PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CANE AND SUGAR 2023 5-7 July 2023 at Asawin Grand Convention Hotel Bangkok, Thailand
Copyright © 2023 Thailand Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (TSSCT) All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in anymanner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations in a book review. Published by Thailand Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (TSSCT), in Thailand First printing, 2023. ISBN (e-book) 978-616-92761-1-1 Thailand Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (TSSCT) Agro-Industry Building 3, 4 th Floor, Room No. 3410 Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900 Thailand Email: [email protected] www.tssct.org
The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry 5-7 July 2023
CONTENTS WELCOME MESSAGE by TSSCT President 7 COMMITTEE 8 CONFERENCE PROGRAMME 10 POSTER PRESENTATION 14 ABSTRACT : PLENARY, KEYNOTE AND INVITED SPEAKERS 17 PLENARY SPEAKER: Diversification of sugarcane biorefinery process: Production of 18 biological water and dietary fibers Klanarong Sriroth 18 KN-001 KEYNOTE: Status of Sugar Industry in Fiji and Roadmap for Revival 19 Reshmi Kumari KN-002 KEYNOTE: Diversification opportunities for sugar companies amidst 20 maturing bioeconomy Arvind Chudasama O-036 INVITED SPEAKERS: Strategies for enhancing sugarcane farmers' access to 21 agricultural machinery Asst. Prof. Thanaporn Athipanyakul O-030 INVITED SPEAKERS: Production of Monascus bio-yellow pigments under 22 solid-state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse and its application in Anti-aging serum Udomlak Sukatta INVITED SPEAKERS: Biotechnological Approaches for the Value Creation of 23 By-Products Obtained from Sugarcane Industry Apichat Boontawan INVITED SPEAKERS: Update Progress on Sugarcane phytoplasma diseases in Asia 24 G.P. Rao AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM 25 AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE O-002 Evaluation of Yield and Yield Stability of U-Thong Elite Clones at Various Environments 26 O-003 Sugarcane Clones Series 2016 for Irrigated Area 32 O-004 Using the DSSAT CANEGRO model to define optimize planting area and 37 specific management of sugarcane production in Thailand. O-005 Propagation of Sugarcane Cultivar ‘Khon Kaen 3’ with Bioreactor without 45 White Leaf Disease. O-006 Possibilities for Sustainable Sugarcane Production and Environmental Conservation 46 in Thailand O-007 Development of sugarcane stubble splitter with precision liquid 47 fertilization system O-008 New Sugarcane Clones from the Selection of Drought Tolerance and Yield Potential 48 O-011 Analysis of Relationship between climate Factors and Sugarcane yield in 49 Tanegashima Island, Kagoshima, based on the farmer’s yielding data. O-016 Innovative sustainable farming practices to reduce chemical fertilizer use in 50 Thai sugarcane production and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions O-020 Allelopathic effects of sugarcane leaves: optimal extraction solvent and partial 51 separation of their potent allelopathic active fractions
CONTENTS O-022 Smart farming for sugarcane cultivation in Japan: current status and perspectives 52 O-027 Assessing cane node planting technique for saving of precious seed cane material 53 and rapid multiplication of seed cane with reduced cost at farmers’ fields in Indian subtropics O-028 Review of collaborative research projects of JIRCAS on sugarcane 54 in Thailand O-029 Stylet Penetration of Yamatotettix flavovittatus Matsumura (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) 55 on sugarcane by DC electropenetrography and scanning electron microscopy O-032 Enhancing soil fertility, reducing fertilizer costs, and boosting ratoon cane yields 62 through integrated nutrient management technology in Sa Kaeo province, Thailand O-033 Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolated from Sugarcane Shoot and Stem Borer 63 P-001 Study on Efficacy of Herbicides in Sugarcane for alternative herbicides and 71 safety crop production system 71 P-002 Evaluating the effect of imidacloprid on the feeding behavior of leafhopper 72 Matssumuratettix hiroglyphicus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) vector of sugarcane white leaf disease P-003 Analysis of Gene Expression and Biochemical Changes under Controlled Conditions 78 in Promising Sugarcane Clones Resistant to Drought P-004 Exploring “DOA Nakhon Sawan1” a High Sugar-Yielding Sugarcane Variety and 85 its Potential to Meet Growing Demand P-005 Smut Disease Reaction of the Promising Sugarcane Clones Series 2015 92 under Irrigated Condition P-006 Nitrogen Use Efficiency of the Promising Sugarcane Clones Series 2015 97 under Irrigated Condition, Suphan Buri Province P-007 The Selection of Sugarcane Promising Clones Series 2018 for Sandy to 98 Loamy Sand Soil in Thailand P-008 The Photosynthetic Parameters of Sugarcane Promising Clones in the Northeastern 99 Thailand P-009 Selection on Sugarcane Series CSB15 in Standard Yield Trial Stage (Plant Crops and 104 1st ratoon) of Sugarcane Experiment and Propagation Station Region 3 (Nakhon Ratchasima) P-011 Ethanol Production Potential for Promising Sugarcane Clone 111 P-012 Control Efficacy of Antagonistic Bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain S20A1 118 and KPS46 Against Red Rot Disease in Sugarcane P-016 groES gene diversity among sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma in Thailand 119 P-019 Amino acid changes in ATP dependent zinc metalloprotease, a protein stabilizer, in 120 SCWL phytoplasma Thai isolate in 3D structure and the potential implication P-020 Progress research on sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma 124 by BIOTEC-KU team (2020-2023) P-022 Specificity and sensitivity of sugarcane white leaf (SCWL) phytoplasma molecular 125 detection P-023 Characteristic, distribution and density of stomata, silica cell and cork cell in 126 5 cultivars of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) P-024 Sugarcane screening model for sugarcane varieties resistant to white leaf disease 127 P-025 Sugarcane-Bud Cutting Machine 133 P-027 Evaluation of Cane Yield and N, P, K Content in Leaf of 5 Sugarcane 134 Varieties Harvested by Sugarcane Harvester P-028 Nitrogen use Efficiency and Cane Yield of Interspecific Hybrids and Commercial 135 Sugarcane Genotypes Grown under Early Drought Conditions
CONTENTS P-029 Family and Progeny Genetic Variability and Family Evaluation for Fiber, CCS, 136 Cane Yield and its Components Traits Derived from Interspecific Crosses P-030 Contribution of agronomic and physiological traits to biomass of 137 a divers set of sugarcane genotypes under early season drought. P-031 Physiological responses during drought at formative growth stage of sugarcane 138 and recovery phase P-032 Diversity of leaf anatomy involves with transpiration in sugarcane backcross 1 (BC1) 139 derived from interspecific hybridization P-033 Effect of pre-emergence herbicide on weed control of sugarcane plantations in 140 Northeastern Thailand P-034 Impact of transitioning from consecutive burning to green cane harvest on 141 soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in sandy soil conditions of Thailand P-035 Precision Agriculture Platform for sugar-Industry Sustainability: 142 A Field Practice Solution SUGAR PROCESSING 144 O-O23 Mechanical Vapour Recompession (MVR) in a Philipino Sugar Factory 145 A Case Study – Part 1 O-041 Requirements for a High Pol Extraction Milling Tandem 150 P-013 Preliminary study of weight loss via billet quality cut by a chopper harvester 159 P-038 Investigating the influence of squeezing methods on NIR spectrometer measurement of 160 pol in juice S-001 Ecosorb® Multi-functional Adsorbent with Re-Use as Primary Decolorizing Process 161 in Cane Sugar Refining S-002 Demonstration of “Juicezyme” Application and Benefits for Sugar Industry 162 CO-PRODUCTS 167 O-001 Extraction and characterization of biosilica from sugarcane leaves waste and 168 its biodegradable application O-017 Production and prebiotic properties of oligofructans by Bacillus subtilis TISTR 001 169 fermentation as potential functional ingredients O-018 D-psicose synthesis using recombinant D-psicose-3-epimarase enzyme 170 O-021 Separate hydrolysis and fermentation process of sugarcane tops for bioethanol: 171 Effect of different yeasts from northern Thai liquor and commercial sources O-025 Enhancing the production of Monascus yellow pigments under solid state fermentation 172 by ultrasound assisted pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse O-031 The extraction of reducing sugars from post-harvest sugarcane waste by H2SO4 hydrolysis 173 O-038 Value addition of sugarcane bagasse in scaffold production of regenerated cellulose 177 incorporated with hydroxyapatite and silk fibroin. O-040 Development of lignin nanoparticles from sugarcane bagasse for vitamin D delivery 178 P-010 Preparation and characterization of Porous Carbon from Sugarcane Bagasse 185 P-014 Development of a bioherbicide combining allelopathy extract form plant leaves 189 with biosurfactants from Brevibacterium casei NK8 P-017 Supercritical carbon dioxide and subcritical liquefied dimethyl ether extraction of 194 policosanol from by-products of sugar mill P-018 Sustainable production of biosurfactants via bioconversion of by-products from 195 the sugarcane industry by alkaliphilic Brevibacterium casei NK8 for crop enhancement and industrial cleaning applications: a statistical optimization by CCD-RSM P-021 Oral Bioavailability Enhancement of Sugarcane Wax Policosanol Nanoemulsion 202
CONTENTS P-026 Determination of Bio Silica in Leaf Sheath of Sugarcane 203 P-036 Evaluation of cellulosic sugar from sugarcane bagasse produced by novel 210 multi-membrane integrated system for biofuel and biochemical production P-037 Evaluation of Solid Polyphenol as a Livestock Feed 211 ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT 212 O-009 Thailand's sugar industry's global value chain competitiveness and upgrading strategy. 213 O-015 Livelihood opportunity for migrants in sugarcane sector 217 O-034 An economic analysis of two baling systems for sugarcane straw collection: 218 A case study in Khon Kaen province, Thailand O-035 Sugarcane leaf management and utilizations of farmers in Khon Kaen Province, 222 Thailand O-037 Potential of bio-plastic as an alternative co-product in sugarcane industry 227 P-015 Study of economic factors affecting growth and development of sugarcane tissue 231 under the low-cost tissue culture techniques
7 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry WELCOME MESSAGE On behalf of the Thailand Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (TSSCT), It is my honor to be here to present the overview of the 2nd International Conference on Sugarcane and Sugar. The Thailand Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (TSSCT) was established in 1983 with the objective of being a medium for disseminating knowledge about sugarcane and sugar to farmers, sugar mills, sugarcane researchers, and sugar researchers. The society has a role to facilitate meetings of sugarcane and sugar technologists for networking and experience exchange. Additionally, it serves as a center for providing agricultural training and education to farmers. In the previousfew years, the TSSCT organized several meetings and training and one of them wasthe 1st International Sugar and Sugarcane Conference, which was held from July 31st to August 2nd , 2019, at the Dusit Thani Hotel Pattaya, Chonburi Province. The event was held in collaboration with the Center for Innovation and Agribusiness Research under the theme "Novel Techniques and Innovation in Cane and Sugar Industry." Recognizing the importance of the previous international conferences, the TSSCT is now organizing the 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 with the main theme "Towards BCG Economy: Smart Farm to Bio Industry." The conference aims to cover the following topics: Sugarcane Production Technology including Agricultural machinery, Farm management and human resource management, Diseases and pests’ control, Sugarcane variety development, Precision agriculture as well assmart farming. Sugar Production Technology and Biotechnology Industry and Sugar and Sugarcane Economics and Policies. This event is also a sequel to the last National Sugarcane and Sugar Conference, which was held on August 21st to 23rd, 2019, at the Sunee Grand Hotel and Convention Center, Ubon Ratchathani Province. The objectives of the conference are to provide a platform for researchers, government agencies, private sector organizations, professors,students,factories, and sugarcane farmersto presentresearch advancements and innovations in sugarcane, sugar, and related industries. It also aims to foster collaboration, set research directions, and develop sugarcane and sugar in line with national policies and current global situations. The event has received support from many following parties: 1. Faculty of Agro-Industry, Department of Biotechnology and Graduate diploma program in Sugar Technology. Kasetsart University. 2. Applied Economics Research Center, Faculty of Economics, Kasetsart University 3. National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT), which also the most important agency to provide the funding for sugar cane research in the past several years. 4. Center of Knowledge and Technology for Cane and Sugar, NRCT 5. Thai Sugar Millers Corporation Limited 6. German Agriculture Society (DLG) We also got the support from companies to become our sponsors for this event. I also really appreciated it. These are: ICHITACO. Ltd., Wellman.co.Ltd, SYNGENTA, CNH Industrial, PATPAT ENGINEERING CO., LTD., SYNTECH, Praj Industries, FOSS South East Asia, Sutech Engineering Co., Ltd., Ratchasi Fertilizer and Olaf Chemical. We also have two media partners for this conference. These are Sugar Industry International and Thai Journal of Agriculture Science. There are around 250 participants, Thai and International such as India, Japan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Germany, Indonesia, Fiji, and USA. There are 78 papers which belong to 47 oral presentations and 37 posters and cover the period of two and half days. Thank you. Associate Professor Wirat Vanichsriratana President of Thailand Society of Sugarcane Technologists (TSSCT) by TSSCT President
