1. Table of Contents (1)

GLENCOE LANGUAGE ARTS

Grammar
and Language
Workbook

GRADE 8

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

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Contents

Copyright © by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Handbook of Definitions and Rules .........................1 Unit 5 Adjectives and Adverbs
Troubleshooter ........................................................23 5.31 Adjectives ..................................................121
5.32 Articles and Proper Adjectives.................123
Part 1 Grammar ......................................................45 5.33 Comparative and
Unit 1 Subjects, Predicates, and Sentences
1.1 Kinds of Sentences: Declarative and Superlative Adjectives ..............................125
5.34 Demonstratives..........................................127
Interrogative ................................................47 5.35 Adverbs......................................................129
1.2 Kinds of Sentences: Exclamatory and 5.36 Comparative and Superlative Adverbs ....131
5.37 Using Adverbs and Adjectives .................133
Imperative....................................................49 5.38 Avoiding Double Negatives ......................135
1.3 Sentence Fragments ....................................51 Unit 5 Review ........................................................137
1.4 Subjects and Predicates: Simple and Cumulative Review: Units 1-5 ..............................138

Complete......................................................53 Unit 6 Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections
1.5 Subjects and Predicates: Compound ..........55 6.39 Prepositions and Prepositional
1.6 Simple and Compound Sentences .............57
Unit 1 Review ..........................................................59 Phrases .......................................................141
Cumulative Review .................................................60 6.40 Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions ........143
6.41 Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives
Unit 2 Nouns
2.7 Nouns: Proper and Common ......................61 and Adverbs ..............................................145
2.8 Nouns: Concrete and Abstract ...................63 6.42 Conjunctions: Coordinating and
2.9 Nouns: Compounds, Plurals,
Correlative .................................................147
and Possessives ...........................................65 6.43 Conjunctive Adverbs and Interjections....149
2.10 Nouns: Collective ........................................67 Unit 6 Review ........................................................151
2.11 Distinguishing Plurals, Possessives, and Cumulative Review: Units 1-6 ..............................152

Contractions ................................................69 Unit 7 Clauses and Complex Sentences
2.12 Appositives..................................................71 7.44 Sentences and Main Clauses ...................155
Unit 2 Review ..........................................................73 7.45 Complex Sentences and
Cumulative Review: Units 1-2 ................................74
Subordinate Clauses..................................157
Unit 3 Verbs 7.46 Adjective Clauses ......................................159
3.13 Action Verbs................................................75 7.47 Essential and Nonessential Clauses .........161
3.14 Verbs: Transitive and Intransitive ..............77 7.48 Adverb Clauses..........................................163
3.15 Verbs with Indirect Objects ........................79 7.49 Noun Clauses.............................................165
3.16 Linking Verbs and Predicate Words ..........81 Unit 7 Review ........................................................167
3.17 Present and Past Tenses..............................85 Cumulative Review: Units 1-7 ..............................168
3.18 Main Verbs and Helping Verbs...................89
3.19 Verb Forms: Present Progressive Unit 8 Verbals
8.50 Participles and Participial Phrases...........171
and Past Progressive....................................91 8.51 Gerunds and Gerund Phrases ...................175
3.20 Perfect Tenses: Present and Past ................93 8.52 Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases .............179
3.21 Expressing Future Time..............................95 Unit 8 Review ........................................................183
3.22 Active and Passive Voices ..........................97 Cumulative Review: Units 1-8 ..............................184
3.23 Irregular Verbs I...........................................99
3.24 Irregular Verbs II .......................................101 Unit 9 Subject-Verb Agreement
Unit 3 Review ........................................................105 9.53 Making Subjects and Verbs Agree ............187
Cumulative Review: Units 1-3 ..............................106 9.54 Locating the Subject..................................189
9.55 Collective Nouns and Other
Unit 4 Pronouns
4.25 Pronouns: Personal ...................................107 Special Subjects ........................................191
4.26 Pronouns and Antecedents.......................109 9.56 Indefinite Pronouns as Subjects ...............193
4.27 Using Pronouns Correctly.........................111 9.57 Agreement with Compound Subjects.......195
4.28 Pronouns: Possessive and Indefinite........113 Unit 9 Review ........................................................197
4.29 Pronouns: Reflexive and Intensive...........115 Cumulative Review: Units 1-9 ..............................198
4.30 Pronouns: Interrogative and
Unit 10 Diagraming Sentences
Demonstrative ...........................................117 10.58 Diagraming Simple Subjects
Unit 4 Review ........................................................119
Cumulative Review: Units 1-4 ..............................120 and Predicates ...........................................201

