began among low-income students. A study by a Stanford University economist estimates pandemic-related learning loss could reduce the lifetime earnings by an average of $70,000. Reversing this crisis will require a historic investment. The good news is, that9s just what states and school districts have gotten from Congress: approximately $190 billion from coronavirus rescue plans, including the $122 billion chunk in the American Rescue Plan, known as the Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund. Think tank FutureEd9s most recent analysis found that states and school districts have so far managed to spend about half the money they9d been allotted. They9ll need to spend the rest by 2024 or else it will evaporate. But spend it on what, exactly? Staffing has, understandably, swallowed up a substantial portion of funding 4 and schools should ensure they9re paying a premium for good teaching rather than just teaching. Spending on facilities and operations has inspired more skepticism. It9s easy to roll one9s eyes at AstroTurf playing fields popping up across the country while students are struggling with long division. But at least half the facilities spending has focused on HVAC systems, a sensible choice in the face of an airborne virus. And in many low-income and rural communities where buildings have long been in substandard condition, safe, well-maintained classrooms can help students learn better. It seems that officials plan to use about a quarter of the remaining money to address learning loss directly. There9s a playbook for how to spend these dollars well. If students are going to learn more than schools usually manage in a year, they9re going to need more time to learn. Yet those extra hours are wasted unless they9re devoted to the types of instruction research reveals work. Foremost among those is what9s known as high-dosage tutoring. This is basically what it sounds like. Students get relatively individualized instruction, and they get it often 4 ideally, three or fewer kids per teacher for three hours each week. The average child in districts that reopened quickly during the pandemic lost the equivalent of about seven to 10 weeks of progress, about a quarter of a normal school year; the average student at high-poverty schools that stayed remote for the majority of the 2020-2021 school year lost the equivalent of about 22 weeks. High-dosage tutoring, done correctly, could compensate, giving kids as much as an additional year of growth every year it9s implemented. There are caveats, mostly having to do with what <correctly= looks like. Less frequent, less intensive versions of the practice produce dramatically worse results. Tutors must be well-trained. Attendance must be mandatory, a goal easier to achieve if the extra instruction happens during school hours. One way to make that happen is to lengthen the school year. Summer sessions could be valuable, too, but also only under certain conditions. A six-week or so summer opportunity can offer about an academic quarter9s worth of growth, provided at least half the day is devoted to academics and provided kids show up 4 an eventuality not to be taken for granted. And no matter when high-dosage tutoring happens, both finding and paying for teachers will be a challenge. Focusing on the students left furthest behind is crucial to contain costs, which experts estimate could land at $4,000 per student per year. Thinking creatively about tutor recruitment can also help; schools could consider teachers-in-training or undergraduates or even parents. One paper suggests that high school students could mentor elementary school students, college students could mentor middle school students, and college graduates in the AmeriCorps program could mentor high school students. High-dosage tutoring is essential to make up for the learning loss covid-19 has wrought. It could also help ensure future students don9t lose so much to begin with. A solution to covid learning loss The nation9s students have fallen behind. There is a way to catch them up. ABCDE AN INDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER EdiTOrials Michelle Kondrich/the Washington Post

sunday, may 7, 2023 . the washington post eZ Re a31 W e now have a Biden Doctrine. The Biden administration has set it out in a striking recent address by national security adviser Jake Sullivan. Sullivan outlines the administration9s international economic policy, but it is really the overarching framework for President Biden9s approach to the world, defining in lucid terms the ideas behind the slogan <a foreign policy for the middle class.= Sullivan is a fiercely intelligent thinker and skilled policymaker who has come to dominate policy in the administration. His speech showcases these talents, and many of the specific initiatives are smart and worth pursuing. But the overall approach left me worried, along three broad dimensions. First, it is a fundamentally pessimistic view of America9s recent history. Sullivan recalls the glory days of American economic power after 1945, but then notes that in <the last few decades= that strength has waned. He talks about the hollowingout of the country9s industrial base, the export of American jobs and the atrophying of industries. We <stopped really focusing on building,= Sullivan said, as he summarized the subsidies, tariffs, bans and investments that are at the heart of Biden9s new approach. Ironically, only a couple of weeks before Sullivan made his speech, the Economist had a cover story on <America9s astonishing economic record.= It begins with 1990 4 often used as the start of the rot in the narrative of decline 4 and points out that despite the rise of huge new economies such as China and India, the United States9 share of global gross domestic product has stayed roughly the same since then: around 25 percent. During that same period, America9s share of the Group of Seven9s economic output increased substantially, from 40 percent to 58 percent. Today, eight of the world9s 10 biggest companies are American. In 1989, only four were American (and six were Japanese). As for building, during these decades, the United States created and built the information economy, surely one of the greatest transformations and advances in human history. In 1990, the great fear in the United States was of being overtaken by Japan, then seen as the predatory economic power that was eating our lunch. But, as the Economist notes in the same edition, in 1990, the income per person in the United States was just 17 percent higher than in Japan; today it is a staggering 54 percent higher. Look at demographics or energy or leading technology companies, and everywhere you see the United States in a dominant position. Perhaps we got something right. The second worry I have is of the efficacy of large-scale government intervention in the economy. Sullivan outlines the need for federal subsidies in certain areas, either to maintain the technological lead or for national security reasons. Brilliant people such as Sullivan might think they are wellpositioned to identify the key strategic industries that need support. But historically, these kinds of interventions have not gone so well. Companies focus on lobbying the government rather than responding to the market, subsidies once in place become eternal, and innovation slows down. In the 1980s and 1990s, Japan9s much-admired technocrats picked industries and companies to push the country into the lead. Their strategic investments in artificial intelligence, maglev trains, micromachines and HDTV all proved to be <multimillion dollar debacles= in the words of a Harvard Business Review essay. Finally, Sullivan insisted that these polices were not designed to be <America First= or <America Alone.= But the facts are clear. Almost every element of Biden9s economic policy has a <Buy America= component to it. Its green subsidies are causing some European companies to build new plants in the United States. This sounds great to Americans but not to Europeans, who must now offer industries their own bribes to invest at home instead. It conjures up an autarchic vision of the world that is quite far removed from reality. (The iPhone, for example, is made with products from dozens of countries across six continents 4 though the vast majority of the profits accrue in the United States.) And as the United States preaches the need for a rules-based international order, it is worth noting that this new Biden Doctrine is violating the core of that order; every one of these policies is in violation of the letter or spirit of the World Trade Organization and its framework of open trade. This hypocrisy is rarely discussed in the United States but frequently and angrily pointed out abroad. The greatest challenge for Americans over the past few decades has been that middle-class wages have not kept up with rising costs of living. That problem will surely get exacerbated by raising costs of goods throughout the economy through tariffs and industrial policy. As former treasury secretary and Post contributing columnist Lawrence H. Summers points out, protecting the 60,000 workers in the American steel industry sounds smart, but when you do it by raising the price of steel, the 6 million workers who use steel as an input in their goods all suffer. A foreign policy that produces persistent, systemic inflation will fail to deliver for the middle class, who are, as Joe Biden often says, its intended beneficiaries. FaReed ZakaRia The Biden Doctrine makes me nervous O nce upon a time, politicians and corporations held an uneasy truce. Sure, if politicians threatened a firm9s bottom line, the business would fight back. But there were limits: Companies tended to conduct these battles politely, for fear of offending regulators who held a great deal of power over them, or customers who might disagree with them. And they did not pick fights on matters that didn9t directly affect their profits. Sometime in the past decade, that truce broke down. A mass corporate boycott forced Indiana to substantially amend a religious freedom law that critics said would roll back LGBTQ+ rights, Delta withdrew a group discount from the National Rifle Association convention, and CEOs signed open letters protesting abortion bans. Conservatives are understandably unhappy with the new <woke capital= and eager for their politicians to push back. Hence the ongoing fracas between Disney and the Florida GOP, which started with Disney offering a mild criticism of Florida9s Parental Rights in Education Act (better known to residents of blue states as the <don9t say gay= law) and has now escalated to a lawsuit in which Disney accuses Gov. Ron DeSantis and other state officials of retaliating against the company for its constitutionally protected political expression. The lawsuit is an excellent illustration of the merits of the old truce: Disney9s criticism of the law achieved nothing except attracting the ire of Republican politicians who were spoiling for a fight. But it is also an excellent illustration of why Republicans keep failing to restore the truce, because they have gone about these fights in the dumbest possible way. As Disney says in its complaint, the company wasn9t looking for a fight with the Florida government. Disney has many billions of dollars9 worth of important, hard-to-move theme park infrastructure in the state of Florida, and politicians have all sorts of ways to make life unpleasant for captive companies. When progressive employees pressed for the company to weigh in, then-CEO Bob Chapek very sensibly demurred. He belatedly issued a statement only after heavy pressure from internal activists. Republicans say this is exactly why they need to fight back, because otherwise, managers will just keep giving in to a small but relentless number of activist employees. As a principled matter, I disagree with that argument; there are very good reasons that we do not allow public officials to use their official powers to suppress dissenting viewpoints. But even accepting its logic, Republicans have made a mess of things. First, they moved to strip Disney of a special privilege the company had enjoyed for decades: the ability to essentially act as the government in the Reedy Creek Improvement District around Disney World. Revoking that privilege can easily be justified as a blow against crony capitalism 4 but it wasn9t. <If Disney wants to pick a fight, they chose the wrong guy,= DeSantis said around the time that he signed a law taking over the Reedy Creek Improvement District last year. He gave interviews emphasizing that this was payback for Disney9s political statements. One can imagine an equilibrium where Florida politicians said such things for the cameras, and then backstage came to a quiet understanding: You stay out of the culture war, we9ll let you run Reedy Creek how you like. Would such a bargain be a tad corrupt? Yes. Would it undermine norms of free speech that ought to be upheld? Also yes. But American democracy is flexible enough to absorb a certain amount of low-grade line-crossing 4 at least as long as politicians exercise some restraint, which DeSantis has not. Instead, he had to keep turning the screws for the cameras, most recently suggesting the state might jack up hotel taxes near Disney, add tolls to the roads, or even build a prison there. Companies enjoy a lot of protections from such retaliation under the First Amendment, and for good reason. Free speech would be effectively impossible if politicians could use their regulatory heft to bankrupt business owners who criticize their policies 4 or to make them fire outspoken employees. Courts have not been friendly to officials who use their power in this way. Disney clearly had no appetite for a brawl with the authorities who oversee its multibillion-dollar investment in theme park real estate. Other companies were also spooked. Shortly after Republicans went after Reedy Creek, the Wall Street Journal reported that panicked CEOs were asking themselves how to avoid becoming the next Disney. Chapek was fired by his board eight months after taking a stand. But DeSantis effectively left Disney no choice other than to pursue its very strong legal case against his antics, and all his bragging about how hard he was sticking it to Disney will provide excellent evidence for the plaintiffs. If DeSantis loses that case, we9re apt to end up with quite a different sort of corrupt deal: one in which everyone who matters understands that this is all just a performance, pantomime attacks that will inevitably get reversed in the courts and will achieve nothing for anyone except the politicians who indulge in it. MeGan McaRdle DeSantis9s Disney parade is pointless W hen he was a New York Mets baseball broadcaster, Ralph Kiner once explained how cold weather can shorten by 25 feet the distance a flyball travels: <If the fence is 338 feet [away] and you hit the ball 338 feet, you9ll be 25 feet short.= Baseball produces more numbers than numeracy. This season, however, the revived national pastime (more about that designation anon) is giving the nation a lesson in how to put the spring back in its step by taking numbers seriously enough to decisively modify them. Even if, inexplicably, you are not a fan, pause to appreciate Major League Baseball9s solutions to the problems caused, paradoxically, by everyone in the game behaving reasonably on the basis of accurate data. Stuffed to the gills with <analytics= (baseball-speak for information) about pitchers9 <spin rates,= batters9 <launch angles,= etc., baseball sagged into longer nine-inning games 4 3 hours and 5 minutes on average last season. Pitchers standing 6-foot-5 and throwing more than 95 mph were overwhelming the game with velocity. It seemed sensible to try to score with one mighty home-run swing than by stringing together hits. So, soon there were seasons with thousands more strikeouts than hits. As games lengthened, action became rarer. Batters put fewer balls in play: One-third of at-bats ended in walks, strikeouts or 360-foot saunters, i.e., home runs. Batted balls that 15 years ago would have been hits, or fielded by feats of extraordinary athleticism, were turned into routine outs by shifts positioning three infielders to one side of second base. (Such shifts are now banned.) Fans responded by yawning, then disappearing. Annual attendance declined from 79.5 million in 2007 to 64.5 million last year. Major League Baseball9s solution this season? Change some rules, beginning with adding a pitch clock: Pitchers must deliver the ball 15 seconds (20 with runners on base) after receiving the ball from the catcher, otherwise a ball is called. If the batter is not ready with eight seconds remaining on the clock, a strike is called. Few such infractions are occurring; people adjust when they must. In this season9s first 383 games, scoring was up over this point in the 2022 season. The average nine-inning game took only 2 hours and 36 minutes. In arguably baseball9s greatest game 4 game seven of the 1960 World Series, when the Pirates beat the Yankees 10-9 on a walk-off home run 4 there was constant action (there were no strikeouts) packed into 4 wait for it 4 2 hours and 36 minutes. Writer Jayson Stark notes that in 2022 there were 232 nine-inning games at least 3 hours and 30 minutes long, more than one a day for six months. If 20239s games are on average 25 minutes shorter than last year9s, this will effectively spare position players, in a six-game week, from the equivalent of a full game on their feet. Some self-described <traditionalists= regret this restoration of traditional baseball 4 the game as played and experienced through most of the 20th century. Real conservatives, who are forever being told <you can9t turn back the clock,= should rejoice that MLB has done this. Before this season9s resurrectionthrough-reform, baseball was tumbling toward steadily decreased significance. Sensibilities change; entertainments are perishable. For decades, boxing was one of America9s premier pastimes. Most people knew the names of recent and contemporary heavyweight champions: Jack Dempsey, Gene Tunney, Joe Louis, Ezzard Charles, Jersey Joe Walcott, Rocky Marciano. Go ahead: Name today9s champion. Baseball is reconnecting with its past and is poised to reclaim the title of national pastime. It temporarily lost this to the NFL, which, like boxing, involves the public deriving pleasure from watching athletes accept a high risk of brain damage. Baseball has revived itself by remembering something that is encoded in America9s DNA, something that has been intensified by life lived at digital speed: impatience. One of professional baseball9s founding fathers, A.G. Spalding (1850-1915), noted, <Two hours is about as long as an American can wait for the close of a Base Ball game 4 or anything else, for that matter.= A wit has wondered why fans in ballparks stand in the seventh inning to sing <Take Me Out to the Ball Game= when they are already there. Perhaps this is because of baseball9s glorious everydayness: <Take me out to tomorrow9s game, too.= <Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow / Creeps in this petty pace from day to day=? Not in ballparks in 2023. Fans, rescued from a creeping pace, can, unlike sourpuss Macbeth, cheerfully anticipate briskly played games tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow. GeoRGe F. Will Baseball speeds up and reconnects with its past JoNaThaN NeWToN/The WashiNgToN PosT Hunter Harvey of the Washington Nationals practices using a pitch clock on Feb. 18. and work substantiated before money is paid, rather than the other way around. And, as the Post story points out, Leo, a powerful Washington operative who has overseen a generation-long project to fill the federal judiciary with conservative jurists, didn9t have any official role at the Judicial Education Project; its president at the time, Neil Corkery, certified on the organization9s tax filing that no one other than officers or key employees had control over its operations. What work did Ginni Thomas actually do for this rather significant sum? To be blunt, was this just a way of Leo funneling money to the Thomases 4 not just any money, but tax-deductible donations that must be used for charitable purposes? Did Leo use Conway9s firm as a cutout to avoid a direct linkage to the charitable organization? Were there other such arrangements in which Leo sent funds to Ginni Thomas? And why the mania for secrecy? <Knowing how disrespectful, malicious and gossipy people can be, I have always tried to protect the privacy of Justice Thomas and Ginni,= Leo told The Post. That9s one explanation. But these were internal records 4 who9s gossiping about them? An alternative explanation: Leo didn9t want the Judicial Education Project, if the Internal Revenue Service or others inquired, connected to Ginni Thomas. Then there are the questions about direct overlap with the business of the court. In December 2012, the same year that Ginni Thomas was receiving money through the Judicial Education Project, the group filed a friend-of-the-court brief <No mention of Ginni, of course.= That was Leonard Leo9s instruction to pollster Kellyanne Conway in 2012. Leo, who sits astride an opaque network of conservative legal groups, told Conway he wanted to <give= Virginia <Ginni= Thomas <another $25K.= Conway was doing work for a Leo operation, the Judicial Education Project, and she quickly complied with Leo9s directive, under the bland bookkeeping designation <Supplement for Constitution Polling and Opinion Consulting.= According to reporting by The Post9s Emma Brown, Shawn Boburg and Jonathan O9Connell, Conway9s firm paid Ginni Thomas9s firm, Liberty Consulting, $80,000 from June 2011 to June 2012 and was slated to pay $20,000 more by the end of 2012. This transfer does not have the aura of an ordinary business transaction. There9s nothing wrong with the Judicial Education Project hiring a pollster and nothing wrong with Conway9s firm, the Polling Company, enlisting Thomas9s consulting firm as a subcontractor. Moreover, Ginni Thomas, who was a conservative activist before she met her husband, Clarence Thomas, should be able to have her own career, within the bounds of appropriateness given her husband9s position as a Supreme Court justice. But why is Leo directing how much and when Conway will <give= to Ginni Thomas, a transaction that would ordinarily be between the consultant and the subcontractor? Usually, invoices are submitted in Shelby County v. Holder, which would turn out to be a landmark case eviscerating the Voting Rights Act. If his wife received $100,000 from a group with an interest in the outcome of the case, should Clarence Thomas have recused himself from the decision? That9s a complex issue on which serious experts quoted by The Post differ. The federal recusal statute requires judges to step aside from any case in which their <impartiality might reasonably be questioned.= There9s little risk here that Thomas was going to be actually influenced by payments to his wife; he was going to vote to cut back voting rights in any event, as he had previously. Of course, that shouldn9t end the inquiry. The question is whether the payments would raise doubts about the justice9s impartiality. All this underscores the inadequacy of existing financial disclosure rules. In this situation, unlike others involving the justice, the issue isn9t whether he followed the letter or spirit of the disclosure law 4 it9s whether the law needs to be revamped. The rules require reporting only of the source (not the amount) of income 4 in Ginni Thomas9s case, Liberty Consulting 4 not the clients of the consulting firm. There9s no way of knowing that any money came to the Thomases from the Judicial Education Project via the Polling Company. There has been a lot of reporting over the years about Leo9s sprawling financial empire, but the Post story offers a glimpse into its long-secretive inner workings. The view 4 <no mention of Ginni, of course= 4 is not an attractive one. Ruth MaRcus 8Another 25K9 for Ginni Thomas? I have questions. A lot of questions.

A32 EZ RE the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 Coming Up This Week To register for upcoming events and watch recent interviews with Washington Post Live, visit wapo.st/wpl or scan code with a smartphone camera: THE DEBT CEILING SHOWDOWN Maya MacGuineas, President, Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget MacGuineas assesses the current standof between Congress and the White House over the federal debt ceiling and what9s at stake for the U.S. economy. MON. MAY 8 AT 3:30 P.M. WELL+BEING Andrew McCarthy, Actor and Author, <Walking with Sam= |e actor reveals what he learned about the power of walking and his father-son relationship from traveling the Camino de Santiago with his son. THURS. MAY 11 AT 1:00 P.M. LUKE RUSSERT Author, <Look for Me |ere= Russert reûects on the legacy of his late father, Tim Russert, and speaks to his own journey forging a new path aver stepping away from the news industry as chronicled in his new book. THURS. MAY 11 AT 11:00 A.M. LEVELING THE PLAYING FIELD Jessica Berman, Commissioner, National Women9s Soccer League |e National Women9s Soccer League commissioner talks about her eforts to level the playing ûeld for female soccer players, gender pay equity and the upcoming Women9s World Cup. TUES. MAY 9 AT 2:30 P.M. RACE IN AMERICA: BREAKING BARRIERS Oscar Munoz, Former CEO & Executive Chair, United Airlines and Author, <Turnaround Time= Munoz shares his new book documenting his life story from immigrant origins to becoming the ûrst Latino CEO of a major U.S. airline. WED. MAY 10 AT 3:00 P.M. 8CAPEHART9 Chasten Buttigieg, Author, <I Have Something to Tell You= Buttigieg discusses the new young adult edition of his memoir about growing up gay in a small Midwestern town and embracing his identity. WED. MAY 10 AT 11:00 A.M. THE PATH FORWARD: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Reid Hofman, Co-Founder, LinkedIn and Inûection AI & Partner, Greylock |e longtime tech investor provides his insights about the promise, risks and future of artiûcial intelligence. TUES. MAY 9 AT 4:00 P.M. FIRST LOOK |e Post9s Jonathan Capehart, Ruth Marcus and Ramesh Ponnuru Washington Post Live9s <First Look= ofers a smart, inside take on the day9s politics. Jonathan Capehart hosts a reporter debrief followed by a roundtable discussion with Washington Post columnists. FRI. MAY 12 AT 9:00 A.M.

KLMNO Sunday, may book world 7, 2023 . Section B eZ ee ron charles tom hanks9s first novel spotlights the hard work of movie-making. B2 memoir a new Yorker staff writer weighs his nazi grandfather9s guilt. B3 fiction abraham Verghese9s long-awaited new novel is a triumph. B4 The master of suspense has a few fears of his own Dean Koontz is a prolific writer of terrifying tales. He9s also riddled with worry and self-doubt. philip Cheung For the Washington post Dean Koontz, 77, at his home in Irvine, Calif., last month. the best-selling novelist has sold more than 500 million copies in 38 languages. hurricane. Mostly, Koontz stays put in orange County. easier, safer. He installed a towering fence, which partially obstructs the view, to protect his golden retriever elsa from rattlesnakes. His 12,000- square-foot art-filled manse features the latest innovations to guard against wildfires. still, every night Koontz places a freshly printed copy of whatever manuscript he9s working on in the fridge 4 just in case of a conflagration. so, write what you know. Koontz is billed as the <international bestselling master of suspense,= though he eschews labels and writes in multiple genres 4 supernatural, science fiction, young adult, manga, dog. frequently, his books fuse several and are dusted with humor. <You can9t tie him down,= his friend and fellow best-selling author Jonathan Kellerman says. <He just works all the time. He has a lot of anxiety but manages to channel it into fiction.= Ten hours a day, six days a week 4 more nearing the end of each book, <when momentum carries me like a leaf on a flood.= He revises constantly, an average of 20 times before he proceeds to the next page. <When the writing is working, nothing stops me,= he says. He worked 36 hours straight 4 twice 4 creating <Watchers,= one of his most beloved books, first published in 1987. Due to stress and his former regimen of 13 Diet Cokes a day while writing, he developed a bleeding ulcer a decade ago and almost see Koontz oN B7 BY KAREN HELLER IN IRVINe, CAlIf. F ew American writers sell as many books, live better or worry more than Dean Koontz. <There are days that you think, 8I can9t do this anymore,9= says Koontz, 77, author of more than 110 books that have sold over 500 million copies in 38 languages. <of all the writers I9ve ever known, I have more self-doubt. I9m eaten by it all the time.= fears? He has a few. Koontz writes terrifying stories of murder and mayhem, yet is incapable of watching a gory movie. He hasn9t flown for 50 years after a flight he was on encountered serious turbulence and a nun on board proclaimed, <We9re all going to die.= He9s not big on boats, either, after an anniversary cruise coincided with a