8 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry ORGANIZING COMMITEE SCIENTIFIC COMMITEE Assoc. Prof. Wirat Vanichsriratana Thailand Society of Sugarcane Technologists (TSSCT) Assoc. Prof. Prakit Sukyai Thailand Society of Sugarcane Technologists (TSSCT) Asst. Prof. Sarawut Rungmekarat Thailand Society of Sugarcane Technologists (TSSCT) Assoc. Prof. Sopon Uraichuen Thailand Society of Sugarcane Technologists (TSSCT) Asst. Prof. Sombat Khawprateep Thailand Society of Sugarcane Technologists (TSSCT) Asst. Prof. Thanaporn Athipanyakul Thailand Society of Sugarcane Technologists (TSSCT) Asst. Prof. Boontiwa Ninchan Thailand Society of Sugarcane Technologists (TSSCT) Asst. Prof. Thanapon Chaisan Thailand Society of Sugarcane Technologists (TSSCT) Assoc. Prof. Prakit Sukyai Thailand Society of Sugarcane Technologists (TSSCT) Asst. Prof. Sarawut Rungmekarat Thailand Society of Sugarcane Technologists (TSSCT) Asst. Prof. Sombat Khawprateep Thailand Society of Sugarcane Technologists (TSSCT) Asst. Prof. Thanaporn Athipanyakul Thailand Society of Sugarcane Technologists (TSSCT) Asst. Prof. Boontiwa Ninchan Thailand Society of Sugarcane Technologists (TSSCT) Asst. Prof. Thanapon Chaisan Thailand Society of Sugarcane Technologists (TSSCT) Asst. Prof. Tanat Uan-On Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Asst. Prof. Sumallika Morakul Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Dr. Wilawan Sintuprapa Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University
9 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry SCIENTIFIC COMMITEE Dr. Bandhita Wanikorn Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Assoc. Prof. Kitiya Vongkamjan Aurand Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Asst. Prof. Kittipong Rattanaporn Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Assoc. Prof. Massalin Nakphaichit Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Dr. Nisit Watthanasakphuban Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Assoc. Prof. Nuttakan Nitayapat Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Asst. Prof. Paiboon Tunsagool Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Assoc. Prof. Pakamon Chitprasert Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Assoc. Prof. Pramuk Parakulsuksatid Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Dr. Pruek Tangpromphan Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Assoc. Prof. Suttipun Keawsompong Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Prof. Sushil Solomon President, Society for Sugar Research &Promotion (SSRP), India Editor-in-Chief, Sugar Tech Journal (Springer) Reshmi Kumari Director for Policy, Planning & Research, Ministry of Sugar Industry, Fiji Karsten Ziebell AFC Agriculture and Finance Consultants, Germany Dr. Kenta Watanabe Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Japan Pham Hong Duong Thanh Thanh Cong – Bien Hoa JSC, Vietnam
10 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry CONFERENCE PROGRAMME The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry Day 1 (5th July 2023) Room: Asawin Ballroom A 8.00 – 9.00 Registration 9.00 – 9.30 Welcome Speech Dr. Chongrak Wachrinrat, President of Kasetsart university Overview Associate Professor Wirat Vanichsriratana, President of Thailand society of sugar cane technologists Opening Remarks Dr. Wiparat De-ong, Executive Director of National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) 9.30 – 10.00 Diversification of sugarcane biorefinery process: Production of biological water and dietary fibers Klanarong Sriroth (Kasetsart University, Thailand) 10.00 – 10.20 Coffee break Oral Presentation: Agriculture & Machinery Session Chairperson: Asst. Prof. Tanapon Chaisan 10:20 – 10:40 Update Progress on Sugarcane phytoplasma diseases in Asia G.P. Rao (Institute of Agriculture & Natural Sciences, India) 10:40 – 10:55 O-022 Smart farming for sugarcane cultivation in Japan: Current status and perspectives Kenta Watanabe (University of the Ryukyus, Japan) 10:55 – 11:10 O-006 Possibilities for Sustainable Sugarcane Production and Environmental Conservation in Thailand Khanittha Chaibandit (Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Thailand) 11:20 – 11:25 O-028 Review of collaborative research projects of JIRCAS on sugarcane in Thailand Shotaro Ando (Tropical Agriculture Research Front, Japan) 11:25 – 11:55 Ecosorb® Multi-functional Adsorbent with Re-Use, as Primary Decolorizing Process in Cane Sugar Refining Jerry Lengen (Ichita Co., Ltd.) 11:55 – 13:05 Lunch Oral Presentation: Agriculture & Machinery Session Chairperson: Dr. Kenta Watanabe 13:05 – 13:25 Invited Production of Valuable Material from Agriculture Residue Speaker Tatsuya Matsuno (Japan) 13:25 – 13:40 O-042 Increase productivity and sustainability through digital Farm Management Solutions Tobias Fausch (CIO BayWa, Germany) 13:24 – 13:55 O-016 Innovative sustainable farming practices to reduce chemical fertilizer use in Thai sugarcane production and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Jade Benois (Fairagora Asia, Thailand) 13:55 – 14:10 O-015 Livelihood opportunity for migrants in sugarcane sector Ajay Kumar (ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, India) 14:10 – 14:25 Efficacy of Trinexapac on preharvest application for increasing sugar content in Thailand Techin Teerawudtitorn, Crop Protection Technical Manager (Syngenta Crop Protection Co., Ltd.) Plenary Lecture Invited Speaker Opening Ceremony
11 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry CONFERENCE PROGRAMME The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry Day 1 (5th July 2023) Day 2 (6th July 2023) Room: Asawin Ballroom A Room: Asawin Ballroom A 14:25 – 15:15 Poster session & Coffee Break (Agriculture & Machinery, Co-products, Sugar Processing, and Other related) Oral presentation: Agriculture & Machinery Session Chairperson: Asst. Prof. Sombat Khawprateep 15:15 - 15:35 Invited Clusterfarm Project: Adoption of Smart Farming Technologies Speaker Karsten Ziebell (AFC Agriculture and Finance Consultants, Germany) 15:35 - 15:55 Invited Sustainability of sugarcane industry in Vietnam Speaker Duong Pham (Vietnam) 15:55 - 16:10 O-007 Development of sugarcane stubble splitter with precision liquid fertilization system Rattana Karoonboonyanan (Naresuan University, Thailand) 16:10 - 16:25 O-004 Using the DSSAT Canegro model to define optimize planting area and specific management of sugarcane production in Thailand. Supaporn Sukto (Department of Agriculture, Thailand) 16:25 - 16:40 O-011 Analysis of Relationship between climate Factors and Sugarcane yield in Tanegashima Island, Kagoshima, based on the farmer's yielding data. Satoshi-Nomakuchi (Kagoshima University, Japan) 16:40 - 16:55 O-027 Assessing cane node planting technique for saving of precious seed cane material and rapid multiplication of seed cane with reduced cost at farmers’ fields in Indian subtropics SN Singh (ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, India) 16:55 - 15:15 CNH Industrial Services (Thailand) Ltd. 18:00 – 20:00 Welcome Cocktail Reception at Phra Visanu (3rd Floor) Keynote Session & Economic and Management Session Chairperson: Arvind Chudasama 09:10 – 09:40 Keynote Diversification Opportunities for Sugar Companies Amidst Maturing Bioeconomy Arvind Chudasama 09:40 – 10:00 Invited Strategies for enhancing sugarcane farmers' access to agricultural machinery speaker Thanaporn Athipanyakul (Kasetsart University, Thailand) 10:00 – 10:35 Coffee Break Oral Presentation: Agriculture & Machinery Session Chairperson: Arvind Chudasama 10:35 – 10:50 O-029 Stylet Penetration of Yamatotettix flavovittatus Matsumura (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) by DC electropenetrography and scanning electron microscopy Jariya Roddee (Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand) 10:50 – 11:05 O-008 New Sugarcane Clones from the Selection of Drought Tolerance and Yield Potential Tanapon Chaisan (Kasetsart University, Thailand) 11:05 – 11:20 O-003 Sugarcane Clones Series 2016 for Irrigated Area Acharaporn Wongsuksri (Department of Agriculture, Thailand) 11:20 – 11:35 O-002 Evaluation of Yield and Yield Stability of U-Thong Elite Clones at Various Environments Piyatida Insuk (Department of Agriculture, Thailand) 11:35 – 13:05 Lunch
12 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry CONFERENCE PROGRAMME The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry Day 2 (6th July 2023) Day 2 (6th July 2023) Room: Asawin Ballroom A Room: Phra Erawan 2 (2 nd Floor) Oral presentation: Agriculture & Machinery Session Chairperson: Asst. Prof. Sarawut Rungmekarat 13:05 – 13:20 O-005 Propagation of Sugarcane Cultivar ‘Khon Kaen 3’ with Bioreactor without White Leaf Disease Peerasak Chaiprasart (Center of Excellence in Postharvest Technology, Thailand) 13:20 – 13:35 O-033 Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolated from Sugarcane Shoot and Stem Borer Siriya Kumpiro (Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Thailand) 13:35 – 13:50 O-032 Enhancing soil fertility, reducing fertilizer costs, and boosting ratoon cane yields through integrated nutrient management technology in Sa Kaeo province, Thailand Natthapol Chittamart (Kasetsart University, Thailand) 13:50 – 14:05 O-039 Innovations in Sugarcane Breeding: Enhancing Energy Cane Varieties Selection through the Rapid Measurement of Heating Value using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Arthit Phuphaphud (Khon Kaen University, Thailand) 14:05 – 15:00 Poster session & Coffee Break (Agriculture & Machinery, Co-products, Sugar Processing, and Other related) Oral Presentation: Sugar Processing Chairperson: Assoc. Prof. Wirat Vanichsriratana 15:00 – 15:30 Keynote Status of sugar industry in Fiji and roadmap for revival Reshmi Kumari (Ministry of Sugar Industry, Fiji) 15:30 – 15:45 O-010 Mechanical vapour recompression (MVR) in a philipino sugar factory Thiti Saichua (Sutech Engineering Co., Ltd., Thailand) 15:45 – 16:00 O-041 Requirements for a high pol extraction milling tandem Alan Fitzmaurice (Kimberley (HK) Trading & Consultant Co. Limited, China) Oral presentation: Economic and Management Session Chairperson: Asst. Prof. Thanaporn Athipanyakul 110:35 – 10:50 O-009 Thailand's sugar industry's global value chain competitiveness and upgrading strategy. Nuttapon Photchanaprasert (Kasetsart University, Thailand) 10:50 – 11:05 O-034 An economic analysis of two baling systems for sugarcane straw collection: A case study in Khon Kaen province, Thailand Patcharee Suriya (Khon Kaen University, Thailand) 11:05 – 11:20 O-035 Sugarcane leaf management and utilizations of farmers in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand Panatda Utaranakorn (Khon Kaen University, Thailand) Oral Presentation: Co-Products Session Chairperson: Asst. Prof. Boontiwa Ninchan 11:20 – 11:40 Invited Production of Monascus bio-yellow pigments under solid-state fermentation of Speaker sugarcane bagasse and its application in Anti-aging serum Udomlak Sukatta (Kasetsart University, Thailand) 11:40 – 11:55 O-037 Enhancing the production of Monascus yellow pigments under solid state fermentation by ultrasound assisted pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse Prapassorn Rugthaworn (Kasetsart University, Thailand) 11:55 – 13:00 Lunch
13 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry CONFERENCE PROGRAMME The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry Day 2 (6th July 2023) Day 3 (7th July 2023) Room: Phra Erawan 2 (2 nd Floor) Room: Asawin Ballroom A 13:00 – 13:15 O-001 Extraction and characterization of biosilica from sugarcane leaves waste and its biodegradable application Piyanan Boonphayak (Naresuan University, Thailand) 13:15 – 13:30 O-020 Allelopathic effects of sugarcane leaves: optimal extraction solvent and partial separation of their potent allelopathic active fractions Thanatsan Poonpaiboonpipat (Naresuan University, Thailand) 13:30 – 13:45 O-038 Value addition of sugarcane bagasse in scaffold production of regenerated cellulose incorporated with hydroxyapatite and silk fibroin. Ratchanok Khongchum (Kasetsart University, Thailand) 13:45 – 14:00 O-031 The extraction of reducing sugars from post-harvest sugarcane waste by Sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide hydrolysis Khanita Kamwilaisak (Khon Kaen University, Thailand) 14:00 – 14:15 O-018 D-psicose synthesis using recombinant D-psicose-3-epimarase enzyme. Nisit Watthanasakphuban (Kasetsart University, Thailand) 14:15 – 14:35 Poster session & Coffee Break (Agriculture & Machinery, Co-products, Sugar Processing, and Other related) Oral Presentation: Co-Products Session Chairperson: Dr. Nisit Watthanasakphuban 14:35 – 14:50 O-025 Potential of bio-plastic as an alternative co-product in sugarcane industry Chakrit Potchanasin (Kasetsart University, Thailand) 14:50 – 15:05 O-017 Production and prebiotic properties of oligofructans by Bacillus subtilis TISTR 001 fermentation as potential functional ingredients Boontiwa Ninchan (Kasetsart University, Thailand) 15:05 – 15:20 O-021 Separate hydrolysis and fermentation process of sugarcane tops for bioethanol: Effect of different yeasts from northern Thai liquor fermentation and commercial Ukrit Samaksaman (Naresuan university, Thailand) 15:20 – 15:35 O-040 Development of lignin nanoparticles from sugarcane bagasse for vitamin D delivery Ekabhop Arunmas (Kasetsart University, Thailand) Special session: Sustainability of Cane and Sugar Industries Chairperson: Assoc. Prof. Wirat Vanichsriratana 09:10 – 09:30 Sustainable of Sugar Industry. Perspective from Thailand Nutthapol Asadathorn (Baanrai Sugar Industry) 09:30 – 09:50 Biotechnological approaches for the value creation of by-products obtained from sugarcane industry Apichat Boontawan (Suranaree University of Technology) 09:50 – 10:10 Sustainability of sugar Brazil Ana Carolina Miranda Lamy (Brazil) 10:10 – 10:40 Poster session & Coffee Break (Agriculture & Machinery, Co-products, Sugar Processing, and Other related) 10:40 – 11:00 Sustainable Farming Sahajanee Thaisonthi 11:00 – 11:20 Sustainability of the sugar industry amidst the winds of climate change Thanaporn Athipanyakul (Kasetsart University) 11:20 – 11:50 Closing Ceremony 11:50 – 12:00 Lunch
