Instant Grammar Lessons

13.2 Conditionals Type 1
Follow-up

j Exercise1

lil Match the first and second parts of the sentencesbelow:

'q 1. GiveMary my regards a. if you want to stay in the first team.
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' 't 2. If you keeppullingthecat'stail, b. you'll make yourselfill.

3. Of courseyou put on weight c. unlessI pay back the loan.

4. Unlestshetaxi arrivessoon, d. it neverb¡eaksdown.

5. You havero rrain regularly e. if you seeher at the weekend.

6. If youpromisero comehomeby 11, f. you'll passthe exam.

7. l'll pick up the shoppingon the way home g. if you sendit express.

8. Provideda car is servicedregularl¡ h. we're going to be late for the party.

9. The next-doorneighbourws ill complain i. if you eat chips all day.

10. If you go on earingthosechocolates, j. you can havean ice-cream.

1l. It shouldarrivetomorrowmorning k. if I finish work early.

12. lf you havero work late tonight, l. she'll scratchyou.

13. The bankwill repossesthsecar m. if you play that musicso Ioudly.

14. Bel-ravyeourself!If you'rea goodgirl, n. phoneto saywhen you'll behome.

15. If you'vedonethework, o. you can go to the disco.

cl Exercise2

changethe following sentencesso that eachcontainsthe word unless:

1. You won't get in if you don't havea ticket.

2 . The matchwill be off if the weatherdoesnt clearup.

3 . I won't get the job if I don't passmy driving test.

4, If your Englishdoesn'rimprove,you'll fail theexam!

J 14.1 Conditionals Type 2

= SentenceCards

-1t Readout the firstpartof the cond¡tionasl enlenceand try to f¡ndthe ending.When you havefinished,underl¡nethe verbs
= in each half.Then try to finishthe sentencesin otherways.

= Late again! If you didn't stay up herEnglishwould really
so Iate.
= lmprove.

= If you werereallyill, we couldbuythe houseof our
dreams.
=
If my Englishwasabsolutely you'd be ableto get up in the
= perfect, mornings.

= If his hair wasn't so long, therewouldn't be so many
accidents.
F
F If peopledidn't drive so fast on we could sit outsidein the
FF this road, g ar d e n .
F
6 IfI In a oI m y a dr o| r e s s|D o ol Kw . _t n me, I could get a job asan :l
= interpreter.
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F
F 7 If we won the lotter¡ I'd be ableto phoneher.

Ft¡s If Maria stayedin Britain for h I'd love to do more cooking.
vear.
=
9 If the weatherwasn't so awful. he'd look much smarter.
=
10 If I hadthetime. I'd be more sympathetic.
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{ 14.2 Conditionals

J Follow-up

-t Exercise1

t' i Match the first and secondParts of the sentencebs elow:

..: 1. If we had somebetterplayers, a. I wouldn'thavea problembuyingshoes.
-
2. I could give you a lift home b. if you didn'tdriveso fast.
!
3. If Robertdid a little morepractice, c. shemight geta good pass.

4. I wouldn'tfeelso nervous d. if my carwasn'tat thegarage.

5. If we spokeperfectEnglish, e. we'd havea chanceof winningthe cup.

6. You would feelmuchhealthier f. if you helpedmorearoundthe house.

7. If my feetweren'tso big, o I'd try windsurfing

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8. You'dmakefriends h. if you took a littlemoreexercise.

9. lf I wereyou, i . we wouldn't have to do theseexercises'

10. I'd reallyappreciatiet j. if you were a little more sociable.

11. He couldlook muchsmarter k . if you didn't talk about computersall the time.

12. If Anna did the necessarwYork' l . he'd be an excellentguitarist.

13. Shewouldn'tthink you wereboring m . if I had more free time.

1,4.If I hadtheconfidence, n. I'd be very carefulwhat you sayto him'

L5. I'd decoratethekitchen o. if he took more interestin clothes.

Exercise2

Filt in the spacesin this text with suitableverbs:

Don't you think peopleuserheword IF too much?Theyarealwayssayingthingslike:IF we

mo remo n e yI,F w e ...... in a bigger house[F, you a betterjob,IF w e

afto rd to g o ro F l o ri d a onholidayIF, onlywe......acar likethepeoplen ex tdoor '

IF schools betterI,F there no waitinglistsfor hospitalsI,R IR IF! If people

dream.we . . . . . .' needthe word IF!

J
-a 1 5 . 1 C o n d i t i o n a l s : T y p e 3

-, SentencCe ards
¡-l
Readoutthefirstpartof theconditionasel ntenceandtryto findt
= in eachhalf.Thentryto f¡nishthesentenceisn otherwavs. nee ndingw. nenyouh avef¡ni shedu,nderlinten"G6l

= If Janehadn'tsrayedout in the

= sunsolong, we'd neverhave met eachother.

=

= If my parentshad had more

-¡rl money, they wouldn't havestayed

togetherso long.

r-d

= If Mike andCathyhadgot

he wouldn't havegot into

= married. trouble.

5
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tFartIrl
If we hadn'tgoneto Jackie's d you would haveenjoyed
party.' yourself.

= If we'darrivedjust a few shewouldn't havegot sunburnt.

=| minutesearlier,
F
IrI
Stupidman! If he'd followed I'm surehe would have

= our aot.vlce. regretted it.

F'

{
J If I hadn't spenreverynight at
the disco' g they could havesentme to a
:¡
betterschool.

=

:t He's happynow, but if he'd we might havecaughtthe train.

:t acceptedthe job,

:t

:l If you had rememberetdo bring I might have done better in my

:l the road map, exams.

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:¡ t 0 lt was a gre^t party. If you'd we wouldn't havegot lost.

:l gone,
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I 15.2 Cond¡t¡onals Type 3
Follow-up

E x e r c i s e1

Match the first and secondparts of the sentencebs elow:

1. If Robert had beenwearing a crashhelmet, a. I'd have beenin real trouble.

2. Barbaramight havepassedher exam interview b. if you hadn't eatenthoseshellfish.

3. If the weather had beenbetter last weekend, c. he wouldn't have beenkilled.

4. I could havemet you at the airport d. if you hadn't takenour raincoats.

5. If I'd known this hotel was so awful, e. we might havegoneto the seaside.
6. '!le would havearrived at the party by now f. if I'd known how much petrol it uses.

7. If you'd rememberedto lock the car door, g. we wouldn'tbe lookingfor a room now!

8. Shemight have acceptedour offer h. if you hadn't spentso long in the bath.

9. If the bosshad discoveredI'd taken the day off, i. I'd neverhavebooked the holiday.

10. You wouldn't havegot food poisoning j. if I'd known yon werearriving today.

! 11. Iwould neverhaveboughtthiscar k. ifyouhadn'tbeenso impatient.

12. lf you had listenedto me in the first place, l. it wouldn't have beenstolen.