B2 ez ee the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 Fiction Against the tanned hordes of Hollywood grifters, cads, creeps, prima donnas, egomaniacs and nepo babies, Tom Hanks stands like a warrior clad in decency and girded in goodness. A twotime Academy Award winner whose films have grossed $10 billion, Hanks is the living embodiment of our hopes that nice guys finish first. For more than 40 years 4 on stage, TV and big screen 4 Hanks has worked as an actor and producer. He can remember what it9s like to sweat for attention, and he knows what it9s like to run from the paparazzi. He9s partnered with the industry9s biggest movers and shakers, and he9s been attended to by the army of dressers, caterers and personal assistants who toil away in the shadows to keep the stars shining. How easily Hanks could have published a memoir detailing those decades of experience: Just imagine the riotous anecdotes about Ron Howard, Sally Field, Meg Ryan, Denzel Washington, Julia Roberts, Steven Spielberg, the Coen brothers and anybody else who is or was anybody in contemporary entertainment. Perhaps someday we9ll get that memoir, but it9s unlikely to be as charming or as spiritually revealing as his debut novel, which has the self-mocking title <The Making of Another Major Motion Picture Masterpiece.= As you might expect from such an amiable author, this is not a story set in Harvey Weinstein9s toxic Hollywood. So far as I can tell, Hanks9s book is not a roman à clef or a camouflaged tell-all or a sly act of disguised payback. Instead, it9s a novel shot in pastel tones, as though the movie trade were based in Lake Wobegon. Except for a few nods to entrenched sexism, the industry9s well-documented abuses are elided in favor of concentrating on the better angels of its nature. With any luck, Hanks9s next novel will be about D.C. <The Making of Another Major Motion Picture Masterpiece= starts gently, even slowly, in the voice of Joe Shaw, a film professor in Bozeman, Mont. Through a series of unlikely turns 4 which is the trajectory of almost everything in this story 4 Shaw has attracted the attention of Bill Johnson, one of the country9s most successful writer-directors. During the coronavirus pandemic, Johnson invites Shaw to observe the filming of his next project to write <a book to explain the Hanks9s debut novel shines with movie magic Ron Charles BY WENDY SMITH T he title of T.C. Boyle9s latest novel is darkly ironic: There are no blue skies in <Blue Skies.= In Florida, where half the action takes place, skies are gray, swollen with clouds that shower near-perpetual rain on an already sodden landscape. In California, the skies are white with heat and the earth below bakes in a drought that has been going on for four years. <Or was it five?= wonders Ottilie, the Santa Barbara matriarch of the bicoastal family that is the subject of <Blue Skies,= and whom Boyle subjects to an escalating series of ecological and personal catastrophes over the course of seven years. Boyle is vague about environmental damage as the story begins, more or less in the present. Ottilie is aware of the adjustments she and husband Frank have made to accommodate an increasingly unfriendly climate, but she doesn9t quite register their significance. The drought <hadn9t affected her and Frank all that much,= she thinks, <especially since they9d uprooted the lawn and had it replaced with the wood chips Frank insisted on spraying with fire retardant, just to be on the safe side.= Wildfires and endless drought are the new normal, and even Ottilie9s efforts to do her part for sustainability rest on comfortable middleclass assumptions soon to be overtaken by events. Ottilie is prodded into these eco-conscious efforts by her son Cooper, a graduate student in entomology perennially nagging everyone about the death of the planet. Boyle9s satire has lost none of its edge over the course of a nearly half-century literary career; Cooper is a self-righteous boor, and he gets a grim comeuppance early in the A dark, disaster-ridden tale envisions the future of climate change novel, when an infected tick bite leads to the amputation of his right forearm. But Boyle also shows us the vulnerability at the core of Cooper9s obnoxious behavior, the need of a nerdy kid dubbed <bug boy= in junior high to proclaim the moral superiority of his interests and concerns. Human beings9 dogged capacity to endure is one of Boyle9s central themes, but this does not, in his depiction, necessarily make them admirable. Across the continent, Cooper9s sister Cat lives in an expensive Florida beach house with her fiance, Todd, a Bacardí <ambassador= who globe-trots throwing lavish parties on the rum company9s dime. Cat impulsively buys a Burmese python because she aspires to be an influencer; draping a snake around her neck will give her a cool look for her social media postings. She9s unquestionably shallow and self-absorbed, missing several blatantly dropped narrative hints that keeping a large, wild reptile as a pet is not a good idea. But Cat is also lonely and basically good-hearted, a popular denizen of the local bar where she hangs out and drinks too much during Todd9s frequent absences. Everybody in the novel drinks too much, which is one way to blunt the impact of the disasters Boyle piles on them. Those disasters are depicted with an expert blend of suspense, terror and, occasionally, very black humor. In the first of several bravura scenes, Cat9s wedding to Todd at her parents9 home is disrupted by winds that set the canopies and tableware flying and chase everyone into the house, where the electricity cuts out and the aggrieved caterer declares she can9t serve dinner <under these conditions.= Packed shoulder-to-shoulder, <eating cold entrees off handheld plates,= the family assumes things can9t get worse 4 until someone smells smoke and spots fire on the ridge behind the house. Nine months later, Ottilie drives through a roadbed writhing with Siamese walking catfish, crushing them under her wheels as she races a hurricane to reach her pregnant daughter, alone and in labor as the waters rise around her house so fast that an ambulance cannot get through. High winds, faltering electricity and wildfires are not outside the norm in California today, although the road-walking catfish seem to be products of Boyle9s apocalyptic imagination. Nonetheless, the catastrophes he invents seem to be all-tooplausible possibilities for the near future. By the end, Boyle shows us the infrastructure of modern civilization disintegrating in tandem with the natural environment we have thoughtlessly plundered and polluted. It is not a cheerful finale, but in the closing pages, we see Ottilie, Frank, Cat and Cooper adapting to what would once have been unthinkable circumstances and even looking ahead to a future. It is not at all clear that Boyle shares his characters9 optimism (or is it obliviousness?), but this fiercely honest writer shows us what he sees and invites his readers to draw their own conclusions. Wendy smith is a two-time finalist for the National Book Critics Circle9s excellence in Reviewing citation and the author of <Real life Drama: The Group Theatre and america, 1931- 1940.= making of movies.= Hanks knows a lot about the behavior of actors, but fortunately he knows very little about the writing of academics, so his novel is mercifully unlike anything a professor of film studies would compose. Shaw delivers the rest of this story as an omniscient narrator, deftly moving from scene to scene and, along the way, helpfully explaining production jargon for a lay audience. But before we get anywhere near the movie set 4 or the present day 4 Shaw presents what is essentially a 70-page novella set in 1947. We9re introduced to Robby Andersen, a sweet little boy living in the sweet little town of Lone Butte, Calif. Robby idolizes his errant uncle, who was traumatized by serving as a firefighter in World War II. When Robby eventually becomes a successful comic book creator, one of his stories is about his uncle9s horrific experience in the Pacific. Decades later, Robby9s comic book 4 cleverly excerpted in the pages of this novel 4 serves as the inspiration for a character in Bill Johnson9s new superhero movie, <Knightshade: The Lathe of Firefall.= That lengthy opening section, titled <Source Material,= asks for a lot of emotional investment in people we will not see again for a very long time. One wonders if a less famous debut novelist would have been afforded so much runway. But like Hanks, I digress. The important thing to know is that <The Making of Another Major Motion Picture Masterpiece= does eventually get around to making another major motion picture masterpiece. And it9s a thoroughly engaging tale, tightly tied to a propulsive 53-day schedule that must not be altered. <A halt in the shooting day is a disaster,= as everyone knows. <An unholy sin.= The movie that Johnson and his team are creating 4 part of a billion-dollar franchise 4 never really comes into focus, except for a few isolated scenes. No matter. This is a story about what happens behind the cameras. Hanks is at pains to impress upon us that movie-making is a circuitous process involving a vast network of people 4 some famous, most not 4 showing up and doing their best. This is most definitely not a novel about the magic of filmmaking; it9s a novel about the hard work of filmmaking. Indeed, any belief in magic 4 along with genius and destiny 4 is pretty well shredded by the end. Only three qualities matter: talent, determination and, especially, punctuality. The marquee will blaze with one name, but in these chapters, there is no hierarchy: <At some point, and there9s no telling when that moment is, someone is responsible for the whole movie,= we9re told. <Everyone has the most important job on the movie.= Johnson, Hanks9s star-making director, is well drawn, but he gets less attention here than the staff members who do everything from casting actors to schlepping sandwiches. Allicia Mac-Teer, an African American producer known in the industry as Al, is the real power and planner behind the throne. But years ago, she was just a front desk manager at a Garden Suite Inn near the Richmond airport. There she impressed Johnson by making sure his favorite frozen yogurt was available late at night. That9s the kind of indispensable initiative that a great director notices. Somehow, Al knew in her bones that Hollywood isn9t about being the most beautiful or even the most talented. <Making movies,= she announces, <is about solving more problems than you cause.= A star is born. That lesson is so important to this novel 4 and presumably to Hanks 4 that it9s essentially repeated in the success story of Ynez Gonzalez-Cruz. She9s struggling to make ends meet as a taxi driver when she happens to pick up Al for a ride to the location for <Knightshade.= Recognizing Ynez9s attentive, problem-solving spirit, Al hires her as her permanent driver, then as her personal assistant. If you9ve been paying attention, you know where this is going, but that doesn9t make it any less gratifying. Although this novel is a love letter to the industry, it9s not entirely toothless. Even the most glamorous stars in this universe are subject to the ordinary laws of physics. Indeed, the pompous actor playing Firefall, a young man named O.K. Bailey, gets hilariously skewered. He demands banana pancakes, <not pancakes with bananas=; tells his gorgeous, repulsed co-star that they shouldn9t sleep together until after the shooting; refers reverently to his <process=; and announces to the exasperated cast, <I9ve got no ego.= After decades of enduring such irritating artistes, Hanks seems to have somehow typed this wickedly funny section entirely by eye-rolling. It9s no spoiler to reveal that <Knightshade: The Lathe of Firefall= will survive O.K. Bailey 4 and stalkers and jealous spouses and even the untimely death of a cast member. But blockbuster status is not preordained. After all, in the months before Opening Day 4 or streaming 4 a movie is just <a billion shards of glass that have to be assembled piece by piece into a mirror.= The longer you watch Hanks create that glittery surface, the harder it is to look away. ron charles reviews books and writes the Book Club newsletter for The Washington Post. illuSTRaTioN By KaTTy hueRTaS/The WaShiNGToN PoST; FRazeR haRRiSoN/GeTTy imaGeS thE MAKIng of AnothEr MAjor MotIon pIctUrE MAstErpIEcE By Tom hanks; comic book illustrations by R. Sikoryak Knopf. 417 pp. $32.50 JamieSoN FRy In <Blue Skies,= T.C. Boyle subjects an American family to an escalating series of ecological and personal catastrophes. BLUE sKIEs By T.C. Boyle Norton. 368 pp. $30

sunday, may 7, 2023 . the washington post EZ EE B3 nonFiction one.= Is there such a thing? By all accounts, Gönner became more reasonable still when he was appointed party chief of Bartenheim in 1942. It was a role that a more passionate disciplinarian might have abused, but Gönner turned a blind eye to the minor infractions that the Nazis loved to punish so disproportionately 4 and eventually went so far as to cover for draft dodgers. <Most of what Karl could offer were small mercies,= Bilger writes, <yet lives were at stake,= even in a remote town. In the end, Gönner was exonerated, if not entirely absolved, by the testimony of the many villagers he saved. <Husband, wife, daughter, and niece all freed from prison by his requests,= one villager wrote. <Of the eighteen hundred souls in our town, not one was deported,= another added, <although he knew that several young men had hidden themselves.= Still, in one letter written before the war, Gönner announced his <open commitment to National Socialism.= <Fatherland= is billed as a memoir, but it BY BECCA ROTHFELD T he year is 1946, and the man standing before us is a former Nazi Party chief. He is German, but we are in the bitterly contested region of Alsace, which has been freshly and fanatically French since its liberation two years ago. Now, the l9épuration (the postwar purification) is at its height: Over the next half-decade, more than 9,000 people will face execution as war criminals or collaborators. Will Karl Gönner, the man we have been called upon to judge, be one of them? He stands accused of murdering a French dissident when he was stationed as a schoolteacher and party chief in the border town of Bartenheim, but many locals claim that his shrewd interventions saved their families from imprisonment, deportation and worse. Like many survivors of World War II, he appears to be both innocent and guilty. Gönner is the grandfather of New Yorker staff writer Burkhard Bilger, and the enigma at the heart of <Fatherland: A Memoir of War, Conscience, and Family Secrets,= an elegant and ambivalent book animated by an insoluble mystery. Gönner9s murder charges are easily defused, but the question of his general complicity continues to gnaw, and Bilger finds himself entangled in a skein of uncertainties. Complex questions of culpability aside, it is difficult enough to establish the basic facts of the case. Gönner is an ordinary person, not a major historical figure, and much of his life went undocumented. Still, Bilger manages to piece together an outline, albeit one riddled with gaps and doubts. The Nazis knew the Alsatians had divided loyalties, and in 1940, when the region was incorporated into the Reich, Germanization proceeded apace. Bilger writes that <gravestones were tossed out or recarved in German, berets declared illegal. The Nazis called the latter Gehirnverdunkelungskappe, brain-darkening caps, and gave out fines and jail time to those who wore them.= Soon after the occupation began, <children were given wagons with which to gather French books door-to-door= so that the offending texts could be burned. Schoolteachers played a seminal role in indoctrinating the youth, and Gönner, who was working as a teacher on the German side of the Rhine, was sent across the river to transform the children of Bartenheim <into good little Germans.= His pupils agree that he was a skillful instructor, strict but never cruel. He performed the obligatory Nazi rituals 4 he made his students shout <Heil Hitler= when they greeted him 4 but spent less of the school day propagandizing than many of his peers. He even let his students get away with pro-French pranks. One of them, now a wizened old man, tells Bilger: <He was a Nazi, but a reasonable Unraveling his grandfather9s past as a Nazi contains little in the way of self-indulgent soul-searching. Instead of brooding on memory and morality, Bilger reports on Gönner9s contradictions as impassively, methodically and evocatively as he does on high-altitude skydivers and mushroom hunters in the New Yorker. The results are reconstructions of scenes from Gönner9s life that read as fluidly as passages in a novel. Writers of popular history are apt to fidget over minutiae like enthusiasts fussing over model trains, but <Fatherland= wears its meticulous research lightly. Its prose is not academic but brimming with vivid images. In Bartenheim, the houses blend <German propriety and French deshabille, their walls newly plastered here and crumbling picturesquely there.= In his prison photographs, Gönner9s lips are <pinched into a pleat.= Even minor characters are painted in bright hues. One interviewee tells stories in a <faint, papery voice, like a breeze through dry leaves,= and a man at a local festival has features <as flushed and bulbous as a handful of radishes.= Anecdotes abound as Bilger travels through Germany and France to meet with local historians, interview aging Alsatians and, on one occasion, enlist a group of elderly German women to help him decipher a letter in archaic script. Yet <Fatherland= is indeed a personal document, not because it often lapses into reminiscence, but because it doubles as a commentary on its own composition. Alongside Gönner9s narrative runs a second thread, this one about the limitations of the journalistic endeavor. <I had grown used to a certain kind of omniscience as a journalist,= Bilger confesses. There are many reasons for Gönner9s inaccessibility. First is deliberate obfuscation: The archives in his native village <were burned by locals desperate to erase their Nazi past.= The second is his anonymity. The battles that he fought during World War I <were cataclysmic events shared by tens of thousands of others,= but there are few records revealing the texture of his daily life as a small-town schoolteacher. Third and most intractable is the difficult truth that the question of Gönner9s conscience is impossible to answer, probably even for the man himself. <Fatherland= contains no decisive revelations and delivers no ultimate verdicts. The most Bilger can conclude is that, during World War II, almost no one remained untainted. If Gönner was able to do good deeds, it was because he was a dutiful enough Nazi to ascend the ranks of the party. As a sign that Bilger passes on a walk through idyllic modern-day Germany reminds him: <WER SCHWANNEN F_ETTERT, F_ETTERT AUCH RATTEN= 4 those who feed swans also feed rats. Becca rothfeld is the nonfiction book critic for the Washington Post. coURtESy of BURkHaRD BIlGER ABOVE: In his new book, Burkhard Bilger explores the life of his grandfather, who was a Nazi Party chief. RIGHT: Karl Gönner, the grandfather of Bilger, with the author9s uncle, Gernot. fATHerlAnd A Memoir of War, Conscience, and family Secrets By Burkhard Bilger Random House. 314 pp. $28.99 won a top scholarship to Eton, where he was a legendary student, and then a top scholarship to Oxford9s Balliol College, where he was almost an All Souls fellow in history before eventually being named one in philosophy. This was the pedigree of prime ministers (and Edmonds notes that Parfit probably spent his 19th birthday with Harold Macmillan, then Britain9s prime minister, at an Oxford gathering). Excerpts from letters, poems and short stories written during his teenage years evince a vivid imagination and superb prose style; at one point, he interned for the New Yorker. In my view (with which some professional philosophers disagree), he would become a spectacular philosophical stylist, as well. Reading Plato in Greek is like watching glasswork slide across a frozen and frictionless pond under moonlight. Parfit is probably the closest anyone has gotten to achieving that effect in English. In some ways, Parfit9s work was of his times, and <Parfit= draws out those connections, perhaps without discussing them as explicitly as a reader might like. His first paper, the barnburner <Personal Identity,= came in 1971; its claims that persons are always shading into new identities and that they have deeper connections to each other than they might realize seem appropriate to the hippie heyday. He was, in other ways, too, clearly a product of his era. Though he was professionally competitive 4 cutthroat, even, Edmonds suggests 4 those instincts did not extend to his romantic life, in which he appears to have been a kind of proto-polyamorist in the 970s, another instance of porous borders. Separately, Edmonds mentions Parfit9s aphantasia, a condition of incapacity to generate mental images that also seems, Edmonds notes, to be linked with a weak sense of connection to one9s past, but he doesn9t draw out the connection between Parfit9s life and his thinking. Perhaps he was hesitant to explain Parfit9s conclusions as anything other than the result of ingenious argumentation. Indeed, Parfit comes across in the book as someone who would follow logic where it led, whether it was with or against the currents of contemporary culture. Some of Parfit9s work has, in any case, continued to resonate in our own moment. The clearest example of this is his interest in the ethics of future persons, which had a critical impact on the movements of effective altruism and the associated thesis of <longtermism.= Longtermism, recently the topic of a popular book by William MacAskill, <What We Owe the Future,= holds that when we think about what9s right and wrong, we should take the far future into account. It could have far more people than the present, which could mean far more pleasure (good) or far more pain (bad). Those people could also make progress on ethics itself, leading to exponentially more good being done. Longtermism has the classic Parfitian feel: somehow straightforward and sensible while simultaneously seeming completely alien 4 like eating cottage cheese and bell peppers for breakfast. <Parfit= is written engagingly, ably balancing philosophy and biography. Readers outside the field will find Edmonds9s descriptions of Parfit9s philosophical contributions fascinating and clear. Readers inside the field, on the other hand, will probably be just as engaged by the inside baseball of it all, in which a cast of often surprisingly famous characters affects and is affected by Parfit9s life and work at every stage, from childhood to death. People like Tim Hunt, Joan Didion, Tyler Cowen and Amartya Sen pop in and out of the pages, some of them seemingly by chance, but others out of what feels almost like elemental force: In Edmonds9s account, the gravity of Parfit9s generational philosophical genius ineluctably draws in other intellects and creative people. Before reading Edmonds9s book, I had been unaware of just how many people Parfit had influenced. Though he wrote many articles for specialists, and some for the public, he published only two books, <Reasons and Persons= and <On What Matters.= Both were academic texts, and not easy ones, but both garnered enormous readerships, as well. His brilliance seems to have radiated out into others, their own success a side effect of his intellectual dynamism. Edmonds, a former student of Parfit, makes frequent reference to the voluminous commentaries Parfit offered to other philosophers on works in progress, and he quotes another former student as saying that being taught by Parfit was <like a religious experience.= Despite doing very little in the way of public writing, he pivotally affected the broader culture. Philosophy at its best combines striking originality with rigorous argument and deftly navigates between simply restating our common-sense intuitions and doing away with them entirely. Parfit9s philosophy was philosophy at its best, and <Parfit= is an excellent introduction to that philosophy and the life in which it grew to occupy such a central role. Oliver Traldi is a graduate student in philosophy at the University of Notre Dame. StEvE PykE/GEtty ImaGES Derek Parfit in 1990 in Oxford, where he was a top scholarship student. A new biography delves into the life and ideas of the British philosopher, whose work forms the core of the modern metaphysical study of personal identity. BY OLIVER TRALDI T he stunningly original British philosopher Derek Parfit, who died in 2017, was known for work that forms the core of the modern metaphysical study of personal identity. With the help of some sci-fi thought experiments, he famously argued that there is sometimes no answer to the question of whether a person at one point in time is the same as a person at another time. Realizing this, he argued, should help us understand that personal identity isn9t what <matters,= a thesis with far-reaching consequences that should leave us with doubts about the whole notion of rational self-interest. Rationality might, instead, demand impartiality from us. And we might start to fear death less. When a professor of mine came to this last point in a seminar more than a decade ago, he scoffed a little and said something like, <But remember, it9s Parfit saying this. He eats cottage cheese and bell peppers for breakfast.= Parfit was so strange an individual, and lived such a strange life, that his musings on the real-life implications of his work might be hard to take seriously 4 or so my professor thought. David Edmonds9s new book, <Parfit: A Philosopher and His Mission to Save Morality,= is about both the intelligence and the strangeness of its subject. It works through his life, spent largely at Oxford, and his ideas, which all relate to people (or <persons=) and ethics, the study of what people ought to do. In Edmonds9s estimation, at least, Parfit saw himself as among the first philosophers to really and seriously undertake this study without religious assumptions. Concerned above all with suffering, Parfit himself had abandoned religion in his youth, unable to understand how a just and loving God could be responsible for so much pain. And his ethical philosophy remained focused on suffering, a good fit for British utilitarian consequentialism, an intellectual tradition in which promoting pleasure and reducing pain are seen as the primary mandates of ethics. <Parfit= is told, in some ways, as a mystery story, an investigation into how its subject became such an alien. The adult Parfit, singlemindedly focused on his thinking about ethics, exhibited a number of strange behaviors, like exercising nude, redirecting everyday conversations to philosophy and editing his photography 4 his other passion 4 to improve things (lengthening spires, removing human figures and so on). As a boy, though, Parfit had been popular, and his interests had been wide-ranging. He Portrait of philosopher embraces both his wit and his strangeness PArfiT A Philosopher and His Mission to Save Morality By David Edmonds Princeton University Press. 380 pp. $32

B4 eZ ee the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 Book World BY JOAN FRANK A braham Verghese 4 novelist (<Cutting for Stone=), doctor and professor of medicine 4 introduces his enormous new novel <The Covenant of Water= with a personal note to advance readers: His late mother, Mariam, <was an incredible storyteller= who <wrote a forty-page manuscript= in response to a grandchild9s query about her life. <In this novel,= Verghese declares, <I draw on some of those stories.= He dedicates the book 4 10 years in the making 4 to his mother. I can9t think of a mightier tribute. (Nor, apparently, can Oprah Winfrey, who has just announced this novel as her latest book club pick.) Set in the Kerala state of India, <Covenant= reads like a lavish smorgasbord of genealogy, medicine and love affairs, tracing a family9s evolution from 1900 through the 1970s, in pointillist detail. The family9s dark secret? <In every generation . . . at least one member has drowned unexpectedly= 4 even though those who sense they9re afflicted with <The Condition= try their utmost never to get wet. Artfully, Verghese shapes and links successive lives through wars, monsoons, famine (<the fruity, acetone odor of a body consuming itself, the scent of starvation=). Pivotal scenes are intensely physical; intimacy swept up into widescreen pageantry in the manner of <Dr. Zhivago=: floods, fires, pestilence, train journeys, teeming streets, far-flung characters coming faceto-face. Some of these coincidences test credulity 4 yet their urgency defeats doubt. Likewise, when loss and horror strike they feel inevitable and real. What binds and drives this vast, intricate history as it patiently unspools are vibrant characters, sensuous detail and an A sprawling saga of family, love and medicine in India Making a case for hard-luck singer lost to obscurity intimate tour of cultures, landscapes and mores across eras. <Our young bride= 4 who becomes Big Ammachi (big mother), the saga9s unforgettable matriarchal backbone 4 rejoices in windfalls (births, friendships, including that of a beloved elephant) and grieves innumerable tragedies (some foreshadowed, others a shock). Local wit lightens up many of the proceedings: <Does he have a cow ready to calve back in the barn? . . . Did he leave the rice on the fire?= (What9s his hurry?) <A crying child is a breathing child.= (Prioritize emergencies.) <If brains were oil, that one didn9t have enough to prime the tiniest lamp.= Verghese folds in major players, guiding them toward each other: the irresistible Digby Kilgour, a young medical graduate, migrates in 1933 from a nightmare childhood in Glasgow to Madras, India, to gain surgical experience: <The sight of suffering is familiar; its language transcends all borders.= Medical crises incite action throughout the novel, allowing Verghese to tap into his deep experience and endearingly humane philosophy. When Digby, badly burned in an accidental fire, flees to a remote leprosy sanctuary to recover, he is slowly repaired there by the (marvelously drawn) Swedish village doctor Rune Orqvist. These passages provide some of the book9s most moving and revelatory moments. Of Digby9s hands Verghese writes: <The spectacle of these ruined tools of a surgeon9s livelihood fills Rune with sorrow. This is, after all, his own nightmare, though in his dream the culprit is always leprosy. He is overcome. He takes a deep breath. The journey the two of them embark on together must begin with love, Rune thinks. To love the sick 4 isn9t that always the first step?= Verghese9s technical strengths are consistent and versatile: crisp, taut pacing, sensuous descriptions that can fan out into rhapsody. Madras9s evening breeze carries <scents of orchids and salt, an airborne opiate that . . . finally lets one forget the brutal heat of the day,= a break from the riotous sense-assault of Madras itself: <odors of cured leather, cotton, dried fish, incense, and salt water, the top notes of the antique scent of this ancient civilization.= Verghese writes sex scenes with striking tenderness, as well as stunning accounts of birth and death struggles, graphic surgeries, mouthwatering food, and keen depictions of class and caste divisions in Glasgow and India. Verghese9s compassion for his ensemble (which subtly multiplies), infuses every page. So does his ability to inhabit a carousel of sensibilities 4 including those of myriad women 4 with penetrating insight and empathy. Writerly strokes may occasionally feel broad, but like animate oil paintings, their effect is rich and reverberant. The further into the novel readers sink, the more power it accrues. Throughout, Verghese painstakingly weaves in his insatiable love for, and belief in, art and literature. When an eccentric neighbor teaches Ammachi9s son Philipose to read 4 starting with <Moby Dick=4 Ammachi wonders, <Isn9t it one big lie?= <It9s fiction!= thunders the old teacher. <Fiction is the great lie that tells the truth about how the world lives!= Mother and son are quickly converted, hungry to read 4 and here Verghese secures his opus9s through-line. After reading a book, Philipose explains to Ammachi, <I9ve lived through three generations and learned more about the world and about myself than I do during a year in school. Ahab, Queequeg, Ophelia, and other characters die on the page so that we might live better lives.= That9s surely its own covenant 4 a fitting mission statement for this grandly ambitious, impassioned work. <Covenant= is a magnificent feat. Joan frank9s latest books are <Late Work: A Literary Autobiography of Love, Loss, and What i Was reading= and <Juniper street: A novel.= CourTesy oF KiM DeiTCH Connie Converse sings at the home of Gene Deitch in 1954. Even after a TV appearance, Converse9s art remained unknown and she eventually disappeared in August 1974. BY JOHN LINGAN B illboard9s top-selling single of 1954 was <Little Things Mean a Lot,= a syrupy-sweet ballad sung by Kitty Kallen and laden with orchestral strings. Kallen9s soft coo 4 <Blow me a kiss from across the room/ Say I look nice when I9m not= 4 is the Eisenhower era incarnate; you can practically hear saddle shoes pitter-pattering a slow dance in the background. But revolution was already afoot. That was also the year of <Rock Around the Clock,= <Shake, Rattle and Roll,= and <Sh-Boom,= to say nothing of Brown v. Board of Education. Into this combustible, in-between cultural moment stepped 30-year-old Manhattan songwriter Elizabeth <Connie= Converse, who appeared that summer on CBS9s new program <The Morning Show,= bearing her nylon-string guitar. Performing for host Walter Cronkite (whose routine on the show included regular discussions of current events with a puppet named Charlemagne the Lion), Converse played a few of her original compositions, which bore no resemblance to Kallen9s sentimental puff or the burgeoning teen genre of rock and roll. In the words of Howard Fishman, whose biography of Converse, <To Anyone Who Ever Asks,= culminates his 12-year odyssey to understand this beguiling talent, her work exists <out of time, out of music history altogether.= Her broadcast TV appearance was the only time Converse received the slightest mainstream attention, and no video of even that brief showcase survives. She recorded no albums, her only performances occurred in New York City living rooms among friends and family, her songs were never recorded by other artists, and she was unknown even among the Greenwich Village folk music scene that arose just after she left the city for Ann Arbor, Mich., out of frustration, in 1961. Converse9s recordings 4 some made at those intimate parties, others made at home with rather advanced amateur gear for her time 4 weren9t publicly available until 2009, when the collection <How Sad, How Lovely= was compiled by curious obsessives Dan Dzula and David Herman, who sold copies online. Readers might reasonably wonder if such an artist merits a doorstop like this one. Fishman, a songwriter and musician as well as a cultural journalist, answers the question by turning Converse9s very lack of acceptance into its own subject. <To Anyone= is the grandly researched portrait of a talent who didn9t get her due, a kind of worst-case study of why this indignity remains a brutally common occurrence. In his epilogue, Fishman asks: <How many more Connie Converses are there out there 4 marginalized talents waiting to be heard; artists and thinkers lacking the emotional tools, the encouragement, the self-esteem, the community, needed to thrive?= He never quite identifies why Converse9s art remained obscure, but certainly she was unclassifiably eccentric in her fashion choices and artistic interests, never a middle-of-the-road mind. She also exhibited depressive, even antisocial, tendencies, which eventually overtook her life. As her experience on CBS conveys, Converse was talented enough to command interest and attention, but star-crossed even by the standards of unfairly ignored geniuses. She excelled at pop songwriting, classical and opera composition, and prose. She worked for years on at least one novel, and the many letters that Fishman quotes are uniformly clever and expressive. But in August 1974, when she was 50, Converse got in her Volkswagen Beetle and drove away from her brother9s house, where she lived with him and his wife and sons, never to be seen or heard from again. Disappearance was her final act of creation, and 4 other than a major analytical piece she published with her Michigan employer, an academic journal dedicated to the subject of conflict resolution 4 the only effort she saw through to full completion. Most readers will not even be aware of Converse, who sold no albums, won no awards and left no musical legacy. Fishman admirably establishes his subject9s greatness in purely artistic terms, lavishing heartfelt attention on her literate lyrics and her harmonic sophistication. He traces her compositional and writerly similarities to Brill Building pop, Tin Pan Alley and the more obscure regionalisms of Harry Smith9s <Anthology of American Folk Music,= while ultimately placing her outside any particular school or style. Though her voice-and-guitar work sounds like folk by default, <she had no interest in nostalgia,= Fishman writes. <Instead, she was concocting brand-new music . . . more original, more personal, and arguably more artistically worthwhile than the often ersatzsounding anthems being penned by the likes of [Pete] Seeger and the Weavers.= Individual listeners may agree or not with that assessment. Converse9s <guitar songs= are raw bootlegs of urbane and reserved tunes, not murkily mysterious folk documents like the low-fidelity blues recordings from the era. But Fishman9s passion for this music and his devotion to uncovering its origins are infectious, and form a secondary plot of the book. He first heard <How Sad, How Lovely= at a holiday party soon after its release and couldn9t believe that music so modern, sophisticated and haunting was made while Bob Dylan and Joni Mitchell were too young to drive. Fishman learned Converse9s songs and began performing them at his own gigs. He compelled a singer and pianist, Charlotte Mundy and Christopher Goddard, to make an album of Converse9s unreleased art songs, based in the German liede tradition. He tracked down Converse9s brother, hosts of parties she attended and surviving relatives of her friends. He found scholars and historians to appraise her work in contemporary terms. (They9re all left awestruck.) <To Anyone= is simultaneously the record of an obsession and its ultimate payoff. It9s hard to think of any book that grants such loving attention to an artist who has otherwise been denied it. In that way it feels well suited to the 21st-century vogue for musical rediscoveries and reappraisals. Ever since the late tortured English balladeer Nick Drake found a new audience thanks to a 1990s Volkswagen commercial, forgotten or never-ran geniuses have been rescued from obscurity by record labels like Numero Group and Omnivore Recordings, documentary films like <Searching for Sugar Man= and <20 Feet From Stardom,= and enterprising artist-curators like Damon Albarn and Jack White. Connie Converse may never reach the broad audience that those projects found; her music is gorgeous but low-key and elusive, like candid black-and-white photos from a time when everyone smoked indoors. But <To Anyone Who Ever Asks= is a rich paean to it, and to the profound connections that art can form between individuals, even decades apart. John Lingan is the author of <A song For everyone: The story of Creedence Clearwater revival= and <Homeplace: A southern Town, a Country Legend, and the Last Days of a Mountaintop Honky-Tonk.= to anyonE Who EvEr asks the Life, Music, and Mystery of Connie Converse By Howard Fishman Dutton. 564 pp. $32 thE CovEnant of WatEr By Abraham Verghese Grove. 736 pp. $32 J Henry Abraham Verghese9s newest book was selected by Oprah Winfrey as her latest book club pick.