14 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry POSTER PRESENTATION The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry Poster Area located in the foyer (4th Floor) Poster Title P-001 Study on Efficacy of Herbicides in Sugarcane for alternative herbicides and safety crop production system Pruchya Ekkathin (Department of Agriculture, Thailand) P-002 Evaluating the effect of imidacloprid on the feeding behavior of leafhopper Matssumuratettix hiroglyphicus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) vector of sugarcane white leaf on sugarcane Jariya Roddee (Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand) P-003 Analysis of Gene Expression and Biochemical Changes under Controlled Conditions in Promising Sugarcane Clones Resistant to Drought Weerakorn Saengsai (Khon Kaen Field Crops Research Center, Thailand) P-004 Exploring “DOA Nakhon Sawan1” a High Sugar-Yielding Sugarcane Variety and its Potential to Meet Growing Demand Nattapat Khumla (Department of Agriculture, Thailand) P-005 Smut Disease Reaction of the Promising Sugarcane Clones Series 2015 under Irrigated Condition Uraiwan Pongpayaklers (Department of Agriculture, Thailand) P-006 Nitrogen Use Efficiency of the Promising Sugarcane Clones Series 2015 under Irrigated Condition, Suphan Buri Province Wasana Wandee (Department of Agriculture, Thailand) P-007 The Selection of Sugarcane Promising Clones Series 2018 for Sandy to Loamy Sand Soil in Thailand Sangdaun Chanachai (Khon Kaen Field Crops Research Center, Thailand) P-008 The Photosynthetic Parameters of Sugarcane Promising Clones in the Northeastern Thailand Theerarat Chinnasaen (Khon Kaen Field Crops Research Center, Thailand) P-009 Selection on sugarcane series CSB15 in standard yield trail stage (plant crops and 1st ratoon) of Sugarcane Experiment and Propagation Station Region 3 (Nakhon Ratchasima) Chartchai Chotisan (Sugarcane experiment and propagation station region 3, Thailand) P-010 Preparation and characterization of Porous Carbon from Sugarcane Bagasse Parawee Pumwongpitak (Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Thailand) P-011 Ethanol Production Potential for Promising Sugarcane Clone Raweewan Chuekittisak (Field and Renewable Energy Crops Research Institute, Thailand) P-012 Control Efficacy of Antagonistic Bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain S20A1 and KPS46 against red rot disease in sugarcane Supot Kasem (Kasetsart university, Thailand) P-013 Preliminary study of weight loss via billet quality cut by a chopper harvester Sombat Khawprateep (Kasetsart University, Thailand) P-014 Development of a bioherbicide combining allelopathy extract form plant leaves with biosurfactants from Brevibacterium casei NK8 Nichakorn Kondee & Anawin Jansawang (Narasuan University, Thailand) P-015 Study of economic factors affecting growth and development of sugarcane tissue under the low-cost tissue culture techniques Jiraporn Promkunthod & Arak Tira-umphon (Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand)
15 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry POSTER PRESENTATION Poster Area located in the foyer (4th Floor) The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry Poster Title P-016 groES gene diversity among sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma in Thailand Jutatape Watcharachaiyakup (Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Thailand) P-017 Supercritical carbon dioxide and subcritical liquefied dimethyl ether extraction of policosanol from by-products of sugar mill Montana Weerawattanakorn (Naresuan University, Thailand) P-018 Sustainable production of biosurfactants via bioconversion of by-products from the sugarcane industry by alkaliphilic Brevibacterium casei NK8 for crop enhancement and industrial cleaning applications: A statistical optimization by CCD-RSM Natcha Ruamyat (Naresuan University, Thailand) P-019 Amino acid changes in ATP dependent zinc metalloprotease, a protein stabilizer, in SCWL phytoplasma Thai isolate in 2D and 3D structures Parichart Burns (National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand) P-020 Progress research on sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma by BIOTEC-KU team (2020-2023) Parichart Burns (National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand) P-021 Oral Bioavailability Enhancement of Sugarcane Wax Policosanol Nanoemulsion Phattilakon Chumnanpuen (National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand) P-022 Specificity and sensitivity of sugarcane white leaf (SCWL) phytoplasma molecular detection Pimpilai Saengmanee (Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Thailand) P-023 Characteristic, distribution and density of stomata, silica cell and cork cell in 5 cutivars of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Piyanan Thanomchat (Kasetsart University, Thailand) P-024 The sugarcane screening model for sugarcane white leaf disease resistant varieties Siriporn Donnua (Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Thailand) P-025 Sugarcane-Bud Cutting Machine Thanankorn Jaiphong (Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Thailand) P-026 Determination of Bio Silica in Leaf Sheath of Sugarcane Yupadee Paopun (Kasetsart University, Thailand) P-027 Evaluation of Cane Yield and N, P, K Content in Leaf of 5 Sugarcane Varieties Harvested by Sugarcane Harvester Patcharin Songsri (Khon Kaen University, Thailand) P-028 Nitrogen use Efficiency and Cane Yield of Interspecific Hybrids and Commercial Sugarcane Genotypes Grown under Early Drought Conditions Thanakorn Kulrat (Khon Kaen University, Thailand) P-029 Family and Progeny Genetic Variability and Family Evaluation for Fiber, CCS, Cane Yield and its Components Traits Derived from Interspecific Crosses Patcharin Songsri (Khon Kaen University, Thailand)
16 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry POSTER PRESENTATION The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry Poster Area located in the foyer (4th Floor) Poster Title P-030 Contribution of agronomic and physiological traits to biomass of a divers set of sugarcane genotypes under early season drought. Pornthiwa Khwanthaworn (Khon Kaen University, Thailand) P-031 Physiological responses during drought at formative growth stage of sugarcane and recovery phase Jidapa Khonghintaisong (Khon Kaen University, Thailand) P-032 Diversity of leaf anatomy involves with transpiration in sugarcane backcross 1 (BC1) derived from interspecific hybridization Kanlayanee Wiangwiset (Khon Kaen University, Thailand) P-033 Effect of pre-emergence herbicide on weed control of sugarcane plantations in Northeastern Thailand. Sujittra Gongka (Khon Kaen University, Thailand) P-034 Impact of transitioning from consecutive burning to green cane harvest on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in sandy soil conditions of Thailand Wanwipa Kaewpradit (Khon Kaen University, Thailand) P-035 Precision Agriculture Platform for sugar-Industry Sustainability: A Field Practice Solution Khwantri Saengprachatanarug (Khon Kaen University, Thailand) P-036 Evaluation of cellulosic sugar from sugarcane bagasse produced by novel multi-membrane integrated system for biofuel and biochemical production Buchita Penjan (Cellulosic Biomass Technology Co., Ltd., Thailand) P-037 Evaluation of Solid Polyphenol as a Livestock Feed Buchita Penjan (Cellulosic Biomass Technology Co., Ltd., Thailand) P-038 Investigating the influence of squeezing methods on NIR spectrometer measurement of pol in juice Eizo Taira (University of the Ryukyus, Japan)
17 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry PLENARY, KEYNOTE AND INVITED SPEAKERS ABSTRACT :
18 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry Klanarong Sriroth* Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro - Industry Kasetsart University, 10900, THAILAND ABSTRACT: Themain components ofsugarcane besidessaccharides arewater(ca. 70%) andfiber(13-15%). The drinking water, biological water, fruit water or potable water from sugarcane with the diversification of processes are discussed. The products from sugarcane fiber are classified in generation 1,2 and 3. The production processes including the virgin sugarcane fiber are discussed. Keyword: Sugarcane, biological water, potable water, dietary fiber, virgin sugarcane fiber PLENARY SPEAKER KEYNOTE: Diversification of sugarcane biorefinery process: Production of biological water and dietary fibers ABSTRACT : KEYNOTE SPEAKER
19 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry Reshmi Kumari Director (Planning, Policy & Research), Ministry of Sugar Industry, Level 3, Bali Towers, Toorak, Suva, Fiji *Correspondence to: P O Box 2641, Government Buildings, Suva, Fiji. [email protected] ABSTRACT: Sugarcane farming in Fiji dates to late 1800s and has made significant contribution to the growth and development of Fiji’s economy. Next to tourism the sugar industry is vital to Fiji’s economy. It provides a livelihood to approximately 20 per cent of Fiji’s population that directly and indirectly depends on the industry. However, since the past few decades the sugar industry has been facing numerous problems and challenges. Area under sugarcane had markedly reduced from 73,981 ha during 1996 to 36,734 ha during 2022, with a corresponding decline in production to 1.72 million tonnes (2022) from 4.4 million tonnes (1996) while average sugarcane productivity decreased to 47 tonnes per hectare in 2022. The yield of ratoon crops is also low (<40 tonnes per hectare). The decline in sugarcane production could be attributed to constraints pertaining to crop (multiple ratoons (8 to 10) together with biotic and abiotic stresses, lack of suitable varieties and quality seed cane material, low adoption of newly released varieties, late and prolonged planting, low level farm management that leads to low productivity and profitability of farmers), soil (deterioration in soil health due to acidity, low soil organic carbon, poor macro and micronutrients status, erosion), environment (climate change - prolonged drought, cyclones, flooding, water logging, sea water intrusion) and socio-economics (high cost of cultivation, shortage of labors, aging of farmers, poor financial status, lack of timely farm advisory services). The Fijian Government is taking concerted efforts to address these constraints. In-spite of these challenges and constraints, it is possible that the sugarcane production can be increased substantially and sustained by adopting various strategies on farm. Keyword: Fiji sugarcane industry, climate change KN-001 KEYNOTE: Status of Sugar Industry in Fiji and Roadmap for Revival ABSTRACT : KEYNOTE SPEAKER
20 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry Arvind Chudasama Editor, Sugar Industry International *Correspondence to: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Progress in industrial biotechnology over the past ten years has fuelled a new wave of innovation impacting the production of chemicals and goods for the health, agriculture, consumer and energy + materials sector. For sugar companies seeking to diversify their businesses amidst the price volatility informing the sugar market, the maturing bioeconomy proffers various opportunities. These include producing substitute petrochemicals from sugar and lignocellulosic feedstocks, and biofabrics. The sector has been led by the development of a metabolic engineering toolbox comprising omics technologies, computational systems biology, protein engineering and synthetic biology. The toolbox facilitates the engineering of a metabolic pathway in microbes to produce the desired molecule. The presentation will describe and discuss the opportunities in the high-value-low-volume sector and the underpinning technologies.” KN-002 KEYNOTE: Diversification opportunities for sugar companies amidst maturing bioeconomy ABSTRACT : KEYNOTE SPEAKER
21 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry Thanaporn Athipanyakul*1 , Chakrit Potchanasin1 , Kuntonrat Davivongs1 , Patcharee Suriya2 , Tanapon Chaisan3 , and Panatda Utraranakorn2 1 Faculty of Economics, Kasetsart University, 10900 Thailand. 2 Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand 3 Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand *Correspondence to: [email protected] Asst. Prof. Thanaporn Athipanyakul ABSTRACT: Thailand is one of the world's leading sugar exporters, the sugarcane industry, which serves as a crucial upstream for sugar industry, faces several challenges. These challenges include risks and uncertainties arising from climate vulnerability and aging workforce in the sugarcane industry. According to research conducted by Athipanyakul et al. in 2015, the average age of sugarcane farmers was only 36.72 years. However, by 2022, the average age had increased to 49.88-52.50 years (Athipanyakul, 2020). Therefore, the utilization of agricultural machinery as a substitute for human labor in sugarcane fields is an important solution, particularly in the harvesting process, which requires the use of cane cutting machines to replace manual labor. According to data from the Office of the Cane and Sugar Board (2023), it was found that the number of canes cutting machines in Thailand is as high as 4,408 units nationwide. These machines are divided into large-sized machines with a power of over 250 horsepower, accounting for 78.36% of the total number of machines. The next category is medium-sized machines with a power range between 175-250 horsepower, accounting for 19.94%. The remaining portion consists of small-sized cane cutting machines. When compared to the estimated demand for cane cutting machines in 2016, based on the study by Athipanyakul et al. (2017), it was found that the demand exceeded the actual number. However, data from the Office of the Cane and Sugar Board in 2023 indicated that farmers still have a significant demand for cane cutting machines, and they have limited access to agricultural machinery, especially cane cutting machines and certain types of machinery used in cultivation and harvesting processes. Therefore, the objective of this research is to study strategies for enhancing the management and utilization of agricultural machinery, including cane cutting machines, and the activities of sugarcane farmers in Thailand. The findings from this research can be utilized as part of policy guidelines to enhance the sugarcane industry in Thailand. O-036 INVITED SPEAKER: Strategies for enhancing sugarcane farmers' access to agricultural machinery ABSTRACT : INVITED SPEAKER