13. I wouldn't have gone to Paul's party m. if she'd done more speakingpractice.

14. We would havegot soaked n. if you'd paid me.

15. If you had bookedin advance, o. we wouldn't be in this messnow.

Exercise2

We sometimesuse similar conditionals in situations where we regret that
somethinghas not happened.Can you match thesedisasterswith the condition?

1. If onlywehadn'tgoneswimming! 5. If onlywe'dswitchedoff thecooker!

2. If only I'd seenthe red light! 6. If only I'd goneto the dentist!
3. If only I'd calledin the electrician! 7. lf only I hadn't eatenthat cake!
4. If only we'd taken enoughmoney! 8. If only we had setthe alarm!

a. an accident b. electrocuted c. a fire d. missedthe plane
e. food poisoning f. stung by jellyfish
g. toothache h. paythe hotelbili

= 16.1 Conditionals Mixed

SentenceCards

á

Readout the first partof the conditionasl entenceand try to find the ending.Whenyou havefinished,underlinethe verbs
= in each half.Then try to finishthe sentences¡n otherways.

=
If I hadn'tstoppedto helpher
we'd betterget a move on!
Fbr changea tyre,

If you haven'taskedher out yet, why don't you fax them?

If we're going to catch that train, we'd better geta coupleof
bottlesof wine.

If you werethinkingof applying d you neverwill.
for that iob in accounts,

If you won't tell me what's It must be threeln the afternoon
wrong, there.

If we're havingthem over for we'd neverhavemet in the first
dinner. place.

If you knew you couldn't come how do you expectme to help
on the16th. you?

8 If you're havingno luck getting try to do it quietly!
through on the phone,

If it's nine o'clock in the why didn'tyou say?
morning here,

10 If you must practisethe trumpet don't bother- it's gone.
in your room,

16.2 Conditionals Mixed
Follow-up

Exercise1

Matchthefirst andsecondPartsof the sentencebs elow:

1..If we'd caughtthe earliertrain, a. she'dbelivingin theSouthof Francenow'

2. You wouldn't be feelingsick b. if You geta taxí to the airPort'

3. If I'd known Youwerein town, c. we'd be in EdinburghbY now'

4. I'd offerto helP d. if you hadn't eatenso much chocolate'

5. If you had your keYswhen Youleft, e. how do you exPectto succeed?

6. It mightbe quicker f. if you've only got a fiver to spend?

7. If youwon't makean effort, g. you'd better pack somemore clothes'

l. B. Don'tring h. if it's goingto rain again.

9. If you're stayingin Milan an extraweek, i. you'd be mad to spend{30,000 on a car!

10. Everythingshouldbe fine j. u n le s sit ' s u rg e n t .
a k. we could havegoneout for a meal'
,'f 11. lf youaskme,

72. l'd bettertake an umbrella l. providingwe don't Panic.

13. If you knewshewasa vegetarian, m. thenwherecould you havelost them?

I 14. Why did you orderthe caviat n. if I thought it would do anYgood'

15. If Angelahad marriedPierre' o. why did you give her roast chicken?

E x e r c i s e2

In the following examPlesdoes'd meanutould or had?

1,. I'd neverseenanYthinglike it' 7. lü7hat'dyou do?

2. \We'djust gone out. 8. S7hat'dyou done?

3. You'd love it. 9. They'd iust about givenuP hoPe'

4. How'd they got there? 10. They'd love that!

t 5. It'd nevercrossedmY mind! 11. \¡(¡ho'dknow?
6. I think I'd ignore the letter. L2. She'dbelievedhim.

Section 3

Rephrasing Activities

The activities in this sectionrequire learnersto reformulate sentencesaccording to
suggestedstructural patterns.Lessons17 and 18 ask learnersto transform non-
modal expressionsinto expressionsusing modal verbs. Lesson 18 includes a
number of modal verbsfollowed by the perfect- must hauedone,might hauedone
etc. Lesson19 practisesreportedspeechusingsay,tell, andask and Lesson20 the
use of more complex reporting verbs - admit, refuse, and demand. Lessons21 -
23 revise many of the structural transformations typically tested in many
examinations.

Lesson17: Modal Verbs1
Lesson18: Modal Verbs2
Lesson19: ReportedSpeech
Lesson20: Reporting Verbs
Lesson21: Sentencetansformations 1
Lesson22: SentenceTransformations2
Lesson23: Sentencetansformations 3

? 17.1 Modal Verbs 1 shall

I SentenceCards1

Say thesesentencesin anotherway usingthe modalg¡ven.
Can you make moresentencesof a similarpattern?

1 '!íhat about going to PizzaExpressthis evening?

2 I'm surethis is the restaurantwe ate at. must

I 3 This definitely isn't the réstaurantwe ate at. can

4 Maybethis is the housewe'relookingfor. could

5 I want to leavethe room. may
would
<{
must
. 6 Pleasehelpme with my bags.

T 7 You are not allowedto smokein this building.

I Saturdaytomorrow! It isn't necessarfyor me to getup early. have to

9 Sheis ableto play the guitar reallywell. . can

10 ['m surewe're going to havegood weathertomorrow. will
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=t 17.2 Modal Verbs 1

=l SentenceCards2

FT Say thesesentencesin anotherway usingthe modalgiven.
Can you make moresentencesof a similarpattern?

F would
might
=l Pleasehave lunch with us on Sunday. need
must
Fr shall

b can
should
rnere ls someoneat the door. Perhaosit's Susan.
could
'\üü'e'vfeinished. It isn't necessaryto do any more work.

9 times9 makes9L? I'm surethat's wrong.

Why don't we seea film this evening?

Yes,it's OK for you to leaveearly.

Her adviceto me was "Don't work too hard"

. 8 Is it possiblefor you to lendme f,20?

It was necessaryfor me to work all day last Saturday. ' haveto

10 {,35 for two hamburgers?I'm surethis bill isn't right. can

17.3 Modal Verbs 1 t
¡
SentenceCards3 ¡

Say thesesentencesin anotherway usingthe modalgiven. I
Can you make moresentencesof a similarpattern?
T
1 Shewas able to play the guitar when shewas eight yearsold. could
I
I was told to work late at the office yesterday. have to
¡
3 Thosebagslook heavy. Let me help you. can ¡
I¡
4 You worry too much. My adviceto you is "Relax" should
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5 It's not a good ideato eat so much chocolate. should

I insistyou saysorry to him. must
can
7 It isn't possiblefor me to meet you this evening.
I I'm going to give up smokingin the New Year. will

9 There is a possibilityof betterweathertomorrow. might

10 I've finishedmy exams.It isn't necessarfyor meto studyanymore. haveto

¡

I

=- 1 7 . 4 M odal V e r b s 1 shall
can
Follow-up could
may
= must
have to
= can/ can
would
= Rephrasethe following sentencesusing the modal verb given: can
should
:t can
will
¡{ 1. Why don't we have a quiet eveningat home? must
should
- will
=

2.l'm surethis isn't the streetwhere Kate lives.