Table of Contents iii

10.59 Diagraming Direct and Indirect Part 4 Vocabulary and Spelling ...........................281 Copyright © by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Objects and Predicate Words....................203 Unit 14 Vocabulary and Spelling
14.88 Building Vocabulary: Learning
10.60 Diagraming Adjectives and Adverbs ........205
10.61 Diagraming Prepositional Phrases............207 from Context..............................................283
10.62 Diagraming Compound Sentence Parts....209 14.89 Building Vocabulary: Word Roots............285
10.63 Diagraming Compound Sentences ..........211 14.90 Building Vocabulary: Prefixes
10.64 Diagraming Complex Sentences with
and Suffixes...............................................287
Adjective or Adverb Clauses ....................213 14.91 Building Vocabulary: Synonyms and
10.65 Diagraming Noun Clauses.........................215
10.66 Diagraming Verbals ...................................217 Antonyms ..................................................289
10.67 Diagraming Infinitives ..............................219 14.92 Building Vocabulary: Homographs and
Unit 10 Review ......................................................221
Cumulative Review: Units 1-10 ............................222 Homophones .............................................291
14.93 Basic Spelling Rules I ..............................293
Part 2 Usage Glossary ...........................................225 14.94 Basic Spelling Rules II ..............................295
Unit 11 Usage Glossary Review: Building Vocabulary ..............................297
11.68 Usage: accept to a lot ................................227 Review: Basic Spelling Rules ...............................299
11.69 Usage: beside to less..................................229
11.70 Usage: formally to teach ...........................231 Part 5 Composition................................................301
11.71 Usage: leave to sit......................................233 Unit 15 Composition
11.72 Usage: than to you’re.................................235 15.95 The Writing Process: Prewriting...............303
Unit 11 Review ......................................................237 15.96 The Writing Process: Drafting...................307
Cumulative Review: Units 1-11 ............................238 15.97 The Writing Process: Revising..................311
15.98 The Writing Process: Editing ....................315
Part 3 Mechanics ...................................................241 15.99 The Writing Process: Presenting...............319
Unit 12 Capitalization 15.100 The Writing Process: Outlining ................321
12.73 Capitalization of Sentences, 15.101 Writing Effective Sentences......................323
15.102 Building Paragraphs..................................327
Quotations, and Salutations .....................243 15.103 Paragraph Ordering ...................................331
12.74 Capitalization of Names and 15.104 Personal Letters: Formal ...........................335
15.105 Personal Letters: Informal.........................337
Titles of Persons ........................................245 15.106 Business Letters: Letters of
12.75 Capitalization of Names of Places ............247
12.76 Capitalization of Other Proper Nouns Request or of Complaint ...........................339
15.107 Business Letters: Stating
and Adjectives...........................................249
Unit 12 Review ......................................................251 Your Opinion ............................................341
Cumulative Review: Units 1-12 ............................252
Index ...................................................................343
Unit 13 Punctuation
13.77 Using the Period and Other TAE Tests
Unit 1: Subjects, Predicates, and Sentences.......349
End Marks..................................................255 Unit 2: Nouns ......................................................351
13.78 Using Commas to Signal Pause Unit 3: Verbs........................................................353
Unit 4: Pronouns .................................................357
or Separation .............................................257 Unit 5: Adjectives and Adverbs..........................359
13.79 Using Commas with Clauses ...................259 Unit 6: Prepositions, Conjunctions,
13.80 Using Commas with Titles, Addresses,
and Interjections .....................................361
and Dates ...................................................261 Unit 7: Clauses and Complex Sentences ............365
13.81 Using Commas with Direct Quotes, in Unit 8: Verbals.....................................................369
Unit 9: Subject-Verb Agreement .........................371
Letters, and for Clarity ..............................263 Unit 10: Diagraming Sentences.............................373
13.82 Using Semicolons and Colons ..................265 Unit 11: Usage .......................................................375
13.83 Using Quotation Marks and Italics...........267 Unit 12: Capitalization ..........................................377
13.84 Using the Apostrophe ...............................269 Unit 13: Punctuation .............................................379
13.85 Using the Hyphen, Dash, Unit 14: Vocabulary and Spelling ........................381
Unit 15: Composition ............................................383
and Parentheses.........................................271
13.86 Using Abbreviations..................................273 Answer Key ..........................................................387
13.87 Writing Numbers.......................................275
Unit 13 Review ......................................................277
Cumulative Review: Units 1-13 ............................278

iv Grammar and Language Workbook, Grade 8