22 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry Udomlak Sukatta Udomlak Sukatta1 *, Prapassron Rugthaworn¹, Ketsaree Klinsukhon1, Lalita Khacharat¹, Surisa Sakayaroj¹, Surisa Sakayaroj¹, Thipaporn Thongkum¹, Nutthaporn Presunthiah¹, Apisara Bungarat¹ and Ekanat Reeroungchai¹ 1 Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute (KAPI), Kasetsart University *Correspondence to: Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute (KAPI), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. E-mail [email protected] ABSTRACT: This research aimed to produce ankaflavin and monascin compounds under solid-state fermentation (SSF) of sugarcane bagasse using Monascus purpureus TISTR 3003-M16. The extract powder contained high ankaflavin and monascin contents were used as the main ingredient of the anti-aging serum. From this research, the result showed that the maximum yield of ankaflavin and monascin 27.23±0.73 and 2.70±0.10 mg/g DM, respectively were achieved by solid state fermentation of M. purpureus M 16 using 60 % initial moisture of sugarcane bagasse with 0.5 % (w/w) NH4Cl as a nitrogen source and cultivated at 30 ºC for 18 days. The rich ankaflavin and monascin extract was produced through the extraction and drying process. The extract had dark red color with L*a*b* C* and h° of 19.50±0.02, 21.26±0.05, 9.32±0.04, 23.21±0.06 and 23.67± 0.04, respectively, ankaflavin, monascin, total phenolic and flavonoid content of 235.17±13.97, 25.980±1.09 mg/g DM, 129.662±4.98 mgGAE/g sample and 42.42±3.30 mgCE/g sample, respectively. In vitro antioxidant activities of the extract were determined using DPPH assay, nitric oxide ion scavenging activity and FRAP assay. The extract exhibited high free radical scavenging activities through DPPH, Nitric oxide and FRAP assays with IC50 values of 0.101±0.00 and 0.901±0.04 mg/mL, respectively, and FRAP value of 1.597.17±0.19 mmol of Fe (II)/1g sample. The skin aging-related enzyme activities: anti-elastase, anti-collagenase and anti-hyaluronidase were evaluated by using the spectrophotometric method. The result showed that rich ankaflavin and monascin extract showed potent anti-elastase, anti-collagenase and anti-hyaluronidase activities with IC50 of 183.99±14.69 mg/mL, 2.27±0.92 mg/mL and 0.20±0.02 mg/mL, respectively. The anti-aging serum contained with rich ankaflavin and monascin extract was developed. The consumer acceptant test showed that 98.00 % of consumers accepted the product and the overall like was like very much. Keyword: Monascus purpures, Yellow pigment, Sugarcane bagasse. Cosmetic, Anti-aging serum O-030 INVITED SPEAKER: Production of Monascus bio-yellow pigments under solid-state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse and its application in Anti-aging serum ABSTRACT : INVITED SPEAKER
23 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry ABSTRACT : INVITED SPEAKER Apichat Boontawan1,2,* ¹School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, ²Center of Excellent in Agricultural Product Innovation, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand *Correspondence to: School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: During sugarcane processing, various by-products are obtained including molasses, bagasse, bagasse ash, vinasse, and especially wastewater. There are also many challenging problems in storage resulting in great environmental pollution. Biotechnological approaches have emerged as powerful tools for creating value from the by-products generated by the industry. These approaches utilize advanced biotechnology techniques to transform and optimize the utilization of these by-products, leading to increased value and potential applications in various applications ranging from energy to pharmaceutical industry. Starting from the first-generation feedstock, molasses is a readily available substrate to produce various fermentation products such as alcohols, organic acids, enzymes, single cell protein, and single cell oil. Screening and molecular techniques are required to identify the isolated strain prior to further process optimization. For the second-generation feedstock, sugarcane bagasse constitutes of lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose, respectively. Pre-treatment is required to separate these components for further utilization. The major hemicellulose present in sugarcane bagasse is xylan which is a good source for the biological production of xylitol and xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS). In addition, cellulosic glucose can be produced by enzymatic hydrolysis and used for various fermentations. Biotechnological approaches also offer opportunities for wastewater management and environmental sustainability. Anaerobic digestion can be utilized to convert organic waste into biogas as a renewable energy source. Finally, the effluent can be used to produce the third-generation feedstock for biofuel and oleochemical industry from algae and oleaginous yeasts. In conclusion, biotechnological approaches have the potential to revolutionize the value creation of by-products from the sugarcane industry. From biofuel production to extraction of valuable compounds, these approaches offer innovative solutions for maximizing the economic and environmental benefits of sugarcane by-products. Continued research and development in pilot scale will further unlock the potential of biotechnology in the sugarcane industry, paving the way for a more sustainable and profitable future. Keyword: Biorefinery; Recombinant enzymes; Fermentation; Bio Processing; Pilot Plant. INVITED SPEAKER: Biotechnological Approaches for the Value Creation of By-Products Obtained from Sugarcane Industry
24 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry ABSTRACT : INVITED SPEAKER G.P. Rao Division of Plant Pathology Institute of Agriculture & Natural Sciences DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273 009, Uttar Pradesh, India Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Among sugarcane diseases, sugarcane grassy shoot (SCGS) and sugarcane white leaf (SCWL), are the most destructive diseases caused by phytoplasmas and are responsible for serious losses of millable canes in Asian countries. But the maximum incidence of the disease has been reported from India and Thailand. Although SCGS and SCWL disease show different phenotypic symptoms, they are caused by a similar strain of phytoplasma belonging to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma sacchari’(16SrXI group). They are responsible for more losses in ratoon crops in comparison to plant crops. Several leafhopper species are reported as vectors for SCGS/SCWL phytoplasmas from different Asian countries. Now, valuable molecular diagnosis tools have been developed for efficient detection of these phytoplasma strains in sugarcane. At present, these diseases are managed through heat therapy and meristem tip-based tissue culture techniques along with some agronomic practices. Selection of healthy seed from a certified seed nurseries, and quarantine regulations for sugarcane seed movement among sugarcane countries in Asia are also suggested being effective methods for disease control. Keywords: Sugarcane grassy shoot,sugarcane white leaf,Asia, Diagnosis, Novel taxonomy, Epidemiology, Management INVITED SPEAKER: Update Progress on Sugarcane phytoplasma diseases in Asia
25 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE
26 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE Piyatida Insuk1 * , Wanlee Amonpon2 , Montree Pantoo3 , and Kanchana Nukaeo1 1 Department of Agriculture, Field Crops and Energy Renewable Crops Research Institute, Suphan Buri Field Crops Research Center, Suphan Buri Province, 72160, Thailand 2 Department of Agriculture, Field Crops and Energy Renewable Crops Research Institute, Rayong Field Crops Research Center, Rayong Province, 21150, Thailand 3 Department of Agriculture, Office of Agricultural Research and Development Region 5, Phetchaburi Agricultural Research and Development Center, Phetchaburi Province, 76120, Thailand *Correspondence to: Department of Agriculture, Field Crops and Energy Renewable Crops Research Institute, Suphan Buri Field Crops Research Center, Chorakhesamphan Subdistrict, U-Thong District, Suphan Buri Province, 72160, Thailand. [email protected] ABSTRACT: Evaluation of yield stability of various environment yield trial is one important step for sugarcane selection in breeding program. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the production, to select high yield, high sugar yield and evaluate the potential and yield stability in first ratoon cane. The elite clones were 1 clone of U-Thong cane 2010 series and 7 clones of U-Thong cane 2015 series, total 8 clones, compared with Khon Kaen 3 and LK92-11 as checked varieties. Trials were conducted for 3 locations: Suphan Buri Field Crops Research Center, Rayong Field Crops Research Center and Phetchaburi Agricultural Research and Development Center. The trial wasstarted from November 2019 to January 2021. From the experimental in first ratoon cane, it was found that yield and sugar yield were highly influenced by the environment 38.05% and 54.81% respectively. While CCS was highly influenced by the variety 29.51% and yield, CCS and sugar yield were influenced by genotype by environment interaction equal to 10.17%, 11.43% and 9.15% respectively. Data analysis by GGE biplot showed that clone UT15-060 had outstanding yield and sugar yield at a level similar to Khon Kaen 3. Furthermore, the evaluation of the specific varieties and locations showed that clones UT15-060 and Khon Kaen 3 were specific to the experimental environment in terms of sugar yield. However, Khon Kaen 3 still showed the highest stability and had higher sugar yield than clone UT15-060. Keyword: sugarcane, yield and sugar yield, yield stability O-002 Evaluation of Yield and Yield Stability of U-Thong Elite Clones at Various Environments
27 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE 1. INTRODUCTION Currently, there are 58 sugar mills in Thailand, requiring more than 100 million tons of sugarcane to be crushed per year, but the total sugarcane production in the country is far less than the factory's production capacity. Situation of sugarcane, planting areas in the 2021/22 production year was 69 million hectare of cultivated areas, an increase of 1.47% from the 2020/21 production year. Sugarcane production throughout the country was 92 million tons, 25 million tons increased. It was 38 percent increased due to better distribution of rainfall than the previous year. Moreover, sugarcane prices increased farmers therefore turned to grow more sugarcane.[1] In the sugarcane breeding process, it is necessary to conduct trials ofsugarcane varietiesin the various environment in order to obtain high stable yield of sugarcane varieties. They have good adaptation in response to different environments, but the response of the species to the environment or the interaction between genetics and the environment interaction has a strong influence on estimating species stability due to different environmental conditions of each experimental site. Affecting the growth of sugarcane varieties both in terms of both quality and yield. Forcing breeders to test in many areas to get the most accurate data for decision making in selecting varieties which can choose to use good varieties and production technology suitable for the potential of each planting area. [2] GGE biplot method was developed for estimate yield stability from mean yields in several test sites of sugarcane trials were planted in different environments.[3] U-Thong sugarcane is one effective method for analyzing the yield potential of cultivars in many environments. Therefore, in this research, GGE biplot was used to evaluate yield and clone selection of U-Thong sugarcane clones. High yields of sugarcane and high sugar yield by planting tests in 3 locations with different environmental conditions will be used as information for selection of high yielding varieties with good yield stability for further evaluation. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Test area and sugarcane varieties One clone of the 2010 U-Thong clone was UT10-023 and seven clones of the U-Thong clone of the 2015 series were UT15-034, UT15-060, UT15-094, UT15-147, UT15-267, UT15-299 and UT15-337. Khon Kaen 3 and LK92-11 were used for check varieties. The 3 test sites were Suphan Buri Field Crops Research Center, Rayong Field Crops Research Center and Phetchaburi Agricultural Research and Development Center. Planting methods and management Planting spacing was 1.5x0.5 m. with 4 rows, 8 m. of row length, 24 square meter harvest area, apply fertilizer grade 15-15-15 at the rate of 312.5 kg/ha. The experiment was conducted from November 2019 to January 2022. The experiment design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Trials were conducted at Suphan Buri Field Crops Research Center during 14 January 2020 - 24 January 2022 (plant cane and first ratoon cane), Rayong Field Crops Research Center, during 28 November 2019 - 9 December 2021 (plant cane and first ratoon cane) and Phetchaburi Agricultural Research and Development Center, during 19 December 2019 - 28 January 2022. (plant cane and first ratoon cane) The planting date, germination date, fertilizing and watering, harvest date, germination percentage, number of stalks per stools, height, disease/insect infestation, flowering, brix, yield component, yield, sugar yield, commercial cane sugar (CCS) were recorded and analyzed. Sugarcane yield Sugarcane yield was collected in the middle 2 rows of each plot. Calculated assugarcane yield (ton/ha) according to the following equation: Sugarcane yield (ton/ha) = weight of sugarcane in harvest area (kg.) × area of 1 ha(10,000 sq.m.) Harvest area (sq.m.) × 1000 commercial cane sugar (CCS) Sugarcane samples were collected at harvest time in each sub-plot of every test plot for 10 stalks, choosing the oldest stalk of each stool by cutting sugarcane into stalk. The samples were then sent for CCS analysis with Automatic Saccharomat NIR at the Suphan Buri Field Crops Research Center within 48 hours after harvest. Sugar yield (tonCCS/ha) = sugarcane yield (ton/ha) × CCS 100 The mean differences were compared by Duncan's new multiple range statistical analysis. The variety stability was analyzed by the GGE biplot method by Jompuk method [4]. All statistical results were analyzed using the R-stat program version 4.2.1.
