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CHAPTER 5
Advanced File System
Management
Getting the Best Out of Your
File Systems
File system management is among the first things that you do when you start using
Ubuntu Server. When you installed Ubuntu Server, you had to select a default file system.
At that time, you probably didn’t consider advanced file system options. If you didn’t, this
chapter will help you to configure those options. This chapter first provides an in-depth
look at the way a server file system is organized, so that you understand what tasks your
file system has to perform. This discussion also considers key concepts such as journaling
and indexing. Following that, you’ll learn how to tune and optimize the relevant Ubuntu
file systems.
Understanding File Systems
A file system is the structure that is used to access logical blocks on a storage device. For
Linux, different file systems are available, of which Ext2, Ext3, XFS, and, to some extent,
ReiserFS are the most important. All have in common the way in which they organize log-
ical blocks on the storage device. Another commonality is that inodes and directories play
a key role in allocating files on all four file systems. Despite these common elements, each
file system has some properties that distinguish it from the others. In this section you will
read both about the properties that all file systems have in common and about the most
important differences.
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CHAPTER 6
Network Monitoring
Knowing When It Goes Wrong
Without Watching It
As an administrator, it is your responsibility to know when things are about to go
wrong. You can, of course, go sit by your server all day and figure out if everything is going
all right, but you probably have better things to do. Nagios offers services to monitor the
network for you. In this chapter you’ll learn how to install and use Nagios.
Starting with Nagios
Nagios is a network-wide monitoring tool. In this chapter you’ll learn how to set it up
on your servers. Once it is set up, you can watch the status of servers in your network via
a web browser. Don’t want to watch a web browser all time? That’s fine, because you can
configure Nagios to send relevant security alerts to some specified users on the network if
something goes wrong. Nagios allows you to monitor local server events, such as running
out of disk space, as network events.
Before you install Nagios, make sure that you have a web server configured (you can
read more about configuring Apache Web Server in Chapter 11 of my book Beginning
Ubuntu Server Administration, from Apress) and running. Nagios uses a web interface to
show its information, so you can’t do without that. Once you have confirmed it is up and
running, install the j]ceko packages:
]lp)cap ejop]hh j]ceko. j]ceko)l hqcejo j ]ceko) ei]cao
This command installs about 40 MB of data on your server. Once that is done, you
have to complete the installation by setting up authentication. Nagios uses the file
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