-

F-
3. Maybe your glassesare in the bathroom.

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F 4. Is it all right if I usethe phone?
F
F 5 . You are not allowed to buy cigarettesif you're under 18.
F
F 6. It isn't necessaryfor you to do any more work today.

F

F 7. Sheis an excellentguitarist but a terrible singer.
FF 8. Do stay for dinner this evening.

=

2 9. Yes,of courseit's OK to usethe phone.

:l 10.It's a good idea for you to get more sleep.

2

a 11.Let me help you to pushthe car.

=

=l 12. I'm nevergoing to arrive late again.

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=l 13.I'm certainthis is the streetwhereKate lives.

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t 14. My adviceto you is "Don't be too optimistic"

a
15. ['m sureyou're going to havea wonderful time.

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18.3 Modal Verbs 2

SentenceCards3

Say thesesentencesin a differentway usingthe modalg¡ven.

7Ii Come round this eveningand havea drink with the family. would

; 2 In the past,there wasn't so much tra.fficon this road. usedto

I recommendthe exhibition at the British Museum. must

il I don't believethe car hasrun out of petrol. It was full yesterday. can

I Now don't worry. I'm sureto rememberour appointment. wont

n1 It wasn't necessaryfor me to work late last night. have to

{+ I don't like Anna's partiesbut it would be rude not to go. ought to

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I can't find my keys. PerhapsI droppedthemih the strdet. might

Daveknows how to play the piano but not how to readmusic. can
can

I 10 What do you think Anna is doing?Lyingon a hot sunnybeach? might

l,

nf. 1A.4 Modal Verbs 2 won't

Fr Follow-up

fl Rephrasethe following sentenceussingthe modal verbsin bold type:

7 1. I refuseto go to Anna's party - and that's final!

F

E 2. You haven'thad lunch? ThenI'm sureyou'reveryhungry. must
3. Jennyhasn'tturned up. I'm certainshehasn't forgotten our appointment. can

4.My doctor insiststhat I avoid all fatty foods. have to

5. I'm sorry it wasn't possiblefor me to meet you at the airport. could

FF 6. I think it's a good idea for women to bepaid more than men. should
E 7. In the past,Joesmoked40 cigarettesa day. usedto
8. I suggeswt e stopat abar for a drink.
h 9. I sentthe letter last week so I'm sure Tohnhas receivedit. could
10.What'sthat noise?> Maybeit's thechildrenplayingupstairs. must
F 11. Relax! I'm confidentwe're going to arrive in good time for the concert. might
12. I don't recognisethis street.Maybe we took a wrong turning. will
F
13.It's Saturdaynight. What do you suggestwe do? ' may
F
1 4 'I wish I hadn'teatenall thoseshellfish. shall
F should
1 5Y' ou can relax becausethere'sno oblieation to write any more.
EI have to

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19.1 Reported Speech

SentenceCards1

Say thesesentences¡n anotherway usingthe promptat the end of the line.Pay particularattentionto the verb tensesand
oronouns.

I alwayseatlots of freshfruit and salad. S h es a i d. . . .

2 I won't haveenoughtime to finish this job. He said....

Couldyou helpmewith my luggage? Sheaskedme ....

Are you going anywhereat the weekend? Thev askedus ....

Don't worry! Shetold him ....
'!íe must leavesoon. They said....

It s Dll eena long tlme slnceI had such a good meal. S h es a i d. . . .

\lhat time doesthe party start? They askedus ....

Do you know who the principalof the collegeis? He askedme ....

10 The weathermay get much worse tomorrow. He told us....

a 19.2 Reported Speech

a SentenceCards2

I Say thesesentencesin anotherway usingthe promptat the end of the line.Pay particularattentionto the verb tensesand
pronouns.
¡
I I cangethomeon my own. S h es a i d. . . .
I
2 'Wehaven'tbeento the art galleryfor ages. They said ....
A
3 'S7hendid you leavethe housethis morning? He asked me ....
I
4 I'll think aboutit. He said....
¡
5 I think I shouldhavephonedmy mother. S h es a i d. . . .
A
6 You shouldcut down on your smoking. The doctor told him ....
a
7 Do you understandthe rulesof reportedspeech? He asked me ....
;t
'S7'hewn ill I seeyou again? Sheaskedhim ....
I
9 'We'regoing on holiday tomorrow. They said....
I
10 \X/aithereuntil I getback. . Shetold him ....
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19.3 Reported Speéch ' t-' ¡'=

Follow-up

Rephrasethe following sentenceussingthe words in bold tvpe:

1. We were in Edinburghlastweek.

They told us . . .

2. Shecan't haveleft without sayinggoodbye.

He said

3. Don't phone me at the officeagain.

Shetold him . .
4. 'S7ouldyou move your car, please?

He askedme . . .

5. I'm going to finish the decoratingtomorrow

Hesaid .....:
6. '$7herecan I find information about museumsin Madrid?

Sheaskedme.. ;....

7. Emma hasn't eatenanything all day.

Emma'smother said. .

8. Why can't you cometo my party?

Sally askedme . .

9. I don't know mv wav round SanFrancisco.

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10. Are you leavingas soon as the coursefinishes?

Anna askedme. .

11. \7e haven'twatchedany TV for ages.

rFFI n e y s a'Il o

12. How longwill you stayin Baltimore?

Sheaskedme . .

13. I can run 100 metresin 11 seconds.

Robert told me

14. Becareful!

Jamestold his son. .
15.How fluentis yourEnglish?

My bossaskedme . . .

a

7 2ro^.1 Reporting Verbs

=l SentenceCards1

Say thesesentencesin anotherway usingthe words at the end of the line.Pay particularattentionto the verb tensesand

7 pronouns.

¡

a I know you can do it. Take the exam again. He / encourage

ir

¡ She/ admit

= . 2 The accidentwas all my fault.

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a That'sa veryeleganst uityou'rewearing,Sonia. He / compliment

t

z¡ ,4 .Síell You've got great exam results. She/congratulate/him
done!

z

t He / demand

z I want to speakto the manager- NO\7!
a

¡ She/ suggest

z Shall we have a quiet eveningat home?
z

¡ - 7 There'sno way I'm going on holiday with mum and dad. He / refuse

t

7 She/ beg

z

:t Oh please! Let me go to Sharon'sparty, mum.

¡

z He /deny
a No, it wasn't me. I didn't eat the last chocolatebiscuit.

7

¡ 10 Thosebagslook very heavy. Can I giveyou a hand? She/ offer / him

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! zto-.2 Reporting Verbs
SentenceCards2

Say thesesente ncesi n anot he rw ay usin gt he wo r ds at t he en d of the line . ea y p arti cularatt en tio nto t he v erb t ens esan d
pronouns.

