Baker Hughes Downstream Chemicals

Downstream Chemicals

Baker Hughes Downstream Chemicals

Application Reference Guide



Baker Hughes Downstream Chemicals

Application Reference Guide

Table of Contents Refinery & Finished Fuel Additives 6

Petrochemical Additives 4 Antioxidants
Biocides
Aldol Inhibitors Cold flow plugging point (CFPP) additives
Antifoams Conductivity improvers
Antifoulants Dehazers and emulsion preventatives
Antioxidants Dispersants
Antipolymerants H2S scavengers
Cleaning services High-temperature corrosion/Combustion improvers
Corrosion inhibitors Low-temperature flow test (LTFT) additives
Dispersants Lubricity additives
Emulsion breakers Mercaptan scavengers
Neutralizers Metal deactivators
Passivators Multipurpose additive packages
Stability additives Nonferrous (Cu & Ag) corrosion inhibitors
Pipeline/Rust corrosion inhibitors
Refinery Process Chemicals 5 Pour point depressants
Stability additives
Antifoams
Antifoulants Water Treatment Chemicals 7
Clarifiers
Cleaners Antifoams /Defoamers
Cleaning services Biocides
Contaminant removal technology Clarification aids
Corrosion inhibitors Coagulants
Demulsifiers/ emulsion breakers Copper corrosion inhibitors
Neutralizers Corrosion inhibitors
Passivators Demulsifiers/Emulsion breakers
Polymers Dispersants
Reactor bed agglomerants Filtration aids
Slurry settling aids Flocculants
Wetting agents Hydrocarbon dispersants
Metal passivators
Oxygen scavengers
Scale control additives
Settling aids
Sludge dewatering/Thickening aids
Tank cleaners

3

Petrochemical Additives

Aldol Inhibitors Cleaning Services Passivators

Stop the formation of aldol resins. Petrochemical plant tank, vessel, Deactivate metal surfaces after cleaning.
Typical Application and exchanger cleaning and Typical Applications
degassing services.
- Caustic tower Typical Applications - Fractionation column
- Reboiler
Antifoams - Connecting piping
- Heat exchangers Stability Additives
Control foaming and prevent foamovers - Process vessels
in process equipment. - Storage tanks Stability additives help improve pyrolysis
Typical Applications gasoline storage stability.
Corrosion Inhibitors Typical Applications
- Amine scrubber
- Caustic tower Control corrosion in process equipment. - Pyrolysis gasoline
- Dilution steam generator Typical Applications
- Water quench tower
- Amine scrubber
Antifoulants - Ethylene dichloride
- Fractionation section
Prevent the formation and/or deposition - Styrene
of organic and inorganic foulants.
Typical Applications Dispersants

- Charge gas compressor Prevent deposit formation on critical
- Fractionation section heat transfer surfaces.
- Oil quench tower Typical Applications

Antioxidants - Caustic tower
- Ethylene dichloride
Control fouling in process equipment. - Fractionation section
Typical Applications
Emulsion Breakers
- Acrylonitrile
- Butadiene extractive distillation Control emulsion formation and buildup
- Caustic tower in process equipment.
- Fractionation section Typical Applications

Antipolymerants - Dilution steam generator
- Water quench tower
Control fouling in process equipment by
stopping polymerization reactions. Neutralizers
Typical Applications
Control pH to reduce corrosion in
- Butadiene extractive distillation process equipment.
- Caustic tower Typical Applications
- Fractionation section
- Oil quench - Charge gas interstage condenser
- Dilution steam generator
- Primary fractionator
- Water quench tower

4

Refinery Process Chemicals

Antifoams Cleaning Services Neutralizers

Control and prevent foaming in Refinery tank, vessel, and exchanger Control corrosion in process equipment.
process equipment. cleaning and degassing services Typical Applications
Typical Applications Typical Applications
- Alkylation unit
- Amine gas treating - Piping connections - Crude distillation unit
- Delayed coker - Heat exchangers - Naphtha reformer
- Sour water stripper - Process vessels
- Visbreaker - Storage tanks Passivators

Antifoulants Contaminant Removal Mitigate deleterious effects of metals
Technologies on catalysts.
Prevent the formation and/or deposition Typical Application
of organic and inorganic foulants. Remove calcium and iron from crude
Typical Applications oils high in calcium naphthenate or - FCCU, RFCCU
inorganic iron content.
- Burner tip Typical Applications Polymers
- Compressor
- Crude distillation unit - Crude unit desalters Aid liquid-solids separation.
- Crude and vacuum heater - FCCU feed desalters Typical Applications
- Delayed coker - Resid hydrotreater
- Desalter - Crude distillation unit
- FCCU, RFCCU Corrosion Inhibitors - Delayed coker
- Hydrotreater - Recovered oil storage
- Hydrocracker Minimize the corrosive effects of
- Lube plant acids and acid gases either present in Reactor Bed Agglomerants
- Sour water stripper the crude oil or formed during the
- Visbreaker refining process. Relieve reactor bed ΔP constraints due
Typical Applications to accumulated iron-based deposits.
Clarifiers Typical Applications
- Alkylation unit
Remove oil and water soluble - Amine gas treating - Hydrocracker
organics from water. - Crude distillation unit - Hydrotreater
Typical Application - Delayed coker
- FCCU, RFCCU Slurry Settling Aids
- Delayed coker - Hydrotreater
- Hydrocracker Promote settling of cat fines from slurry oil
Cleaners - Naphtha reformer in tankage to produce lower ash content
- Sour water stripper slurry oil.
Remove deposits and oil from inside - Visbreaker Typical Application
and outside of process equipment.
Typical Applications Demulsifiers/ Emulsion - FCCU, RFCCU
Breakers
- Connecting piping Wetting Agents
- External surface cleaning Separate water from oil.
- Heat exchangers Typical Applications Make solids oil wet in the
- Process vessels hydrocarbon phase.
- Storage tanks - Crude oil storage Typical Applications
- Crude distillation unit
- Delayed coker - Crude distillation unit
- Recovered oil storage - Recovered oil storage