28 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Analysis of total variance of 10 clones in 3 planting areas revealed that variety, environment and interaction between variety and environment. Statistically significant effect on cane yield, CCS and sugar yield by variance in yield and sugar yield mostly influenced by the environment as a percentage of the sum of squares (%SS), 40.99%, and 60.07%, respectively. (Table 1)This is consistent with Authrapun [5] ,yield variability from varieties testing in multiple planting environments as a result of the mostly influence of the environment. CCS were influenced by the variety, as much as 29.51% and the interaction between the varieties and the environment on yield CCS and sugar yield were 10.96%, and 9.98% of the %SS respectively. (Table 1) Yield – First ratoon cane , yield of all 3 planting areas showed that the sites in Suphan Buri and Petchaburi yielded no statistical difference. As for the Rayong site, it was found that UT15-060 clone gave the highest yield of 95.4 tons/ha, which was not different from clones UT15-337, UT15-299, Khon Kaen 3, UT10-023, UT15-267 and UT15-034 that gave yields of 93.9, 93.3, 92.6, 82.0, 81.9 and 77.4 tons/ha. The clone with the highest average yield of all 3 plots was clone UT15-299 with an average yield of 117.0 tons/ha, followed by clone UT15-337 and Khon Kaen 3 with average yields of 102.9 and 101.5 tons/ha respectively. (Table 2) CCS – When considering CCS in all 3 test sites, it was found that all 3 sites had significant statistical differences. (Table 3) It was found that in Suphan Buri site, Khon Kaen 3 gave the highest CCS of 15.87, which was not different from LK92-11 which gave the CCS of 14.50.Rayong site found that LK92-11 gave the highest CCS 12.78 which was not statistical different from Khon Kaen 3, UT15-060, UT10-023 and UT15-034 which gave CCS 12.57, 11.99, 11.45 and 11.25 respectively and Phetchaburi site found that Khon Kaen 3 gave the highest CCS of 13.86, which was not different from LK92-11, UT15-034, UT15-060, UT15-267 and UT15-094, which had CCS of 12.63, 12.56, 12.27, 12.19 and 12.10 respectively. (Table 3) Clones with the highest average CCS of all 3 sites was Khon Kaen 3 with an average CCS of 14.10, followed by LK92-11, UT15-060 and UT15-034 with an average CCS of 13.30, 12.85 and 12.32 respectively. (Table 3) Sugar yield – sugar cane yield from the test site at the Suphan Buri and Phetchaburi there was no statistical different. However, the test site in Rayong was significantly different. It was found that Khon Kaen 3 and UT15-060 had the highest sugar yield of 11.56 and 11.44 tonsCCS/ha. This was not statistical different from UT10-023 and LK92-11 which gave sugar yield of 9.31 and 9.25 tonsCCS/ha respectively. (Table 4) Khon Kaen 3 had the highest average sugar yield of all 3 sites at 14.38 tonsCCS/ha, followed by LK92-11 and UT15-060, which had average sugar yield about 13.19 and 13.06 tons CCS/ha, respectively. (Table 4). Table 1 Sum of square and sum of square percentages of combined analysis of variance for yield, CCS and sugar yield of 8 cane clones and 2 cane varieties at 3 locations * Significant difference at P < 0.05, ** Significant difference at P < 0.01 df = degrees of freedom, SS = sum of squares, %SS = sum of squares percentages, CV = coefficient of variation
29 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE Table 2 Comparison cane yield of 8 U-Thong clones and 2 cane varieties (Khon Kaen 3 and LK92-11) at 3 locations Mean in the same column, followed by a common letter are not significantly difference at 5% level by DMRT ns = non significant, ** Significant difference at P <0.01 Table 3 Comparison CCS of 8 U-Thong clones and 2 cane varieties (Khon Kaen 3 and LK92-11) at 3 locations Mean in the same column, followed by a common letter are not significantly difference at 5% level by DMRT * Significant difference at P < 0.05, ** Significant difference at P <0.01 Table 4 Comparison sugar yield of 8 U-Thong clones and 2 cane varieties (Khon Kaen 3 and LK92-11) at 3 locations Mean in the same column, followed by a common letter are not significantly difference at 5% level by DMRT ns = non significant, ** Significant difference at P <0.01 Stability
30 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE Yield - Varietal stability analysis found that the ideal variety should have the main influence 1 (AXIS 1) with a high value, that is high yielding ability and the second main influence (AXIS 2) near zero (Figure 1) showing high cultivar stability. [4] The highly stable variety of sugarcane yield characteristics was UT10-023 clone but medium yield, while UT15-299 clone gave the highest yield but moderately stable. And Khon Kaen 3 gave moderate yields and was moderately stable. (Figure 1)This is consistent with Khemphia [6], concluded that Khon Kaen 3 was outstanding in sugarcane yield stability both in plant cane and first ratoon cane. CCS - From variety stability analysis, it was found that UT15-094 clone had the highest stability but low CCS, while Khon Kaen 3, LK92-11 and UT15-060 had lower stability but high CCS. (Figure 2) Sugar yield - From the variety stability analysis, it was found that the varieties with high stability and high sugar yield were LK92-11 and Khon Kaen 3. While UT15-060 clone was moderately stable and gave a high sugar yield similar to those of the two comparable varieties. (Figure 3) Figure 1 Stability of yield of 8 cane U-Thong clones and 2 cane varieties when analyzed by GGE biplot method Figure 2 Stability of CCS of 8 cane U-Thong clones and 2 cane varieties when analyzed by GGE biplot method
31 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE Figure 3 Stability of sugar yield of 8 cane U-Thong clones and 2 cane varieties when analyzed by GGE biplot method 4. CONCLUSIONS From the evaluation of 8 U-Thong sugarcane clones of sugarcane from all 3 experimental locations was found that clone UT15-299 had the highest average yield of 117.0 tons/ha. Khon Kaen 3 and LK92-11 gave highest average CCS and sugar yield of 14.10 and 13.30 respectively, for CCS and 14.38 13.19 tonsCCS/ha respectively for sugar yield. The stability of the tested clones was found that UT15-060 clone had CCS and sugar yield similar to those of the two comparison varieties, but the stability was lower than the comparison varieties. However, in terms of yield, it was found that clone UT10-023 was more stable in yield than Khon Kaen 3 but gave a lower yield. 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Thank you Assoc. Prof. Dr. Choosak Jompuk, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University. Kamphaeng Saen Campus for helping to suggest data analysis with the R-stat program and thank you to Suphan Buri Field Crops Research Center, Rayong Field Crops Research Center and Phetchaburi Agricultural Research and Development Center for supporting the area and personnel in the experiment until the research is successful. 6. REFERENCES [1] Office of The Cane and Sugar Board, 2021. Sugarcane Situation ReportYear 2021/22. Information and Communication Technology Group Strategy and Planning Division Office of the Cane and Sugar Board. Ministry of Industry. [2] Ponragdee, W., T. Sansayawichai, P. Sarawat, T. Moulanon, P. Kapetch and U. Leabwon. 2011. Khon Kaen 3 a sugarcane cultivar for the northeast. Thai Agric. Res J. 29(3): 283–301. [3] Yan, W., L.A. Hunt, Q. Sheng and Z. Szlavnics. 2000. Cultivar evaluation and mega–environment investigation based on GGE biplot. Crop Sci. 40: 597–605. [4] Jompuk, C. 2016. Analytical Method for Quantitative Genetics in Plant Breeding: Working on R. Neo Digital Co., Ltd, Bangkok. 505 pp. [5] Authrapun, J., U. Lertsuchatavanich, S. Rungmekarat, P. Rajchanu–wong, P. Promchote, W. Jindaluang, P. Duangpatra, N. Samutthong, S. Tabngeon and J. Duangpatra. 2016. Yield stability analysis of multi– environment yield trials in peanut breeding lines, pp. 430–437. In Proc. the 54th Kasetsart University Annual Conference, 2–5 February 2016. [6] Khemphia, K., Lertruthaiyothin, R., Songkrasin, A. and Rattanakritakul, Ch. 2014. Comparison of sugarcane cultivar stability by GGE analysis between cultivars and environmental conditions in plant cane and ratoon cane with grouping in test plots. Journal of Science and Technology. 3 (3) : 1–13.