sunday, may 7, 2023 . the washington post EZ EE b5 Book World About halfway through his new book, <Knowing What We Know,= Simon Winchester devotes several pages to a British organization, founded in 1826, called the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. By publishing inexpensive booklets on a variety of subjects, the group aimed to enlarge the intellectual horizons of the newly literate working classes of that era. In many ways, Winchester 4 the genial and much admired author of books about the Oxford English Dictionary, the volcanic explosion of Krakatau, the Yangtze and Mississippi rivers, geological maps, the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and so much else 4 might be appropriately dubbed the One-Man Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge of our own era. Whatever his subject, Winchester leavens deep research and the crisp factual writing of a reporter 4 he was for many years a foreign correspondent for the Guardian 4 with an abundance of curious anecdotes, footnotes and digressions. His prose is always clear, but it is also invigorated with pleasingly elegant diction: Fashionable gentlemen might be <grandees= or <swells,= while a country9s dependent provinces are dubbed <satrapies.= Winchester also neatly enriches his sentences with sly literary allusions: The intellects of Chinese censors, he notes in this new book, are <vast and cool and unsympathetic,= which is how H.G. Wells described the minds of Martians. Above all, Winchester values precision. While many writers would be content to refer to <the Andaman Islands= and stop there, Winchester 4 trained in geology and the earth sciences at Oxford University 4 proffers a sharper geographical delineation: <the Andaman Islands, the string of limestoned jungle-covered skerries lying in the Bay of Bengal, off the coast of Burma.= In short, he is a pleasure to read, or even to listen to, as devotees of his audiobooks can testify. In <Knowing What We Know,= Winchester surveys <how knowledge has over the ages been created, classified, organized, stored, dispersed, diffused and disseminated.= The book, nearly 400 pages along covers oral storytelling, the development of writing, the emergence of libraries in antiquity, the discovery of paper by Cai Lun in China, the Gutenberg printing press, the heyday of the encyclopedia, the rise of newspapers, radio and television, the techniques of propaganda and public relations and, finally, the digital and artificial intelligence revolutions of our own time. Do these subjects sound familiar? As a brief afterword explains, Winchester worked on the book while hunkered down in his study in western Massachusetts during the coronavirus pandemic, unable to travel for in situ research. Consequently, <Knowing What You Know= is less original than his best-selling <The Professor and the Madman= 4 about a convicted murderer, confined in an insane asylum, who became a major contributor to the Oxford English Dictionary 4 or <The Man Who Loved China,= an enthralling biography of the eccentric Joseph Needham, the biologist turned Sinologist who spearheaded the magisterial multivolume <Science and Civilization in China.= <Knowing What We Know= is, instead, largely a synthesis of Winchester9s extensive but focused reading, amplified with occasional short borrowings from his own magazine articles and earlier writing. Informative and entertaining throughout, it is packed tight with his usual array of striking factoids: The Rosetta Stone is the most visited object in the British Museum, Virginia Woolf reviewed Arthur Waley9s translation of <The Tale of Genji= for Vogue Magazine, announcers in the early days of BBC radio read the news in full evening dress and 4 those were the days! 4 one issue of the Sunday New York Times in 1987 clocked in at 1,600 pages and weighed roughly 12 pounds. In a loose sense, the first half of <Knowing What We Know= supplies the background history to the overriding and more philosophical question that eventually comes to the fore in the second half of the Michael Dirda 8Wanderlust: An Eccentric Explorer, an Epic Journey, a Lost Age,9 by Reid Mitenbuler Writing with panache and insight, Reid Mitenbuler serves up the many-faceted life of Peter Freuchen (1886-1957), Danish Arctic explorer, trading-post operator, writer, journalist, lecturer, actor, environmentalist, supporter of the Danish Resistance and winner of the immensely popular quiz show <the $64,000 Question.= (This last made him a celebrity where his death-defying feats and creative accomplishments had not.) Beginning in 1906, he spent almost 20 years living among the Inuit in Thule, Greenland. He married a Native woman and took part in several grueling arctic expeditions, one of which cost him a foot and part of a leg, frozen when he was trapped beneath packed snow. The book has found the ideal narrator in Peter Noble, who has a fine storytelling voice and conveys the drama of events in a measured fashion, without theatricality. It9s a fine achievement given the larger-than-life details 4 one or two of which strike the listener as being embellished by Freuchen9s penchant for a good yarn. (HarperAudio, Unabridged, 191/4 hours) 8The East Indian,9 by Brinda Charry Brinda Charry9s novel begins in her 8The Lost Wife,9 by Susanna Moore Set before and during the Civil War, Susanna Moore9s seventh novel concerns itself with a far less celebrated conflict: the United States9 war against Native Americans in the Great Plains. The story revolves around Sarah Brown, who escapes a violent husband, makes the wretched journey from Rhode Island to the Minnesota Territory to join a childhood friend 4 who, alas, has died. Sarah, a practical woman, finds a husband in a doctor; the couple have two children and move further west. Around them, the Dakota Sioux have been cruelly cheated by government agents, and by 1862, they are starving and desperate. Led by Little Crow, they rise up, killing hundreds of settlers and taking hostages, among them Sarah and her children who become incorporated into tribal life. But federal retaliation is ruthless, with hundreds slaughtered and hundreds captured and condemned to hang (though, Lincoln commuted the sentences of all but 38). Sophie Amoss narrates this heartbreaking tale in a compassionate, sometimes heated voice, conveying both the immense injustices dealt to the Dakota and Sarah9s strength of mind and resourcefulness. (Random House Audio, Unabridged, 51/4 hours) AuDiobooKs by katherine A. Powers native India and draws on her study of English Renaissance literature, specifically Shakespeare9s <A Midsummer Night9s Dream.= It9s an unlikely pairing that never quite works 4 but what does, and does so splendidly, is her fictional recreation of the predicament of Tony from India9s Coromandel Coast. He travels to England as a young servant to a master who dies; he is soon snatched from a London street and transported to the English colony of Jamestown in 1635. There he is indentured to a series of masters, all demanding, one brutal. Tony, the first East Indian to arrive in America, falls between racial categories which are hardening into social identities. Lonely and often despised, Tony perseveres with a plan to practice medicine. His adventures illuminate the precarious circumstances, superstitions and outlook of this illfavored, tobacco-producing colony. Vikas Adam narrates the book in a clear, gentle voice. His delivery is a real pleasure, despite his repeated mispronunciation of <victuals.= (Simon & Schuster Audio, Unabridged, 103/4 hours) Katherine A. Powers reviews audiobooks every month for the Washington Post. book: What will be the fate of humankind in a world where, increasingly, machines do our remembering, thinking and creating for us? Winchester worries <that today9s all-tooreadily available stockpile of information will lead to a lowered need for the retention of knowledge, a lessening of thoughtfulness, and a consequent reduction in the appearance of wisdom in society.= Himself a second-string polymathic, Winchester hero-worships those people who, throughout history, have aspired to know everything or who have contributed useful innovations to multiple fields. In Western culture, Aristotle is the primary exemplar of this tradition, but <Knowing What You Know= touches on others nearly as accomplished, including the scientist Shen Gua in 11th-century China, the multilingual, multitalented Black African James Beale (who later renamed himself Africanus Horton), the saintly mathematicians Srinivasa Ramanujan and Frank Ramsey (both of whom died young), the learned classicist Benjamin Jowett, the 19th century visionary Charles Babbage, who drew up plans for an <Analytical Engine,= Tim Berners Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, and John McCarthy, the founding father of artificial intelligence. While the above list does not include any women, largely due to the constraints imposed on them in the past, its range does underscore the global perspective of the author. For instance, one section of <Knowing What We Know= surveys the various national exams given to young people, starting with the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), now increasingly disparaged, though seldom for the reason mentioned by Winchester: <In the eyes of almost every educated country in the world, the American SAT is just ridiculously easy.= Its Chinese equivalent, the dreaded Gaokao, <is to the American SAT as Go is to Go Fish.= A 2018 preliminary exam for 11- year-olds in the city of Shungqing tellingly featured this question: <A ship carries 26 sheep and 10 goats: How old is the captain?= One child not only calculated that the livestock weighed at least 7,7000 kilograms but knew that piloting a boat carrying more than 5,000 kilograms of cargo required its captain to have had a license for five years. One could only apply for such a license at the age of 23. Ergo, the boat captain must be at least 28 years old. Think of all the different kinds of knowledge that child brought to bear on this seemingly insoluble problem. Because computers can now answer our questions at a keystroke, they cannot help but encourage laziness and intellectual atrophy: As gym rats say about putting on muscle, <No pain, no gain.= Instant access to digitized information can be a useful adjunct to our daily lives, but it is still no match for the deeply human pleasure of acquiring competency, in learning how to do a difficult thing well all by oneself. Don9t we most admire those people who can perform intricate tasks, whether physical or mental, with confidence, grace and pizazz? As one Chinese girl proclaimed, learning was worth any amount of hard work <because she now had the knowledge.= Winchester ends <Knowing What We Know= with the somewhat desperate speculation 4 earlier enunciated by Sherlock Holmes in <A Study in Scarlet= 4 that our minds can only retain so much information. By allowing computers to function as our brain attics, we might gain the mental space and leisure <to suppose, ponder, ruminate, consider, assess, wonder, contemplate, imagine, dream= and thus become more <thoughtful, considerate, patient= and <wise.= Isn9t pretty to think so? Yet I suspect that people are too gloriously messy, too human, for this sort of austere, Utopian future, whether imagined by Plato, Wells or Winchester. In fact, all that high-minded thinking sounds more like how some bloodless and very smart computer might happily spend the livelong day. Michael Dirda is a Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist for Book World and the author of the memoir <An open Book= and of four collections of essays: <Readings,= <Bound to Please,= <Book by Book= and <classics for Pleasure.= iStock German inventor Johannes Gutenberg brought printing to Europe. In <Knowing What We Know,= Simon Winchester looks at how humans have historically gained and stored knowledge. How we know what we know, from oral storytelling to AI KnoWing WhAT We KnoW The Transmission of Knowledge, From Ancient Wisdom to Modern Magic By Simon Winchester Harper. 432 pp. $35

B6 eZ ee the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 fICTION 1 The SeVeN hUSBaNdS Of eVelyN hUGO (Washington square, $17). By taylor Jenkins reid. a hollywood icon recounts the story of her glamorous life to a young reporter, and both discover the cost of fame. 2 The laST ThING he TOld Me (marysue rucci, $17.99). By laura Dave. looking for answers about her husband9s disappearance, a wife and her recalcitrant stepdaughter discover shocking secrets. 3 The INVISIBle lIfe Of addIe larUe (tor, $19.99). By V.e. schwab. a young woman9s bargain for immortality renders her cursed to be forgotten by anyone she meets. 4 daISy JONeS & The SIX (Ballantine, $17). By taylor Jenkins reid. a singer and her band look back at their days as one of the most iconic rock groups of the 1970s. 5 a COUrT Of ThOrNS aNd rOSeS (Bloomsbury, $19). By sarah J. maas. a threat is growing over a magical land where a huntress is being held captive. 6 Sea Of TraNQUIlITy (Vintage, $17). By emily st. John mandel. the author of <station eleven= and <the Glass hotel= explores the psychological implications of time travel for characters from different centuries. 7 The SONG Of aChIlleS (ecco, $17.99). By madeline miller. the legend of achilles retold through the lens of his friend Patroclus. 8 The CaNdy hOUSe (scribner, $17.99) By Jennifer egan. a sequel to the Pulitzer Prize-winning <a Visit from the Goon squad= continues the story of tech mogul Bix Bouton. 9 leGeNdS & laTTeS (tor, $17.99). By travis Baldree. a mercenary hangs up her sword and opens a coffee shop. 10 The ThUrSday MUrder ClUB (Penguin, $17). By richard osman. four septuagenarians join forces to catch a killer. NONfICTION 1 CryING IN h MarT (Vintage, $17). By michelle Zauner. a korean american indie rock star chronicles her relationship with her mother and their shared culture. 2 BraIdING SWeeTGraSS (milkweed, $20). By robin Wall kimmerer. essays by an indigenous scientist offer lessons in reciprocal awareness between people and plants. 3 all aBOUT lOVe (morrow, $16.99). By bell hooks. the first volume in the iconic feminist9s <love song to the nation= trilogy considers compassion as a form of love. 4 The BOdy KeePS The SCOre (Penguin, $19). By Bessel van der kolk. a scientific look at how trauma can reshape a person9s body and brain. 5 KIllerS Of The flOWer MOON (Vinatge, $17). By David Grann. a look at the fBi9s investigation of native american deaths in 1920s oklahoma. 6 The daWN Of eVeryThING (Picador, $25). By David Graeber and David Wengrow. an anthropologist and an archaeologist challenge modern scientific principles of human cultural evolution. 7 The aNThrOPOCeNe reVeIWed (Dutton, $18). By John Green. essays from the best-selling author reviewing aspects of modern living on a five-star scale. 8 TINy BeaUTIfUl ThINGS (10Th aNNIVerSary edITION) (Vintage, $17). By cheryl strayed. the <Dear sugar= advice columnist adds new material to her best-selling collection. 9 CaSTe (random house, $20). By isabel Wilkerson. america9s racial divisions are examined and reframed as a caste system. 10 hOW TO Tell a STOry (crown, $18). By meg Bowles, catherine Burns, Jenifer hixson, sarah austin Jenness and kate tellers. <the moth radio hour= directors offer advice on crafting and delivering compelling stories. rankings reflect sales for the week ended april 30. the charts may not be reproduced without permission from the american Booksellers association, the trade association for independent bookstores in the united states, and indiebound.org. copyright 2023 american Booksellers association. (the bestseller lists alternate between hardcover and paperback each week.) Washington Post Paperback Bestsellers courtesY of the american Booksellers association 7 SUNday | 3 P.M. Aaron Hamburger discusses <hotel cuba= with Justine Kenin at Politics and Prose, 5015 connecticut ave. nW. 202-364-1919. 5 P.M. Joshua Myers discusses <of Black study= at Politics and Prose. 8 MONday | 6 P.M. Hena Khan discusses <Zara9s rules for record-Breaking fun,= <Zara9s rules for finding hidden treasure= and <Zara9s rules for living Your Best life= at scrawl Books, 11911 freedom Dr. reston. 703-966-2111. 7 P.M. Kem discusses <share my life: a Journey of love, faith and redemption= at Politics and Prose. 9 TUeSday | 7 P.M. Steve Drummond discusses <the Watchdog: how the truman committee Battled corruption and helped Win World War two= with Melissa Block at Politics and Prose. 10 WedNeSday | 7 P.M. Carly Goodman discusses <Dreamland: america9s immigration lottery in an age of restriction= with Dara Lind at Politics and Prose. 7 P.M. Bonnie Garmus discusses <lessons in chemistry= streamed through sixth and i at sixthandi.org and also in person at sixth & i historic synagogue, 600 i st. nW. 202-408-3100.$12-$36. 7 P.M. Nicole Hackett discusses <the Perfect ones= with Christy Gibson at Politics and Prose at union market, 1270 5th st. ne. 202-544-4452. 7:30 P.M. Naomi Shihab Bye shares her favorite poems from other poets and reads from her own work at lutheran church of the reformation, 212 east capitol st. ne. 703-734-0319. $15-$20. 11 ThUrSday | 7 P.M. Andy Cohen discusses <the Daddy Diaries= streamed through sixth and i and also in person. $12-$40. 7 P.M. Elizabeth Winkler discusses <shakespeare Was a Woman and other heresies: how Doubting the Bard Became the Biggest taboo in literature= at Politics and Prose. 7 P.M. Amy Klobuchar discusses <the Joy of Politics= with Dana Bash at GWu Dorothy Betts marvin theatre, 800 21st st. nW. $40. 12 frIday | 6 P.M. Ben Hatke discusses <reynard9s tale= at scrawl Books. 7 P.M. Landon Jones discusses <celebrity nation: how america evolved into a culture of fans and followers= with Evan Thomas at Politics and Prose. 13 SaTUrday | 2 P.M. Michael Zucker discusses <the eisenhower chronicles= at Patrick henry library, 101 maple ave., east Vienna. 703-938- 0405. 3 P.M. Melissa Ditmore discusses <unbroken chains: the hidden role of human trafficking in the american economy= at Politics and Prose. 3 P.M. Camille T. Dungy discusses <soil= at common Good city farms at common Good city farm, 300 V st. nW. 5 P.M. Andrew Hoehn and Thom Shanker discuss <age of Danger: keeping america safe in an era of new superpowers, new Weapons, and new threats= at Politics and Prose. for more literary events, go to wapo.st/litcal. lITerary CaleNdar may 7-13 Book World BY BECKY MELOAN W ith May flowers comes a bounty of wonderful books: a moving memoir about gardening, novels about colonial Jamestown, Louis XIV9s Paris, a dying shopping mall, a diabolical serial killer, a self-made pirate queen and more. Fill up your bookshelf with something you love. 8Soil: The Story of a Black Mother9s Garden,9 by Camille T. Dungy Tending her family9s garden for almost a decade has given spiritual sustenance to Dungy, a poet and an environmentalist. It has also provided a road map for her view on social justice: She argues that cultivating a garden is an act of political engagement. Just as plants live naturally in clusters, symbiotically working for survival, Dungy points out, people should also live in communities that support each other. Standards created through outdated norms 4 think of homeowners associations requiring expansive green lawns 4 encourage homogeneity, but in the natural world, chaos provides more opportunities for growth. Planting life in the soil and incorporating its lessons into everyday living, Dungy contends, can offer a way to protect both the environment and the people who live in it. (Simon & Schuster, May 2) 8The East Indian,9 by Brinda Charry A debut novel about the first native of the Indian subcontinent to live in the American colonies, Charry9s stirring coming-of-age tale centers on Tony, whose kidnapping resulted in a voyage to England and later to the new colony of Virginia. Bound to serve a tobacco plantation owner in Jamestown, Tony endures the tribulations of his low social status and dangerous racial assumptions caused by his brown skin. As he adapts to his new environment, he develops friendships, skills and loving relationships while he dreams of becoming a healer. (Scribner, May 2) 8You Are Here,9 by Karin Lin-Greenberg A mall in a small Upstate New York town has long been a haven to those who set aside big dreams: There9s the single mother who is the last remaining stylist at Sunshine Cuts, the aspiring actress who works at the food court9s Chickety Chix and the chain bookstore manager who has built a tiny house to avoid finishing his dissertation. As residents contend with the mall9s impending closure, a tragedy highlights the importance of connections to others. Like Elizabeth Strout9s <Olive 10 noteworthy books for May Fill up your bookshelf with books about gardening, a self-made pirate queen and more Kitteridge,= the charm of Lin-Greenberg9s engaging story lies in the sweetness of the characters9 everyday lives. (Counterpoint, May 2) 8The Midnight News,9 by Jo Baker Twenty-year-old Charlotte, reeling from the death of her brother in the early days of World War II, endures further heartbreaking losses from bombings during London9s Blitz. Fragile and lonely, it is harder to <keep calm and carry on= when she suspects there may be more to the string of deaths than meets the eye. Her only confidant is a boy who feeds the birds in the park where she walks to work, whose life has also been overturned by the war. Baker9s intriguing historical novel explores how the strain of wartime living can tip the balance between sanity and delusion, and how forging friendships can be a lifeline. (Knopf, May 2) 8Killing Me,9 by Michelle Gagnon Captured by a serial killer, Amber Jamison is certain she9s about to die. Then a mysterious woman in a ski mask appears out of nowhere, slays the killer and flees the scene. The narrow escape triggers a law-enforcement search Amber can9t afford to be part of, as she is a former grifter trying to go straight. Holing up in a Vegas motel awaiting new identity papers, <Ski Mask= returns, setting off a dangerous chase with the support of her two new friends 4 a citizen detective and a sex worker whom she might be falling for. Gagnon9s neo-noir thriller hits all the right notes, providing an entertaining, escapist ride. (Putnam, May 16) 8The Disenchantment,9 by Celia Bell In Bell9s transporting novel, the unhappily married Baroness Marie Catherine finds ease in salon discussions with broad-minded thinkers and comfort in the arms of Victoire Rose de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Conti. When a shocking crime threatens to expose the illicit affair between the noblewomen, they race to stay one step ahead of the investigation that threatens not just their entanglement, but also the lives of the many others who were accused of witchcraft and poisoning, from the streets of 17th-century Paris to the gardens of Louis XIV9s Versailles. (Pantheon, May 16) 8Women We Buried, Women We Burned: A Memoir,9 by Rachel Louise Snyder Snyder, an award-winning writer who often spotlights stories about human rights and gender-based violence, turns her focus inward in this gripping memoir. She chronicles a childhood spent rebelling against the evangelical religion in which her father and stepmother were raising her and the subsequent years finding her way on her own. Snyder9s curiosity is matched by her own resilience; writing stories about survivors parallels her own story of overcoming trauma and finding grace. (Bloomsbury, May 23) 8Homebodies,9 by Tembe Denton-Hurst Inspired by her own layoff from a media job in 2019, Denton-Hurst9s sharply written debut novel follows ambitious young writer Mickey, who knows her employer often overlooks her contributions as a Black woman. Believing that if she just works hard enough, she can make a name for herself, Mickey9s world is thrown into a tailspin by a sudden job loss. When a cathartic letter she posted to Twitter calling out racism and sexism in the workplace goes viral, she starts to understand that confidence can only come from within. (Harper, May 2) 8The Celebrants,9 by Steven Rowley Just before their college graduation in 1995, one of a group of six friends died of a drug overdose. The remaining five promise to support each other through future crises by meeting for celebrations to remind them that their lives have meaning to each other. Over the following decades, as parents die and marriages flounder, their gatherings have served as beacons of light, love and laughter during difficult stretches. This time, though, is different. With a surprise announcement, their shared pact might be in jeopardy. The author of <The Guncle= brings his signature humor and warmth to life9s inevitable passages and the value of friendships over time. (Putnam, May 30) 8Deep as the Sky, Red as the Sea,9 by Rita Chang-Eppig Becoming the leader of Chinese pirates takes fortitude, and Shek Yeung knows she must do what is needed after seeing her husband, who is also the captain, slain. Quickly marrying her spouse9s second-in-command and promising him an heir, she establishes control over her half of the fleet and sets out to take control of the entire army, seeking power while also becoming a mother. In this swashbuckling saga, the Chinese Emperor, colonial European forces and even the mythological sea goddess Ma-Zou attempt to thwart Shek Yeung9s plans at every turn, and she must battle fiercely for the world she believes in. (Bloomsbury, May 30) Becky Meloan is an editorial aide for Book World.

sunday, may 7, 2023 . the washington post eZ ee B7 Book World died. Koontz prohibits distractions. He doesn9t read emails 4 his assistant or his wife, Gerda, print them out 4 and won9t open a browser, even to check facts or the news. <I never go online. Never. I don9t trust myself,= he says. <I know I9m a potential obsessive, and I don9t want to waste time.= Head down, nose to keyboard. Koontz is warm, genial and prone to astonishing candor. over lunch and a $135 bottle of his favorite Caymus Cabernet, he weeps several times recalling his harsh childhood in rural Pennsylvania, with a father of such spectacular cruelty that he sounds hatched from a Koontz novel, and recounts how Gerda, his high school sweetheart and wife of 56 years, saved him. In the early days of their marriage, Koontz taught high school and worked in an anti-poverty program. He loved the students but was far from happy with the administrators. He sold a few science fiction short stories and novels published in paperback. Being a novelist was the long-held dream. Though he was raised in a house without books, writing became a refuge from the age of 8, when he would create stories and sell them to relatives for a nickel. Gerda made him a deal: write for five years and I9ll support you. She told him, <If you can9t make it in five years, you never will make it.= He did, beating her deadline. Koontz belongs to a small anomalous group of wildly popular, prolific authors who also regularly garner positive reviews. (Stephen King is another.) His books tend to include propulsive plots, often everyday heroes, true love and happy endings, though his childhood promised nothing of the sort. <Dean believes 4 and I think this is reflected in his work 4 that good will prevail, and that kindness is a virtue worthy of celebration, even when circumstances seem dire,= says Jessica Tribble Wells, executive editor of Amazon Publishing. (Amazon founder Jeff Bezos owns The Washington Post.) He dwells in that rarefied air of King, John Grisham and James Patterson, publishing blockbusters with legions of fans who inhale everything they write. Though he rarely travels, Koontz conducts virtual events, writes a monthly newsletter and responds often to ardent readers. <All his characters are on an adventure. They want a normal life but get pulled into these situations. I believe Dean lives his books,= says Kathie Salembier, 72, a retired bookkeeper in fair Haven, mich., who has mailed fan letters to only three luminaries: Elvis, Eminem and Koontz. The novelist responded three times. <my prized possessions,= Salembier says. When Koontz decided to change publishers in 2019, he received eight offers, all but one guaranteeing mid-seven-figure advances for each book. many houses submitted marketing plans of one to three pages, he says, but Amazon Publishing9s <must have been some 40 pages.= KOOnTz fRom B1 Even in real life, Koontz is a crafter of worlds PhoTos by PhiliP Cheung For The WashingTon PosT FROM TOP: Dean Koontz at his Irvine, Calif., home last month. The house is maintained by a staff of five and includes a spa, sauna and steam shower. He removed the gym for a second library that holds nearly 9,000 unique editions of his own novels. Plaques commemorate Koontz9s beloved deceased golden retrievers, Trixie and Anna, in the backyard. <What Dean wants is as many readers as possible,= says Richard Pine, Koontz9s co-agent along with Kimberly Witherspoon. <one of the things that got me reading his books is that he9s such a better writer than he sort of needed to be.= Koontz is withering about past editors who didn9t believe in his promise. Koontz writes two books each year. <The House at the End of the World= was released in January; <After Death= will arrive in July. <At my age, it9s kind of astonishing,= he says. Koontz doesn9t do outlines. He feels they9re constraining. He starts with characters, a premise, perhaps a scene or two. <Life Expectancy,= one of his favorites, opens with a deranged, chain-smoking, aerialist-abhorring menacing clown named Beezo in a 1970s maternity waiting room. <I give the characters free will,= he says. <The novel becomes organic and unpredictable and much more interesting to me.= When Koontz first discovered John D. macDonald, who remains among his favorite authors, he devoured 34 books in 30 days. Koontz doesn9t dwell on his ability to conjure up fresh stories. <I9m always afraid that if I think about it too much, it will all stop,= he says. Tribble Wells writes, in an email: <Dean is a rarity among writers: I9ve never known him to have writer9s block.= Also, Koontz says, <I don9t know who I9d be if I wasn9t writing.= It9s the road map. He craves structure. He and Gerda, who have no children, live in a gob-smacking home graced with a vast collection of art deco painting and furniture, Chinese art (mostly from the Han, Sung and Tang dynasties), Japanese sculptures and screens from the meiji period, and 10 canvases by contemporary painter Kenton Nelson, his style reminiscent of WPA social realism. This house is a serious downsize from their previous 29,000-square-foot estate in Newport Beach, Calif., which took 10 years and three different architects to construct. He refers to the environment the couple has created as <Koontzland.= The Irvine house is maintained by a staff of five: three housekeepers, a house manager and an assistant house manager. The garage, like everything else, is immaculate, regularly painted to remove all nicks and smudges. There9s a spa, sauna and steam shower that he never uses, <but it relaxes me to look at it.= Koontz had the indoor pool (there9s an outdoor one as well) removed to create a custom wood-paneled, exquisitely lit, Architectural Digest-worthy athenaeum for his collection of 20,000 books by other authors, mostly first editions. It was renovated in seven months during the pandemic, at substantial cost, with the exquisite custom cabinetry found throughout the home. He removed the gym to house a second library with nearly 9,000 unique editions of his own novels. This is Koontz9s temporary home. We take a brief drive in his Lincoln up the road in the same gated compound to visit the other house, where a fleet of tradespeople are working. The interior and exterior have been stripped to the studs. What is wrong with his current home? <flow.= Also, not enough yard for Elsa. They hope to have the renovation completed in two years, perhaps sooner. <His other art, along with writing, is crafting these structures like stories. It9s a very similar impulse,= Pine says. <The world of writing, and of design, along with Gerda and the dogs, are what really give him joy and focus him. for someone who doesn9t want to leave, you might as well build a place that you don9t want to leave.= It is an understatement to call Koontz and Gerda dog owners. His dust-jacket photos invariably include a photo of his dog. His books feature them. His author bio notes that he lives with Elsa and <the enduring spirits of their goldens Trixie and Anna.= Commemorative plaques for both golden retrievers are featured in a backyard meditation area, not unlike Graceland. The urns containing their cremains reside on a fireplace mantle in the couple9s bedroom. Koontz and Gerda hope that, when their time comes, their ashes will be buried with them. The couple eats out regularly, patronizing only restaurants that allow dogs, and where Elsa is greeted like a rock star. In 2009, Koontz published <A Big Little Life,= about Trixie. Like many dog memoirs, it is also a memoir of its author, a vessel for his life story. Koontz shares plenty in that book. That he irons his underwear. That he isn9t particularly fond of most other writers; <I found this community as a whole to be solipsistic and narcissistic and irrational.= That the experiences of getting his books adapted to the screen have been mostly unrewarding, <because they9re all blithering idiots in Hollywood.= That editors doubted his ability to be a best-selling author. That he repeatedly proved them wrong. That he lived in a house without an indoor bathroom until age 11. That his father was a difficult, violent, womanizing alcoholic, holding 34 jobs in 44 years. That life, despite his desire to search for goodness, can be punishing and unfair given that his mother, <a wonderful person,= died at age 53 while his father, <who never met a vice he didn9t like,= lived three decades longer. over a languorous lunch, Koontz shares more, including the time that his father pulled a knife on him when the writer was in his 40s. <A mess of a person,= Koontz says, <I took care of him financially but wouldn9t let him live with us= for the final 14 years of his life. Koontz remains amazed that his life turned out as well as it did. <I was the son of the town drunk. Where did the storytelling come from?= A gift. He remains an optimist. In his books, good invariably triumphs. He says, <It9s been my life experience, and it9s the way I want life to be.= Koontz designed a better, bigger life than his childhood suggested. He wrote himself a better story. more than 110 of them. Karen Heller is a national features writer for The Washington Post.