5

Refinery and Finished Fuel Additives

Antioxidants H2S Scavengers Multipurpose Additive
Packages
Improve storage and color Reduce levels of H2S dissolved
stability of gasolines in fuels and in tankage or vessel Combine different fuel additives to address
and cracked stocks. head space. multiple fuel problems.
Typical Applications Typical Applications Typical Applications

- Cracked stock - Crude oil - Distillates (diesel)
- Gasoline - Distillates - Gasoline
- Gasoline/Components
Biocides - Heavy fuel Nonferrous (Cu & Ag)
- Propane Corrosion Inhibitors
Reduce storage tank bottom
corrosion, improve fuel High-Temperature Allow fuels to pass copper strip test
quality and filterability. Corrosion/ specifications, inhibits corrosion attack on
Typical Applications Combustion Improvers nonferrous metals.
Typical Applications
- Distillates Magnesium and other metal-based products
- Gasoline to reduce high-temperature corrosion - Butane
in turbines and boilers and to reduce - Components
Cold Flow Plugging Point particulate or acidic emissions. - Gasoline
(CFPP) Additives Typical Applications - Mid-distillates
- Propane
Improve handling characteristics - Diesel
of fuels by reducing CFPP. - Residual fuel Pipeline/Rust Corrosion
Typical Applications Inhibitors
Low-Temperature
- Distillates Flow Test (LTFT) Additives Add to fuels transferred by pipeline to meet
pipeline company corrosion specifications
Conductivity Improvers Improve operability characteristics of fuels and to protect engine fuel systems.
by reducing LTFT. Typical Applications
Increase conductivity of fuels. Typical Application
Typical Applications - Distillates
- Distillates - Gasoline
- Aviation fuel - Jet fuel
- Ground fuel Lubricity Additives
Pour Point Depressants
Dehazers and Emulsion Improve lubricity of low-sulphur fuels.
Preventatives Typical Applications Improve handling characteristics of fuels by
reducing pour point temperature.
Improve water haze rating of - Diesel fuel Typical Applications
stored fuels, enhance water shedding - Gasoline
of additized fuels. - Crude oil
Typical Applications Mercaptan Scavengers - Distillates
- Heavy fuel oil
- Distillates Put fuels on specification with respect to
- Gasoline mercaptan concentration. Stability Additives
- Residual fuel Typical Applications
Improve storage and color stability of diesel.
Dispersants - Fuel oil Typical Applications
- Gas oil
Reduce filterable residue of treated fuels. - Gasoline - Diesel
Typical Applications - Gasoline components - Gas oil

- Diesel fuel Metal Deactivators
- Residual fuel
Improve storage and color stability of
6 gasolines and other fuels.
Typical Application

- Gasoline

Water Treatment Chemicals

Antifoams/Defoamers Corrosion Inhibitors Metal Passivators

Prevent the formation of foam and Control corrosion. Mitigate deleterious effects
eliminate existing foam. Typical Applications of metals on catalysts
Typical Applications and control corrosion.
- Boiler feed water Typical Applications
- Activated sludge system - Closed cooling water system
- Boiler feed water - Condensate system - Boiler feed water
- Closed cooling water system - Once-through cooling water system - Condensate system
- Effluent water treatment - Open recirculating cooling
- Once-through cooling water system water system Oxygen Scavengers
- Open recirculating cooling
Demulsifiers/Emulsion Control corrosion in preboiler and
water system Breakers internal boiler water systems.
Typical Application
Biocides Separate water from oil.
Typical Applications - Boiler feed water
Control algae and bacterial growths.
Typical Applications - Effluent water treatments Scale Control Additives
- Slop oil recovery
- Closed cooling water systems - Sludge treatment Control scale and deposit formation in
- Once-through cooling water system high-hardness systems.
- Open recirculating cooling Dispersants Typical Applications

water system Prevent deposit formation on critical - Closed cooling water system
- Water pretreatment heat-transfer surfaces. - Once-through cooling water system
Typical Applications - Open recirculating cooling
Clarification Aids water system
- Boiler feed water - Sour water stripper
Remove oil and water soluble organics - Closed cooling water system - Water pretreatment
from water. - Once-through cooling water system
Typical Application - Open recirculating cooling Settling Aids
water system
- Water pretreatment Improve the removal of solids
Filtration Aids from raw water.
Coagulants Typical Application
Aggregate solids so they are more
Neutralize the charge on suspended effectively removed by filtration. - Water pretreatment
particles to destabilize colloids. Typical Application
Typical Applications Sludge Dewatering/
- Water pretreatment Thickening Aids
- Effluent water treatment
- Water pretreatment Flocculants Increase the solids content.
Typical Applications
Copper Corrosion Inhibitors Aggregate a bridge particle which aids
their removal. - Slop oil recovery
Minimize the effects of corrosive water Typical Applications - Sludge treatment
to yellow metals.
Typical Applications - Activated sludge system Tank Cleaners
- Effluent water treatment
- Closed cooling water system - Water pretreatment Allow the removal of deposits and oil.
- Once-through cooling water system Typical Applications
- Open recirculating cooling Hydrocarbon Dispersants
water system - Sludge treatment
Disperse entrained oil into the water phase. - Storage tanks
Typical Application
7
- Open recirculating cooling
water system

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