Could you tell me theway ro the city cenrre? She/ want to know

2 Now don't forgetto lock all the doorsand windows. He/remind/her

3 \7ould you like to comefór lunch on Sunday? She/invite/me

No, put your money away. I'll pay for the drinks. He / insist

Don't crossthe road here. It's dangerous. She/warn /them

That'sverykind of you. rVhata lovelypresent! Helthank/her

If I wereyou, I'd be very carefulwhat you sayto her. She/advise/them

I'm verysorryI'm solate. He / apologise

Dón't worry. I'll definitelybe thereat 8.00pm. She/ promise

10 'v7hatabout going for e mealto rhat new chineserestaurant? He / suggest

a 2(J-.3 Reporting Verbs

7 Follow-up

¡ Rephrasethe following sentenceussingthe words given: She/ compliment

7 1. Excellent! That was a lovelvdinner.Robert.

=¡ 2 Does anyoneknow who this car belongsto? He / want to know

a 3. Don't forgetto setyour alarm clock for 6.00am. She/remind/him
a
4. Careful! Don't touchthoseplates.They'reveryhot. He/warn/them
=¡
5. Shallwe stop for a coffeebreak? She/ suggest
z
a 6. You haven'tgot the car today? I could giveyou a lift home. }{e/offer/me
u 7. 'V7e'rehaving a party on Sunday evening. Try to come along. She/invite/us
z
z 8. I'll definitelyget my hair cut this week. He / promise
z
z 9. Yes.it was me. I ate the last chocolatebiscuit. She/ admit
z
z 10. I'm so sorry I forgot about our appointment. He / apologise
z
11. It's disgusting! I'm not going to eatany more. She/ refuse
2
12.l'm not to blame. I neverusedthe officephonefor personacl alls. He / deny
z
z 13. If I were you, I'd spend yeaf abroad beforeuniversity. Heladvise/her
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14. !7e can't go yet. I want to seeevery picture in the gallery before leaving. I / insist
=
15. I'm tired. Why don't we wash the dishesin the morning? She/ suggest
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21 .1 SentenceTransformations1

SentenceCards1

Rephrasethese sentencesus¡ng the prompts. Discusswhich suggest¡onsare the closest in meaningto the or¡g¡nal
sentences.Can you makeothersentencesusingthe same patterns?

'We'vebeen living in Liverpool for Becauseof the fog, the plane
two years.
> We moved. . .. 1 1 couldn'ttakeoff.

> The fog prevented. . . .

I put on the heatingbecausert was 12 Shallwe stopfor lunch?
very cold. >What....
>Itwasverycold....

Althoughshedidn't havethe I'd preferyou to wear a
qualifications,Donna got the job.
13 differenttie.
>Despite....
>I'drather....

'S7ecan't buy a new car becausewe Bananascan't possiblybe grown in
don't haveenoughmoney.
>Ifwe.... 14 sucha cold climate.

>It'simpossible....

'Wecouldn't find out what was If Dad hadn't givenSallythe
wrong with the car.
> We didnt succeedin . . . . 15 money,shecouldn't havegoneinto

business.
> Without. . ..

He drove so fast that he frishtened I'm sorryI didn't takemy mother's

6 us, 16 advice.

> He was >Iwish....

He is believedto be an 17 If you do that again,I'll hit you.
>Dont....
7 international criminal.

>People....

The car needsservicingbefore we This is the most deliciousmeal I've
18 everhad.
I go on holiday.
>I'venever....
>Imusthave....

It's difficultfor olderpeopleto Janehasn'tmademuchprogressat

9 learna language. 19 school.

> Older peoplehave. . . . > Janehasonly . . . .

Janeplaysthe guitarbetterthan Operatingthis computerisn't

10 I do. 20 difficult.

>Ican't.... >Itisnt..

t 21.2 SentenceTransformations1

= SentenceCards2

Fr Rephraselhese senlences using the prompts. Discusswh¡ch suggestionsare the closest in meaning to the or¡ginal
sentences.Can vou makeothersentencesusinqthe same patterns?
Fu
FFa We movedto Liverpool2 years The fog preventedthe plane from
ago.
E:I >We've.... 11 taking off.

tr >Because....

F It was very cold so I put on the 12 '$fhat about stopping for lunch?
heating. >Shall ....
F >Iput....

Fts Despitenot havingthe qualificatio 13 I'd rather you wore a differenttie.
>I'dprefer....
F 3 Donna got the job.

FF:I >Although....

F If we had enough money.we could It's impossibleto grow bananasln
F
4 buy a new car. 14 sucha cold climate.
FF-
>Wecant... > Bananascant. . . .
F
'$7edidn't succeedin finding out \flithout her Dad'smone¡ Sally
FFe 15 couldn'thavegoneinto business.
5 whatwaswrongwith thecar.
F >If....
F >We c oul dn't....

FF¡ He was such a fast driver that he I wish I'd takenmy mother's
f r i g h t e n e du s . 16 advice.
F >Hedrove....
F > I'm sorry... .
F
Peoplebelievethat he is 17 Don't do that againor I'll hit you.
FF >If....
7 internationalcriminal.
Fr
>Heis....

I must have the car servicedbefore I've neverhad sucha delicious
we go on holiday.
> The car needs. . . - 18 meal.

>Thisis....

Older peoplehavedifficulty Janehasonly madea little progress

I learninga language. 19 at school.

>It's.... >Janehasn't....

I can'tplaythe guitaraswell as It isn't difficultto operatethis

10 Janedoes. 20 computer.
>Janeplays....
>Operating....

ü 21.3 Sentence Transformations1

t^ Follow-up

-¡l Rephrasethe following sentencesusing the words given:

I 1. Julia has beenworking for this companyfor six years.
Juliastarted. . .
.-u1¡
2. Although Robert wasn't feelingwell, he went to work.
F
Despite
II-¿1
Ja . rl c a nr-t u n oI e r s t a n Io In r' m |D e c a u s e|n e s p e aI K ss o q u . c|K| l y .
-
-- l

ul Ifhedidn't....
:¡
4. It was such an awful meal that we complainedto the waiter.
It
The meal
-
5. My dressneedsdry-cleaningbeforethe party.
MT'-!t
I must have

6 . I suggestwe have a coffee break.

What
7. 'Wearrived late, so we missedthe beginning of the concert.

If we hadn't

8. It was the most difficult exam I'd evertaken.

rfr oI never
yfr . ' lT'tne sunwasverystrongso we put on pIlentyoft sun-|| Dlo| ck.

We put

L0.I'd ratheryou didn't smokein the kitchen.

I'd prefer

11. Hotel guestsmust vacatetheir bedroomsby 11.00am.

Bedrooms

12.I regretnot stayingon at collegeto take my finals.

I wish

1,3.Margaretplaysmuchmoreskilfullythan Tony.

Tony doesn't

14. We'll haveto leavewithout him if he doesn'tarrive soon.

Unless

15. Peoplesaythis restaurantis the bestin town.

This restaurant

t 22.1 SentenceTransformations2
SentenceCards1
-I
Rephrasethese sentencesusing the prompts. Discusswhich suggestionsare the closest in meaningto the original
= senlences.Can you makeothersentencesusingthe same patterns?