32 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE Acharaporn Wongsuksri1 *, Wanlee Amoandnpon2 , Chuchat Boonsak3 ,Anuwat Chantarasuwan1 and Udomsak Duanmeesuk4 1 Department of Agriculture, Field and Renewable Energy Crops Research Institute, U-Thong, Suphanburi Province, 72160, Thailand 2 Department of Agriculture, Field and Renewable Energy Crops Research Institute, Muang, Rayong Province, 21150, Thailand 3 Department of Agriculture, Seed Research and Development Division, Muang, Lopburi Province, 15210, Thailand 4 Department of Agriculture, Office of Agricultural Research and Development Region5, Photharam, Ratchaburi Province, 70120, Thailand *Correspondence to: Department of Agriculture, Field and Renewable Energy Crops Research Institue, 159, U-Thong,Suphanburi Province, 72160, Thailand. [email protected] ABSTRACT: The use of sugarcane varieties that have been planted for a long time. Causes the Oldes varieties susceptible to disease and insects that leads down to decrease in yield. Sugarcane breeding program was the experimental research program for increasing yield, CCS, suitable for the area and for replace varieties of sugarcane that have begun to deteriorate. Standard trial of sugarcane clones series 2016 for irrigated area was a continuation of the breeding program, which will bring the elite clones that have been entered into Farm Trial. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the productivity and to select the sugarcane clones that have high yield and sugar yield similar or higher than Khon Kaen 3 or LK92-11. The experimental design was RCB for four replications. LK92-11 and Khon Kaen 3 were used as check varieties. This research was study at Suphan buri, Rayong and Chainat Field Crop Research Centers, Department of Agriculture from 2021 to 2023. The result showed that in plant cane, UT16-143 gave the highest cane yield (97.50 tons/ha-1), followed by UT10-044 (95.44 tons/ha-1). CCS (Commercial Cane Sugar), Khon Kaen 3 gave the highest CCS (14.44) followed by UT16-185 (13.17). Average sugar yield, Khon Kaen 3 gave the highest sugar yield at 13.38 tonsCCS/ha-1. Followed by UT16-185 and UT16-063 (12.37 and 11.28 tonsCCS/ha-1.), respectively. For 1st ratoon, UT16-063 gave cane yield and sugar yield the same level with KhonKaen 3 (70.63 tons/ha-1 and 9.32 tonsCCS/ha-1, respectively). Combine average of cane yields, CCS and sugar yield in plant cane and 1st ratoon across locations, the result showed that UT16-063 gave the highest cane yield (81.87 tons/ha-1), followed by UT10-044 (80.62 tons/ha-1) which the same level with KhonKaen 3 (80.00 tons/ha-1). CCS, Khon Kaen 3 gave the highest CCS (14.85), followed by UT16-145 and UT16-185 (13.42 and 13.18), respectively. Average sugar yield, Khon Kaen 3 gave the highest sugar yield at 12.00 tonsCCS/ha-1. Followed by UT16-063 (10.69 tonsCCS/ha-1). Overall, UT16-063, UT16-185, UT16-233 and UT10-044 showed higher cane yields, CCS and sugar yield than LK92-11 and sugar yield was higher than Khon Kaen 3. Thus, UT16-063 was selected as an elite cloned to be used on farm trial in sugarcane breeding program. Keyword: Sugarcane, Elite, Irrigated area, yield O-003 Sugarcane Clones Series 2016 for Irrigated Area
33 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE 1. INTRODUCTION Introduction: Sugarcane is a crop with agro-industrial importance to the economy of Thailand that has been planted for decades. Because Thailand is the world's third largest sugar exporter after Brazil and India.The sugar product could also be used for farmer, sugar mill, continuous industries and other derivatives. Sugarcane grows in the North, Central, Northeast and Eastern of Thailand on 71.25 million hectares [5]. Nowadays, the area of planting are increased because the price of sugar in the world market has been rising, encourage farmers turned to plant more sugarcane. However, the impact of climate change, resistance to diseases and insects affect to the cropping. Yields are affect by several factors such as variety, area and management. Thus, breeding program and evaluate are important in sugarcane production. Sugarcane varietal improvement for irrigated area was a research project with the objective to improve sugarcane varieties selection in order to enhance yields and CCS which not only to provide high yields, CCS but also to increase farmer’s income and for sustainable farming by using the proper varieties in the suitable area. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was carried out at three sites where difference locations used in the standard trial for irrigated area at Suphan Buri Field Crop Research Center (SFCRC)Rayong Field Crops Research Center (RFCRC) and Chainat Field Crops Research Center (CFCRC), Department of Agriculture during September 2021 to October 2024, Ten sugarcane clones were selected from preliminary trial series 2016 and 2010 as following “UT16-002, UT16-063, UT16-083, UT16-138, UT16-143, UT16-145, UT16-149, UT16-185, UT16-233 and UT10-044, with commercially cultivated varieties; LK92-11 and Khon Kaen 3 were check varieties. The experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD). Each trial had four replications and the plot size was four rows by eight meters long. The between row spacing was 1.50x0.5m. The analysis of CCS was performed at the CCS analysis laboratory at SFCRC taken eight sugarcane samples from a plot. After that, send them to the laboratory evaluated for brix. pol, purity, fiber and calculate for CCS analyze.fd Where CCS is Commercial Cane Sugar, B = Brix, P = Pol, F = Fiber 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The experiment conducted on three locations (SFCRC, RFCRC and CFCRC), two years implemented (plant cane and first ratoon). Plant cane, showed that the average cane yield and sugar yield were significant at 0.01 level and CCS was significant at 0.05 level. The result of plant cane, average cane yield that the highest average cane yield was found in UT16-143 (97.50 tons/ha-1) followed by UT10-044, UT16-233, UT16-185 and UT16-063 which gave the average cane yield were 95.44, 94.32, 93.94 and 92.82 tons/ha-1, respectively. All of these clone had the average cane yield at the same level of check variety, Khon Kaen 3 (92.69 tons/ ha-1) and higher than LK92-11 (77.69 tons/ ha-1). Also, Khon Kaen 3 gave the highest average sugar yield (13.38 tonsCCS/ha-1). However, the elite sugarcane clones UT16-185, UT16-233, UT16-063 and UT16-143 had average sugar yield (11.10-12.37 tonsCCS/ha-1) higher than LK92-11(8.17 tonsCCS/ha-1). In the part of CCS, the result show that Khon Kaen 3 gave the highest average CCS (14.44). For elite clones, UT16-185, UT16-083 and UT16-145 gave the average CCS 13.17, 12.74 and 12.45, respectively. Which these elite clones gave the average CCS higher than LK92-11(10.52). (Table 1) For first ratoon, the result show that the average cane yield, CCS and sugar yield were significant at 0.01 level. The average cane yield of UT16-063 gave the highest average cane yield (70.63 tons/ha-1) that gave the same level at Khon Kaen 3 (66.96 tons/ha-1). Follow by UT16-233 and UT10-044 that gave the average cane yield 62.50 and 62.00 tons/ha-1, respectively. And these elite clones gave the average cane yield higher than LK92-11 (47.69 tons/ ha-1). In case of CCS, Khon Kaen 3 still gave the highest average CCS (15.25) followed by UT16-145, UT16-002 and UT16-233 (13.36-13.67) which gave the average CCS higher than LK92-11(12.09). The average sugar yield, the highest average sugar yield was found in Khon Kaen 3 (10.20 tonsCCS/ha-1). Followed by elite clone UT16-063 that gave the average sugar yield at the same level of Khon Kaen 3 (9.32 tonsCCS/ha-1). The elite clone UT16-233 and UT10-044 gave the average sugar yield (8.38 and 7.63 tonsCCS/ha-1) higher than LK92-11 (5.77 tonsCCS/ha-1) (Table 2). However, the elite clone from this experiment were grown in irrigated area of all three locations had well adaptation and growth in each area. Both elite clones were outstanding part of cane yield and CCS, especially in terms of growth and good agricultural traits better than LK92-11 and Khon Kaen 3. Nevertheless, various area conditions like sandy soil condition, low soil fertility cause to cane yield decrease. While, Sugarcane cultivation in sandy soils have acidic soil reactions and low calcium and magnesium content which should be elevated with dolomite to raise the pH level of the soil [8]
34 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE About rainy season, heavy rain, flooding and winds that cause the sugarcane lodging. There was a growth delay, but not severe enough to cause the death of the cane because there are air roots. And may cause stressful conditions from flooding affecting productivity, yield components and ratooning ability [6]. Sugarcane can grows all years round but if there is flooding, it will affect the potential of sugarcane production [4]. And if flood in the early stages of growth, especially during tilling stage will affect the yield of sugarcane before harvest [3]. However, the level of damage to sugarcane caused by flooding depends on the environment, growth stages, height of water level, duration of the flood including the level of tolerance to flooding conditions of sugarcane varieties [7]. Furturemore, the table 3 shows the combine average of height, stalk diameter, stalk number, cane yields, CCS and sugar yield from sugarcane standard trial series 2016: plant cane and first ratoon at three locations (SFCRC, RFCRC and CFCRC). The result reveal that height, stalk diameter, stalk number, cane yields, CCS and sugar yield were significant at 0.01 level and the highest average height was found in UT16-138(308cm) followed by UT16-083 and UT16-233 that gave the average height at 302 and 294 cm., respectively. Whereas, Khon Kaen 3 and LK92-11 gave the average height at 266 and 262 cm, respectively. Moreover, UT16-063 gave the highest average stalk diameter 2.89 cm. Followed by UT16-138, UT16-233 and UT16-143 (2.70-2.85 cm.). While, Khon Kaen 3 and LK92-11 gave the average stalk diameter at 2.74 and 2.58 cm., respectively. UT16-145 and UT16-185 gave the highest average stalk number were 74,506 and 69,506 stalk/ha-1, respectively which were higher than Khon Kaen 3 and LK92-11(58,494 and 51,931 stalk/ha-1) Finally, the average cane yield of UT16-063 gave the highest average cane yield (81.87 ton/ha-1) follow by UT10-044 and Khon Kaen 3 at 80.62 and 80.00 tons/ha-1, respectively. CCS, Khon Kaen 3 still gave the highest average CCS (14.85). Followed by UT16-185 and UT16-233 at 13.18 and 13.04, respectively and gave the average CCS higher than LK92-11 (11.30). The average sugar yield, the average sugar yield that gave the highest average sugar yield was found in Khon Kaen 3 (12.00 tonsCCS/ha-1). Followed by elite clone UT16-063, UT16-233 and UT10-185 (9.94-10.69) and gave the average sugar yield higher than LK92-11 (7.25 tonsCCS/ha-1). Genotype (G)×Environment (E) interactions and recommended sugarcane varieties selection in planting different environment [2]. One of the major problem caused by a shortage well adapted sugarcane varieties to the growing areas [1]. From this experiment could be used four elite clones were UT16-063, UT16-185, UT16-233 and UT10-044 for enhance to the farmers who want to find the new varieties to plant instead of LK92-11. The research project still needs to continue research in order to obtain sugarcane varieties that are suitable for irrigation area, cane yield, CCS and sugar yield were higher or equivalent to Khon Kaen 3 or LK92-11. Table 1 Combine Average of Cane Yields, CCS and Sugar yield from Sugarcane Standard Trial series 2016: Plant cane, at Suphan Buri Field Crops Research Center, Rayong Field Crops Research Center and Chainat Field Crops Research Center. Means in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 1 and 5 % probability by DMRT.
35 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE Table 2 Combine Average of Cane Yields, CCS and Sugar yield from Sugarcane Standard Trial series 2016: 1st ratoon, at Suphan Buri Field Crops Research Center, Rayong Field Crops Research Center and Chainat Field Crops Research Center. Means in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 1 and 5 % probability by DMRT. Table 3 Combine Average of Height, Stalk diameter, Stalk no., Cane Yields, CCS and Sugar yield from Sugarcane Standard Trial series 2016: plant cane and 1st ratoon, at Suphan Buri Field Crops Research Center, Rayong Field Crops Research Center and Chainat Field Crops Research Center. Means in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 1 and 5 % probability by DMRT. 4. CONCLUSIONS Standard Trial of Sugarcane Clones Series 2016 for Irrigated Area, from the combine analysis of variance in plant cane and first ratoon and at three locations. It was found that UT16-063 clone had the highest average cane yield of 81.87 tons/ha-1, followed by UT10-044 clone at 80.62 tons/ha-1, which is at the same level as the Khon Kaen 3 (check variety) at 80.00 tons/ha-1. As for the CCS value, it was found that Khon Kaen 3 had the highest average CCS (14.85). However, UT16-145 and UT16-185 had CCS of 13.42 and 13.18, respectively, which was higher than LK92-11 (check varieties) at 11.30. For sugar yield, it was found that Khon Kaen 3 had the highest average sugar yield of 12.00 tonsCCS/ha-1, while UT16-063 clone had a sugar yield of tonsCCS/ha-1 tons higher than the LK92-11 (7.25 tonsCCS/ha-1). Therefore, from this experiment, four sugarcane clones could be selected as follows: UT16-063, UT16-185, UT16-233 and UT10-044.
36 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The experiment wassupported by Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI) for research budgetsupport and gratefully acknowledge the director of SFCRC, RFCRC and CFCRC, Department of Agriculture who provide aid of the place where the research experiment is conducted. In addition, we thank the all research associates and assistance of this experiment. 6. REFERENCE [1] Bissessur, D., R.A.E Tilney-Bassett, L.C.Y Lim Shin Chong, R. Domaingue, M.H.R Julien. 2000. Family x environment and genotype x environment interactions for sugarcane across two contrasting marginal environments in Mauritius. Exp. Agric.36: 101–114. [2] Bull, J.K., D.M. Hogarth, K.E. Basford. 1992. Impact of genotype x environment interaction on response to selection in sugarcane. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 32: 731–737. [3] Glaz, B. and S.E. Lingle. 2012. Flood Duration and Time of Flood Onset Effect on Recently Planted Sugarcane. Agronomy Journal. 104: 575-583. [4] Gomathi, R.,P.N. Gururaja Rao, K. Chandran, and A. Selvi. 2015. Adaptive Responses of Sugarcane to Waterlogging Stress: An Over View. Sugar Tech. 17: 325-338. [5] Office of Cane and Sugar Board. 2023. Report of Sugarcane Production in Thailand in 2022-2023. Office of Cane and Sugar Board, Ministry of Industry. Available source: https://www.ocsb.go.th/2023/reports-articles/area-yield/21623/.(June 15, 2023). [6] Pichai Butsiphum and Anuphong Wongtamee. 2022. Evaluating Yield, Yield Components, Commercial Cane Sugar, and Ratooning Ability of 14 Sugarcane Varieties Grown Under Natural Water-logged Condition in Phitsanulok Province. Journal of Agriculture 38(2): 279-292. Available source: https://li01.tci- thaijo.org/index. php/joacmu/index. (November 21, 2022). [7] Sanghera, G.S., and N.S. Jamwal. 2019. Perspective for Genetic Amelioration of Sugarcane towards Water Logged Conditions. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscienc.7: 484-502. [8] Suphakarn Luanmanee, Kobkiet Paisancharoen, Wanlee Amoandnpon, Srisuda Thippayarugs, Chayant Pakdeethai and Daorung Kongtien. 2015. Response of Sugarcane to Plant Nutrients Management in Sandy Soils: Nam Phong Soil Series at Nakhon Sawan Province. Available source: https://www.doa.go.th/plan/ wp-content/uploads/2021/03/71.1.7.pdf. (June 8, 2023).