B8 eZ ee the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 Book World BY RON CHARLES 8Rejoice now at this happy news.= Three years after it closed for an $80.5 million renovation, the Folger Shakespeare Library on Capitol Hill has finally set a firm date for its reopening: Nov. 17. I can9t emphasize how exciting this will be for residents in the Washington area and lovers of the Bard everywhere. The Folger has been extensively redesigned to make the world9s largest Shakespeare collection more accessible and more interactive for people of all ages and all levels of knowledge. Among the new features will be an exhibit that displays the library9s unparalleled collection of First Folios 4 82 of them. It sounds like the Folger has been reconD.C.9s Folger Shakespeare Library to ûnally reopen after three years ceived both to preserve its treasures for scholars and to demonstrate its connections to a new age. Dusty reverence has been brushed aside for vigorous relevance. Two new halls will provide space for rare books and manuscripts; a learning lab for expanded classes, workshops and readings; and a replica of a 17th-century printing press that visitors can try out. Guests will also find a cafe and gardens filled with native plants and plants mentioned by Shakespeare. (Locals, don9t worry: The magnolia tree planted when the Folger opened in 1932 has been safely preserved.) And, of course, live performances will return to the Folger9s remarkable replica of an Elizabethan theater, where I9ve seen so many fantastic Shakespeare performances. Programming and Artistic Director Karen Ann Daniels announced that the theater will begin in late October with a production of Shakespeare9s <The Winter9s Tale.= The season will also include <Where We Belong,= by Madeline Sayet, and <Metamorphoses,= by Mary Zimmerman. A black-tie fundraiser in the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library had raised $440,000, a record for the Folger9s annual gala. Over the next few months, staff members will be moving the library9s invaluable treasures from several undisclosed locations back to the renovated building. We9ll have much more information to share as the reopening grows closer. Entrance will be by timed tickets, so if you9re hoping to include a trip to the Folger in your holiday plans, keep your eye on the library9s website. Can9t make it to Washington? Buy your own First Folio. Rare bookseller Peter Harrington in London is offering a fine copy of the most important book in Western literature for just $7.5 million. But hurry. According to a spokesperson for Harrington, a buyer for this First Folio has already expressed interest. this article was excerpted from our free Book Club newsletter. to subscribe, visit wapo.st/ booknewsletter. kIerANtIMBerLAke/oLIN A rendering of the remodeled Folger Shakespeare Library. BY DAN DIAMOND T hree years into the pandemic, America has reached 4 at best 4 an uneasy stalemate with covid: more than 1 million deaths, an exhausted healthcare workforce and a backlash that weakened public health officials9 power to fight the next outbreak. And while most people have moved on, the virus remains on pace to be a top-10 cause of death again this year. Breaking through this miasma comes <Lessons From the Covid War: An Investigative Report,= from 34 experts promising a <dispassionate guide= to the increasingly overheated arguments about the pandemic. The brisk analysis, published by PublicAffairs on April 25, explores America9s myriad failures responding to the current outbreak and what it must do to prepare for the next one. One quality that separates this book from dozens of other pandemic works is its unusual origin: Its authors first assembled two years ago, anticipating that Congress or the president would empower a 9/11-style commission to probe the virus response. But the call never came, and the experts instead pivoted to this report, which offers lucid insights into how the United States relied on a creaky and fragmented public health infrastructure to combat the virus 4 limitations that transcended any single administration or agency. The book also synthesizes existing Trump-era memoirs and draws on the expertise of its co-authors, known as <the covid crisis group,= who include physicians, epidemiologists and former senior government officials. Philip Zelikow, former executive director of the 9/11 Commission, oversaw the effort. The goal was <to provide a sketch of the overall crisis,= Zelikow, a University of Virginia history professor, said in a recent interview. Zelikow described how the book9s experts split into groups to tackle major issues, ranging from breakdowns in the domestic response, to the challenges with global vaccine distribution and rollout. In its effort to be nonpartisan, the group often waves away the unique chaos and mistakes by President Donald Trump and his deputies that hamstrung the United States in the first year of the crisis. And with no subpoena power or congressional staff behind them, Experts trace failures of U.S. covid response This brisk analysis by a group first assembled two years ago sheds light on the nation9s shaky public health system the book falls short of the authors9 ambitions. <We cannot offer the kind of exhaustive investigative report that a Covid commission might have produced,= the authors acknowledge upfront. What <Lessons From the Covid War= does do is trace the root causes of America9s pandemic dysfunction, such as how the rise of local health departments to fight cholera in the 1800s helped create a disorganized system that persists to this day 4 and is desperately in need of streamlining, strengthening and centralized leadership. <The United States faced a twenty-first-century challenge with a system designed for nineteenth-century threats,= the authors conclude. The book takes repeated aim at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for its academic culture, which the experts say contributed to the agency9s slow decisions on school reopening guidance and warnings about the virus9s spread. <The CDC had some of the most technically gifted experts in the world. Yet the culture of the organization, emphasizing certainty before action, resulted in paralysis= on whether to warn about the spread of covid by aerosolized particles, the authors write, criticizing the agency9s too-late acknowledgment, for instance, that the virus could travel far longer distances than six feet. The book also cuts through partisan grandstanding to offer some fresh perspectives. For instance, a March 2020 effort led by thenWhite House senior adviser Jared Kushner to secure emergency supplies 4 widely mocked in the media and by Democrats 4 <plainly offered some help,= the covid crisis group acknowledges, although with the caveat that Kushner9s involvement <added confusion= to the crowded and often chaotic government effort. In seeking to rise above politics, however, the book goes too far to minimize Trump9s role 4 reducing him to a <comorbidity= in America9s pandemic response 4 despite acknowledging his own numerous mistakes, from constructing a team riven by internal feuds, to his repeated decisions to put politics ahead of public health. For instance, Trump9s loud and visible resistance to masking sent a signal that politicized the issue of face coverings and hampered local responses. <In the face of public opposition from the leader of their own party, it was very difficult for state and local Republican officials to require masks,= the authors write about the breakdown of protective measures. On another page, they describe the Trump administration9s failure to organize coronavirus testing in workplaces and schools, which fueled anxiety about reopenings and led to missed diagnoses and viral spread. <What was missing was a strong, clear, written articulation of a national strategy for how to use antigen or PCR tests for workplaces and schools . . . it should have been ready by the fall of 2020,= the authors write. <The Biden administration finally designed such a comprehensive program, which it deployed in the first months of 2022.= The book also excuses Trump officials9 decision to ignore a <pandemic playbook= left by the Obama administration 4 a decision guide that instructed officials to begin ordering personal protective equipment and making other preparations for an outbreak once certain conditions were met. While those conditions were triggered in January 2020, Trump9s government <did not start really trying to mobilize fully until about two months later, and even then in a haphazard way,= the authors write. <Lessons from the Covid War= sidesteps some other issues. The book devotes just two pages to a section on <the rise of misinformation and disinformation,= which many experts tie to widespread loss of confidence in vaccines, treatments and protective measures. That fallout goes beyond the response just to covid: The Pan American Health Organization warned last month that the risk of preventable disease outbreaks in the Americas has reached a 30- year high because of lack of vaccine uptake, partly due to misinformation spread during the pandemic. Among the book9s strengths are its expert contributors: Michael Callahan and James Lawler, infectious-disease physicians who deployed to the virus-stricken Diamond Princess cruise ship in the earliest days of the crisis; John Barry, who wrote the history of the 1918 flu outbreak that Trump officials nervously studied as covid cases began to soar; Charity Dean, the former California public health official who became a protagonist of another pandemic-era book, <The Premonition,= by Michael Lewis. But a book billed as the most comprehensive look yet at the pandemic response feels, definitionally, like only a partial retelling of the fight against a virus that continues to kill hundreds of Americans daily. There9s no resolution on the origins of SARS-CoV-2. There9s no blockbuster exposé waiting in its narrative, in large part because it relies on others9 reporting and memoirs. Framed as a retelling of <the Covid War,= the book also makes scores of analogies between military conflicts and the medical response to the pandemic 4 comparisons that sometimes seem tortured and that its authors acknowledge may not ring true to the <combatants= on the <covid frontline battlefields.= And it inadvertently illustrates what might have been learned with the broad powers of a government-backed commission. The 9/11 Commission 4 focused on tracing the events that led to that tragic day 4 interviewed more than 1,200 people, including key officials like Secretary of State Colin Powell, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld and CIA Director George Tenet, who sat for interviews under oath. There were a dozen public hearings. While those authors acknowledged the 9/11 Commission faced setbacks and roadblocks, the report9s scope and scoops helped it have immediate and long-lasting impact. The covid crisis group 4 trying to tackle the systemic breakdowns that pushed American casualties so high 4 held listening sessions with about 300 people. But numerous key officials across both the Trump and Biden administrations did not sit for interviews, including many who told The Washington Post that they weren9t contacted. The notable omissions include Trump Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar and Vice President Mike Pence, who took turns leading the White House coronavirus task force in 2020; Deborah Birx and Jeff Zients, who served as the nation9s first two covid coordinators; and more than a dozen other officials who helped set up key efforts, such as Trump9s Operation Warp Speed vaccine accelerator and Biden9s vaccine-focused response. While that means the covid book lacks some sweep, it arrives as officials are being exhorted to patch the health system9s holes. The Government Accountability Office, a nonpartisan watchdog, reiterated on April 20 that the Health and Human Services department remains on its <high-risk= list for its potential to botch the next crisis. The agency <must improve its leadership and coordination of public health emergencies to save lives, mitigate severe economic impacts, and prepare the nation to respond,= GAO warned. <Lessons From the Covid War= offers some advice on where those federal health leaders might focus. It suggests HHS install a new <undersecretary for health security= who would oversee CDC and other relevant offices, to <orchestrate real strategies to contain an outbreak and design, produce, distribute, and deploy the tool kits of countermeasures to help communities defend themselves.= It reiterates calls for better data systems, faster vaccine manufacturing and other investments that would speed future virus responses. But amid the covid exhaustion of those health leaders, and of the public, it9s not clear whether the book9s calls will be heeded. Meanwhile, the story of this pandemic has still not been fully told 4 and with no signs of a government-sanctioned covid commission, it may never be. dan diamond is a national health reporter for the Washington Post. MAtt MCCLAIN/the WAshINGtoN Post FROM TOP: White flags near the Washington Monument as part of a covid-19 memorial in October 2021. Then-President Donald Trump prepares to speak at the White House on Oct. 10, 2020. JABIN Botsford/the WAshINGtoN Post Lessons FRom the CovId WAR An Investigative Report By the Covid Crisis Group PublicAffairs. 352 pp. $18.99

KLMNO METRO sunday, may 7, 2023 eZ re C JOhn Kelly9s WashingtOn Porpoise land brought a pair of dolphins inland to D.C. for an entertaining, if brief, stint in the 1960s. C3 Maryland Amateurs and masters of object manipulation gather at U-md. for the Congress of Jugglers. C3 Obituaries newton n. minow, 97, revived the FCC and was later a legal mentor to 59 barack obama. C7 ° 71° 75° 69° 8 a.m. noon 4 p.m. 8 p.m. high today at approx. 3 p.m. 77° Precip: 55% Wind: s 7-14 mph BY SYDNEY PAGE Amy Corbett was in a Zoom meeting when she spotted something strange in her own background. The black-and-white painting of a map that normally hung above her couch was no longer there. Instead, it had been replaced with a painting of an airplane propeller she had never seen before. <It freaked me out,= said Corbett, who is an Airbnb host, and had rented her apartment in Lynchburg, Va., in mid-April. Could her guest have hung a different painting in place of her map? Perplexed by the situation, Corbett scoured the apartment in search of the original map painting, but it was nowhere to be found. she sent her guest a message through the Airbnb platform, inquiring about what happened. He did not reply. <I just couldn9t believe this,= said Corbett, a mom of two, who runs All Belong Co, a short-term property rental company, with her husband. <It was bizarre.= she does not live in the apartment, but she and her family live nearby, and when it9s not rented, she sometimes uses it for Zoom meetings and other purposes. Although the map painting wasn9t pricey or particularly sentimental, Corbett said, she still see AiRBNB ON c2 Host, internet rally for good after theft by 8Airbnb bandit9 BY ANTONIO OLIVO AND TEO ARMUS Northern Virginia9s local election races are in full gear, with early voting having started Friday in party nomination contests where candidates are battling over how to address the need for affordable housing, the climate crisis and a surge of data-center development in the exurbs. The region is still dealing with the economic fallout of the coronavirus pandemic, with many residents experiencing a higher cost of living as salaries remain mostly stagnant. Meanwhile, local roads are more congested, school classrooms are overcrowded and continuing development in some exurban areas has whittled away what used to be scenic farmland. And in increasingly expensive communities inside the Beltway, residents have clashed over efforts that would add duplexes and townhouses and increase the population density of neighborhoods once set aside for single-family houses. The resulting frustrations are driving some of the challenges in the June 20 primary to incumbent county supervisors who are being blamed for those problems, and the same dynamic is animating races for open seats. Arlington county A competitive primary for one seat on the Arlington County Board is unusual, let alone competitive contests for two seats. But this year, six candidates are vying for two spots on the Democratic ticket in a tight race that see electioNS ON c6 Voting in local races kicks off in N. Virginia A fix for 8missing middle9 housing proves divisive, launches candidacies The slow chokehold on the nation9s unhoused people Watching a person be killed on video differs in a crucial way from hearing about it. That view forces us to look simultaneously outward and inward. It forces us to bear witness with our eyes and consider with our minds what action we would have taken in that moment if we had been standing there, able to do more than just watch. By now, you have probably seen the video that shows the final moments of Jordan Neely9s life in a New York City subway, and if you haven9t, then you have no doubt heard about it. What that video doesn9t show: Neely was a Michael Jackson impersonator who entertained people with his impressive dance moves, until he couldn9t. He was someone who was able to tuck away a horrific childhood trauma and make strangers smile, until he couldn9t. The 30-year-old was experiencing homelessness and mental illness, and on Monday, in the moments before he was killed, he reportedly shouted on the train that he was hungry, thirsty and tired of having nothing. He then reportedly threw his coat on the floor and talked about not caring if he went to jail. What that video does show: see vARgAS ON c5 theresa Vargas miChAel s. WilliAmson/the WAshington Post An encampment in d.c.9s McPherson Square in February before it was cleared by the National Park Service. Photos by mAtt mCClAin/the WAshington Post Steeplechasing at the Virgina Gold Cup Rampoldi Plan, ridden by Jack Doyle, leaps over a water jump during the Virginia Equine Alliance Maiden Hurdle race, while Gabi Smith, left, gathers with others for a hat contest at the Virginia Gold Cup Races at Great Meadow on Saturday in The Plains, Va. BY SPENCER S. HSU U.s. prosecutors on Friday asked a federal judge to sentence Oath Keepers founder and leader stewart Rhodes to 25 years in prison and eight of his followers to at least 10 years behind bars starting later this month, in the first punishments to be handed down to far-right extremist group members convicted of seditious conspiracy in the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.s. Capitol. <No January 6 case sentenced to date is comparable to the scope and magnitude of these defendants9 convictions and conduct,= Assistant U.s. Attorney Jeffrey s. Nestler wrote for a prosecution team, asking U.s. District Judge Amit P. Mehta to apply <swift and severe= punishment, including an enhanced terrorism penalty, for the Oath Keepers9 actions that were intended to intimidate or coerce the government. Rhodes, a top deputy and four others were found guilty at trials in November and January of plotting to unleash political violence see RhodeS ON c4 U.S. seeks 25 years in prison for Oath Keepers founder AAron DAvis/the WAshington Post Stewart Rhodes was found guilty of plotting to unleash political violence to prevent the inauguration of President Biden. BY RACHEL WEINER A man who attacked police officers defending the U.s. Capitol with their own chemical spray on Jan. 6, 2021, has been sentenced to more than 14 years in prison, the longest sentence yet for anyone convicted of participating in the violent pro-Trump riot. <You were at the front of the line,= Judge Amit P. Mehta said in sentencing Peter schwartz, 49, of Uniontown, Pa., to 170 months behind bars. <You were a soldier against democracy.= schwartz was convicted by a jury in December of four felony counts of assault on law enforcement, obstructing the vote count and related charges. Along with repeatedly turning pepper spray on police, schwartz threw a metal chair at officers facing the mob at the mouth of a tunnel into the Capitol, causing their line to break. And he joined that mob as it pushed against the police, crushing one officer in a doorway. He later bragged to friends that he <started a riot= by <throwing the first chair= and <stole= see SeNteNce ON c4 Man who attacked police gets stiffest sentence so far for a Jan. 6 rioter rhodes and 4 others to be sentenced First punishments for sedition in Capitol breach

C2 eZ re the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 commuter BY JUSTIN GEORGE metro for the second time in six weeks is increasing train frequencies on the red Line, shortening wait times to the lowest they have been in more than three years as the agency looks to alleviate midweek crowding. Beginning monday, red Line trains will arrive every six minutes during weekday morning and afternoon rush hours 4 a two- to four-minute improvement over the last red Line service increase in mid-march. The improvements will come one day after the Yellow Line reopens for service Sunday following an eightmonth shutdown for a bridge and tunnel reconstruction project. on the red Line, trains between Union Station and metro Center in the District have been carrying full cars of between 90 and 150 passengers during traditional workday hours Tuesday through Thursday, metro officials said. Peak periods for increased trains will stretch between 6 a.m. and 9 a.m. and between 3 p.m. and 7 p.m. during workdays. outside of those hours, trains will arrive every eight minutes until 9:30 p.m., when frequencies will drop to every 10 minutes. <We are looking at every opportunity to make our service even better for customers with more frequent, safe and reliable options,= metro General manager randy Clarke said in a statement. While the Yellow Line is making its return Sunday, service won9t look the same as before. Trains will run between the mount Vernon Square station in the District and the Huntington station in Virginia, removing the nine northernmost stations from service. Those stations will still be served by the Green Line. metro officials said they are reducing the line9s service area because of a train shortage. The Yellow Line will run every eight minutes from 6 a.m. until 9 p.m. on weekdays and every 12 minutes during other times, a frequency that is 60 percent faster than before the closure, transit officials said. In June, service will improve to every eight minutes at all times, according to metro. The $384 million bridge and tunnel reconstruction project began in September and involved replacing more than 1,000 steel plates lining a tunnel near L9Enfant Plaza that had been experiencing leaks. Workers also replaced 88 bearings, a fire suppression system and communications cables on the 3,000-foot bridge the Yellow Line uses to cross the Potomac river. Both the tunnel and bridge were built in the 1970s and were due for extensive repair work that transit officials said should keep both in good shape for decades. Transit officials said metrorail ridership is continuing to grow as the agency increases service. Last month, weekday ridership averaged 324,500 trips a day, a pandemic record. Even at that level, ridership is at about half of pre-pandemic levels because of increased telework that has reduced the need for commuting. The service increases come as metro is phasing more trains back to service after the agency9s 7000- series rail cars were suspended in fall 2021, creating a train shortage that lasted about a year. The series, which makes up 60 percent of metro9s fleet, was suspended after a federal derailment investigation found a wheel defect affecting several of the series9 cars. metro9s regulator has allowed the transit agency to put the cars back into service since last summer as long as the cars9 wheels are inspected regularly. Since July, metro said it has slowly increased the number of trains in daily passenger service by 55 percent. the Region Metro boosts frequency of Red Line during rush hours wanted to get to the bottom of what happened. She decided to post about it on TikTok. Even though she only had about 60 followers, Corbett hoped some people might offer useful clues. To her surprise, the video quickly went viral, amassing thousands of comments from strangers, many of whom had their own theories about what happened. The guest was swiftly nicknamed <the Airbnb bandit.= Corbett declined to identify the guest by his full name. The Washington Post could not locate him for comment. <They probably broke it and replaced it,= one person wrote. <Could be an HGTV undercover project,= another chimed in. <maybe he9s the next Banksy,= someone said. Dozens of people also wrote that they prefer the new painting over the original, and others accused Corbett of making up the story. <Honestly, I feel like you should thank them,= someone wrote. <That awesome painting gives the room a pretty nice facelift.= A few commenters claimed the same thing happened to them, and a bunch said the plane propeller painting had been stolen from another Airbnb. Still, despite the many hypotheses that poured in, none panned out. more information was uncovered after Corbett checked her surveillance footage. An outdoor camera captured a man carrying the new painting 4 five minutes before checkout time, 11 a.m. 4 from his car and into the apartment. Then, wearing a different sweatshirt, he is seen carrying another large item (seemingly the same size as the map painting) under a blanket and into his car. Corbett shared a TikTok video with the updates. People were eager to get to the bottom of it. <I knew it was more than just me who wanted to know,= she said. <We all wanted to know.= more comments kept coming: <I9m dying to hear a conclusion to the story,= one person wrote. Corbett decided to debunk some of the theories that people came up with, including that the guest is a covert artist and created a customized painting specifically for the apartment. <It9s a canvas painting. You can find it all over the web,= Corbett said in a TikTok video. It costs about $100. To those who argued that the guest must have damaged the wall behind the painting, Corbett said: <No, it9s pristine.= In fact, apart from her missing art work, she said, he left the apartment in good condition. She also explained that she conAirbnb from C1 Airbnb host encounters 8bizarre9 guest theft <We started getting ideas of how we could do that.= Corbett has commissioned a local artist to paint a new piece for above the couch, depicting the view of the James river from the apartment. <It9s such a cool upgrade to support a local artist instead of just a big box store,= Corbett said. <It9s going to be something nicer, something handmade.= She also decided to host a raffle for the propeller painting, and after the winner was drawn on may 1, all proceeds were donated to rush Homes, a nonprofit that addresses housing instability in Lynchburg. raffle tickets were $2 each, and nearly $1,500 was collected from people across the country. <We are small, so every dollar that comes to us is important and makes a big difference,= said Kate Goodman, the director of development and marketing at rush Homes. <Not only did people buy tickets, but a number of people made donations in excess of the ticket price,= said Goodman, adding that the funds will go toward the organization9s eviction prevention program. <It really is a big deal for us, and the visibility that it got for us in our local community will be valuable for sure.= Although the full story behind the Airbnb artwork heist remains a mystery, Corbett said she is happy with the outcome. <It blew me away that out of this, we were able to do something good for humanity,= she said. tacted the guest9s previous Airbnb hosts and inquired about his behavior, surmising that perhaps he is swapping out the paintings at each place he stays. Although he did cause damage at one previous Airbnb, a host said, two hosts confirmed he did not steal or replace any artwork. Considering she wasn9t getting answers from the guest, and she decided against reporting the situation to police, Corbett filed a claim with Airbnb. She sent in the documentation of the incident. Although the guest never directly answered Corbett9s initial question about where her map painting went, he did eventually reply to her message, saying: <Why are you making a claim about your artwork?= They have had no further communication since. Airbnb then mediated the situation. In the end, the guest paid her $25, Corbett said, and the company compensated her an additional $100 for the map painting that she bought about five years ago. <Art is covered in our AirCover policy and this Host was supported through that process,= Airbnb wrote in a statement to The Washington Post. <We have removed this guest for violating our policies.= Corbett was satisfied with the resolution, particularly because the guest was removed from Airbnb. But she wasn9t sure what to do with the propeller painting 4 she definitely did not want it on her wall. <We needed to turn a negative story into a positive one,= she said. Courtesy of Ashlee Glen Courtesy of Amy Corbett Courtesy of Amy Corbett Amy Corbett was in a Zoom meeting when she noticed a painting of a map, above, in her rental property had been replaced by one of a plane propeller, left. Surveillance footage showed a recent guest carrying a large item, presumably the art, to his car.