F=r Unlessyou do somerevision,you I lastwenrro a footballmatch
won't passyour exam.
<r- >If.... 11 whenI wasat school.

F >Ihavent....

F The accidenthappenedbecausethe The police arrestedthe escaped
driver didn't seerhe red lieht.
F >If.... 12 prisonerIastnight.
F
F > The escapedprisoner. . . .
F
Is it all right if I leavethe room? Nicola can swim fasterthan anyone
F¡ >May..
1 3 eiseat the club.
F
>Nobody....
F
F I'm sorryI can'tcometo the disco Traceythought the election result
F
F 4 tonight. 14 was very surprlslng.
F
>Iwish.... >Traceywas....
trl
It wassucha high shelfthat Ralph It takes an hour to fly from
2 couldn't reachit.
> The shelfwas too 1 5 Brusselsto London.
z
z >Itis....

=e There was no needfor you to work 16 If you eat more, you get fatter.
:z latelast night. >Themore...
>Youdidnt....
=
It is years sinceJane visitedSpain. 17 C a ny o u t e l l m eh o w l o n gt h ep o o li s ?
:¡ >Janehasnt.... > Can you tell methe....

a John spoketo his girlfriendbefore This is the first time I've beento an
a takingthe job.
u 18 all-night party.
a Johndidnt....
a >I'venever....

! I'd rather you didn't put your dirty 'Wedon't intend to live in this

I feeton the sofa. 19 housepermanently.

> Would you mind . . . . >Wehave....

10 tVhat is the meaningof anxious? I regretnot apologisingto her
>Whatdoes....
20 sooner.

>Ishould....

.¡

I

t 22.2 Sentence Transformations2

"41 SentenceCards2

I sentencesC. an you makeothersentencesusingthe same paflerns?
If you don't do somerevision,you I haven't beento a football match

won't passyour exam. 1 1 sinceI was at school-

!l > U n l e s s . . . . >Ilast....

If the driver had seenthe red light, the The escapedprisonerwas arrested

2 accidenwt ouldn'thavehappened. 12 by the policelastnight.

> The accidenthappened. . . . >Thepolice....

May I leavethe room? Nobody at the club can swim as
>Isit
13 fast asNicola.

> Nicola can swim .

I wish I could cometo the disco Traceywas very surprisedby the
tonight.
> I'm sorry.. . . 1 4 electionresult.

>Traceythought....

The shelfwas too high for Ralphto It is a one-hourflight from Brussels

reach. 15 to London.

> It was such > It takes .

You didn't needto work late last 16 Themoreyou eat,the fatter you get.
>Ifyou....
6 night.

> There was . .

7 Janehasn'tvisitedSpain for years. Can you tell me the length of the
>Itis....
1 7 poollll

> Can you tell mehow

Johndidn'ttakethefob until he I've neverbeento an all-night party
had spokento hisgirlfriend.
18 before.
>Johnspoke....
> This is the

NTouldyou mind not puttingyour \le haveno intentionof livingin
19 this housepermanently.
9 dirty feeton rhesofa?
>Wedont....
>I'drather....

10 What doesanxiousmean? I shouldhaveapologisedto her
>Whatis.... 20 sooner.

> I regretnot

a

¡ 22.3 SentenceTransformations2
Follow-up

¡

¡

z Rephrase the following sentencesusing the words given:

I

r- 1. IvfayI usethe car tonight?

-{ Is it all right
- 2. Robert got here so late, he misseddinner.
¡ If
-a 3 . I'd love to have a little more money.

¡ I wish

- 4. They are repairingthe road outsidethe house.

-I The road

z 5. Barbarawas very boredby the party.
z Barbara thought

- 6. Do you know how far it is from Seattleto Vancouver?

- Do you know the
¡

7. I'm sorryI didn't phoneyou yesterday.

-

z- I should
8. You won't get into the first team squadif you don'r train harder.

¡

e Unless
a 9. Shewouldn't give an explanationfor her absence.

Sherefused

¡ 10. The lessyou eat, the slimmeryou get.

a If

¡ 11. 'Wemoved to this streetsix yearsago.

¡ We've

¡ 72.It was sucha big sofa we couldn't get it into the living room.

-t The sofawas too

- 1 3 .'Vlewalk ed 10km b e f o r es r o p . / n gf o r a break.
¡
p i

I Wedidn't

14.I don't objectto peoplesmokingin restaurants.

¡

I've no

¡

15. Nobody in the family could eat asmuch asAntony.

¡

Antony

!

a a- 23.1 SentenceTransformations3

'1. SentenceCards1

w]I ' Rephrasethese sentencesusing the prompts.Discusswhich suggestionsare the closest in meaningto the original
sentences.Can you makeothersentencesusingthe same patterns?
:
ú \7e all thought Bill's story was very Darrenleft quicklysothat hedidn't
amusing.
b > We were all 1 1 haveto buy hisfriendsa drink.

l' > Darren left quickly to . . . .

er- The reasonGracedidn't get the job 'S7etried our hardest but couldn't

!tü was becauseshewas inexperienced. 1 2 completethe crossword.

s >If.... >However....

il David, you had bettertake some Gail demandedto speakto the
vitamin pills with you.
J > S h ea d vi se d. . .. 13 manager.

'We'veneverseensuch beautiful >Gail insisted....

4 scenerybefore. John borrowedthe money from the

>Thisisthe.... 14 bankto buya newapartment.

It looks asif nobody'sat home. >Thebank....
> There doesn'tseem. . . .
'S7ouldyou like to go to the cinema

15 this evening?

>Dovoufancv....

They'regoingto installnew traffic After three attemptswe succeeded
lightshere.
> New traffic lights. . . . 16 in startingthe car.

>Wemanaged....

The day was so dreadfulthat we '$7itha word processor,you could
cancelledthe trip.
>ltwassuch.... 17 write that much faster.

>If....

\7e had hopedthe exhibition woul In comparison with Japan,the cost
be more interesting.
> The exhibition wasnt . . . . 18 of living in the USA is low

> If you compare . .

Mary was the only studentabsent Your Englishseemsto be
from class.
>Apart.... 19 improving.

> It soundsas though . . . .

Do you know the heightof that 20 The last sentence. 'S7hata relief!
>Iwas....
10 skyscraper?

>Doyouknowhow....

a

a 23.2 Sentence Transformations3

z SentenceCards2
u Rephrasethese sentencesusing the prompts. Discusswhich suggestionsare the closest in meaningto the original

sentencesC. an you makeothersenlencesus¡ngthe same patterns?

z 'V7ewere all very amusedby Bill's Darrenleft quicklyto avoidbuying

a story. 1 1 his friendsa drink.

> We all thought . . . . > Darrenleft quicklyso . . . .