37 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE Supaporn Sukto1 *, Chaiya Boonlert2 , Warakorn Ruankaew3 , Payuda Salabsri4 and Preecha Kapetch5 1 Uthaithani Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Agriculture, Uthaithani, 61110, Thailand 2 Nakhonsawan agricultural research and development center, Department of Agriculture, Nakhonsawan, 60190, Thailand 3 Office of Agricultural Research and Development Region 5, Department of Agriculture, Chainat, 17150, Thailand 4 Ratchaburi Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Agriculture, Ratchaburi, 70120, Thailand 5 Chingmai Field Crops Research Center, Department of Agriculture, Chingmai, 50290, Thailand *Correspondence to: Uthaithani Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Agriculture, Khao Kwang Thong, Nong Chang district, Uthaithani province, 61110, Thailand. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Thailand's sugarcane yields are highly variable due to environmental conditions and management varies depending on location. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the sustainability of Thailand's sugarcane plantations and appropriate management techniques for that production element. Thus, the simulation mapping unit was improved using the sugarcane planting area, soil groups and weather data stations in Thailand in 2019. In this research, we simulated sugarcane using the CANEGRO model, five genetically modified sugarcane cultivars, ten planting dates, and three irrigations in order to analyze the data using a decision tree method. These findings imply that the decision tree analysis can be divided into three groups: high yield (˃159.19 tons ha-1), moderate yield (39.25 to 159.19 tons ha-1), and low yield (˂39.25 tons ha-1). Furthermore, the management of water, soil, sugarcane variety, weather, and planting date (respectively) all significantly affect the quality of the finished product. The results of the investigation can then be used to determine an area that is suitable for cultivating sugarcane. The results showed that the sugarcane variety KK07-037 was suitable for planting in 4 provinces in central Thailand. Therefore, it was tested in a farmer's field along with the application of fertilizer in accordance with the findings of the soil analysis. It was found that the testing method produced the highest yields and sugar yield of plant cane as to 77.77 and 10.97 ton ha-1 (respectively), moreover, we can assign the specific management for that planting areas. This study showed how the CANEGRO model could be helpful for the assessment and management of suitable growing places in earlier times and how it could rapidly speed up a variety of yield trials and production technologies in areas with limited resources. Keyword: CANEGRO, Crop simulation model, Sugarcane, Decision tree, Yield gap analysis O-004 Using the DSSAT CANEGRO model to define optimize planting area and specific management of sugarcane production in Thailand.
38 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE 1. INTRODUCTION Sugar cane production is an important agricultural sector for Thailand's economy. Cultivation area had increased 1.74, 1.76, and 1.82 million ha in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively [1]. As the number of sugar mills increases, it is expected that the area planted with sugarcane, which is currently over 0.06 million ha, will continue to expand, and governmental policy on converting to sugarcane farms is being established unsuitable for rice areas. Thailand is expanding to sugarcane planting areas, while overall yield has not increased. Thailand produced 65.43 tons ha-1 of sugarcane yield on average in 2021, which was lowest than Australia at 155.67 tons ha-1 [2] Although the substantial variation in yield for each site and the responses of sugarcane under different situations, certain regions of Thailand have sugarcane yields more than 93.75 tons ha-1. Systems for growing crops are dependent on environmental changes, particularly climate change, both space and time are constantly changing. The impact of climate change on Thailand's sugarcane crop was investigated by Pannangpetch et al. [3]. The ECHAM4-PRECIS climate model's daily climate data from 2000 to 2200 were combined with the sugarcane model in the DSSAT software. They discovered that although the long-term average of the sugarcane production for the entire country is not significantly impacted by climate change. There is a trend for sugarcane production to increase. However, there were significant effects in some locations and times of plantation. One way to correctly predict the consequences of environmental changes is to use plant models [4]. Plant models may also be used to research the effects of water scarcity [5] and can reduce the budget and labor required for the study. Additionally, had a wide range of applications [6, 7, 8] and may be used to evaluate the impacts of nitrogen deficit [9]. As a result, the Canegro model with the availability of genetic coefficients was used to assess sugarcane productivity in Thailand under various managerial and environmental conditions. To determine an environment for sugarcane growing in Thailand and identify appropriate management strategies for the area's sugarcane farming. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Simulation mapping unit; SMU Simulation mapping unit as a geospatial information system was employed or SMU that using map the regions where sugarcane is cultivated overlaid with soil groups and weather maps to build subunits for sugarcane production, where each SMU has its own distinct weather zone and soil set. Determine the planting area of each SMU, then sort the planting area in decreasing order and select the SMU with a total planting area that is about 80% of the total planting area based on Pareto's principle. The plant model was used to simulate sugarcane production. 2.2 Canegro model for simulation of sugarcane production 2.2.1 Input data due to soil, meteorological, Plant Genetic Coefficient, and management information are necessary for simulation. 2.2.2 Simulate the production situation were used the soil data, and weather data of SMUs from 2.2.1. Genetic coefficient data of five sugarcane cultivars were used to predict the production to each SMU viz Khon Kaen 3, LK 92-11, 95-2-213, K 84-200, and KK07-037. Ten planting dates and three levels of water management were employed in Table 1. All SMUs used the same management procedures and replicated conditions without fertilizer and disease infestation. 2.2.3 Using the decision tree approach, analyze the harvested yield to determine the applicability of each SMU and the appropriate management in each SMU.
39 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE Table 1 Canegro model input data 2.3 Technological estimation Technological evaluation in four provinces in Thailand's central regions and western regions are represented due to Uthai Thani, Nakhon Sawan, Ratchaburi, and Chainat. 2.3.1 Field experiment; Five treatments as 1) Khon Kaen 3 fertilizer applied based on Farmer's Method, 2) KK07-037 fertilizer applied based on soil analysis, 3) KK07-037 biofertilizer management, 4) KK07-037 organic fertilizer management, and 5) KK07-037 to biofertilizer management and organic fertilizer management. The experiment was subjected to a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with four replications in farmer field conditions. There were 20 plots with a plot size of 10 rows that were 10 m long with a spacing of 1.5 m between rows. This research was evaluated at four locations in Uthai Thani province, Nakhon Sawan province, Ratchaburi province, and Chainat province, in 2022. In each location had two farmers in Table 2. Table 2 Farmer, field location and mean sea level (MSL) in eight farms of four provinces in Thailand, 2022. *Soil groups of sugarcane planting in the central and western region in Thailand viz 52 40 44 and 6
40 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Overlapping sugarcane fields in Thailand in 2019 totaling 1.66 million hectares on the soil group map and climatic zones were discovered to be capable of forming 201 SMUs and considering the importance of the SMU with the large area compared to the SMU with the small size, it was determined that just 40 SMUs had a total planting area of 1.34 million hectares, representing 81% of the total planted area (Table 3), with 24 soil groups (SG) (Table 3 and 4) and weather zones (Figure 1). As a result, these 40 SMUs were utilized to replicate the sugarcane production condition to determine the planting area's appropriateness (Table 4). In contrast, Suphanburi province, Khon Kaen province, and Chiang Mai province, which had a total of 12 SMUs, were different from other locations that depended on the soil group, weather zone, and management [10]. Table 3 Twenty-four soil groups were used to simulate the sugarcane SMUs in Thailand, 2022. AWC= Available water capacity, Ks = saturated hydraulic conductivity, BD= Bulk density Figure 1 Four weather zones were used to simulate the sugarcane SMUs in Central and Western regions of Thailand, 2019. SR=Sola radiation, Temp.=Temperature, 4 weather zones = Cm03, Cm04, Cm05 and Cm06
41 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE Table 4 Forty SMUs were improved in sugarcane simulation model in Thailand, 2022. Sugarcane yield simulated based on limited management in the sugarcane Thailand planting areas classified into three groups due to more than 159.19 tons ha-1 of sugarcane yield as the high yield group, between 40.50 to 159.19 tons ha-1 of sugarcane yield as the moderate yield group, and less than 40.50 tons ha-1 as the lowest yield group, according to the decision tree analysis programs, thus that has been to the standard for determining the suitable sugarcane planting areas. From the decision tree analysis suggests that water had a response and was very important to sugarcane yield, especially in the sufficient water area ; if the sugarcane received suitable water, the automatic water system can be planted in every environment and must have the opportunity to produce a high sugarcane yield, except for the 47 and 54 soil groups. During the growth season, the initial watering was 7 times and 7 days apart in water-stressed areas. In a climate with annual rainfall of 1,000-1,200 mm, which equals 89.41% of the planted area [15], cultivar KK07-037 would be inappropriate if planted under rainfed conditions. However, when grown in the 41 soil groups in rainfed locations, sugarcane has the potential to provide a high yield. The second factor is soil series, specifically 17 18 31 35 41 44 and 49 soil groups, which had an influence on high yield except for sugarcane varieties namely 95-2-213 and K95-84, which were planted on 7 soil groups, and the LK92-11 variety was planted on 17 soil groups, which had an opportunity to low yield. While all sugarcane varieties had the potential for high production when utilizing automated irrigation, unless the sugarcane was planted on 1 soil series group, the K95-84 sugarcane varieties was planted on 1 and 47 soil groups in rainfed areas with 800-1,000 and 1,200-1,400 mm. year-1 and using automatic irrigation which the sugarcane can growth and had been to high yield. Furthermore, sugarcane production was too low while planting in 1,000-2,000 mm. year-1 rainfed areas and planting in the 1 and 47 soil groups, while the 22 soil series group is inappropriate for sugarcane planting in 1,400-1,600 mm. year-1 rainfed zone (Table 4). Sugarcane planting areasin the central and western regionstotaled 836,723 hectares, with inappropriate planting sites accounting for around 50.41% of total planting areas. We could expand acceptable sugarcane planting areas by almost 414,922 hectares (equaling 49.59% of total planting areas) [16], if we had automated irrigation and additional water within the dry season. Six thousand sugarcane yield data were classified into three categories in the simulation model: high yield, moderate yield, and poor yield. Thus, the suitable sugarcane variety is all types except those planted on the 1 and 47 soil groups [11].
42 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE The simulation model summaries were utilized in field testing. There are five methods: 1) Khon Kaen3 combined to fertilizer is applied using the Farmer's Method, 2) KK07-037 combined to fertilizer application based on soil analysis, 3) KK07-037 combined to biofertilizer management, 4) KK07-037 combined to organic fertilizer management, and 5) KK07-037 combined to biofertilizer management, organic fertilizer management, moreover there were testing in 4 soil groups due to 52 40 44 and 6 soil groups in 4 province in Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Ratchaburi and Chainat. According to this study, all farmer's fields of the KK07-037 sugarcane cultivar and applied fertilizer based on soil analysis had greater sugarcane production than the other 4 treatments. Sugarcane yield was 68.88 to 90.63 tons ha-1 and an average of 77.77 tons ha-1. Furthermore, this study revealed that the farmer's field in Chainat province and 6 soil series group, and the KK07-037 sugarcane cultivar and applied to fertilizer based on soil analysis belong to Mr.Wichean Hongton had the greatest sugarcane production of at 90.63 tons ha-1 (Table 5). Almost the same with sugar yield, all farmer's fields of the KK07-037 applied fertilizer based on soil analysis had greater sugar yield than other treatments. Sugar yield was from 9.61 to 13.02 tons ha-1 and an average at 10.97 tons ha-1 (Table 6). Finally, the KK07-037 sugarcane cultivar was fitted for planting when combined with fertilizer based on soil analysis. Although the sugarcane cultivar KK07-037 grew faster and taller than Khon Kaen 3. KK07-037 whole stalk was fell near harvest. There were important problems in this cultivar during harvest. Table 5 The sugarcane yield on farmer’s field in 4 provinces and 4 soil groups in Thailand, 2022 T1= Khon Kaen3 of sugarcane cultivar and combined to fertilizer is applied using the Farmer's Method T2= KK07-037 of sugarcane cultivar and combined to Fertilizer application based on soil analysis T3= KK07-037 of sugarcane cultivar and combined to biofertilizer management T4= KK07-037 of sugarcane cultivar and combined to organic fertilizer management T5= KK07-037 of sugarcane cultivar and combined to biofertilizer management and organic fertilizer management *, ** significant at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively. Means followed by different letters within the same row are significantly different based on LSD at p ≤ 0.05. 4. CONCLUSIONS The environment for growing sugarcane in the Central Thailand can be divide into 40 environments. Sugarcane cultivar KK07-037 was selected for plantation and combined with fertilizer application based on soil analysis. However, the Khon Kaen3 still using and important in Chainat and Nakhon Sawan provinces. Although the sugarcane cultivar KK07-037 grew higher and taller than Khon Kaen 3, the farmers discovered that this cultivar had fallen trees near harvest, presenting impediments and problems in harvesting. As a result, farmers are uninterested in employing the next type. 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The research was financially supported by the Thailand Science Research and Innovation. The authors would like to thank many organizations in Thailand, including the Uthai Thani Agricultural Research and Development Center, Nakhon Sawan Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ratchaburi Agricultural Research and Development Center, Office of Agricultural Research and Development Region 5, and Department of Agriculture (DOA), Thailand, for providing plant materials and research facilities.
