FOCUS SCIENCE

FOCUS
SCIENCE

TABLE OF CONTENT

PREFACE 1

2 - 3 3.1 TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN ORGANISM

3.2 BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 4-10

11-14 3.3 HUMAN BLOOD

3.4 TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN PLANT 15-16

3.5 BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IN ANIMALS


17

AND TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN PLANTS

PREFACE

This lesson book was created based on the Science

Textbook KSSM Form 3 and the Dokumen Standard

Kurikulum Pentaksiran (DSKP) that provided by the

Ministry of Education, Malaysia. This book aims to


help students understand and master chapter 3

which is Transporation in Theme 1: Maintenace and


Continuity of Life. It is guided by the concepts of

Science Process Skills, 21st Century Skills, High

Order Thinking Skills and also STEM teaching and

learning approach.

Canva.com : Medium For Graphic and Design.
Font type: Open Sans, Open Sans Light
Font size: 11.8, 14

Anyflip.com: Platform for online Publisher

SPECIAL FEATURES

SCIENCE INFO FORMATIVE
SUMMATIVE

PRACTICE PRACTICE

LEARNING

OUTCOME

1

3.1 TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN

ORGANISM

At the end of the lesson,

students should be able to:

Describe the function of transport systems in

complex and simple organisms.

Compare and contrast the functions of transport

systems in complex and simple organisms.

Justify the importance of the function of

transport system in organisms.

Transport Systems in Simple

Organisms

Unicellular organisms obtain their nutrients
Amoeba sp.
and oxygen across the plasma membrane

directly from the environment by diffusion. 2

Substances such as oxygen and nutrients

from the environment enter the cell via

diffusion through the cell membrane.

Excretory products are eliminated from cells via

the same method.

Transport Systems in Complex

Organisms

Complex organisms such as humans,

vertebrates and multicellular plants have a

specialized transport system.

The process of exchange of substances

needed by cells and waste products

between complex organisms and the

external environment (via diffusion) occurs

slowly and not comprehensively because

complex organisms have a large volume.

Importance of The Function of

Transport System in Organisms

Importance of The Function of

Transport System in Organisms

Carry
To circulate

oxygen and
water, essential


other
nutrients,

nutrients
gases, and

excretory

for the
products within

energy
the plant for

production

through the
various

respiration
purposes.
process.

3

BLOOD CIRCULATORY
3.2
SYSTEM

At the end of the lesson, students

should be able to:

Generalise the meaning of blood

circulatory system in animals.
Communicate to explain the structure

and functions of a heart and blood

vessels in human blood circulatory

system.
Carry out experiments to study

factors that affect pulse rate.
Justify the importance of maintaining

a heathy heart.

What is the definition of Blood Circulatory

System?

A tubular system

that has pumps

and valves that

consist of three

components,


namely the heart,

blood vessels, and


blood to ensure

blood flow occurs


in one direction

only

4

BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

IN VERTEBRATES

In blood ciculatory sysrtem of all

vertebrates, blood flows continuously in

blood vessels to all parts of the body in one


complete cycle through the heart.

5

The structure and function of

the human heart:

Do you know the
6
function of each

heart components?

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF MAIN BLOOD VESSELS
There are three human blood vessels, namely arteries, capillaries and veins.

Figure below shows the relationship between the artery, capillary and vein.

The relationship between the artery, capillary and vein.

7

DOUBLE BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

The human circulatory system is a double

circulatory system. It has two separate circuits


and blood passes through the heart twice:

pulmonary circuit systemic circuit

PULMANORY CIRCUIT

Pulmonary circulation takes place between the heart and

the lungs

8

SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT

Pulmonary circulation takes place between the heart and

the lungs

HEARTBEAT

Have you ever heard the 'lub dub' sound

produced by a beating heart?
Between 'lub' and 'dub' sound,

which is louder?
How is the 'lub dub' sound

produced?

9

DIASTOLE SYSTOLE

The 'dub' sound is produced by
The 'lub' sound is produced by

the closure of the semilunar
the closure of the tricuspid and

valves at the aorta and

pulmonary artery when
bicuspid valves between the

relaxation of the ventricles
atria and the ventricles when

contraction of the ventricles

occurs. This condition is known
occurs. This condition is known

as diastole. The pressure

as systole. The pressure

reading of blood flowing into reading of blood flowing out of

and filling the heart is called the
the heart is called the systolic


diastolic pressure reading. pressure reading.

FORMATIVE PRACTICE 3.1

1.What is blood circulatory system?
2.Differentiate the functions of the artery, capillary and veiin.
3.State four factors that influence the pulse rate.
4.What is the importance of taking care of the heart?

10

3.3 HUMAN BLOOD

At the end of the lesson, students

should be able to:

Seperate the components and

constituents of human blood.
Identify blood groups and the

effects of receiving incompitable

blood groups.
Communicate about the importance
of blood donation in context of

daily life.

COMPONENT OF BLOOD

Blood consists of a suspension of red blood

cells, white blood cells, platelets and blood

plasma.