¡

u If Grace had beenexperienced,she However hard we tried, we

a would havegot the job. 1 2 couldn't completethe crossword.

> The reasonGrace didn't . . . . > We tried our . .

I

a SheadvisedDavid to take some Gail insistedon speakingto the

z vitamin pills with him. 13 manager.
> David.vou had . . . .
a >Gaildemanded....

z This is the most beautifulscenery The bank lent John the money to
14 buy a new apartment.
a we'veeverseen,
> We'veneverseen. . . . >John....
a

z There doesn't seemto be anybody Do you fancygoing to the cinema

z 5 at home. 15 thisevening?
>Itlooksas....
> Would you like....
z
z New traffic lightsaregoingto be
After three attemptswe managedto

a installedhere. 16 start the car.
>They're....
>Wesucceeded....

a

a It was sucha dreadfulday that we If you had a word processor,you

7 cancelledthe trip. 17 could write that much faster.
I >Thed"y....
>With....

I

¡ The exhibition wasn't asinteresting If you comparethe USAwith Japan,

aswe had hoped. 18 the costof living in theUSAis low.
t >Wehadhoped....
> In comparison . .

e

z Apart from Mar¡ every student It soundsas though your Englishis
was presentin class.
19 improving.

¡ >Marywasthe.... > Your English seemsto be . . . .

a

Do you know how high that I was relievedit was the last
¡ 10 skyscrapeirs?
20 sentence.
z > Do you know the . .
> The last sentence!What . .

t

,f 23.3 'rr Sentence Transformations 3

I{ Follow-up
Rephrasethe following sentencesusing the words given:

1. Sheadvisedhim to listencarefullyto her instructions.
You'd

2. The weatherseemsto be improving.
It looks as

3. '\üle'dexpectedthereto be more spectatorsat the match.
There weren't

4. I left work earlyto avoid gettingheld up in the rush-hourtraffic.
I left work earlyso

5. This is the most disgustingcoffeeI've evertasted.
I've never

6. Mary was the only guestnot wearing casualclothesat rhe party.
Apart

7. Paul and Georgewere always arguing but they remainedgood friends.
However much

8. I want to know the depth of the river at this point.
I want to know how

9. I was surprisedto hear you're expecting triplets!
tiplets! What

10.\X/ehaven'tgot a phoneso we haveto usethe public call box.

Tf

Il . . .

11.Ellen hasgot sucha lot of money,shedoesn'tknow how to spendit.
Ellen has got so

'lZ.They ought to havedone the repairsby now.
rne,.r_tl repalrs . . . .

13.Why don't we speakto the shopmanager?
Francis suggested

14. Trains in Britain are very expensivecomparedto Italy.

I In comparison .
15.If Lesliehadn'tbeendelayedin the traffic, she would be he¡e by now.
The traffic preventedLeslie

-<

r¡

=

<

=l C o m p l e t i o n A c t i v i t i e s

:¡

a

-I

{<

=¡ These lessons all require the learners to finish off incomplete sentencesusing

:A grammar and vocabulary prompts to ht eh lepptrheevmi o.uTshsee car ci ot invsiot ifetshai sr eb, ot ho ek .r e' Wf oirteh,
= slightly m ore open-endedt han thosein

learnerswho are not usedto working in independentgroups it may be better to

Z start them off with a straightfot-"rd matching activity fiom Section2 before

U using the more challengingactivitiesin this section.Lesson24 - 26 all practise
multi-verb sentencesc,omplementation,and the -ing form v. the infinitive. Lesson

- 27 focuseson link words and time expr:essions.
'

=

=¡

=¡ L e s s o n2 4 : SentenceCompletion 1

L e s s o n2 5 2 SentenceCompletion 2

= Lesson26: Gerund or Infinitive

a Lesson27: ClauseCompletion

Z .r:.

I

?

¡

a

¡

¡

!

.*,.i*I

:t

a, 24.1 Sentence Completion 1

SentenceCards

I Readout the sentenceon your card.You mustcompleteit with the phraseGO TO THE CINEMA.This meansthat you will
haveto changethe grammarof this phraseto f¡tyour sentence.

!ü{

Ft It's so expensive.I wish I hadthe 11 There'snobodyat home. Perhaps
money. . . . they....

I He's a terrible director. There'sno 12 I'd love to comewith you but I'm
Tü point.... notsureifl...

ü I don't want to go to the game. I'd t3 \7hat shallwe do tonisht?
> I suggestwe
r- prefer. . . .

- '$7hatshall we do tonight? 1 4 Saturdayor Sunday? I can't decide
- > It would begreat
when. .
b
We haven'tmadeany definiteplans 15 Ruth isn't coming.Shethinks
Ia for tonight,,but we . . . . istoo exoensive.

J I'd love to comebut I'm too busy. 16 Yes,why not? It's agessincewe
If I had the time, I.... Iast....
ür

I

7 On Saturdaynights,we always. . . . 17 Are you doinganythingtonight?
> No. but I'd reallv love

I'm tiredof the disco. 'Whydon't 18 No-one answeredthe phonewhen
we.... c a lle d .M a v b e t h e v . . . .

I 9 Last night we watched TV instead 19 Jan would rather stayat home.
of She'sneverreallyliked . . . .

I 10 Geoffrey'swife doesn'tallow 'S7eusuallygo to the gameon
him 20 Fridaynights,but this Friday
L
we....

,i;ig¡:",

= 24.2 Sentence Completion 1

F Follow-up

E2 Completethe following sentenceswith the correct form of GO TO THE CINEMA:
1. Thanksfor the invitation. If I wasn'tbaby-sittingI,
1
2. Tonight'sgamehas beencancelled,so why not . .
F 3. Joe'snot surewhat he'sgoingto do tonightbut he
4. Let'saskgrandmaif shewantsto come.It mustbe years sinceshe last
F 5. Last night we watchedthe gameaswell as . . .
6. Joe and Anna usuallvstavat homeat the weekendsbut this Saturdavthev
2 7. There'salwayssucha lot to do. I wish I had the time .

F

F

=

FFa

ET

FFe

Fe

b

FEts 8. It's no useinviting Tane.Shenever.
F 9. 'V7eall saw it yesterdayso there's no point
10. Haveyou madeanyplansfor this evening?
E
>'$7ell,it would benice
F 11. Nobodyis answerintghephone.Perhaptshey
12. Come on! You can afford it. It doesn'tcost that much
13. I'm alwaysso busy. If I hadthe time,I'd love

E 14. I'm glad you've got ticketsfor the gamebecauseI really hate . .
15.'S7henwe calledat Monica's house,shewasn't at home. Maybe she

25.1 Sentence Completion 2
SentenceCards
l
Readoutthesentenceonyour.card'Youmust-mpteteit*itnt
have to changelhe grammarof this phraseto fit your sentence.