43 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE Table 6 Sugar yield of farmer’s field in 4 provinces and 4 soil groups in Thailand, 2022 T1= Khon Kaen3 of sugarcane cultivar and combined to fertilizer is applied using the Farmer's Method T2= KK07-037 of sugarcane cultivar and combined to Fertilizer application based on soil analysis T3= KK07-037 of sugarcane cultivar and combined to biofertilizer management T4= KK07-037 of sugarcane cultivar and combined to organic fertilizer management T5= KK07-037 of sugarcane cultivar and combined to biofertilizer management and organic fertilizer management *, ** significant at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively. Means followed by different letters within the same row are significantly different based on LSD at p ≤ 0.05. 6. REFERENCES [1] Office of The Cane and Sugar Board. 2023. Report on a Sugarcane Plantation in 2020-2022. Available online: www.ocsb.go.th/2023/reports-articles/area-yield/18454/ (accessed on 11 March 2023). [2] Department of Primary Industry. 2022. Cropping Sugarcane, NSW Government. Available online: www.dpi. nsw.gov.au/about-us/publications/pdi/2022/sugarcane. (accessed on 19 June 2023). [3] Pannangpetch K, Sarawat V, Boonpradub S, Ratanasriwong S, Kongton S, Nilpunt S, Buddhaboon C, Kunket K, Buddhasimma I, Kapetch P, Ekun K, and Damrhikhemtrakul W. 2009. Impacts of global warming on rice, sugarcane, cassava, and maize production in Thailand. [4] Jones JW, Hoogenboom G, Porter CH, Boote KJ, Batchelor WD, Hunt LA, Wilkens PW, Singh U, Gijsman AJ, and Ritchie JT. 2003. DSSAT Cropping System Model. Europian Journal of Agronomy, 18(3–4), pp. 235-265. DOI:10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00107-7. [5] Gassman PW, Manuel RR, Colleen HG, and Jeffrey GA. 2007. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool: Historical Development, Applications, and Future Research Directions. Working Paper 07-WP 443. Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, Iowa State University. 100 pp. [6] Zhang Y, Changsheng L, Xiuji Z. and Berrien IM. 2002. A simulation model linking crop growth and soil biogeochemistry for sustainable agriculture. Ecological Modeling. 151, pp. 75-108. DOI:10.1016/ S0304-3800(01)00527-0. [7] Coelho AP, Dalri AB, Filho JAF, de Faria RT, Silva LS. And Gomes RP. 2020. Calibration and evaluation of the DSSAT/Canegro model for sugarcane cultivars under irrigation managements. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental. 24(1), pp. 52-58. DOI:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n1p52-58. [8] Dias HB, and Sentelhas PC. 2017. Evaluation of three sugarcane simulation models and their ensemble for yield estimation in commercially managed fields. Field Crops Research. 213, pp. 174-185. DOI:10.1016/j. fcr.2017.07.022. [9] Zhang Y, Li C, Zhou X. and Moore B. 2002. A simulation model linking crop growth and soil biogeochemistry for sustainable agriculture. Ecological Modelling. 151(1), pp. 75-108. DOI:10.1016/ S0304-3800(01)00527-0. [10] Promburom P, JINTRAWET A, AND EKASINGH M. 2023. Estimating Sugarcane yields with OY-Thai interface. http://www.mcc.cmu.ac.th/mccwwwthai/research/ DSSARM/ThaiCane/FinalReport/03OyThai_ ISSCT.PDF (accessed on 11 June 2023).
44 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE [11] Land Development Department of Thailand. 2005. Soil view version 2.0 (CD-Rom). Academic Information Systems Department, Information Technology and Communication Centre, Land Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. [12] Thai Meteorological Department. 2010. Data on average yearly precipitation over a 30-year period (1997-2008). Agricultural Meteorology Division, Meteorological Development Region, Thai Meteorological Department. [13] Kapetch P, Sakai K, Pisanjaroen K, Sansayawichai T, Cho H, Nakamura S. and Nakandakari T. 2016. Analysis of land characteristics for efficient irrigation development of sugarcane growing areas in Khon Kaen province, Thailand. Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems. 22, pp. 23-31. [14] Kapetch P. 2018. Research and development on effective sugarcane production technology suitable for areas potential base. [15] Province Agriculture and Cooperatives, 2023. Raw data of sugarcane planting areas in the all provinces in western region by Department of Agriculture Extension. [16] NECTEC. 2023. Agri-map online. https://agri-map-online.moac.go.th/. (accessed on 11 June 2023).
45 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE Pichai Boodseephum1 *, Puttapong Sroypetkasem1 , and Peerasak Chaiprasart1 1 Center of Excellence in Postharvest Technology. Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Meuang district, Phitsanulok province 65000 *Correspondence to: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is one of the economically important crops in Thailand. It uses as a base substance in the manufacture of refined sugar, syrup, alcohol, and other sugar products. To enhance sugarcane yield and supply manufacturers, growers are looking to expand sugarcane planting areas. Most growers cultivate sugar cane from seed cane, which leads to increased outbreaks of the white leaf disease. White leaf disease is caused by phytoplasma infection from the contaminated seed cane to the next crop. Objectives of this study were to analyze phytoplasma in sugarcane by DNA marker techniques (Nested-PCR and LAMP) and white leaf disease-free sugarcane cultivar "Khon Kaen 3" propagation utilizing tissue culture with a bioreactor system. The results indicated that Nested-PCR and LAMP technique accurately and correctly detect white leaf diseased. Murashige and Skoog (MS) supplement with BAP 2 mg/L significantly increased the number of shoots to 16.2 when compared with MS (control) whereas the shoot length of 15.54 cm and root number of 10.6 cm were found in the control. The longest root length was produced using the MS plus kinetin 2 mg/L and NAA 0.6 mg/L were 3.9 and 4.29 cm. Significant heights of sugarcane tissue of 5.1 cm was also observed in the MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of NAA. Keyword: Sugarcane cv. Khon Kaen 3, White Leaf Disease, Bioreactor, Phytoplasma O-005 Propagation of Sugarcane Cultivar ‘Khon Kaen 3’ with Bioreactor without White Leaf Disease.
46 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE Khanittha Chaibandit1 *, Phusit Khamphilung2 , and Supasit Konyai3 1 Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Esan, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand 2 Department of Geoinformatics, Faculty of Informatics, Mahasarakham University Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand 3 Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, KhonKaen University, KhonKaen, 40002, Thailand *Correspondence to: Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Esan, Amphoe Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Researchfeasibilitystudyonsustainablesugarcaneproductionandenvironmentalconservation in Thailand. The purpose of this study is to analyze and suggest the feasibility of sugarcane production for farmers in Thailand. for Thai farmers to increase their income and preserve the environment sustainably. In the current situation, one of the problems that occur annually during the sugarcane harvest season is air pollution due to the burning of sugarcane. Because farmers can reduce costs even with environmental laws and campaigns. If considering the entire planting period, it's not just a matter of harvesting. There are things to consider in the beginning from setting the planting time, soil preparation, fertilizing, weed management until reaching the harvesting process, considering only the first year of sugarcane planting. In this research, two processes will be presented: sugarcane production by farmers in the northeastern region compared with sustainable sugarcane production practices throughout cultivation and environmental conservation that can be implemented in Thailand. Keyword: Sustainable Sugarcane, zero waste, Conservation of farmland O-006 Possibilities for Sustainable Sugarcane Production and Environmental Conservation in Thailand
47 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE Rattana Karoonboonyanan1 *, Peerasak Chaiprasart2 , Piwat Kateyim3 , and Ekarat Kengvittaya3 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 6500, Thailand 2 Department of Agricultural Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand ³KTIS Research and Development Company Limited, Nakhon Sawan, 60140, Thailand *Correspondence to: Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Esan, Amphoe Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Sugarcane stubble splitting with fertilization is one of the methods to increase the number of shoots and the growth of ratoon cane. This research aimed to develop a sugarcane stubble splitter with a precision liquid fertilization system and to study the effect of ratoon management methods on the growth of ratoon cane. The preliminary testing on two commercial splitter models with disk blade, groove expanding shovel, fertilization and water addition was found that the ratoon damages ranged from 11.0% to 19.4% and the average shoot damage was 36.3%. The constructed prototype sugarcane stubble splitter with precision liquid fertilization consisted of 1) main structure, 2) liquid fertilizer container, 3) ratoon splitter, 4) depth adjuster 5) groove closer with spring tines and 6) automatic liquid fertilizer flow control system. Five ratoon management methods were compared, which were, 1) liquid fertilizer pouring without stubble splitting as the control (M1), 2) the commercial splitter (M2), 3) the developed splitter with coulter (M3), 4) the developed splitter with the single injector (M4) and 5) the developed splitter with twin injectors (M5). The results were not statistically significant differences in yields (p>0.05) among the five methods. The fertilization rate of the M2 splitter was 98.19 kg/ha, compared with the developed M3, M4 and M5, which were 75.56, 79.75 and 79.06 kg/ha, respectively, saving the fertilizer about 18.75 kg/ha, while the machines price was about 50 percent of the commercial splitter. Field capacity was 0.14 ha/h; liquid fertilization rate was 920 cm3/m, equivalent to 78.12 kilograms of urea fertilizer per hectare at the row space of 1.5 m. The precise application of the liquid fertilizer system obtained by using a limit switch to control the solenoid valves was simple to make a low cost and another precision system applicable. Keyword: Sugarcane stubble, sugarcane stubble splitter, ratooning equipment, Precision Agriculture O-007 Development of sugarcane stubble splitter with precision liquid fertilization system
48 The 2nd International Conference on Cane and Sugar 2023 Towards BCG Economy; Smart Farm to Bio Industry AGRICULTURE & MACHINERY INCLUDES SMART FARM AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE Tanapon Chaisan1 *, Nanthiga Thongthip1 , Pasajee Kongsil1 , Sutus Pleangkai2 and Sarawut Rungmekarat1 1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand 2 Lop Buri Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Lop Buri, 15250 *Correspondence to: Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Drought is a major stress for sugarcane production in Thailand. The stress can damage sugarcane yield over 50% of its potential. To cope with the problems, new sugarcane clones were developed by induced mutation and interspecific hybridization in 2015. Ten sugarcane clones passed the evaluation for drought tolerance in greenhouse and field conditions in 2019 and 2020. In 2022, the ten sugarcane clones were compared with sugarcane varieties Khon Kaen 3 and LK92-11 for yield potential with 3 replications of the spit plot in a randomized complete block design. The main plot was irrigation with a drip irrigation system, and providing water by only rainwater. The ten sugarcane clones were used as sub plot. The irrigation systems significantly affected the height, and weight of stems per clump, cane yield per rai, and sugar yield per rai. For the comparison of sugarcane clones, the KU-MTB-tr2-2 presented cane yield (22.36 ton/rai) higher than the Khon Kean3 (19.40 ton/rai) and LK22-11 (17.00 ton/rai). The sugar yield of the Ku-MTB-tr2-2 (2.72 ton/rai) was higher than the Khon Kean3 (2.27 ton/rai) and LK22-11 (2.17 ton/rai). The cane yield of the KU-58-4-108 (18.02 ton/rai) was not different from the Khon Kean3 and LK22-11. However, the sugar yield of the Ku-58-4-108 (1.72 ton/rai) was lower than the Khon Kean3 and LK22-11. Moreover, the interaction between the main plot and subplot had effect on yield components, cane yield, and sugar cane yield. Keyword: yield potential, new sugarcane clones, sugarcane yield, sugar yield O-008 New Sugarcane Clones from the Selection of Drought Tolerance and Yield Potential