sunday, may 7, 2023 . the washington post eZ Re c3 Recently, I obtained a post card I would like to know more about. It shows Porpoise Land, on K Street NW. Washington seems like an odd location for such a place, no? What happened to Porpoise Land? 4 Michael Sarisohn, Germantown <Porpoise= and <land= don9t really go together, do they? A set of concrete pools a few blocks off North Capitol Street does not seem the most salubrious home for them. But when it came to animals, the 1960s were a different time. You basically couldn9t have a children9s TV show back then unless it featured a chimpanzee dressed in a tuxedo. Porpoise Land opened on the north side of K Street NW between Fourth and Fifth on March 31, 1968, and appears to have existed for just two years. It was overseen by a dolphin trainer named Don Klute, who fell into the dolphin biz while working as a stuntman in Florida. He9d been filming a TV western across the street from a dolphin show. <I spent all my spare time there and finally talked them into giving me a job,= Klute told a reporter from the Evening Star in 1969. At Porpoise Land, Klute and his wife, Marion, presented five 45-minute shows a day 4 six a day on weekends 4 with two bottlenose dolphins: Skipper and Dolly. The dolphins 4 not porpoises; that9s a different species 4 jumped through hoops, <danced= in hula skirts and tossed basketballs into nets. Other attractions included a trained seal named Sharkey, a dancing chicken and a piano-playing duck. Tickets were $1.25 for adults, 75 cents for children. There was grandstand seating for 800. The Klutes may have been the District show9s human faces, but the magnate behind the operation was Ralph Quinlan, a self-made millionaire with an only-in-America backstory. By 1968, his Quinlan Marine Attractions was supplying dozens of trained dolphins 4 all of them named Dolly or Skipper 4 to venues around the country, from the Portland (Ore.) Zoo to Six Flags Over Texas. Quinlan was born Ralph Isaac in North Carolina. When he was 15, he ran away to New York City, said his son Steven Quinlan. There, he painted car fenders, saved his money and honed his roller-skating skills, entering show business as a professional roller-skater. Quinlan got into animals when he and this then-wife added a chimp named Zippy to their circus-style act. (Zippy would go on to be cast as Cheeta in at least one Tarzan movie.) A chimp was fine, but dolphins, Quinlan reasoned, were better. His son said that when Ralph was in the Navy in World War II, he was blown from a ship and spent two days in the sea awaiting rescue. A trio of dolphins kept him company the whole time. In 1962, Quinlan decided to train dolphins for marine shows, using wild dolphins caught off the coast of Florida. A few years later, Quinlan purchased 100 acres in Lincolnton, N.C., near Charlotte and built what Steven said was the first inland water park. There he trained dolphins and dolphin trainers, dispatching them to amusement parks across the country. <He taught SeaWorld how to do it,= Steven said. Washington9s Porpoise Land lasted only two years. It couldn9t have helped that riots that followed the assassination of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. rocked the city less than a week after the attraction opened. Meanwhile, public sentiment and laws were changing. Captive dolphins in urban pools struck some people as sad. In 1972, President Richard M. Nixon signed the Marine Mammal Protection Act, offering some safeguards to wild creatures. Quinlan called critics of his shows <humaniacs.= In 1976, he groused to a reporter from Charlotte magazine: <They say we punish the dolphins, beat them and stuff like that. Hell, if you ever beat a dolphin, even once, he9d retreat to a corner and starve himself to death. Damn it, a dolphin is a born showman. He thrives on performing. That9s why dolphin acts are the most popular animal act in the whole world. People recognize the dolphin9s joy in performing.= That9s not how people at the National Aquarium in Baltimore think of them today. <I9ll say the animals in our care are not performers,= said Stephanie Allard, the aquarium9s senior vice president and chief animal welfare officer. <We are entrusted with their well-being. We put their needs first. Programs like what apparently took place at that time, those are primarily about human entertainment.= There are no dolphin shows at the National Aquarium, Allard said. Rather, visitors can observe aquarium training staff interacting with its six bottlenose dolphins. <That might be the trainer asking the dolphin to do things like open its mouth to check its teeth,= Allard said. <It may be asking it to move from one place to another to make sure it9s swimming properly.= Animals like Zippy, Skipper and Dolly allowed the entrepreneurial Quinlan to branch out into other businesses. He owned a fleet of aircraft that ran cargo for FedEx, and he founded a commuter airline, Sunbird. In 1983, Ralph Quinlan, the dolphin king, sold his 40 dolphins. Half went to SeaWorld and half to Busch Gardens. Quinlan died in 2004. The property where his dolphins were trained is now a residential housing development called Quinlan Estates. It is far from the sea, but its logo is a dolphin. Dolphins once swam in downtown Washington 4 and across the country John Kelly's Washington emiL a. pReSS SLiDe coLLecTion/KipLingeR ReSeaRcH LibRaRy/Dc HiSToRy Porpoise Land opened in 1968 on K Street NW between Fourth and Fifth streets in Washington, with daily shows involving two dolphins (not porpoises), Skipper and Dolly. It closed after only two years. police said Friday. At around 2:05 p.m. on Wednesday, officers responded to the 6100 block of 42nd Avenue in Hyattsville to assist Prince George9s County firefighters who were on scene of an apartment fire, Prince George9s County police said in a statement. They found 56-year-old Roger Neal dead in an apartment. It was later determined that he died of a gunshot wound, the statement said. On Friday, police said Marcell Billups of Lanham was charged with first- and second-degree murder, arson and related charges after he shot Neal during an argument before setting fire to the residence. The two men knew each other, according to police. Billups is in custody in D.C. awaiting extradition to Maryland, police said. An attorney for Billups could not be determined. 4 Justin Wm. Moyer Police charge man in Silver Spring killing A Maryland man was charged with first-degree murder and home invasion after the killing of another man last month, police said Friday. Around 3:20 a.m. on April 9, police went to the 11800 block of Old Columbia Pike in Silver Spring and found 20-year-old Carlos Rashard Carter with trauma to the body, Montgomery County police said in a news release at the time. Carter was taken to a hospital, where he was pronounced dead. On Thursday, 20-year-old Kaleab Abebe Berhanu of Baltimore was arrested and charged with first-degree murder, home invasion and firearm violations in Carter9s killing, police said Friday. Court records did not list the name of a lawyer representing Berhanu. 4 Justin Wm. Moyer tHe district Biden to give keynote speech at Howard President Biden will deliver the commencement address for the Class of 2023 at Howard University and the Air Force Academy, the White House announced Saturday. Biden will give the keynote address at Howard, the historically Black university in the District that is Vice President Harris9s alma mater, on May 13. 4 Danielle Douglas-Gabriel Maryland Trooper charged with assault, sex offense A Maryland state police trooper was arrested and charged with assault and a sex offense, authorities said Saturday. At around 4 a.m., Trooper First Class Ryan Bandy, a member of the Maryland State Police for nearly 10 years, was arrested, Anne Arundel County police said in a statement. Bandy was most recently assigned to the Westminster Barrack. Bandy was charged with false imprisonment, second-degree assault and a fourth-degree sex offense, the statement said. He was suspended with pay and released on his own recognizance, according to the statement. Efforts to reach Bandy were unsuccessful. Maryland State Police internal affairs is handling the investigation, county police said. 4 Justin Wm. Moyer Man charged with murder, arson A 40-year-old Maryland man was charged with first-degree murder after the fatal shooting of another man on Wednesday, local digest said Mikey Manoguerra, 37, traveling in for the convention from the Philadelphia area. Children roamed about the gym, playing along, and teaching new skills too. Ioan Peev, 14, joined 77-yearold Bob Swaim, a retired math teacher, on his side-by-side bike, where Swaim drove and Peev juggled five balls while pedaling. Liam Klass, 14, an eighth-grader who traveled with his family from West Virginia, specializes in yo-yoing, holding the title of first place in the amateur division of this year9s Virginia State yo-yo competition. At Saturday9s event, Klass taught John Chase, a high school math teacher, how to <split the atom,= wrapping the string around the yo-yo and spinning it around your fingers. Many attendees remembered exactly how they learned to juggle: a college professor who required it for class credit, an episode of Sesame Street or a school play. Brendan Diamond, 39, brought his 11-year-old son, Eamon, and 5-year-old daughter, Saoirse, to the convention from Columbia, Md. It was the family9s first time. Eamon already knows Diabolo, Diamond9s specialty, and Saoirse is learning how to juggle with one club. <It9s way more exciting for them to see other people doing things. It motivates them to try, and see people fail, and try again,= Diamond said of the Congress of Jugglers. <They can teach tricks to older people too.= BY JASMINE HILTON The 11-year-old girl, dressed in light pink with her hair in a ponytail, watched as her father explained how to juggle the soft, dark blue balls in his hands. <Throw, throw,= said John Chase, 38, of Rockville as he popped one ball into the air, then another inside a University of Maryland gymnasium. <Catch, catch,= he said as he caught them. His daughter, Ruthie, has been going to the Congress of Jugglers, an annual convention of jugglers in the D.C. and Maryland region, since she was an infant, Chase said. Now, she9s learning the skill from her juggling parents. Her mother, Kelly Chase, 40, practiced the Diabolo, or Chinese yoyo, next to her, revving up the plastic hourglass figure on a string. <It9s fun to pass along the joy,= said John Chase, who got into juggling as a high-schooler. <It9s a really wonderful and positive community to be a part of.= On Saturday afternoon, nearly 50 amateurs and masters of object manipulation, including clubs, yo-yos and other items, descended to Ritchie Coliseum at the University of Maryland for the event, hosted by the UMD Juggling Club. The convention, which began Friday and ran through Sunday, is an opportunity for juggling connoisseurs to exchange skills, play games and reconnect with familiar faces from other conventions and festivals, said Brian Cherin, president of the UMD Juggling Club and a senior majoring in computer science. The day of open gym time culminates with a juggling talent show in the evening, and after, fire juggling. <It9s a great place to expose yourself to new skills and meet new people, network,= Cherin, 22, said. <It9s also great for our own university club members because they get to meet a much broader audience of people in the juggling field.= Throughout the gym, groups of two to three jugglers passed plastic and wood clubs between each other, tossing and catching the colorful objects in the air. Others taught beginners how to juggle three balls in a cascade pattern. In one contest, participants juggled quarters, and the person who didn9t drop any got to keep them all. <Like being in the zone for any athlete, being in that flow state is exactly what you want,= Eric Shibuya, 55, a professor from Fredricksburg, who juggled cup heads, a club with a ball that fits on its top. One appeal of juggling is problem-solving, breaking down the tricks and practicing to improve, Maryland And you think you9ve got a lot of balls in the air SaRaH L. VoiSin/THe WaSHingTon poST ABOVE: From left, Sean Tessier of Connecticut, Jill Carson of North Carolina and Cayce Ramey of Falls Church take part in the annual Congress of Jugglers on Saturday at Ritchie Coliseum in College Park, Md. LEFT: Bob Swaim of Pennsylvania rides a twoperson bike with Ioan Peev, of Ashburn. Peev juggled five balls while riding the bike. BELOW: John Chase of Rockville came to the event with his wife and three children. His oldest daughter attended when she was a couple of months old. U-Md. Juggling Club hosts event for juggling clubs (and other things) BIG COUPON THE BIG COUPON! BIG SAVING$! Your Place To Save - Every Day in Metro c a e y T n M a e v t e o u ery Yo l E MD License #130239 VA License #2705148799 THE AVERAGE DECK COSTS HE AVERAGE DECK COSTS $20,000! 20,000! 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c4 eZ sU the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 to prevent the inauguration of President Biden. Three co-defendants were acquitted of that count but convicted of obstructing Congress as it met to confirm the results of the 2020 election, among other crimes. Both top offenses are punishable by up to 20 years in prison, but prosecutors asked the court to stack sentences to exceed that total for rhodes and the oath Keepers9 florida leader Kelly meggs. Attorneys for rhodes are expected to file his own sentencing memo later. meggs asked for 28 months time served, emphasizing that he was peaceful and that there was no specific plan to enter the building. <No one person is responsible for the events of that day. And nor should mr. meggs be held accountable for the actions of thousands of rioters 4 some of whom, unlike mr. meggs, engaged in deplorable violence and caused the destruction of property,= meggs attorney Stanley Woodward wrote. In a 183-page government sentencing request covering all nine defendants, Nestler noted that rhoDeS from c1 Judge mehta has called it <one of the great tragedies in the history of this country= to see <ordinary, hardworking Americans= turn into criminals in the Jan. 6 attack and suffer the consequences. <These defendants are in part responsible for that national tragedy; they played significant roles in spreading doubt about the presidential election and turning others against the government,= the prosecutor wrote. rhodes <exploited his vast public influence= over the anti-government extremist movement and used his talents for manipulation to lead <more than twenty other American citizens into using force, intimidation, and violence to seek to impose their preferred result on a U.S. presidential election. This conduct created a grave risk to our democratic system of government,= Nestler wrote. rhodes and his co-defendants were the first accused of seditious conspiracy in the Capitol breach and the first to face trial and be convicted on any conspiracy charge in the massive Jan. 6 investigation, which has resulted in more than 1,000 arrests and more than 650 convictions so far. The total now includes 14 Proud Boys or oath Keepers members who have pleaded guilty to or been convicted of seditious conspiracy. most recently, four members of the Proud Boys, including former chairman Henry <Enrique= Tarrio, were convicted Thursday by a different jury in Washington of spurring a violent mob to overrun police and enter the building. rhodes and Tarrio are the highest-profile figures to face trial in connection with rioting by angry supporters of former president Donald Trump. rioters injured scores of officers, ransacked offices and forced lawmakers to evacuate. Prosecutors said rhodes and followers, dressed in combatstyle gear, converged on the Capitol after staging an <arsenal= of weapons at nearby hotels, ready to take up arms at rhodes9s direction. rhodes9s defense said he and co-defendants came to Washington as bodyguards for republican VIPs including roger Stone and a relative of Stop the Steal organizer Ali Alexander. The oath Keepers said they brought firearms only to help act as <peacekeepers= in case Trump met their demand to mobilize private militia to stop Biden from becoming president. After networks declared the election for Biden on Nov. 7, 2020, rhodes asked a <friends of Stone= chat group 4 including Stone, his former aide Tarrio, and others 4 <What9s the plan?= and shared a proposal for storming Congress. rhodes spurred followers with growing urgency over the ensuing two months to be ready for an <armed rebellion,= including in two open letters to Trump, as he organized members who came to Washington with firearms prepared for violence. rhodes was at the Capitol and did not enter. But he tapped meggs, an auto dealer manager, as florida state lead, and was in phone contact with him just before meggs led a single-file line of members in military-style tactical gear up the East Capitol steps, where they helped a crowd force entry to the building. <We are militia! We don9t have to play by their rules! We make the rules,= meggs wrote in oath Keepers chats, echoing rhodes. He also said he had <orchestrated a plan= with the Proud Boys, having met members of the group during an earlier violent proTrump protest in Washington. rhodes and co-defendants testified that those plans did not include entering the Capitol, describing it as a spur-of-the-moment decision made without consultation. But prosecutors said their words and actions demonstrated tacit agreement with an illegal plot proposed in public and private before Jan. 6 by rhodes, who warned repeatedly that <bloody civil war= was necessary to keep Trump in office if the election results were not overturned. Convicted of seditious conspiracy in addition to rhodes and meggs were roberto minuta, of Prosper, Tex.; Joseph Hackett, of Sarasota, fla.; David moerschel, of Punta Gorda, fla., and Edward Vallejo, of Phoenix. Convicted of other crimes were Kenneth Harrelson, a former Army sergeant from Titusville, fla., Jessica Watkins, another Army veteran and bar owner from Woodstock, ohio; and Thomas Caldwell, a retired Navy intelligence officer who stayed outside the building but hosted other defendants at his farm in Berryville, Va. meggs, Harrelson and Watkins were convicted of impeding lawmakers, and all were convicted of destroying evidence but Watkins, who was found guilty of a separate rioting count. Caldwell was the first defendant to submit his sentencing request to the court and noted he was not convicted of any conspiracy count. Caldwell9s defense asked for a sentence of time served 4 53 days of pandemic solitary confinement in jail and more than nine months9 home confinement 4 citing his 20 years of Navy service, lack of criminal history and declining health after his full service-related disability. <Caldwell is a physical wreck,= attorney David W. fischer wrote. <Caldwell9s conduct and behavior were more akin to a loud-mouth Walter mitty than the rambotype figure the government has portrayed him since his arrest.= The Justice Department arrested rhodes in January 2022 and Tarrio the following June after an internal debate over whether their actions in the Capitol attack merited bringing seldom-used seditious conspiracy charges, one of the gravest crimes that can be alleged against an American citizen in peacetime. The department ultimately chose to send a public message by charging the defendants with committing a wider attack on democracy. Rhodes, followers set to be sentenced for Jan. 6 insurrection officers9 chemical sprays <and used it on them!= Aquilino Gonell, a Capitol Police sergeant who took medical retirement because of the injuries he suffered in the riot, spoke at the sentencing about the moment he was hit with the pepper spray. <I couldn9t stop to wipe it down because of the chaos,= he recalled. In order to <differentiate the mob from the officers,= Gonell said, he had to take off his protective helmet. he said other officers were similarly made vulnerable and <had to retreat into the Capitol.= The judge said he also took into account Schwartz9s long criminal history 4 38 previous convictions, including at least 11 involving violence or threats of violence. At the time of the riot, Schwartz was on probation for domestic abuse and threatening domestic abuse. His wife was with him on Jan. 6, and in a radio interview after his trial Schwartz said his actions that day were in her defense. She pleaded guilty to assaulting officers with pepper spray and was sentenced to two years in prison. In sentencing papers she said she is in the process of divorcing him. Prosecutors had asked for 24 years in prison, a sentence that defense attorney Dennis Boyle argued <would give credence to all those who consider this a political prosecution.= mehta responded that it was Schwartz who was bolstering that false narrative by giving interviews in which he called the trial a <a sham, in the face of irrefutable video evidence.= Boyle said the true blame lay with Donald Trump and other <grifters= who convinced <disaffected= people such as Schwartz that the election was stolen. mehta responded that Schwartz was not feeling powerless on Jan. 6 but gleefully violent, <a warrior.= Sentence from c1 Rioter who attacked police gets sentenced aP U.s. attorney's offiCe for Washington' Images from the Justice Department's sentencing memo in the case of Peter Schwartz, who received the longest sentence so far issued to a Jan. 6 rioter, and is identified with a circle. Schwartz pepper-sprayed police and threw a metal chair at officers. And mehta faulted Schwartz for spreading his own lies in claiming he was targeted for being a Christian conservative. <You can go on these podcasts and claim to be a victim of a political prosecution,= mehta said. <You are not a political prisoner. You9re not somebody who is standing up to injustice. . . . It9s up to you whether you want to take responsibility for your actions.= The judge said the scene he found <saddest= from the videos shown at Schwartz9s trial was when, after the metal chair hits the police officers, another man <sees, and he points at them, and he laughs.= After repeating that thought twice, mehta sighed. <I9m not quite sure what we have come to,= he said. The previous longest sentence for someone charged in the insurrection was the 10-year prison term former New York City police officer Thomas Webster received in September. Webster, a former marine, swung a flagpole at police and tackled an officer before yanking off his gas mask during the riot. A jury found Webster guilty of assaulting a law enforcement officer, obstructing officers and other felonies. mehta, who also sentenced Webster, said that attack was <extremely violent= but in comparison involved only a single victim and a perpetrator with no criminal past. He also credited Webster with accepting responsibility once he was found guilty. Schwartz on friday said only, <I do sincerely regret the damage that January 6 has caused to so many people and their lives.= <I appreciate what you said,= mehta replied. <But I don9t believe it.= <You9re not somebody who is standing up to injustice. & It9s up to you whether you want to take responsibility for your actions.= Judge Amit P. Mehta, faulting Peter schwartz for spreading his own lies in claiming he was targeted for being a Christian conservative BY MARTIN WEIL AND EMILY DAVIES A man was fatally shot in Southeast Washington on friday night, and two people were killed in the District on Thursday, raising the number of homicides in the city to seven in the seven days since April 30. In the friday killing, the victim was found about 10 p.m. in a dwelling in the 4400 block of B Street SE, police spokeswoman Alaina Gertz said. No name was available. one of Thursday9s slayings occurred in the 3500 block of Hayes Street NE. marcus Carey, 47, of Southeast, was found in the area a few minutes before midnight. He had been assaulted and died at the scene, police said. In the other Thursday homicide, Carlos Latney, 18, died in the 5600 block of B Street SE. He had been shot, police said. The first of the string of killings occurred just before midnight April 30 in the 3800 block of Jay Street NE. others occurred on m Street NE, Condon Terrace SE and Jamison Street NE. The overall rate of homicides in the city has increased by about 17 percent over the same time last year and has prompted widespread expressions of concern. the District Police report seven slayings in past seven days in D.C. BY MARTIN WEIL Saturday seemed well suited to show the splendors of spring in Washington, with major contributions coming not only from such key players as temperature and humidity, but also from the sun and the almost full moon. At dawn, around 6 a.m. the spring sun was climbing above the horizon in the east. In the west hung the round moon, only minutes before setting. Still close to full, it loomed pink and unusually large against the pale blue sky. It almost seemed to be an apparition from another world. It would not be easy to carp at a day credited with so stunning a start. And accordingly, Saturday seemed to show few flaws and give many delights. It was bright, warm, and dry. The sun shone with the fervor and intensity of August, but it was early may, on a day without summery humidity and with temperatures in the 70s. The day9s high was 75 degrees. That was one degree above the average Washington high for may 6. The ingredients of such a day as Saturday may readily be specified, but in Washington, they are not so often encountered, so it seemed worthwhile to pay a bit of homage. the District Saturday obered almost simultaneous sunrise, moonset Subscriber Exclusives Catchy tune: Free tickets to The National on May 23 at The Anthem the grammy-winning band has released First Two Pages of Frankenstein, <a taut, focused collection= of 11 songs (pastemagazine.com). <the commitment to the design and blueprint of this record is incredible; every minute detail, sound, glitch, has been selected with the utmost care= (clashmusic.com). the album boasts a duet featuring frontman Matt Berninger and pop star taylor swift. <this is the national&at their absolute best= (nme.com). see details at washingtonpost.com/my-post.

sunday, may 7, 2023 . the washington post eZ Re C5 Another passenger, who has since been identified as a 24-year-old marine veteran named Daniel Penny, placed Neely in a chokehold and held him on the floor of the train. He kept him in that position, with the assistance of two other men at one point, even after Neely grew still. Too still. Authorities pronounced Neely dead that day, and on Wednesday, the city medical examiner ruled the death a homicide. The killing has since ignited justifiable anger, grief and outrage. As of friday much still remained uncertain, including whether the men who restrained him would face charges, but this much was clear: Neely should be alive. He needed help in that moment, and long before that moment, and he didn9t get it. <I would have been SCrEAmING at that man to let him go!= reads a comment under a facebook post of the video, which was taken by Juan Alberto Vazquez. <Why are those people just standing there? Why did no one check a pulse? No CPr? Nothing! This is sickening.= It9s easy, of course, to feel that way when we are removed from the situation. It9s easy to watch what happened through a screen and believe that if we had been a bystander we would have stood up and done something instead of stood there and done nothing. But here9s the thing: We are bystanders. We are bystanders every day, watching people who are unhoused succumb to a slow chokehold. Jordan Neely was a unique individual with unique skills and unique struggles. But in D.C. and other major cities across the country, there are many people like him, and we know they are dying in preventable and premature ways. The numbers tell us that. The stories that occurred before that video of Neely went viral tell us that. And what we see in front of us every day as we make our way through our cities tells us that. vargaS frOm C1 In D.C. last year, more than 70 people died while homeless. Some of the causes: intoxication, hypothermia and homicide. The youngest person who died was 30. Others who died were 31, 32, 36, 41 and 45. The average age was 55. Those ages appeared on a list shared by advocates who hold a vigil every year for the people who die in the city <without the dignity of a home.= When those advocates took a deep look at the lives behind those numbers, they found that most of those people died while waiting to use housing vouchers and that the losses didn9t fall evenly across racial lines. Nearly 85 percent of the people who died in the city last year without housing were Black. None of those individuals were held in a chokehold on a train. But make no mistake, they died because they were homeless. They died because officials have shown time and again that they are more interested in trying to push people who are unhoused out of sight than pull them out of homelessness and the dangers that come with it. D.C. mayor muriel E. Bowser vowed to end homelessness and has made some notable strides toward that goal, including closing the D.C. General family shelter after the disappearance of 8-year-old relisha rudd. But under her leadership, tent encampments have also been cleared before housing has been secured for all of the people in them, leaving unhoused individuals displaced and disconnected. I told you in an earlier column about a woman who was forced to leave an encampment and was alone when her tent collapsed under the snow. In february, dozens of people, and their belongings, were removed from mcPherson Square by the National Park Service. A day later, officials estimated that two-thirds of the people who had been displaced were still sleeping on the street. more recently, D.C. officials announced that the city was no longer placing migrant families at shelter hotels, because they were full. One of those hotels is a Days Inn. That means migrant families who come to D.C. without housing or much of anything are hearing from the city a rejection with biblical roots: <There9s no room at the Inn.= It would be laughable if it weren9t true. An organizer with the migrant Solidarity mutual Aid Network, which has been helping migrant families since they started arriving on buses from Texas and other states, told me on friday that about 20 families have arrived since the city made that announcement. The organization has found residents to take in some of those families and paid for hotel rooms for others. Their effort is admirable, but it should not fall on volunteers to try to keep people from ending up on the street. The city needs to prioritize providing more temporary and permanent housing options for struggling families 4 no matter where they were born 4 because the local homeless population is not disappearing. On friday, newly released data revealed that the city9s homeless population has increased by 11.6 percent in the past year. Anyone who has spent time with people who are unhoused knows these are not easy issues. Getting people who have been chronically homeless, or suddenly thrust into it, into stable housing is complicated. It9s even more so when people have a history of trauma and mental illness. (When Neely was a teenager his mother was strangled and stuffed in a suitcase, friends and relatives have said in recent days in explaining his long struggle with mental illness). But if we don9t push lawmakers to invest resources toward addressing homelessness, we will pay with public safety, educational gaps and lost human potential. After the video of Neely emerged, Jesse rabinowitz tweeted that he was <heartbroken.= rabinowitz, the senior manager for policy and advocacy at miriam9s Kitchen and manager of the Way Home Campaign, which aims to end chronic homelessness in D.C., also noted the other ways unhoused people die. <And also, not funding housing kills,= he wrote. <Evicting encampments kills. Policy choices that allow homelessness to exist kill. may their memories compel us to do better.= May their memories compel us to do better. most of us weren9t there on the train that day with Neely. We couldn9t step up or speak up then. But we are bystanders, every day. Theresa Vargas We all are bystanders as unhoused people like Jordan Neely die prematurely michael s. Williamson/the Washington Post People sleep near McPherson Square Metro station. In D.C. last year, more than 70 people died while homeless. Some of the causes: intoxication, hypothermia and homicide. The youngest person was 30. 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C6 eZ re the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 BY LATESHIA BEACHUM Kent roberson, chair of the Prince George9s County Democratic Central Committee, was appointed late Thursday to succeed former delegate Darryl Barnes (D), who stepped down in April from his District 25 seat. In a unanimous vote by the Prince George9s County Central Committee in a Thursday evening special meeting, roberson edged out three other candidates for the seat. At least two others had bowed out of the running before the appointment, citing roberson9s likely odds of winning. The process has also revived conversations about whether voters should have a voice in filling legislative vacancies. Thursday9s meeting had nearly an hour-long break of silence when applicant and former delegate Angela m. Angel, who represented the district from 2015 to 2019, raised concerns about whether roberson9s position as a federal lobbyist could possibly violate a section of the committee9s bylaws. roberson works as senior manager of government relations for the Corn refiners Association. The committee 4 sans roberson 4 consulted with the state party and with legal counsel about the term <regulated lobbyist= as stated in the bylaws. A committee official said it was determined that the term referred to a person engaged in lobbying activities in the state of maryland. roberson, a Prince George9s County native and father of three, said that his unpaid role as the central committee9s chair solidified the importance of building relationships for a better Prince George9s County, and that it taught him to manage different personalities while striving toward a common a goal. <Taking that background into this new position, I believe it9s key to being successful as a delegate,= he said in an interview. roberson has faced election losses, most recently to Lolita Walker in a bid to represent District 9 on the Prince George9s County Board of Education. He also had an unsuccessful run for a District 25 seat in 2018, receiving just over 6 percent of the Democratic primary vote against Barnes, Nick Charles and Dereck E. Davis, who is now serving as state treasurer. roberson said he would like to work on improving the federal farm bill9s impact on maryland 4 especially in his district; help reduce congestion in the county as the number of residents continues to rise; and to assist in making voting more accessible throughout the state. Maryland Kent Roberson named successor to former delegate Darryl Barnes Roberson will represent District 25 in Prince George9s county in the House of Delegates. has been dominated by the board9s recent vote to make provisions for <missing middle= housing. Christian Dorsey (D) and Katie Cristol (D), the board9s two most vocal proponents of the policy, are not running again for seats on the five-person board. (All Arlington board members are elected at-large and serve staggered four-year terms, and Dorsey9s and Cristol9s are the only two seats up this year.) With many residents still fired up over the vote as well as broader issues related to density, development and sharply rising housing prices, the six candidates have taken divergent stances on a policy that effectively ends single-family-only zoning in this inner-ring suburb of D.C. real estate agent Natalie roy and consultant Susan Cunningham, the interim director of a local nonprofit organization, said they were motivated to run in part by the board9s handling of the missing-middle vote. <It made me angry,= roy, 65, said. <I didn9t feel like the County Board was listening to people in the community.= Although some proponents of the policy had asserted that it would boost diversity and create less-expensive housing options, roy, a former environmental advocate, said it would do neither. The board should have better studied the potential impacts of such a change before approving it, she added. Cunningham, 49, who ran unsuccessfully as an independent in a 2020 special election for the County Board, expressed similar frustrations. She said the policy lacked a focus on homeownership or measures to allow seniors to age in place. <It took a very long time to figure out whether we wanted to do something,= she said, <and it took a very short time to figure out what we wanted to do.= The four other candidates in the race have expressed varying degrees of support for the plan 4 but also a desire to move past the vote and focus on other issues. Diversity consultant Julius D. <J.D.= Spain Sr. suggested that the missing middle was being used as a wedge issue and said that the board9s vote was being mischaracterized. Spain, a marine Corps veteran who mounted an unsuccessful primary challenge for the Virginia House of Delegates in 2019, led the Arlington chapter of the NAACP as it advocated for the zoning change. <If you are a true Democrat, you will believe exclusionary zoning should be nonexistent in America,= Spain, 50, said. <All [the vote] did was remove the barrier. It didn9t guarantee you affordable housing.= for the race9s two youngest candidates 4 child-care policy researcher maureen Coffey, 27, and political strategist Jonathan Dromgoole, 28 4 the conversation also has highlighted a need for other sorts of experience. <We just don9t have that voice of someone who wants to be able to buy into the housing market in the county but just doesn9t have the opportunity right now,= Dromgoole said. <We constantly hear, 8Go look elsewhere. Go look in D.C.9 That9s not what a lot of us want to do. We want to be able to stay here.= He added that with the zoning vote behind them, county lawmakers needed to shift their focus toward securing deeply affordable housing for the lowest-income residents. <I don9t know if that9s necessarily front of mind for everybody,= he added. Coffey said the issue is personal, too. After setting out to buy an apartment in Arlington, she struggled to find options that were both within her budget and a reasonable commute to her D.C. office. many of her peers, she noted, had given up on similar searches and left Northern Virginia for lower-cost communities in oregon or the midwest. eLectIOns from c1 <We are on an unsustainable path right now for many working folks in our community,= she said. <People should not have to choose between an hour-and-ahalf commute and paying 40 percent of their income on rent.= Small-business owner Tony Weaver, 34, another candidate for the board, said he would have voted for the final missing-middle proposal 4 particularly to allow for townhouses, duplexes and semidetached houses 4 but he expressed some practical concerns about increasing the density of single-family-only neighborhoods. finding space to construct six-unit buildings will be very difficult, he said, adding that he does not think many will be built. But <it9s been approved; this is going to happen,= he added. <It9s not for the benefit of the community to force people into positions that are really retrospective.= The County Board primary races will be the first local elections in Virginia to use rankedchoice voting, although nominees for all other local races will be selected by the traditional winner-takes-all system. Arlington and falls Church Commonwealth9s Attorney Parisa Dehghani-Tafti (D) is being challenged in the primary by Josh Katcher, a former prosecutor in her office. Jose Quiroz, who became interim Arlington sheriff in January, is running to be elected to that job permanently. He is competing in the Democratic primary against Wanda Younger, a former director of pretrial services in the sheriff9s office, and officer James Herring of the Arlington police. Fairfax county When Board of Supervisors Chairman Jeffrey C. mcKay ran for his office four years ago, he faced three opponents in what became a heated primary. This year, he faces one challenger: Lisa m. Downing, a former CIA resources officer who said she entered the Democratic primary race just before the filing deadline after seeing no one else had. Downing, 65, cited as her chief concern the shortage of homes in the county that are large enough and also affordable for middleincome families. <We are not building the houses that our teachers, our police officers, firefighters and small-business owners would buy if they could live in fairfax,= she said. <As a result, they are commuters.= She proposed zoning changes akin to those in Arlington, where areas designated for single-family homes would be targeted for multifamily dwellings. Downing also said the development of <mcmansions= in fairfax County could be limited by requiring that homes that are torn down be replaced with houses of equivalent size 4 an idea that may run afoul of state property rights laws if the new, larger homes still meet lot-setback requirements. Downing attacked mcKay over the board9s recent decision to increase supervisors9 salaries, a raise that will take effect with the board sworn in in January. And she said his regular use of a county vehicle instead of his own, including to commute to and from home, shows a lack of integrity. mcKay, 47, defended the county9s affordable-housing policies and said some of Downing9s arguments reflect her lack of experience in local government. He said fairfax has 4,000 affordable-housing units in the development pipeline and in the past year invested $94 million toward its goal of 10,000 such homes by 2030. He said the county considers building more affordable homes an economic imperative, citing an estimate in a county economic development authority report in January that 126,000 jobs in Northern Virginia were unfilled. mcKay argued that this is related to the lack of affordable homes for people who would qualify for those positions. <The number one reason is that there is not enough affordable housing to draw workers to this area who can fill these jobs,= he said. The county has taken action to limit mcmansions by imposing restrictions on height, lot setbacks and the shapes of houses that do not require a change in state law, mcKay said, arguing that the General Assembly is not likely to pass more aggressive restrictions. The Board of Supervisors9 first salary increases since 2015 4 amounting to a nearly 40 percent raise for the chair9s position 4 are intended to reflect the long hours put in by supervisors, including nights and weekends, and to attract a broader pool of candidates, including potential board members who might not have other sources of income, he said. <A lot of good people have not run= for those reasons, he said. mcKay called the criticism over his use of a county car <sensationalism.= Previous Board of Supervisors chairs also have used county vehicles 4 funded out of their office budgets 4 for a job that requires frequently traversing the county of 406 square miles for events and police incidents that sometimes run late into the night, he said. <We9re all over the county, seven days a week,= mcKay said, adding that seeking county reimbursement for miles while using his own car for the 1,000 such trips he made last year would <be a nightmare.= other notable nomination contests for the fairfax County Board of Supervisors include: In the mason District, four Democratic candidates 4 Jeremy G. Allen, Andres Jimenez, Steve S. Lee and reid Voss 4 are vying to replace Supervisor Penelope A. Gross (D), who is not seeking reelection. In the Springfield district, Democrats John James Nowadly and Albert Vega are competing for a chance to take on Supervisor Pat Herrity (r) in November. In Dranesville, Democrats David r. fiske and James N. Bierman Jr. are competing for the seat being vacated by Supervisor John. W. foust (D), and in the mount Vernon district, Supervisor Dan Storck (D) faces a primary challenge from maritza Zermeño. fairfax Commonwealth9s Attorney Steve Descano (D) is in a primary election battle with defense attorney Ed Nuttall. Prince William county Board Chair Ann B. Wheeler has been under constant attack from opponents of data-center development in Prince William 4 among them Deshundra Jefferson, her Democratic primary challenger. The issue has resonated more in exurban Northern Virginia communities such as Prince William9s Gainesville area, where the industry has lately been concentrating. A Washington Post-Schar School poll in march found that 36 percent of residents in the Northern Virginia exurbs say they would be uncomfortable living next to a data center, more than the 24 percent statewide who say the same. fifty-five percent of those in the exurbs support the state government9s providing tax breaks to companies building data centers in Virginia if the individual businesses create at least 1,000 jobs, similar to the 61 percent statewide who agree. That support has not factored into the local elections, but the Prince William board voted this week to slightly increase the tax on equipment in data centers. Jefferson, a communications strategist, highlighted the thousands of dollars that Wheeler9s campaign has received from data-center developers and property owners who stand to benefit from a proposal to build a 2,100- acre <Digital Gateway= data-center complex in the Gainesville area. She accused Wheeler and the board9s four other Democrats of ignoring constituents9 concerns about the potential effects of data centers, including noise produced by exhaust fans, and of not doing enough to keep the area affordable for those residents. <There is a strong sense that the board is not accountable to the people who voted for them,= Jefferson, 47, said. <All the Democrats ran on smart growth, and what the voters have seen is developer-driven growth.= Wheeler, 62, countered that increasing commercial tax revenue from data centers and other industries has allowed the board to consider lowering the residential property tax rate this year from $1.03 to $0.966 per $100 of assessed value. When accounting for rising property values in the region, that would leave a net-zero impact on the average homeowner9s annual tax bill, Wheeler said. <A lot of that is due to our commercial tax revenue, including data centers,= she said. <It9s beginning to make a real difference in our ability to lower taxes for our residential homeowners.= Data centers also have factored into the republican nomination contest for county board chair, between Supervisor Jeanine Lawson (r-Brentsville) and Kenneth Knarr, an education specialist who supports the Digital Gateway and whose home would be sold to make room for the project. Lawson, 53, who has focused on Wheeler in her campaign, did not respond to messages seeking comment on the nomination contest. Lawson9s supporters have suggested that Knarr 4 who, among his conservative ideas, wants the county jail again to cooperate with federal immigration authorities on deportations 4 is a proxy candidate for Democrats. They highlight the nearly $11,000 in campaign contributions Knarr has made to Democrats in the past two years, including $145 to Wheeler. Knarr, 60, defended his contributions to Democrats as a demonstration of his willingness to be bipartisan on some issues, such as collective bargaining. He still adheres to traditional republican principles on social issues, he said. <Jeanine9s uncompromising, combative and divisive partisan mind-set has only fostered failure after failure for republicans,= Knarr said. About a potential conflict of interest over the Digital Gateway project, he said the issue would be resolved before the next chair took office. But he argued that Northern Virginia localities should embrace the industry as a tax revenue generator. <If you were from oklahoma or Texas, you wouldn9t avoid oil,= he said. <This is our resource, our main source of commercial revenue.= Elsewhere in the county, Potomac District Supervisor Andrea o. Bailey (D) is facing a primary election challenge from Kimberlee Jamale Short, and Supervisor Victor S. Angry (D-Neabsco) faces Nate murphy in June. Emily Guskin contributed to this report. Development, housing prove hot topics in N. Virginia races craig hudSon for The WaShingTon PoST <Missing middle= housing has been the subject of many public meetings in Arlington county and is dominating this year9s races for county Board seats. At a Jan. 8 board meeting, people for and against ending single-family-home zoning showed up to lobby board members. michael S. WilliamSon/The WaShingTon PoST A view of Richmond Highway 4 Route 1 4 looking south from Holly Hill Road in Alexandria in May 2022. michael S. WilliamSon/The WaShingTon PoST Ian and Grace Olmstead on an evening walk on new sidewalks under new streetlights in Hillsboro in Loudoun county in 2021.