I'm not interestedin watching the 11 Barbarahad alreadyseenir, so
game. Couldn'twe....
we

2 No, not tonight. I'm much too 1 2 Sheknew all about the big game
tired
eventhoughshe. . . .

3 Iüe must . . We haven't been 13 Not again! Can't we do something
for ages!
differenrfrom...

4 Comeon, hurry up! 14 I wishI .,insteadof the game.
It'stimewe....

There'snobodyat home. They 15 lt's overa yearsincewe last
mlgnr.. . .

What areyou doing this weekend? 16 I've got to work latetonight,but
> \7e're thinking of . . . I'd rather

7 I adoreHumphreyBogart,so I'm 17 EverySaturdaynighr for the past
lookingforward six yearsSally

\7e had a greattime last night but 18 My fathersaidwhen he was a
you weren'tthere.You should
young man everybodyusedto

I Sorr¡ I'm justtoo tired. I'd rather 19 Gerryprefersstayingin to

we,...

1 0 My grandmotherwas alwaysfond 20 I don't know what to do tonight.
>'$7ell,what about
of....

25.2 Sentence Completion 2

Follow-up

Complete the following sentenceswith the correct form of GO TO THE CINEMA:

1. It startsin half an hour. Comeon! If's time we
2. '$7e'llseeyou later. \7e're all looking forward to . . .

1 I couldn't get tickets for the big game tonight.
J.

> In that casew e ...

4. \fe had a greattime last night.
> I know. I wishI

5. It must be over three months sincewe last

6. It's goingto be boringsittingat home. I'd ratherwe . . .

7. Would you like to havedinnerwith us on Saturdaynight?
> I'm not sureif we can. We'rethinkineof . . .

8. Oh no! I missedTom Cruiselastnieht. I knew I should

9. I'm bored. Is thereanythingwe can do tonight?
> How about

10. Eachweekendf,or the lastsix months,we
11. 'V7henmy motherwasa child,sheneverused

12.Vith a babyin thefamil¡ it's difficult

13. If Jackdidn't go to thegame,he might
14. Alison preferswatchingTV

15. No thanks. I've neverbeenkeen on

*-

h 26.1 Gerund or Infinitive
SentenceCards1

*fl' Completethe sentenceusinga suitableending.Youwill discoverthat you must use e¡therthe -ing formof the verb or the
infinitive- going or to go, getting ot to get.

b Couldyou returnthat bookI lentyou?
rr > Sure,whenI've finished. . . .

rl

ütI lrt rr {,i
l-r
ü

ilffiI lrl, Anna tried to borrow money off her brother but he wasn't prepared

I'm so sorry about your antiquecut-glassvase. I didn't mean

iü

üfl It's beena greatholiday but now, after threeweeks,I'm looking
h forwardto....
nil
Sorry. I know I shouldbe more punctualtr . I promlse
rll
I've got terriblehiccups.They won't go away.
üq >'!íell,why don'tyoutry . . . .

-&l I shouldwarn you. Chrishasa veryshortmemory,so remindhim

r-E f i
rI

-r. : l I

h

t"s

t$ I Just a soft drink for me. My doctor saysI have to cut down on
F
Have you heard the news? A^f fter being engagedfor six years,Steveand
rf Mary havefinally decided

10 Raymondis so boring! I wish he wouldn't keepon

a 26.2 Gerund or Infinitive

I SentenceCards2

=

Completethe sentenceusinga suitableending.Youwill discoverthatyou musl use eitherthe -rng form of the verb or the

Z infinitive- going ot to go, getting ot to get.

a

I 1 They told me at the g^ragethat my old car wasn't worth . . . .

¡

¡

= 2 'We'dlove to havea holiday this year but we can't afford . . . .

a

I re' r,,rá. ve you madeany plansfor the weekend?
= > Yes,we'vearranged. . . .

I

¡

4 Oh no! It wasmother'sbirthdayyesterdayand I forgot .'. . .

=

<

e= 5 $7ouldyou like to cometo the concerttonight?
> Sorrybut I don't feellike . . . .

a

¡

z 6 I wouldn't be so angry with him if he had apologisedfor . . . .

-<
¿--

t 7 At first Rosierefused,but after a while we persuadedher . . . .

¡

¡-

¿ I Thesesuitcaseasreso heavy.'Wouldyou mind . . . .

¡

¡

I I \fhen we were little children,everynight beforegoing to sleep,
I motherused....

¡

t 10 Shespokeveryquicklyoverthe phoneso I had greatdifficulty. . . . l
t

!i
,i
.l
I

26.3 Gerund or Infinitive

SentenceCards3

Completethe senlenceusinga suitableending.Youwill discoverthat you must use e¡therthe -rng torm.f tne verb or the
infinitive- going or to go, getting ot to get.

Thank you. It's beena wonderfulevening.I reallyenjoyed.

2 \üe thoughr we were going to arrive very late but we managed. . . .

3 What a horriblecough! If I wereyou I'd giveup . . . . I
I
4 That'senoughwork for onemorning. Shallwe stop. . . .
I
You know what Alan'slike. He'll neveragree.Soit's no use. . I
\X/henLucy hasfinishedher universitycourse,sheintends.
a
Life is difficulton onlv {,1,2.000a year. That's why I'm interestedin
I
Not anothergrammar exercise!I really objectto
¡I
Mr Brown wasn't at all happy aftervisiting his doctor. Shehad ¡
advisedhim.... ¡

10 What shallwe do tonight? Any suggestions? t
> It would bewonderful
I
I
I

¡)

I
I
I
I
I
I

I

I

:l
'l

I
,I

I

i

a 26^.4 Gerund or Infinitive I

= Follow-up

I Completethe following sentenceisn any way you like usingthe infinitive or -ing
I form of an appropriateverb:

¡ 1. $600 for a pair of shoes! '$7hoon earth can afford
I 2. Mrs Jonescan't seeyou immediatelyso would you mind
3. OnceDavehasmadea decisionhe neverchangeshis mind, so it's no use. .
I 4. So your car won't start. -Whydon't we try . . .
5. 'fhe bestway to learn gerundsand infinitives is to keep on
l¡ 6. You should have beenhere at 5.00. You'd better apologisefor . .
7. 'V7henmy grandmother was a little girl she used .
I 8. It's all my fault. I neverintended. .
9. \7e'll need another {800 for the repairsto the roof. Any chanceof persuading
{¡l
the bank
= 10. Mv bankaccountis almostin the red. I'll haveto cur down on . . .
11. Cath¡ you'vesavedmy life! Thank you for remindingme . .
= 72. Fred refusedto give up. After severalattemptshe succeededin . .
13. That'stypicalof you! I've beenwaitingherein the rain for overan hour and you
A
promised
eF4,, 14. \7hat did you like bestaboutyour holiday?