Blood plasma is made up of

approximately 90% water and 10%

dissolved substances flowing to all parts of

the body. These dissolved substances

include nutrients, carbon dioxide, enzymes,

hormones and waste products.

11

ANTIGEN ON RED BLOOD CELLS

BLOOD GROUP A

Individuals with blood

group A have only the A


antigen.

BLOOD GROUP B

Individuals with blood

group B have only the B


antigen.

BLOOD GROUP AB

Individuals with blood

group AB have both A


and B antigens.

BLOOD GROUP O

Individuals with blood

group O do not have A


and B antigens.

12

ANTIBODIES IN BLOOD PLASMA

Blood plasma contains antibodies. The types of antibodies present in blood

plasma are Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies. The types of blood, antigens and


antibodies.

An antibody will attack its corresponding antigen and cause the coagulation

of blood to occur. This may cause death. For example , Anti-A antibody will

coagulate with A antigen and Anti-B antibody will coagulate with B antigen.

COMPATIBALITY OF BLOOD GROUPS OF

DONORS AND RECIPIENTS

Why is an individual
13
who has type O blood


known as the

universal donor?

IMPORTANCE OF BLOOD DONATION

Every day blood is needed to save lives.

Blood is required for surgery, accident

victims or treat patients with leukaemia


, haemophilia, and other illnesses.

SCIENCE INFO

A healthy individual with a mass

of more than 45 kg and between


18 to 60 years old can donate

blood. A donor can donate up to


0.5 litres of blood at any one

times.

When an individual donates

blood, the total red blood cells in

his body reduces. This forces the


bone marrow to produces new

cells. The individual will become


more energised and able to

function better.

14

FORMATIVE PRACTICE 3.2

1.State four components of human blood.
2. State the largest component of human blood.
3. Marks "/" for blood groups of donor and recipient that are

compatible and "x" for the blood groups of donor and recipient that

are not compatible.

3.4 TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN

PLANTS

Can you

explain the

changes to

this plant?

15

TRANSPIRATION

What is transpiration?

Transpiration is a process of water loss in the form of water vapour

from the surfaces of the leaves to the air through evaporation.

CROSS SECTION OF A LEAF

The epidermis of a leaf is made up of a single

layer of epidermal cells covering both the

upper and lower surfaces of the leaf, namely

upper epidermis and lower epidermis.

Epidermal cells secrete a waxy cuticle which

covers the outer surface of the leaf to reduce

water loss during transpiration.

FUNCTION OF STOMA DURING

TRANSPIRATION

Most of the water lost during transpiration in plants occurs through the stomal pores

found in the epidermis of the leaf.

When photosynthesis takes place during the day, the stoma is usually open. What

enters the guard cells that causes the stoma to open?

Opening of stoma also causes the plant to lose water through transpiration.

EXUDATION (GUTTATION) SCIENCE INFO

Other than water loss from plants through
Guttation is different from dew

transpiration, water also lost from plants

through exudation or gutation. drops. Dew drops are formed


from the condensation process of


water vapour in the atmopshere


into water. 16

3.5 BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IN

ANIMALS AND TRANSPORT SYSTEM


IN PLANTS

BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN

IN ANIMALS PLANTS

SIMILARITIES

Both are transport systems.
Both transport water, nutrient, and dissolved substances.
Both exist in complex organisms.

DIFFERENCES

Tubular system
Structure System of vessels

with heart and
Type of transport without pump or


valves valve

Three types of
Two types of

vessels : artery,
vessels: xylem and

capillary, and vein
phloem

Arteries,
Connection between
Xylem and phloem

capillaries and
transport vessels are not connected


veins are
and are two

connected to form separate vessels

one continuous
17
vessel

SUMMATIVE PRACTICE

18

SUMMATIVE PRACTICE

19

ANSWER SHEET

Formative Practice 3.1 e. HEART
f. ANTIGEN

1. Blood circulatory system is a special
2. a) /

transport system in complex
b) x

organisms which functions to
c) x

transport nutrients, respiratory gases
d) x

and waste products.

2. Artery: transport oxygenated blood
3. a) Valve.

( except the pulmonary artery) b) Transport oxygenated blood

Capillary: connects arteries to veins c) (i) Blood vessel Q has tick walls to

and is a place of exchange withstand high blood pressure.

substances between cells. (ii) Blood vessel R has walls which

Vein: transport deoxygenated blood are one cell thick to increase the

(except pulmonary vein) efficiency of exchange of

3. Type of activity, gender, age, health. substances between blood and

4. Caring for our heart is important to body cells through diffusion.

ensure continuity of our life.

4. (a) Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Water,

Formative Practice 3.2 Digested food, Waste product.
(b) Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Water.

1. Red blood cells, white blood cells,
(c) During the day, plant cells carry
platelets and blood plasma. out photosynthesis and produce
oxygen. Hence, plant cells do not
2.Blood plasma. need oxygen supply.
3.


5. (a) (i) dub
(ii) lub
(iii) systolic
(iv) diastolic

Summative Practice

1.
a. PULSE
b. TRANSPIRATION
c. CAPILLARY
d. PHLOEM

20

REFERENCES

21