sunday, may 7, 2023 . the washington post eZ re C7 obituaries quency) tuners. The commercial networks dominated the alreadycrowded VHF (very high frequency) spectrum available on most TV sets until that time. Educational stations such as WETA in Washington used the UHF band. Mr. Minow said he was initially ignorant of communications satellites but quickly grasped their importance in the Cold War and persuaded the president to spend political capital to hasten their development. He once told Kennedy they were more important than sending a man into space <because they will launch ideas, and ideas last longer than men and women.= Mr. Minow helped persuade Congress to pass legislation that led to the creation of the Communications Satellite Corp., widely known as Comsat Corp., which over the decades became a major provider of satellite communications services. Under Mr. Minow, the FCC also granted a license to launch Telstar, which in 1962 became the first commercial U.S. satellite. It was a crude device, limited in relaying phone and TV signals. But Telstar proved a steppingstone to the multibillion-dollar satellite industry, which has been critical to the growth of cable TV as well as the internet and sundry military applications. <His actions laid the groundwork for so many things that would happen in the future,= Simon said of Mr. Minow. <He was able to transform this vast wasteland by methods he didn9t even anticipate.= Obama9s legal mentor Newton Norman Minow, the son of Russian Jewish immigrants, was born in Milwaukee on Jan. 17, 1926. His father coowned a prosperous chain of laundries. The family emphasized education, insisting that Newton9s older brother, who had a form of cerebral palsy, be mainstreamed in public school to attend college, which he did. After serving in the Army Signal Corps, Mr. Minow entered Northwestern University on an accelerated program for returnBY ADAM BERNSTEIN Newton N. Minow, the Federal Communications Commission chairman who in 1961 memorably assailed TV as a <vast wasteland= and went on to have a towering impact on broadcasting by helping shape public television, satellite communications and presidential debates, died May 6 at his home in Chicago. He was 97. The cause was a heart attack, said his daughter Nell Minow, a top authority on corporate governance. Mr. Minow was a politically connected Chicago legal grandee and boardroom Zelig whose professional life encompassed nearly every part of the communications business over six decades. During World War II, he served in an Army battalion that built one of the first telephone lines between China and India. As a director of National Educational Television, a forerunner of the Public Broadcasting Service, he helped obtain the funding to put <Sesame Street= on the air in 1969. He later sat on the boards of CBS, Tribune Co. and other major broadcasters, and he chaired the PBS board in the late 1970s. Through prominent roles on panels and commissions, Mr. Minow also worked to create a template for the modern presidential debate format that has conferred on television a defining role, beyond political advertising, in the electoral process. Ron Simon, a curator at the Paley Center for Media in New York, called Mr. Minow <a crucial figure in expanding TV9s possibilities.= A former clerk for the chief justice of the United States, Mr. Minow had a quick and farsighted mind that in the 1950s helped him advance into the inner circles of Democratic presidential candidate Adlai E. Stevenson II, the onetime Illinois governor, and John F. Kennedy, then a U.S. senator from Massachusetts. Two generations later, Mr. Minow helped promote the political rise of future president Barack Obama, who had been a summer associate in Mr. Minow9s Chicago law firm. Mr. Minow was initially thrust into national attention as FCC chairman from 1961 to 1963, when he emerged as one of the boldest and most ambitious of President Kennedy9s New Frontiersmen. The FCC mostly focused on issuing licenses for radio and television stations and setting rates for phone service, but Mr. Minow saw the job as a pulpit from which to evangelize for the public interest. After all, he reasoned, the public owned the airwaves. And he had long been concerned 4 as a parent and as someone who understood TV9s ability to sway minds 4 by the proliferation of what he considered shallow, dollar-grubbing programming by the networks. At 35, Mr. Minow was one of the youngest men ever to hold the FCC chairmanship when Kennedy rewarded him with that assignment in 1961. At the time, the regulatory agency was reeling from payola scandals, involving bribes paid to disc jockeys in exchange for promotion of certain records, and rigged quiz shows. A popular joke was that the FCC9s initials stood for From Crisis to Crisis. The FCC also was perceived to have been in the pocket of lobbyists and broadcast industry leaders. A chairman was forced to resign in 1960 after accepting a six-day cruise on the yacht of a radio and TV company president. Mr. Minow set out to revive the agency as a watchdog. In his first public address as FCC chairman, on May 9, 1961, he delivered a majestic bombshell at the National Association of Broadcasters convention in Washington. Mr. Minow and his speechwriters borrowed from the poet T.S. Eliot and created an enduring catchphrase about the <vast wasteland= of the tube. <When television is good, nothing 4 not the theater, not the magazines or newspapers 4 nothing is better,= he said. <But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite each of you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and stay there, for a day, without a book, without a magazine, without a newspaper, without a profit and loss sheet or a rating book to distract you. ... I can assure you that what you will observe is a vast wasteland. <You will see a procession of game shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families, blood and thunder, mayhem, violence, sadism, murder, western bad men, western good men, private eyes, gangsters, more violence, and cartoons. And endlessly, commercials 4 many screaming, cajoling and offending. And most of all, boredom.= He called for <a wider range of choices, more diversity, more alternatives= and then threatened to hold up or revoke licenses for local TV stations; the FCC could not regulate the networks directly, only the stations they owned. <There is nothing permanent or sacred about a broadcast license,= he said. The thrust of the speech was not novel. In his celebrated <wires and lights in a box= address to peers in 1958, CBS newsman Edward R. Murrow also called for the medium to illuminate and inspire, instead of just to entertain. But as Richard Heffner, the historian and longtime public television host, once said, the <vast wasteland= talk was a <never-to-be-forgotten bearding right there in the lion9s very den= from the top federal regulator. Mr. Minow drew recriminations from network executives, who called the speech sensationalized, oversimplified and unfair 4 elitist at best and evoking the specter of Soviet-style censorship at worst. Sherwood Schwartz, creator of the lowbrow 1960s sitcom <Gilligan9s Island,= reputedly named the marooned S.S. Minnow (with the extra N) after the FCC chief as a riposte. The <vast wasteland= speech had little practical effect on commercial programming, but it was credited with reasserting the power of the FCC. Mr. Minow used the attention to win federal funding to greatly increase the number of educational television stations. The expanded network of stations would later coalesce into the Public Broadcasting Service in 1969. In 1962, Mr. Minow helped foster legislation that required all TV sets to be manufactured with built-in UHF (ultrahigh freing World War II veterans. He earned an undergraduate degree in 1949 and a law degree the next year. He was first in his law school class and clerked for Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson before joining then-Illinois Gov. Adlai Stevenson as an aide. He was active in Stevenson9s failed presidential campaigns in 1952 and 1956, in the latter race trying unsuccessfully to persuade his boss to make then-Sen. John F. Kennedy his running mate. Mr. Minow was Stevenson9s law partner in Chicago when Kennedy tapped him to lead the FCC. Despite the fears of broadcasters after his <vast wasteland= speech, he vigorously defended the free speech rights of TV networks and controversial programming. He denounced advertisers for threatening to cancel contracts after ABC aired an interview with Alger Hiss, who had been convicted of perjury in a Cold War espionage case. After leaving the FCC in June 1963, Mr. Minow was an executive with Encyclopaedia Britannica and Curtis Publishing, which owned the Saturday Evening Post and other magazines. He became a partner and later senior counsel in the blue chip Chicago-based law firm Sidley Austin, developing a specialty in communications law and corporate strategy. (One of his legal proteges, Obama, awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation9s highest civilian honor, in 2016.) He wrote or co-wrote books about broadcasting, including one on the history of televised presidential debates. Mr. Minow helped make those debates commonplace, working with the League of Women Voters in the mid-1970s to find a workaround solution to the FCC9s equal time provision. That rule forced the inclusion of even fringe-party candidates whenever radio and TV gave exposure to a major party9s candidates. An exemption had been made in 1960 for the first televised presidential debates, between Kennedy and Vice President Richard M. Nixon. There were no general election presidential debates for the next 16 years; the candidates had declined to participate. Viewing the debates as a matter of vital public interest 4 a job interview and a way <to get a feel of the personality and character of the person= 4 Mr. Minow helped persuade the FCC to decree that presidential debates held by outside groups such as the nonpartisan league could be interpreted as news events not subject to the equal time rule. Mr. Minow was involved in subsequent televised debates sponsored by the league and, in 1987, helped form the bipartisan Commission on Presidential Debates, which has sponsored general election debates ever since. He served as vice chairman of the commission for more than 25 years. He was also a past board chairman of the Carnegie Foundation of New York and the Santa Monica, Calif.-based Rand Corp., a research group heavily funded by the Defense Department. In the early 1970s, he helped steer Rand through a period of tumult after one its analysts, Daniel Ellsberg, had leaked to the New York Times the think tank9s copy of the secret Vietnam War history called the Pentagon Papers. Mr. Minow9s wife of 72 years, the former Josephine Baskin, died in 2022. Survivors include three daughters who became lawyers, Nell Minow of McLean, Va., MacArthur Foundation board chairwoman and former Harvard Law School dean Martha Minow of Cambridge, Mass., and Mary Minow of Chicago, and three grandchildren. In interviews, Mr. Minow liked to emphasize that he was a TV <junkie= who devoured news and sports programs, police dramas and sitcoms. He considered television a vital source of connectedness with the world, going so far as to place a TV in every room of his house 4 including the bathroom. As he once said, <For people who tell me 4 academic intellectuals very often 4 8I don9t have a television set in my house,9 I tell them, 8You9re not alive.9= NEWTON N. MINOW, 97 FCC chair had towering impact on broadcasting, debates aP susan ragan/aP CeCiL stougHton/WHite House/JoHn F. Kennedy PresidentiaL Library and MuseuM ABOVE: President John F. Kennedy visits with outgoing FCC Chairman Newton N. Minow and his family in May 1963. RIGHT: Mr. Minow delivers a speech at the Gannett Foundation Media Center on the 30th anniversary of his 1961 address that criticized television as a <vast wasteland.= LEFT: As head of the FCC from 1961 to 1963, Mr. Minow revived an agency beset by crises. He later helped secure the funding to get <Sesame Street= on the air in 1969 and helped shape the modern presidential debate. <When television is good, nothing 4 not the theater, not the magazines or newspapers 4 nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite each of you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and stay there, for a day, without a book, without a magazine, without a newspaper, without a profit and loss sheet or a rating book to distract you. ... I can assure you that what you will observe is a vast wasteland.= Newton Minow, in his first public address as FCC chairman on May 9, 1961

c8 eZ re the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 obituaries BY EMILY LANGER Harold S. Kushner, a rabbi who became a spiritual counselor to millions as the author of the book <When Bad Things Happen to Good People,= a best-selling work about the search for solace amid unspeakable suffering, died April 28 in Canton, Mass. He was 88. He had Alzheimer9s disease, said his daughter, Ariel Kushner Haber. Rabbi Kushner was a young father, still new to his ministry, when he learned in 1966 that his 3-year-old son, Aaron Zev Kushner, had a rare genetic condition known as progeria. The illness, which affects an estimated 1 in 4 million children, causes rapid aging and is invariably fatal. Aaron died in 1977, two days after his 14th birthday. His death and the random, seemingly senseless nature of his illness submerged Rabbi Kushner in grief and upended the most fundamental elements of his religious faith. <What I felt . . . was a deep, aching sense of unfairness. I had been a good person and always tried to do what was right,= Rabbi Kushner recalled. <I had assumed my side of the bargain, so how could this be happening to my family? If God existed, if He was minimally fair, let alone loving and forgiving, how could He do this to me?= For centuries, theologians have argued over the question of theodicy, or how a god who is good can coexist with a world of suffering and evil. For Rabbi Kushner, and for the readers of all faiths who turned to him for guidance, the matter was not one of intellectual abstraction but rather of visceral pain and personal religious crisis. Rabbi Kushner channeled his pain into the drafting of <When Bad Things Happen to Good People.= Several publishing houses turned it down before Schocken Books, a small Jewish press, agreed to publish the volume in 1981. It quickly lodged on bestseller lists. Rabbi Kushner rejected traditional explanations for tragedy 4 the notion, for example, that God employs suffering to teach a lesson, or that God has a plan unknowable to mortals. Such arguments, as he saw them, served more to defend God than to help the person in pain. Rather than imploring of God, <Why me?,= Rabbi Kushner argued, the sufferer should ask, <How do I go on?= He urged his readers to continue to seek refuge in their faith. He had managed to do so, he wrote, by amending his earlier conviction in God9s almighty power. <If I, walking through the wards of a hospital, have to face the fact that either God is all - powerful but not kind, or thoroughly kind and loving but not totally powerful, I would rather compromise God9s power and affirm his love,= Rabbi Kushner once told NPR. <The theological conclusion I came to is that God could have been all-powerful at the beginning, but he chose to designate two areas of life off-limits to his power,= he continued. <He would not arbitrarily interfere with laws of nature, and secondly, God would not take away our freedom to choose between good and evil.= Some theologians, while commending Rabbi Kushner for the comfort he brought to his readers, objected to what they regarded as his minimizing of God9s power. He responded: <Your God wants the earthquake to happen, the little boy to die? Which one of us is diminishing God?= Such was the demand for Rabbi Kushner9s counsel that he eventually stepped down from his formal ministry at his synagogue in Natick, Mass., to become a full-time writer and lecturer. He wrote more than a dozen books, among them <When All You9ve Ever Wanted Isn9t Enough= (1986), <How Good Do We Have to Be? A New Understanding of Guilt and Forgiveness= (1996) and <Living a Life That Matters= (2001). Harold Samuel Kushner was born in Brooklyn on April 3, 1935. His mother was a homemaker, and his father ran a store that sold children9s books and toys. Rabbi Kushner enrolled at Columbia University, where he was president of a student Zionist organization, and where he studied psychology and later literature under the Pulitzer Prize - winning poet Mark Van Doren. He received a bachelor9s degree in 1955 and a master9s degree in the social and philosophical foundations of education in 1960. During his studies at Columbia, Rabbi Kushner enrolled at the evening program of the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York. He was a college junior when he decided to pursue the rabbinate. As a student at the seminary, Rabbi Kushner received a bachelor9s degree in religious education in 1955, was ordained in 1960, and received a doctorate in Hebrew literature in 1972. In 1960, Rabbi Kushner married Suzette Estrada. He volunteered with the Army Chaplain Corps before becoming an assistant rabbi in Great Neck, on Long Island, and then rabbi at Temple Israel, a Conservative congregation in Natick. The Kushners received the diagnosis of Aaron9s illness 12 hours after their daughter was born. <We learned that our happy, outgoing son would look like a little old man while he was still a child,= Rabbi Kushner told The Washington Post in 1982. <He would never grow beyond three feet in height and he would die in his early teens.= By the time Aaron turned 10, he was physiologically in his 60s. Rabbi Kushner9s wife died last year. Besides his daughter, of Wellesley, Mass., survivors include two grandchildren. In addition to his works of spiritual counsel, Rabbi Kushner9s books included <To Life! A Celebration of Jewish Being and Thinking= (1993). Along with novelist Chaim Potok, he was a principal contributor to <Etz Hayim,= the official commentary on the Torah of Conservative Judaism, published in 2001. Nearly half a century after it was first published, <When Bad Things Happen to Good People= remains Rabbi Kushner9s most famous work. He had written it, he said, to <redeem my son9s death from meaninglessness.= <If I could choose, I would forgo all the spiritual growth and depth which has come my way because of our experiences, and be what I was= before Aaron became sick, <an average rabbi, an indifferent counselor, helping some people and unable to help others, and the father of a bright, happy boy,= Rabbi Kushner wrote. <But I cannot choose.= haRold s. KushneR, 88 A rabbi whose search for solace in face of tragedy led to a best-selling book ron Bull/toronto star/getty iMages Harold Kushner, pictured in 2001, took the grief he felt after the death of his 14-year-old son, Aaron, from a rare disease and turned it into the best-selling book <When Bad Things Happen to Good People= in 1981. The book offered solace to millions facing tragedy. BY BRIAN MURPHY William Ratchford II, a behind-the-scenes force in Maryland politics for more than four decades, helping shape state budgets as the General Assembly9s top fiscal watchdog and then advising five Baltimore mayors on city spending, died April 23 at his home in Annapolis. He was 90. His wife, Nancy Ratchford, said he had been under hospice care, but she did not provide the cause. On paper, Mr. Ratchford9s job as director of the Department of Fiscal Services from 1974 to 1996 was to lead audits of state agencies, make sure the books were in order and raise alarms about deficits. In reality, he was far more: a guru-like confidant for lawmakers seeking his views on spending and hoping to tap into his encyclopedic knowledge of Maryland9s financial affairs and state government. Just about every major fiscal decision for more than 20 years was bounced off Mr. Ratchford, who was widely known as <Ratch.= He became an adjunct policymaker, helping steer the state through recessions, the savings and loan meltdown in the 1980s and the transition from paper ledgers to the digital age. His clout could bring blowback from political leaders unhappy over his suggestions for budget belt-tightening. Tensions ran especially high during the 1987 to 1995 tenure of Gov. William Donald Schaefer (D), who sometimes saw Mr. Ratchford9s recommended budget cuts as attacks on his agenda. <I don9t want to use the language, over the air, that I feel toward the analyst who did that,= Schaefer said in 1989 to reporters after he learned about Mr. Ratchford9s ideas on where to trim spending. <I get so hot under the collar.= Mr. Ratchford carefully avoided engaging in public spats, noting that he was a career bureaucrat whose loyalty was to the taxpayers and, at times, the media as a guide to break down the intricacies of the state budget process. In 1987, when the House Appropriations Committee was $10 million over a self-imposed spending limit, lawmakers called on Mr. Ratchford and his staff at Fiscal Services (now part of the Department of Legislative Services). In about an hour, Mr. Ratchford presented a list of possible cuts to get under the spending ceiling. U.S. Sen. Ben Cardin (D-Md.), who was Maryland House speaker from 1979 to 1986, once told The Washington Post that it was impossible to identify one program or spending package that best displayed Mr. Ratchford9s sway. <He is on everything,= Cardin said. Former Maryland governor Parris Glendening (D) made clear that the proverbial buck, in many cases, really stopped at Mr. Ratchford. <Even before I was really in there [as governor], I came to realize that if you wanted to do something 4 the budget games, the money 4 you really had to have his sign-off,= Glendening told the news site Maryland Matters last month. Mr. Ratchford announced his retirement from the General Assembly in 1996 but was persuaded to stay for another year to help reorganize the assembly9s support staff. He then became a fiscal consultant to Baltimore Mayor Kurt Schmoke (D) and stayed on with four more mayoral administrations until 2017 under Mayor Catherine Pugh (D). In Annapolis, Mr. Ratchford had a reputation of being cautious with his revenue projections and deferential to his deficit worries. His reply was that it was always better to count on the worst and enjoy the moments when it doesn9t come true. <I had a much easier time explaining the surplus than I would have explaining a deficit,= he told The Post in 1989. Baltimore native William Sawtelle Ratchford II was born in Baltimore on June 24, 1932. His father was superintendent of the Maryland School for the Blind, and Mr. Ratchford spent part of his boyhood living on campus. His mother was a homemaker. He graduated from the University of Richmond in 1954 and later served two years in the Air Force at the Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland. In 1960, he received a second undergraduate degree, from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. In 1961, he was briefly acting head of the Maryland Association of Counties and returned in 1964 as executive secretary. In the intervening years, he was at the University of Maryland with a graduate position at its Institute for Governmental Service and Research. He received a master9s degree in political science from the university in 1962. Mr. Ratchford became a deputy at the Maryland legislature9s Department of Fiscal Services in 1968 and was named director six years later. In addition to his wife of 65 years, the former Nancy Tickner Bertsch, survivors include two daughters, Linda Hesford of Annapolis and Wendy Rhoe of Chester, Md.; and three grandsons. In 1986, Mr. Ratchford appeared before Maryland state senators as they grappled over the size of the financial hit from the savings and loan crisis, whose fallout in Maryland was led by the disclosures of embezzlement and other improprieties at the Old Court Savings & Loan Association. Mr. Ratchford patiently explained that the figures were provided by experts in the savings and loan market. State Sen. Walter Baker, a Democrat from Cecil County, stood up and said what many in the room were wondering. <Well, Mr. Ratchford, I don9t care what they say,= Baker said. <I want to know what you think.= WIllIam RatchfoRd II, 90 A fiscal watchdog for Maryland whose inûuence was seen on 8everything9 JaMes M. thresher/the Washington Post William Ratchford II briefs Maryland9s Senate Finance Committee in January 1997. For more than four decades, he shaped spending in Annapolis and later worked as an adviser to Baltimore mayors. 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sunday, may 7, 2023 . the washington post EZ RE C9 ANNOUNCEMENT PAID DEATH NOTICES MEMORIAL DAY HOLIDAY HOURS May 29, 2023 11 a.m. - 3 p.m. Photo Deadine: 12 noon NO EXCEPTIONS To place a notice, call 202-334-4122 email: [email protected] Remembering Mom on MOTHER'S DAY May 14, 2023 Deadline Saturday, May 13 2 p.m. Call 202-334-4122 Email: [email protected] DEATH NOTICE BUTTRICK SHIRLEY MILLER BUTTRICK Shirley Miller Buttrick passed away peacefully on April 30, 2023 at the age of 98. She was an exceptional academic leader in the broad area of social policy, serving as the interim director of the School of Social Work at the University of Minnesota and the inaugural Dean of the Jane Addams School of Social Work of the University of Illinois. Shirley was always a force of nature, ûercely ambitious but also driven by a desire to improve the world in which we live. She was dedicated to liberal causes and to social justice. She is survived by her son, Peter, an academic physician at the University of Colorado, and by her grandchildren, Nicholas, assistant professor of social psychology at the University of Wisconsin, and Alice, legal associate at Shapiro, Arato and Bach, in New York City. No services to be held at this time. CLARK CARLTON S. CLARK Carlton Snouffer Clark passed away peacefully on April 24, 2023, in Seaford, DE from Covid complications amid a battle with Waldenstrom9s Disease - a progressive, slow-spreading blood/circulatory disorder he developed late in life. Carlton was 89. Born July 26, 1933, in Silver Spring, MD, he was the only child of Wesley Cowdin Clark, an accountant at the US Dept. of Commerce, and Jesse E Snouffer, a nurse and homemaker. Carlton and his parents enjoyed spending summers with family and friends at their cottage near the Severn River in Epping Forest, a short distance from Annapolis. In 1952, Carlton graduated from Montgomery Blair High School, and in December 1956, he graduated from Lehigh University, where he majored in Mechanical Engineering, and was a member of the Cross-Country team, Chi Phi Fraternity, and Air Force ROTC. In the summer of 1955, he met his future wife, Mary Ann Nichols, of Washington, DC, and the couple married in February 1957. Weeks later, Carlton was called up by the Air Force, where he served three years in Strategic Air Command (SAC) as a navigator aboard air refueling planes. Following his discharge in February 1960, he accepted a position at the Baltimore Gas & Electric Company (Exelon) in downtown Baltimore, and he and Mary Ann settled in Timonium. Carlton worked for BG&E for 34 years, mostly in Public/Government Affairs, while Mary Ann taught ûrst and second grades in the Baltimore County School System. The couple had two kids: Kevin (March 1961) and Marylee (March 1962). In 1994, Carlton and Mary Ann retired and moved to Denton, MD (near Hillsboro) on the Eastern Shore. A year later, Carlton accepted a part-time position as Town Crier for the Talbot County Courthouse in Easton, where he worked for 19 years. Carlton was an avid Orioles and Ravens fan, and enjoyed working in the yard, caring for his cars, and performing home maintenance tasks. In May 2014, he, and Mary Ann moved-in to a cottage at Manor House in Seaford, DE, where they spent their twilight years making friends and taking part in many of the diverse activities offered at the retirement facility. Mary Ann passed away on December 12, 2019, at age 85; and their beloved dachshund, Daisy, died in April 2022 at age 18. In addition to Kevin Clark, of Odenton, MD, and Marylee Kilmer, of Phoenix, AZ, Carlton is survived by his son-in-law, Burrell Kilmer (of Phoenix); three grandchildren: Shelby Kilmer-Webb, also of Phoenix, and her husband, Patrick; Nick Kilmer and his wife, Kenzie, of Brooklyn, NY; and Karli Kilmer, of Annapolis, and one great grandson, Nolan, of Phoenix. We would like to thank the staff and nurses at Manor House for their excellent care over the years. In lieu of ûowers, donations in Carlton9s memory can be made to the Caroline County Humane Society, 407 W. Belle St, Ridgely, MD 21660, or your favorite animal welfare organization. Graveside service and interment at Oxford Cemetery, followed by a memorial service at Manor House, will be held at a later date. www.fhnfuneralhome.com PICKETT MICHAEL JAMES PICKETT Michael James Pickett of Reston, Virginia, died on April 28, 2023 after a short battle with lung cancer. He was born on September 12, 1953 in Muskegon, Michigan. He was preceded in death by his parents, Donald Glen and Joan (Humphreys) Pickett and his niece Kristin Lynn VanderVeen. Mr. Pickett is survived by his husband of 45 years, James Theodore Anderson; sister Sharon (David) VanderVeen of Muskegon, MI; two brothers, Robert (Kelly) Pickett of Rockford, IL and Steven Donald (Marjorie) Pickett of Savannah, GA. In addition to three nephews, Todd David (Carrie) VanderVeen of Arlington Heights, IL, Mark Alan (Elizabeth) VanderVeen of Reston, VA, and Joshua (Darla) Pickett of Phoenix, AZ he had several great nieces and nephews. He was a 1971 graduate of Fruitport High School, Michigan; a 1975 B.A. graduate of Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan and a 1981 M.Ed. graduate of The George Washington University in Washington City, District of Columbia. He came to the Washington area in 1977 to work for the Commonwealth of Virginia, Center for Mental Health. Later he became a Program Director at the Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. Foundation, after which he joined The Falls Church Medical Center as the Business Manager. When the Medical Center closed, he afûliated with its successor organization The Arlington Medical Associates as the Director of Operations. He retired in December of 2022 after 35 years with the two organizations. A Private memorial funeral service will be held at a future date to honor his life. In lieu of ûowers, memorial contributions may be made to The Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. Foundation9s Special Olympics or the American Lung Association. DEATH NOTICE CARTER LEVI C. CARTER On Wednesday, April 5, 2023. Beloved husband of Barbara Beam Carter and father of Durwin, Donovan, and Douglas Carter. He is also survived by stepdaughters Teddi Beam-Conroy and Lisa Perry, 13 grandchildren, 10 great-grandchildren, a host of other relatives, and friends. Memorial Service will be private. CHEN DR. CHIA TING CHEN PHD (Age 87) On Tuesday, May 2, 2023 of Bethesda, MD. Beloved husband of Claudia for 58 years. Loving father of Shana (Andrei) and Ming. Grandfather Kaia and Keegan. Brother of Ruth Chen and Chang Lang Chen. Dr. Chen is predeceased by his son, Loren Chen. Family and friends will be received at PUMPHREY9S BETHESDA-CHEVY CHASE FUNERAL HOME, 7557 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, MD 20814 on Monday, May 8, from 3 to 6 p.m. Service and interment private. In lieu of ûowers, memorial contributions may be made to Montgomery Hospice, 1355 Piccard Drive, Rockville, MD 20850. Please view and sign the family guestbook at www.pumphreyfuneralhome.com HAYNES HELEN MARIE HAYNES (Age 89) Entered into eternal rest on Monday, April 24, 2023. Dearly beloved mother of Cynthia Johnson and Brenda Bosby. She is survived by a host of relatives and friends. Visitation will be held Tuesday, May 9 from 10 a.m. until a Mass of Christian Burial at 11 a.m. at Church of the Incarnation, 880 Eastern Avenue, NE, Washington, DC 20019. Interment at National Harmony Memorial Park, 7101 Sheriff Road, Hyattsville, MD 20785. Online condolences may be made at www.stewartfuneralhome.com HEINTZ MICHAEL ROBERT HEINTZ Michael Robert Heintz, 81, of Alexandria, VA passed away peacefully on April 21, 2023, in Alexandria after a long illness. Michael was born in Dayton, OH to Robert and Freda (Wildermuth) Heintz on September 2, 1941. He attended school in Dayton where he was active in the Dayton Boys Choir and the Dayton Music Club. He graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music with a Bachelor of Music. During his junior year at Oberlin, he studied at Mozarteum Akademie in Salzburg, Austria. He then pursued graduate studies at Union Theological Seminary in New York City earning a Master of Sacred Music, Magna cum Laude. Michael was a dedicated and skilled church musician for nearly all his life 3 photographs show him at the organ console of Epworth Methodist Church preparing for a recital while still a high school student. For thirty-six years he was the Music Director at St. Paul9s Episcopal Church in Alexandria, and he maintained active memberships in the American Guild of Organists (AGO) and in the Association of Anglican Musicians (AAM). At the time of his death, he was a member of Grace Episcopal Church, Alexandria, where he was a loyal supporter of the music program including the donation of a carillon. Michael was preceded in death by John Charles Garverick, his life partner of more than ûfty years. Memorial gifts in Michael9s name may be made to the Music Department at Grace Episcopal Church, Alexandria, VA. A memorial service will be held at Grace Episcopal Church (3601 Russell Road Alexandria, VA 22305) on Monday, May 8, 2023 at 1:30 p.m. Michael9s ûnal resting place will be at Glen Cemetery in Sidney, OH. DEATH NOTICE HIGH CARL EDWARD HIGH Carl E. High9s earthly journey ended on Monday, April 17, 2023. He is survived by a very devoted sister Dr. Beverly High Wallace, niece Jeneé Wallace and grand niece Jhadis Wallace, and a host of family and friends. He was predeceased in death by his parents Mr. Edward and Edna High. Carl was a graduate of McKinley Tech High School, Class of 1959. After Carl was honorably discharged from the U.S. Air Force, he became a Draftsman for various ûrms. One of Carl9s greatest accomplishments was becoming the ûrst black Airport Planner for American Airlines. Carl traveled extensively between New York City, Puerto Rico and San Francisco. Family will receive friends and visitors at Sargent Memorial Presbyterian Church, 5109 Nannie Helen Borough Ave. NE Washington, DC on Wednesday, May 10, 2023. Viewing will be held from 9 a.m. until hour of service at 10 a.m. A processional will form in front of the church at 11:30 a.m. and will proceed to Fort Lincoln Cemetery for a Grave Side Service ending at 12:30 p.m. MASKS ARE REQUIRED MAGZANIAN LOUISA V. MAGZANIAN Louisa V. Magzanian passed away on Friday, April 28, 2023. She was born in Syria on May 19, 1942 to the late Victoria Chaparian and Samuel Magzanian. Beloved wife of Richard Furno; Devoted mother of Alex Furno (wife, Jeanel Drake); Cherished grandmother of Sam and Delûna Furno; step-mother of Kimberly Kelly Konstan; and loving sister of Alberta and the late Anna Magzanian. A celebration of her life is being planned. In lieu of ûowers, contributions may be made to Doctors Without Borders (www.doctorswithoutborders. org). For full obituary, please visit: www.PumphreyFuneralHome.com GILBERT RICHARD KEITH GILBERT Richard Keith Gilbert, criminal defense attorney, adventurer, friend, died at 74 in Washington, DC, on September 27, 2022. The cause was metastatic melanoma of the brain. Rich loved family, friends, travel, running with the bulls in Pamplona, politics, city living, DC sports, beer, and the pursuit of justice. Rich was born in Wiesbaden, Germany, the oldest son of Frances Keith Gilbert and Air Force Brigadier General Raymond Gilbert, while his father was ûying in the Berlin airlift after World War II. Rich completed high school in Albuquerque, NM. A graduate of Vanderbilt University (1970) and the Georgetown University Law Center (1978), he also served eight years active duty in the Army as an infantry ofûcer in Berlin and a JAG ofûcer in Stuttgart. He retired as a Lieutenant Colonel from the Army Reserves in 1998. He returned to Washington in 1982, and for 40 years, was a sole practitioner specializing in criminal defense. Most of his cases were court-appointed. His love of the drama and challenges of trial law was bolstered by his passionate belief that every client deserved a vigorous defender. When he moved his energies to Federal Court, he defended clients accused of drug trafûcking who were transported from Latin America to the U.S. for trial. He learned Spanish to communicate with clients and their families. Rich also devoted time to working with the legal community. He was a founding member of the Mid-Atlantic Innocence Project, which investigates claims of wrongful conviction, served on its board, chaired its student groups committee, and advised its student group at Georgetown University Law Center. As an adjunct professor, he taught a course on wrongful convictions at the Washington College of Law at American University. He served on the Board of Directors of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers and on the Council for Court Excellence. He served as president of the DC Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers and chaired its legislative committee. In that capacity, he testiûed before the DC Council on legislation affecting criminal justice, including the ûrst statute nationwide that required the recording of police interrogations in their entirety. He worked with the Redbook Committee to draft standard jury instructions used in local and federal courts. The community has lost a champion for legal justice. His friends and family have lost his innate optimism, his Friday night gatherings, his enthusiasm for adventure, his story telling and toast recitation, his presence. Rich leaves the love of his life, Sallie Strang of Washington; his brother Tom Gilbert (Diana), niece, Naomi, and nephew Drew (Holly) of San Antonio, TX; his brother Jack Gilbert died in 2012; his uncle John Gilbert of Rockville died in March 2023; his cousin and closest friend Carol Gilbert (Joe Giampetroni) of Rockville and her siblings, Anne Gilbert (Bob Duff) and Mike Gilbert (John Borchek) all of Boston; and many additional cousins and close friends. A celebration of life took place in Washington, DC in April. Rich donated his body to Georgetown Medical School for research, and requested that his ashes be buried near his parents in Santa Fe National Cemetery in New Mexico. MAHNCKE FRANK CAMPBELL MAHNCKE Frank Campbell Mahncke died peacefully on Thursday, March 16, 2023, at age 84. He leaves behind his wife of 58 years, Frances Wiltshire Mahncke, son, Henry Mahncke (grandchildren Jasper and Ivy); daughter, Elizabeth Stephenson (grandchildren Elle and Fiona) and sister; Christina Brown of Edgartown Martha9s Vineyard. Frank grew up in Pittsburgh, PA and came to Washington, DC, after graduating from Bowdoin College with a degree in Mathematics. In Washington, he worked for the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) and then as a civilian engineer/scientist with the Naval Surface Warfare Center and the Naval Warfare Analysis Center. He earned a Masters degree in Operations Research, from American University, as well as a degree from The Naval War College in Newport RI. After retirement, just for the fun of it, he earned a degree in Military History from Norwich University in Northûeld, VT. At ACDA he traveled to Antarctica three times on inspections of Soviet and other research stations, and, in the US, observed planned destruction of nuclear and BW/CW weapons under onsite inspection treaties then being discussed with the Soviets. As a civilian employee of the Navy he was assigned as the science advisor to CINCLANTFLT in Norfolk, VA where he led the conversion of several smaller Navy vessels for use in tracking drug smugglers and earned the Navy9s Superior Civilian Service Award. Following his retirement in 2003, Frank earned a commercial driver9s license, then he and his wife tried out retired life on Martha9s Vineyard where Frank took a job driving a bus for the Martha Vineyard bus company and another working as a luggage handler at the airport assisting travelers arriving in private planes. Following their return to Washington, he worked for the Institute for Defense Analysis until his ûnal retirement in 2016. In private life, at the age of 40, with Frances9 encouragement, Frank took ûying lessons and became a private pilot, which he had wanted to do since he was a child. Frank9s ashes will be released over Chesapeake Bay where he learned to ûy and spent many happy hours. A remembrance service for friends and neighbors will be held at on May 21, at 1 p.m. at Knoll House at Knollwood Community, 6200 Oregon Ave. NW. SANDY KATHLEEN JOAN SANDY SEPTEMBER 27, 1941 - MAY 1, 2023 Kathleen Joan Sandy, 81, of Silver Spring, MD, passed away peacefully on Monday, May 1, 2023, following a long illness. A native of Archbald, PA, she was the youngest of four children of the late Howard and Margaret Dougher. Kathleen was a loving and devoted wife and mother whose life was centered around her family. She was the ultimate mom who never missed a school event, piano recitals or Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts excursions. Passionate about the environment, Kathleen loved gardening, birding, and animals, especially her beloved Shelties with whom she won many ribbons in agility trials. She also loved the arts in all of its forms and was a proliûc reader of ûction and nonûction, averaging 40-45 books a year. Kathleen was a positive, caring, and warm person with a wonderful sense of humor and very proud of her Irish heritage. She could establish rapport with anyone of any age and leaves a close circle of friends. She was employed in administrative services at the University of Maryland9s School of Architecture and the United Campus Ministries in the mid-nineties. Kathleen was a graduate of Lackawanna Junior College in Scranton, PA and also studied at the University of Maryland. She was a parishioner of St. Andrew Apostle Catholic Church in Silver Spring, MD since 1985. Kathleen is survived by her husband of 59 years, John J. Sandy, and children, Christine A. Sandy of Milford, Connecticut; Patrick G. Sandy of Bethesda, MD; a brother John Dougher of Selane, PA; and a sister Margaret Pidgeon of Jermyn, PA; and several nieces and nephews. Predeceased is her sister Ann Case of Jermyn, PA. Mass of Christian Burial will be celebrated at St. Andrew Apostle Catholic Church, 11600 Kemp Mill Road, Silver Spring, MD on Tuesday, May 9, 2023 at 10:30 a.m. Interment will follow at Gate of Heaven Cemetery. Memorial donations in memory of Kathleen Joan Sandy may be made to: ProMedica Hospice Serving Central Maryland, 12304 Baltimore Avenue, Suite A, Beltsville, MD 20705. Please view and sign the family guest book: www.PumphreyFuneralHome.com DEATH NOTICE NOBLE LOUISA NOBLE On Tuesday, May 2, 2023, LOUISA GERST NOBLE of Silver Spring, MD. Beloved wife of the late Sheldon Noble. Devoted mother of Steven (Marcia) Noble, Gene (Tracy) Noble, Renee (Michael) Lessans, Sheri (Tracy) Thompson and the late Michele (surviving, Bill) McKinley. She is also survived by many loving grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Graveside funeral services will be held on Wednesday, May 10, 2023 at 1 p.m. at King David Memorial Garden, Falls Church, VA. Please contact the family for the shiva information. Memorial contributions may be made to Friends of the Jewish Chapel, Annapolis, or the American Cancer Society. Arrangements entrusted to TORCHINSKY HEBREW FUNERAL HOME, 202-541-1001. PORTER YVONNE PORTER Yvonne Porter went home to be with The Lord on April 27, 2023. The retired DC Public School teacher is survived by one son, one daughter, two grandsons, a sister, a brother and many other relatives and friends. Her homegoing service will be held on May 11, 2023, at Zion Church in Greenbelt, Maryland. Visitation at 10 a.m., service at 11 a.m. In lieu of ûowers, consider a donation in her name to the American Kidney Fund. DEATH NOTICE DEATH NOTICE RIVENBARK WINNIE DOUGLAS RIVENBARK (Age 79) On May 3, 2023, Winnie Douglas Rivenbark of Aberdeen, passed away peacefully; devoted husband of the late Mary H. Rivenbark; cherished father of Debra Rivenbark, Donna Rivenbark, and Dawn Moody and her husband Christopher; loving grandfather of Brandon German and his wife Erica, Eric German and his wife Brandi, Shaun Joiner, and Candace Joiner; beloved great-grandfather of six; dear brother of Jackson Rivenbark, and the late Joanne, Stephen, Elaine, and Robert; and many loving family and friends. Family and friends will honor and celebrate Winnie9s life at the Evans Life Celebration Home 3 Forest Hill, 3 Newport Drive, with a visitation on Friday, May 12, 2023, from 2 to 4 p.m. and 6 to 8 p.m. Where a service will take place, Saturday, May 13, 2023, at 10 a.m. Interment at Bel Air Memorial Gardens, 809 Rock Spring Road, Bel Air, MD, 21014 to follow. In lieu of ûowers please donate in Winnie9s memory to the American Cancer Society. Memorial tributes may be sent to the family at www.evansfuneralchapel.com ROBERTS HERMAN L. ROBERTS Herman L Roberts, longtime resident of the Washington, DC area passed away peacefully at home surrounded by his family on Thursday, May 4, 2023. Services pending. Full obituary and expressions of sympathy may be viewed or submitted online at mcallister-smith.com. ROSENBLATT SANDRA ROSENBLATT On Friday, May 5, 2023. SANDRA ROSENBLATT of Washington, DC. Beloved wife of the late Irwin Rosenblatt, loving mother of Sherrie Rosenblatt and the late Alan Rosenblatt. Funeral services will be held on Monday, May 8, 2023 at 12:30 p.m. at TORCHINSKY HEBREW FUNERAL HOME, 254 Carroll St., N.W., Washington, D.C. (202-541-1001). Interment following at King David Memorial Garden, Falls Church, VA. Shiva to be announced. Memorial contributions may be made to the charity of your choice. SCHMITZ MARCIA ALLEN SCHMITZ December 25, 1945 - April 12, 2023 Marcia Allen Schmitz of Arlington, Virginia passed away on April 12, 2023 at Virginia Hospital Center (VHC) following a long illness with COPD. Born in Alliance, Ohio on Christmas Day 1945 to Ralph and Mary Allen. She was preceded in death by her parents. Marcia is survived by her cousin James Campbell and family. Marcia graduated from Alliance High School in 1963 and from Kent State University in 1967 with a double major in Political Science and Sociology. She worked for the Peace Corps and then had a career as Legislative Director for a senior member of the House on Capitol Hill. She was a member of Calvary United Methodist Church in Arlington, was active in her Gamma Phi Beta Sorority Alumni group, and several civic organizations. Marcia was an avid reader, loved crocheting, making jewelry, and participating in brunch and dinner groups. Many thanks to the ICU at VHC for their excellence and compassion. A private service will be held at a later date. STNONS JOHN P. STNONS Found his rest on Friday, April 28, 2023 at Brightview Woodburn in Annandale, VA. Born in Alexandria, VA on September 11, 1942, John was a lifelong resident of the Washington area, a graduate of St. John9s College High School in Washington, DC and LaSalle University in Philadelphia, PA, and a retiree of Navy Federal Credit Union. Preceded in death by his parents, Edward and Helen (Brady) Stnons, John is survived by his beloved wife of nearly 52 years, Patricia Carney Stnons; daughters Jennifer and Katherine Stnons of Falls Church, VA; son Matthew Stnons and his wife, Lisa, of Richmond, VA; cherished grandchildren Tyler and Hannah Stnons of Richmond, VA; cousins Elizabeth Ryan Wolf of Portland, OR and Danielle Ryan O9Reilly of Cape Coral, FL; and numerous nieces and nephews. John9s favorite place was South Bethany, DE, where he was affectionately known by neighbors as <King of the Beach!= Mass of Christian Burial at St. Philip Catholic Church, 7500 Saint Philip Court, Falls Church, VA, at 10:30 a.m. on Monday, May 15, 2023 will be followed by a gathering in Hayden Hall at St. Philip9s until 1 p.m. A private burial service will be held at Fairfax Memorial Park. In lieu of ûowers, memorial contributions may be made to The Seth Meiller Foundation 1209 Clearûeld Circle, Lutherville, MD 21093 or San Miguel School, 7705 Georgia Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20012. To share condolences with the family or for more information please visit www.murphyfuneralhomes.com WALKER MARY FRANCES WALKER Mary Frances Walker died peacefully in her sleep on April 3, 2023 at the age of 99, at Asbury Methodist Village, Gaithersburg, Maryland. She graduated valedictorian of Collierville High School class of 1941 and earned her BS degree in Math from Rhodes College in 1945. Mary Frances, nicknamed Lynne, was married for 61 years to John P. Walker II. She lived a full and rewarding life, raising two sons, John P. Walker III (Bonita Albright) and James L. Walker (Mary Sim). She had two grandchildren, Bethany L. Walker and Jonathan L. Walker, Sr. and two great grandchildren, Sidonie S. Walker-Conway and Jonathan L. Walker, Jr. She had one niece and many nephews. She was preceded in death by her younger sister, Kathryn Lynch Broderick. After her husband9s eyesight deteriorated, Mary Frances9 keen mind was put to good use, as she read to John for hours from highly technical publications so that he could carry on his work as a physicist. They continued an active lifestyle cruising on the Chesapeake Bay, skiing in Alta, UT and traveling with the Penn State Alumni. Mary Frances obtained a USCG Captain9s license, which enabled her to be Captain of their beloved sailboat, <Gusto.= They were members for many years of the Southern Maryland Sailing Association and the US Power Squadron. She and John circumnavigated the world on Gusto, as well as sailed the Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas. Following retirement, Mary Frances and John built their home on St. Inigoes Creek in Southern Maryland. A private service will be held at the Magnolia Cemetery in Collierville, TN. The family asks that in lieu of ûowers, donations may be made in Mary9s memory to her two favorite charities, St. Jude Children9s Hospital and the Asbury Methodist Village Foundation Benevolent Care Fund, 201 Russell Ave., Gaithersburg, MD 20877. Please sign the guest book at: www.DeVolFuneralHome.com DEATH NOTICE WARE JAMES WARE JR. James Ware, Jr., of Clinton, MD, died surrounded by his loved ones on Saturday, April 29, 2023, in Woodbridge, VA. He was 75. James was born on February 27, 1948, in Washington, DC, where he attended and graduated from Spingarn High School. In 1967, he married Ernestine Gray and together they had one daughter, Athena. They divorced and James re-married Theresa Cobb in 1981, and they blended their families, raising four children: Kanika (mother, Denise Mills), Dominique (father, Gerald Chan), Ayana, and Jaware. James worked as a telephone technician at Verizon, and in retirement became a real estate agent and restaurant franchisee. James was an early adopter of Veganism and dedicated his life to spiritual enlightenment through meditation. He enjoyed reading, jazz, kayaking, all forms of theatre, and traveling. A devoted father, beloved brother, caring husband, and loyal friend, James was always gracious with his time and love and will be greatly missed. James is survived by his siblings4Clara and Yusuf, his wife, daughters, son, and grandchildren. A memorial service organized by the family will be held at Friends Meeting of Washington, 2111 Decatur Place, NW, in Washington, DC, on May 12, 2023, at 12 noon. Memorial donations may be made in James9s name to the Science of Spirituality Meditation Center. WATERS TERREAN S. WATERS (Age 65) Entered into eternal rest Wednesday, April 26, 2023. Survived by mother, Sylvia Liggins; husband, Ronald Waters, Jr.; daughter, Crystal Dillahunt, two grandchildren and a host of other relatives and friends. Services will be held Wednesday, May 10, 2023 at Mt. Moriah Baptist Church, 1636 East Capitol St, NE Washington, DC 20003. Viewing 10 a.m., Service 11 a.m. Arrangements by JB Jenkins Funeral Home. ZIEGLER CAROL ZIEGLER Carol Ziegler passed away on March 17, 2023. She was born in Mobile, Alabama on September 13, 1950 and grew up in Olney, Maryland, the daughter of the late Lillian Koch Ziegler and John Bosley Ziegler, both medical doctors. Carol attended Mount Vernon Seminary and Mount Vernon College and became an illustrator for the FDA and co-owner of Highland House Antiques in Olney. She had a big heart and never met an animal she didn9t fall in love with. In addition to a menagerie of dogs and cats over the years, she rescued and raised two wild birds: a talking Starling named Jesse and a Crow named Jazzie. Carol was predeceased by her parents and two brothers, James and William. She is survived by her brother Kurt, sistersin-law, Shurleen and Carolyn, and nieces Adrienne, Valerie, and Jaclyn ... and her beloved Jazzie. A private service will be held at Mt. Olivet Cemetery, in Hanover, Pennsylvania, where her parents are buried. CEMETERY LOTS 2 cemetery plots at Judean Memorial Garden in Olney, MD, close to front at entrance. Total $6000/best. Call the deed owner 301-933-6804 Steve FAIRFAX MEMORIAL PARK - Mausoleum crypt, No. 5, Section 2, Level B, Crypt 9. Current cost $17,995. Sell for $15,000. Owner relocated. Text Laura at 210-895-5326 DEATH NOTICES MONDAY- FRIDAY 8:30 a.m. - 5 p.m. SATURDAY-SUNDAY 11 a.m. - 4 p.m. To place a notice, call: 202-334-4122 800-627-1150 ext 4-4122 EMAIL: [email protected] Email and faxes MUST include name, home address & home phone # of the responsible billing party. Email deadline - 3 p.m. daily Phone-In deadline 4 p.m. M-F 3 p.m. Sa-Su CURRENT 2023 RATES: ( PER DAY) MONDAY-SATURDAY Black & White 1" - $155 (text only) 2" - $355 (text only) 3" - $505 4" - $555 5" - $700 ------ SUNDAY Black & White 1"- $185 (text only) 2" - $390 (text only) 3" - $560 4" - $590 5" - $765 6"+ for ALL Black & White notices $155 each additional inch Mon - Sat $185 each additional inch Sunday -------------------- MONDAY-SATURDAY Color 3" - $650 4" - $700 5" - $855 ------ SUNDAY Color 3" - $685 4" - $785 5" - $955 6"+ for ALL color notices $260 each additional inch Mon - Sat $290 each additional inch Sunday Notices with photos begin at 3" (All photos add 2" to your notice.) ALL NOTICES MUST BE PREPAID MEMORIAL PLAQUES: All notices over 2" include complimentary memorial plaque Additional plaques start at $26 each and may be ordered. All Paid Death Notices appear on our website through www.legacy.com LEGACY.COM Included in all death notices Optional for In Memoriams PLEASE NOTE: Notices must be placed via phone or email. Photos must be emailed. You can no longer place notices, drop off photos and make payment in person. Payment must be made via phone with debit/credit card. When the need arises, let families ond you in the Funeral Services Directory. To be seen in the Funeral Services Directory, please call paid Death Notices at 202-334-4122.

C10 EZ RE the washington post . sunday, may 7, 2023 DEATH NOTICE DEY CHRISTOPHER C. DEY August 15, 1951 3 May 3, 2023 Christopher C. Dey, 71, died peacefully on May 3, 2023 at his home in Vienna, VA. Born in New Orleans, LA, August 15, 1951, he was the son of Harold S. Dey and Janice M. Platt Dey. He graduated from Jesuit High School in 1969. That fall Christopher entered Georgetown University9s Business School, graduating with a Bachelor of Science of Business Administration, Cum Laude in May 1973. He went on to study at New York University Graduate School of Business Administration, graduating with an MBA in 1974. That same year, he began his career at PricewaterhouseCoopers, where he worked as a Senior Accountant on many audit assignments until 1980 when he joined Merrill-Lynch & Co. On October 4, 1980, Christopher married Sharon L. Brown of Montclair, NJ at St James Roman Catholic Church in Camden, ME. They resided in Manhattan and moved to Bronxville, NY, in 1986. In 1990, they relocated to Vienna, VA. In June of 1992, Christopher assumed the role of Chief Financial Ofûcer at the U.S. Senate Ofûce of the Sergeant at Arms, a position he held until his retirement in August of 2017, with 25 years of service. He also served as the Chairman of the Board of the U.S. Senate Federal Credit Union, a responsibility he held in high regard. He would continue to serve on the Board until his death. Despite growing up in the South and living on the East Coast, Christopher loved the American West since the days of his childhood. He and his children shared fond memories of trips to Yellowstone, Grand Teton, Monument Valley, and the list goes on. He asked to have his ashes scattered at the Grand Canyon. Christopher is survived by Sharon Dey, his former wife, and their daughter Margo Bailey and her husband Lawrence Bailey of Washington, DC and their son Chris Dey and his wife Kathryn Dey of Denver, CO. Chris and Kathryn are expecting their ûrst daughter, Christopher9s ûrst granddaughter, in July. He is also survived by two sisters Barbara and Melanie Dey. A memorial service will be held on May 15 at 10 a.m. at Money and King Funeral Home in Vienna, Virginia. In lieu of ûowers, please consider donating to the Lustgarten Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research. www.moneyandking.com FOWLER ELIZABETH BLACKWELL FOWLER <Betsy= Betsy Fowler died peacefully on April 28, 2023. A ninth generation Virginian, Betsy was born on April 16, 1934, in Norfolk, Virginia. A 8Navy junior,9 she attended schools from Annapolis to Brussels before entering Mary Washington College. After graduation in 1955, she joined the Central Intelligence Agency where she met her husband, James Fowler. They married in 1961 at Fort Meyer, Virginia. Betsy earned Master9s Degrees in English Literature from New York University and Library Science from Columbia University. She worked in the Prince George9s County Public Library System from 1976, specializing in young adult services. After retirement in 1996, Betsy became very active in the Collingswood Garden Club and became a nationally certiûed ûower show judge. She was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution and 17th Century Colonial Dames. Betsy was also, along with her husband, a 30-year volunteer at the Washington National Cathedral. Betsy was pre-deceased by her husband Colonel (USMCR-Ret.) James Fowler, founder of the Marine Corps Marathon, and a nephew Trevor Blackwell. She is survived by her brother Lew Blackwell, sister-in-law Lynn Blackwell, and nephew Tyler Blackwell, all of California, and her goddaughter Anne Callaghan of New Mexico. She is also survived by many beloved cousins in Virginia, as well as her cherished caregivers. Betsy was a very compassionate person, and protecting animals, the environment, and those less fortunate were her favorite charitable causes. She will be interred with her husband at Arlington National Cemetery at a future date. PAIGE VIRGINIA LYON PAIGE Virginia Lyon Paige, known to her friends as <Ginny=, died peacefully at her home in Bethesda, MD on May 2, 2023 at the age of 93. Born to William and Gwendolyn Lyon in New York City, she attended the Brearley School, Shipley in Bryn Mar, PA and obtained a B.A. in French from Smith College in 1951. She attended both Shipley and Smith College on academic scholarships. After Smith, she moved to Washington, DC and worked for the CIA for 10 years. It was in Washington, DC where she met and married Henry Paige in 1957, and had their son Matthew, and daughter Ginger. The family moved to Middlebury, CT in 1969, to Pasadena, CA in 1979 and with a couple of moves in between ûnally returned to Washington, DC in 1993. After leaving the CIA, Ginny was a dedicated volunteer with Planned Parenthood, serving as a clinic volunteer and Board Member for the Washington, DC and Pasadena Chapters and very active in the Waterbury, CT Chapter. She was also very active in Smith College Alumni in both Pasadena and Washington, DC. Upon her return to Washington, DC, she was a member of the Chevy Chase Club, the Sulgrave Club and the Woman9s National Democratic Club (WNDC) and was active in programs to support environmental awareness and legislation. She enjoyed skiing, bicycling and tennis and was an avid gardener and reader. She spent her Smith Jr. Year in France which gave her a life-long interest in France, the French language and culture. She took the opportunity to travel the world. She visited Mali, Africa while her daughter Ginger was serving as a Peace Corp volunteer. She also traveled throughout Europe, South Africa, Russia and Asia, visiting China in 1983. She spent part of every summer in Ashûeld, MA, in the Paige family home. Ginny was predeceased by her husband, Henry, who died in 2013 after 56 years of marriage. Ginny is survived by her immediate family, son Mathew Paige and wife Gillian Lobkowicz of Vinalhaven, ME, daughter Ginger Paige of Laramie, WY, her ûrst cousin Lilla Lyon of Peterborough, NH and many cousins in Canada. A memorial gathering will be held in Washington, DC. The funeral service will be at St. John9s Church in Ashûeld, MA and there, she will be interred at the family plot. Contributions may be made to Planned Parenthood of Metropolitan Washington or Smith College. TURNER DR. JAMES WITCHER TURNER JR. Dr. James Witcher, Jr., age 84, passed away at home in Oakton, VA on April 29, 2023, with family by his side. The cause was Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). Jim was born in Danville, VA, June 8, 1938, to the late James Witcher Turner and Nancy Fitzgerald Turner. He is survived by his wife of 60 years, Evelyn Havens Turner, his children James Glenn Turner (Stacey) of Marco Island, FL, and Heather Turner Turton (Michael) of Atlanta, GA, four grandchildren, Allison Turner, Grant Turner (Paige), William Turton, Emma Turton, and brother, Michael Turner (Stacey). His brother, Dudley Turner, predeceased him (also by IPF). Jim graduated from Duke University, was President of Phi Kappa Sigma and Editor of The Playbill. He attended Duke University Medical School. Board Certiûed in Internal Medicine, Jim received his training at Duke and Washington University, where he was a fellow in Hematology and Chief Resident. He served in the Army 1966 to 868 and began private practice in Springûeld, VA in 1971. From 1987 to 2007 when he retired, he was a solo practitioner in Oakton. Jim was known as a thoughtful, intelligent, wise, caring and truly loved physician. Jim loved Duke basketball, and enjoyed gardening, music, art and painting, golf, dinner with friends, visits with his children and grandchildren, travel with Evelyn and returning to his grandparents9 home in Pelham, NC where he spent many happy days as a boy. He was steadfast in his faith and a member of Fairfax United Methodist Church. The family is grateful for the superb care and attention of INOVA Advanced Lung Disease Department, Drs. Whitney Brown and Steven Nathan, his Hospice nurse, Cindy Aaron RN, and many dear friends who supported Jim and Evelyn as the disease progressed over the years. A service and reception will be held in June. In lieu of ûowers, donations may be made to Fairfax United Methodist Church or the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation. The online guestbook is available at www.moneyandking.com WAND PATRICIA ANN WAND March 28, 1942~April 28, 2023 Born in 1942 to Ignatius Bernard Wand and Alice Ruth Suhr Wand, Patricia (Pat) was the third child of eight siblings. Raised on a farm in the hills of the Columbia River Gorge between Troutdale and Corbett, OR, she attended Corbett Grade School and was a member of the ûrst graduating class and student body president of Marycrest High School in Portland, OR. In childhood, Pat was a ten year 4H club member in clothing, sewing, and style revue. Her ûrst project was sewing a pair of pajamas at age nine. As a teenager she won a trip to the National 4-H Club Congress in Chicago. Upon high school graduation, she accepted an Honors Scholarship to Seattle University and after obtaining her Bachelor9s degree, immediately joined the second cohort of Peace Corp volunteers sent to Colombia, South America. While there, among many other accomplishments, she and other volunteers were instrumental in allaying fears of the villagers when JFK was assassinated. This ûrst international experience was the catalyst for a lifetime of international travel ultimately sending her to over 50 countries on all continents save Antarctica. Poetically, she passed away while traveling in Spain, her ûrst post-pandemic international trip, after suffering a catastrophic stroke. Pat9s thirst for knowledge and information led her to become a librarian where she worked in a number of libraries at institutions of higher education. This included Columbia University, University of Oregon, American University in Washington, DC, the College of Staten Island (CUNY), Wittenberg University and ended with her retirement from Zayed University in Dubai, UAE. In retirement Pat ûlled her days by sewing, traveling, spending as much time as her son would allow visiting her grandsons in Henderson, NV, and tirelessly working to establish the Museum of the Peace Corps Experience. Pat is survived by her son, Kirk Dean Silvernail, daughter-in-law, Julia Silvernail, and grandsons Tristan and Logan. She is also survived by her brothers, Jerome, Richard, and David Wand and sisters, Helen and Carolyn Eslick Donaldson as well as Sister-in-laws, Dana, Sharon, and Roberta and brother-inlaws, Gene Casciato and Charles Donaldson, numerous nieces, nephews and great nieces and great nephews. She is also survived by her friend and companion Mohsen Vakili and former husband, Francis Silvernail. She joins those that predeceased her: daughter Marjorie Lynn Silverwand, her parents, and her sisters, Ruth Wand Casciato and Dorothy Wand. A memorial service in the DC area will be held Friday, June 2 at 4 p.m. at the River Road Unitarian Universalist Congregation. Another memorial service will be held in the Portland, OR area on July 15. In lieu of ûowers please consider donating in her name to the Museum of the Peace Corps Experience. DEATH NOTICE DEATH NOTICE JUD DR. HENRY HUGO GUSTAV JUD <Hank= Dr. Henry Hugo Gustav Jud (<Hank=), 88, passed away on April 6, 2023, in Springûeld, OH. Born in Rochester, NY, the son of Henry Augustus Jud and Gertrude (Kiel) Jud, Hank earned a BS in Engineering Degree from Valparaiso University, and an MS in Electrical Engineering and a PhD with a major in Electrical Engineering at the University of Pittsburgh. He taught as an Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering at Valparaiso University, later working at IBM as a manager of electronic systems development groups for the F-15, B-1, AWACS, Space Shuttle and land based computer systems, and at Unisys Government Systems headquarters as Director of Systems Technology. His career highlights included oversight of testing the computer for the ûrst Space Shuttle (IBM), determining error range of the Minute Man Missile (Autonetics Division, North American Aviation, Inc.), and managing the electronic printing study for reengineering of the internal document printing process at International Monetary Fund headquarters, resulting in the modernized technology used to print the documents on which every decision made by the Fund is based. Hank is predeceased by his ûrst wife, Shirley (Ayers) Jud; elder sister Lois (Jud) Stein; and elder son, Paul. He is survived by Melinda (Barnhardt) Jud, his wife of 30 years; son Pastor Kevin Jud (Jeannette); daughter Carol (Chris Duda) Jud; daughter Nancy Sampson; grandchildren Caleb, Jasmine, Heather, Emma, Nicholas, and Rebecca; brother, Richard Jud; and multiple nieces and nephews. Hank delighted in telling about his family; his youthful work on the <DEW Line= Distant Early Warning radar system above the Arctic Circle; and his work with Melinda on the Design/Build of an Amissville, VA house. A Northern VA memorial service will be held at Our Saviour Lutheran Church, 6194 Dumfries Rd., Warrenton, VA 20187, Saturday, May 20, at 11 a.m. In lieu of ûowers, donations may be made to the Gammon Underground Railroad House, Springûeld, OH, or the Valparaiso University Engineering Department. See his obituary video via <Search= at MURGALO MARY V. MURGALO (Age 96) Mary V. Murgalo of Naples Florida, passed away peacefully under the care of Avow Hospice and Aston Gardens Memory Care. Mary is survived by her husband, Dr. Joseph Murgalo, her four children, Angela Connelly, Mary LaBorde (Mark), Joseph Murgalo, Jr, and Joan Heald (Rick), eight grandchildren, Lauren LaBorde, Elizabeth Connelly, Kristen Heald, Patrick Connelly, Mathew LaBorde, Emily Heald, Veronica Murgalo, Olivia Murgalo, and her sister Catherine Bellas and brother Edward Fagan. Mary was born in Brooklyn, NY to Clarence and Veronica Fagan. She attended St. Paul9s Parochial School, Bishop McDonnell Memorial High School, and St. Catherine9s School of Nursing. She met her future husband Joe while working at Holy Family Hospital. He was working in the lab while attending St. John9s Graduate School before going to Georgetown Medical School. They were introduced by a nun at the hospital who thought they would be perfect together and after 68 years of marriage, she proved to be right. Mary did a wonderful job of raising four beautiful children who were born in less than ûve years. Mary was devoted to her children and volunteered many hours at their school and the Church. After the children grew older Mary developed interests in bridge, mahjong, reading, travel, and a Manhattan before dinner. She also became president of the Ladies Auxiliary of Prince Georges County Medical Society. She truly enjoyed the company of many great friends in Brooklyn, Hillandale, Bethesda, and Naples with whom they shared many meals and travel. She had a real knack for entertaining friends and family in her home. Mary and Joe visited 48 countries together. All her family were present with Mary when she passed away. We loved her. She was anointed by Fr. Mark of St. John Evangelist Catholic Church. A Mass of Christian Burial to celebrate her life will be held at St. John the Evangelist Church in Naples on June 3, 2023 at 11 a.m. In lieu of ûowers, the family requests that donations be made to Avow Hospice of Naples for their tender care of Mary. To sign her guest register or to leave online condolences please visit www.ShikanyFuneralHome.com NORTON BARBARA LOUISE NORTON Passed away on March 25, 2023 at home in Bethesda, MD. Barbara was born June 29, 1941 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the daughter of the late William Reginald Murray and Marie Louise Bowman. She spent her early life in Lennoxville, Quebec before attending King9s Hall Compton in Quebec9s Eastern Township region where she graduated in 1959. Barbara spent a gap year attending schools in London, England and Lausanne, Switzerland. She graduated from Sir George Williams University (now Concordia) in 1969 and later obtained her Master of Arts in counseling at Bowie State University. During her 57 years of marriage to her spouse, David Clark Norton, the couple resided in Plattsburgh, NY when Clark was a USAF Ofûcer and later overseas in Naples and Genoa, Italy, and Veracruz, Mexico, where Clark served as a Foreign Service Ofûcer. Since 1979, she had resided in Bethesda. Barbara provided language arts and mathematical tutoring in DC area schools for more than 20 years, primarily to students of St. Patrick9s Episcopal Day School. After retirement, Barbara and Clark enjoyed travelling abroad. In addition to their travels, they spent vacation time at their home in Wintergreen, VA and condo in Fort Myers, FL. In addition to her husband, Barbara is survived by her son, William, his wife, Jessica, and their son, Oliver, and the Canadian families of her nieces, Karen and Deborah Scoulding, and nephew, Murray Scoulding. Her sister, Beverly Scoulding, preceded her in death. A memorial service will be held on May 11 at 11:30 a.m. at St. Columba9s Episcopal Church at 4201 Albemarle Street NW, Washington, DC 20016. Interment will be in St. Columba9s Columbarium. In lieu of ûowers, memorial contributions in honor of Barbara can be made to St. Columba9s Episcopal Church (columba.org), or Wintergreen Music (wintergreen-music.org). PATTERSON RONALD EDWARD PATTERSON Ronald Edward Patterson <Ron= died May 2, 2023. Born June 21, 1941, he was the son of the late James Lloyd and Ethel Dixon Patterson of Pulaski, VA. A graduate of Emory and Henry College (BA history), Ron received a graduate degree from George Washington University as a Scottish Rite Fellow (government). Ron9s lifelong career in the federal government began at the National Archives, moving to US Treasure Department, Internal Revenue Service, and ûnally to Ofûce of Personnel Management from which he retired in 2002. He promoted initial telework efforts and developed child care centers and wellness programs for federal employees. As founding president of Federal Globe (gay, lesbian or bisexual federal employees), Ron pioneered LGBTQ awareness in the federal workplace and received the Frank Kameny Service Award in 1993. Elected the ûrst president of the Fairlington Historical Society, he was an active participant in the Fairlington community: maintaining a pro bono website; overseeing the re- publication of Fairlington at Fifty (2003); and spearheading Fairlington9s nomination to the national and Virginia registries of historical places. After his retirement, Ron worked at the Alexandria Elections Ofûce for several years. Ron had a passion for politics, Virginia history, theater, antiques, music, and art, and supported local theater groups and artists. He was most proud of working full time for the 1968 Hubert Humphrey presidential campaign. Surviving are his partner/ spouse of 50 years, Thomas R. Corbin of Arlington, VA and his brothers Dr. James L. Patterson, Jr. of Roanoke, VA and Rev. Richard Patterson of Dublin, VA. A memorial service will be held later. Memorial contributions may be made in his memory to the Washington National Cathedral. https://cathedral.org/support/memorial-honor-gifts/ SUTLIFF ROBERT CALVIN SUTLIFF DECEMBER 8, 1937 - APRIL 7, 2023 Cal spent a life time pursuing three main passions: serving his county as a Navy submariner; using his entrepreneur skills as a pioneer in the ûeld of cable TV; earning recoognition and acclaim as a national and international champion rower. After graduating as a Company Commander from the U.S. Naval Academy, Cal served as chief engineering ofûcer on the USS Piper 409 for ûve years. He then went on to earn an MBA degree from Harvard Business School. Cal began his professional career by operating cablevision systems for two large nationally owned companies. He served as president of state and regional TV organizations. He was a pioneer entrepreneur, owning and operating his own cable systems throughout the United States. After retirement Cal began his rowing career. He won 130 gold medals in national and international competition. He rowed in both heavyweight and lightweight categories. His favorite moments were spent in his single shell on the Potomac River. Cal will be remembered for his boundless sense of curiosity. His profound knowledge included: history, astronomy, botany, wildlife, meteorology, photography, music, art, theater and ballet - just to name a few. He was an avid ûy ûsherman, an enthusiastic birdwatcher, and a devoted cat whisperer. Most of all, he will be remembered for his kindness and compassion which touched both friends and strangers alike. Undoubtely, the greatest joy in Cal9s life came from his wife, Linda, whom he met as a teenager, and his beautiful daughter, Robin. A small family memorial service will be held in June. Contributions in Cal9s honor would be welcomed at the cat sanctuary he loved: Tabby9s Place, 1100 US Hwy-202, Ringoes, NJ 08551 or the rowing program established in Cal9s name to beneût local underprivileged teenagers: Treasurer, Potomac Boat Club, 3530 Water Street NW, Washington, DC 20007. POST YOUR CONDOLENCES Now death notices on washingtonpost.com/obituaries allow you to express your sympathy with greater ease. Visit today. GHI DEATH NOTICE DEATH NOTICE HOWE MARTINA FOUNTAIN HOWE <Tina= Martina (Tina) Fountain Howe, beloved mother, grandmother, and friend passed away on May 1, 2023, at the age of 97. She passed peacefully in her home in Bethesda Maryland. Tina was born on August 19, 1925 in Savannah Georgia to her parents Noah and Ada Fountain. She grew up with her four sisters and two brothers , where she developed a strong sense of family values and a deep appreciation for the simple joys of life. Tina was known for her witty independent spirit, warm smile, and unwavering optimism that touched the lives of everyone she encountered. In the late 1940s, Tina married her beloved husband Louis W. Howe. Tragically, in 1951, Louis was killed in action during the Korean War, leaving Tina to raise their three children, twins Louis and Anne and newborn Mary, as a single mother. Despite the hardships she faced, Tina9s strength and resilience shone through as she worked tirelessly as a public school teacher to provide for her family. Lovingly referred to as <General Howe= by her students, she taught chemistry at Bethesda Chevy Chase High School for nearly three decades. Tina had an adventurous spirit, a passion for travel and a continuous pursuit of knowledge. She loved exploring new places, experiencing different cultures, and making lasting memories along the way. Tina embraced every opportunity to broaden her horizons and connect with people from all walks of life. Aside from her family and travels, Tina was an active member of St. Bartholomew Catholic Church in Bethesda. She dedicated her time and energy to various charitable organizations, always lending a helping hand to those in need. Tina was preceded in death by her husband Louis Howe, her daughter Marti (Mary) Peckham, her son Louis Howe and ûve of her six siblings. She is survived by her youngest brother John Fountain; daughter Anne Howe; granddaughter Rachael Peckham; and grandsons Jason Peckham, Ryan Peckham, Shane Howe, and Lucas Howe. She will be lovingly remembered and deeply missed by her surviving family and friends. Her memory will be cherished, and her spirit will live on in the hearts of all those who had the privilege of knowing her. Tina will be buried at West Point Cemetery, next to her husband, Louis. May her soul ûnd eternal peace, and may her legacy inspire us to embrace life with the same love and zest for adventure that she embodied. Rest in peace, Gram. KARWASINSKI MARY ELLEN WILLIAMS KARWASINSKI Mary Ellen Williams Karwasinski passed this life peacefully on April 27, 2023 at her home at Marshside Place in Nanjemoy, MD. Predeceased by her husband of 67 years, Theo Walter Karwasinski, and daughter Mary Gwynn Karwasinski Fuchs, she is survived by four daughters, Katherine (Mrs. George H.) Miles, Ann (Mrs. Terry) Page, Elizabeth (Mrs. William) Van Etten, Joan (Mrs. William D.) Zantzinger, and 12 grandchildren and ten great-grandchildren. Born in Washington, DC, she lived most of her childhood in Bryantown, MD, ûrst living with her grandparents at Boarman9s Manor, later with her parents at Boarman9s Rest. A country girl, she had many stories to tell about growing up in Bryantown and the people and animals in her life. She was an alumna of St. Mary9s High School in Bryantown and Georgetown Visitation in Washington, DC where she developed many lifelong friendships. Returning to Charles County shortly after her marriage, she lived in Forest Park, Dentsville, La Plata, and ûnally at her much-loved farm on the Nanjemoy Creek. Mary Ellen played an active role in the Charles County community for more than seventy years. She served as a correspondent for the Waldorf Leaf newspaper (later the Times Crescent), a 4-H club leader, a member of the Colonial Dames and the Charles County Garden Club. She reûected her passion for the arts as a founding board member of the Mattawoman Creek Art Center. And as her children grew up she pursued a highly successful career, becoming one of the ûrst woman real estate brokers in Charles County and founder and president of Oxford Realty. Mary Ellen will be remembered most, though, as a <people person.= She was devoted to supporting an extensive community of friends and neighbors. She took delight in helping a family ûnd their perfect home, or an artist ûnd an audience for their work. She took great joy in her family and will be always and forever be <GaGa= to her grandchildren and great grandchildren. The family will receive visitors on Monday, May 8 from 2 to 4 p.m. and 6 to 8 p.m. at Raymond Funeral Home in La Plata, MD. Funeral Mass and burial will be on Tuesday, May 9 at 11 a.m. at St. Mary9s Church and Cemetery, Bryantown, MD. In lieu of ûowers, donations may be made to Doctors Without Borders or the Mattawoman Creek Art Center in Marbury, MD. MITCHELL JAMES BENNETT MITCHELL James Bennett (Jim) Mitchell, a long-time resident of Bethesda, MD, died peacefully on April 14, 2023, at Montgomery County Hospice Casey House, at the age of 85. He was born in Ogden, UT, in 1938, and grew up in Richmond, VA, where he graduated from St. Christopher9s School in 1956. He attended Princeton University on academic scholarship, graduating Phi Beta Kappa in 1960, and was awarded a Woodrow Wilson Foundation scholarship for graduate study and attended Yale University Law School, receiving his LL.B. in 1963. His career in the federal government began in 1965 at the Federal Housing Administration (later the Department of Housing and Urban Development) in its ûrst management intern class, and his tenure at HUD was ûlled with many milestones and invaluable contributions. He served for many years as Director of the Financial Management and Policy Division there and retired in June 2014 after 49 years of service. He was member of the Westmoreland Congregational United Church of Christ, Bethesda, MD, and served on its Board of Directors of the Lincoln Westmoreland Housing project. Jim enjoyed spending time with his family, was a life-long tennis player and fan, voracious reader, defender of animals, and also enjoyed travel, art, music, musical theater, and Formula 1 racing. He is survived by his wife of 50 years, Nancy Robbins Mitchell, his daughter, Sallie Walsh Van Tassel, two granddaughters, Lilian May Van Tassel and Evelyn Ann Van Tassel, and his sister, Mary Anna Clay. He was preceded in death by his son, James Franklyn Mitchell, son-in-law, Jason Thomas Van Tassel, and parents Mildred Bennett and James Jerrigan Mitchell. A memorial service will be held on June 2, 2023, 11 a.m., at Westmoreland Congregational United Church of Christ, 1 Westmoreland Circle, Bethesda, MD. In lieu of ûowers, friends may consider memorial contributions to Montgomery Country Hospice Casey House or the Humane Society of the United States. RUSSELL VIRGINIA COLUMBINE RUSSELL Virginia Columbine Russell died at home on April 18, 2023. Virginia was born on January 17, 1930 in Columbus, Georgia, the daughter of Oscar and Giula (Chambers) Robinson. She married Lt. David C. Russell on August 7, 1948 and enjoyed a career as an Army Wife. Throughout her life she was active in various volunteer activities including Girl Scouts, Ofûcers Wives Clubs, Reston Women9s Club, and Daughters of the American Revolution. After her husband9s retirement the couple traveled widely mostly in Europe, but also in Mexico. the Caribbean and Australia while Virginia was chairman of the DAR Units Overseas Committee and later chairman of the DAR Special Events Committee. She also served as chairman of the DAR Museum Docents9 Committee. She was a member of the Vienna Presbyterian Church in Vienna, Virginia and the Army and Navy Club of Washington, DC. In her last days Virginia was embraced by her family and many friends. She was predeceased by her husband, David Carrick Russell, Col. USA Retired. She is survived by two daughters, two granddaughters and three grandchildren, as well as her bridge group and several <pseudo-daughters= whom she loved and mentored. Donations may be sent to the Vienna Presbyterian Church, 124 Park St. NE, Vienna, VA 22180 or the National Society Daughters of the American Revolution, 1776 D Street NW, Washington, DC 20006). A Celebration of her life will be held on May 22, 2023 at Vienna Presbyterian Church. WILLIAMS CHARLES MICHAEL WILLIAMS May 23, 1936 3 May 1, 2023 Charles Michael Williams (Mike) lived a full and admirable life, exemplifying his Catholic faith. Mike was born on May 23, 1936 to Mary and Rex Williams and was the eldest of three children. Raised in Washington, DC, he graduated from Gonzaga College High School (1954) and Catholic University with a degree in Electrical Engineering (1960). Mike was a founding partner of Challenger Research, Inc. in 1965 and concluded his work life as a Vice President of EG&G, Inc., retiring in 1997. Mike married Judith (Judy) Simms on September 21, 1968. He and Judy raised their three daughters in Potomac, Maryland and were active parishioners ûrst at Saint Elizabeth Catholic Church and then Saint Raphael9s Catholic Church. Mike and Judy moved to Wilmington, North Carolina in 2016. Family and friends were blessed by the presence of Mike. He lived his life humbly, dedicated to those he loved so deeply. He was benevolent and compassionate to the communities in which he interacted. Mike passed away peacefully at his home on May 1, 2023. Mike is survived by his wife of 54 years, Judy Simms, children Jane (William) Altman, Kathryn (Kevin) Traver, and Ann-Brooke (Nathaniel) Cavanaugh; grandchildren Colleen, Max, Michael, and Patrick Altman, Ben Traver, and Abby, Devon, and Will Cavanaugh. Mike was preceded in death by his sister Patricia. He is survived by his brother Joseph (Beckee); and sistersin-law, brothers-in-law, nieces and nephews. A memorial mass and celebration of life will be held in Maryland at a later time. POST YOUR CONDOLENCES Now death notices on washingtonpost.com/obituaries allow you to express your sympathy with greater ease. Visit today. GHI DEATH NOTICE