e > \7ell,what we enjoyedmostwas
15. Only threemoredaysto go. 'We'rereallylookingforwardto . . .
=

z

2

2

¡

¿- t
=

-

-e

e

¡

¡

a

{

'

t

¡
¡

¡

I

il 27.1 Clause Completion

i SentenceCards1

tf' Try to finisheachsentencein two differenwt ays usingthe wordsin bold type.You may usethe wordsin bracketsif you wish
or findyour own way of completlngthe sentencesY. ou must,however,use one of the wordsor expressionsgiven.
-l
Paul continued to play his recordsloudly despite
I (complain/ complaints/ neighbours) eventhough

a I'll comeand visit you this evening if
(time/ late/ work / haveto) unless
I
Margaretaskedme.... if
I (enjoy/ anotherI parry/ drink) for

I Tom is warm and sociable.Angela, on the other hand
(be reserved,shy) in contrast
-
The football matchwascancelled becauseof
!l1s (weatheIr rain lawful / hard)
AS
E You shouldtake an umbrellawith you
(rainlwet/get) rn case
I so that

I,4 Ijustdon'tknow.... : what
(operate/ computer/ buy) how
I

Lesliewill be off work for six weeks in order
(languagecourseI want / do) because

John tried to move the box, but it was such
(weight/ couldn't / heavy)
SO

1O Penny,l.yjr:dintensivelfyor her finals As a result
(pass/ fail/ everyrhing) Unfortunately

a 27.2 Clause Completion

I SentenceCards2
I

a Try to finisheachsentencein two ditferenwt ays usingthe wordsin bold type.Youmay use the wordsin bracketsif you wish
or find your own way of completingthe sentencesY. ou must,however,use one of the wordsor expressionsgiven.

I although
in spiteof
Hilary went to the office on Monday morning,
= (feel/ well)

a

a) until

¡

It was a long drive to Pauline'shouse.\7e didn't arrive

-a (afterI midrright/ time / parry) in

-
¡

z Becauseof this
Frank works a twelve-hourday at his office.

-J (always/ tired I full /energy) Despitethis

a

-¿ Jamestried to follow Anna's instructionsbut they were too
¡ (difficult/ couldn't / follow) so'

¡ who
what
I So we have somegueststonight? Can you tell me
what
t (invite/cook/dinner) where
t
Of course
I I can't find my contact lensesanywhere. Do you know However

rI ( d o / l e a v e / t h e m ) when
if
-l
but
tt 7 Ken's football team never did much training
(lose/ win / championship) SO

I during
while
t Seeyou for lunch tomorrow. Phone and let us know
I (arrive/ bring / friend)

t

I Bill had livedin Spainfor 6 years,
I (make/ mistakes/ fluent/ Spanish)

l

t 10 I'm sick and tired of peoplephoningme
(favourite / watch / TV programme)
I

I

I 27.3 Clause Completion

J Follow-up

Completethe following sentenceasnd situationsusingone of the suggested
wordsor phrases:

L. Susanpractisedveryhard for her drivingtest.
As a resuh/ Howeuer/ Unfortunately

2. On Sundaymorning we went out for a long walk, .
despite / because/ euen thougb

3. Yes,mother,of courseI'll come and visit you . .
,ia u h e n / i f / u n l e s s

4. I'd adviseyou to takeplentyof warm clotheswith you
in case/ as/ so that

5. Richard had beenaway from work for two weeks-
so / in order / becawse

6. It took longerthan we thought to drive to Detroit, and we didn't arrive

I.t until/in/when

I 7. Sallytried her bestto understandthe foreignlanguagechannel,but it was
too/swch/so

8 . Harr¡ I'm comingto your partyon Frida¡ but I don't know
who/when/what

9. Debbiewasveryinte¡estedin my travelsin A^a¡n-ca, ano| as|Ke|omc . . .
how/if/when

1,0.Sonia'sgardenparty was on the hottestday of the year. . - ,
Despitethis / Becauseof this / Of course

11.'S7edecidedto wrire to the hotel well in advance
jwst in case/ so that

1.2.I'veneverhad a holidayin India
aeL.. sprte/t euent,tnougtn

13. Davidt busineshsasreallygrown.
Of course/ Becauseof this

14. l''d havelovedto accepyt our invitation. .

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L5. There'sa terrible shortageof good staff at the moment . . . .
abhough / in s¡tite of

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4¿ Section 5

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-Ira D i c t a t i o n A c t i v i t i e s

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= The activitiesin this sectionare very different from those in the other sections.
4 Learnerslisten to sentences- or in the caseof lesson32, a completestory - and
-{ fill in an answer sheet with a set of target word partnerships.Being able to
= recogniseimportant word partnershipsin a flow of discourseis a vital language
= learningskill and, when listeningto English,learnersneedto be as aware of form

as content. [n lessons29 and 30 learnersare asked to listen for words which
= collocatewith key verbs like make anddo, giue andtake, or haue andget.Inlesson
¡ 31 they listen for prepositionalphrases,and in lesson32 for phrasalverbs.

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-¿ Lesson28: Make andDo

¡ Lesson29: GiveandTake

I Lesson30: HaveandGet

-¡- Lesson3L: PrepositionaPl hrases

Lesson32: PhrasaVl erbs

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Í- 28.1 Make and Do

J DictationSentences

Iir 1. Joesold his old Ford and madea profit of $60.
2. Come on, Jane! \Ve'vebeenwaiting 20 minutes. Pleasemake a decision.
ir 3. Alberto is always afraid of making mistakeswhen he speaksEnglish.
4. I wish this housewould cleanitself. I hate doing the housework.
Il 5. Next summe¡we'd like to do an Italian coursein Perugia.
6. Don't worry about your driving test. Justget in the car and do your best.
I 7. In Britain, young men don't have to do military service.
8. Our company doesmost of its businesswirh EuropeanUnion countries.
T 9. Do you mind waiting five minutes? I havero make a quick phone call.
10. Her idea of pleasureis sitting in front of the TV doing nothing.
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1 1 .If you'reinterestedin buyingJan'sold car,why don't you makeher an offer?
1 2 .The only thing that man is interestedin is makingmoney.
13.Do be quiet! You'remakinga horriblenoise.
1,4.A weekendin Dublin sounds great. I'll make someenquiriesat the travel agency.
1 5 . Freshair and regularexercisealways doesyou good.
76.Tony felt lonely when he first moved to Sydneybut he soon made new friends.
1 7 . Can I make a suggestionabout lunch? rü7hydon't we phone for pizzas?
1 8 .Don't make excuses!If you were more organisedyou would neverbe late.
1 9 .At first Carlos thought Englishwas impossiblebut now he's making progress.
20. Geoffrey's not at home. He's at the sports cenrredoing his keep-fit exercises.

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-= 28.2 M a k e a n d D o l

AnswerSheet

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a--a Make a note of the expressionysou hearcontainingMAKE and DO:

.J DO

-rdl MAKE

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2A.3 Make and Do

Follow-up

Complete the following sentencesusing a word partnership with MAKE or DO'
Tiy to do this without looking at the expressionsat the bottom of the page!

1. This houseis in an awful mess.It's time I
2.l'm sorry to hear you're not feelingwell. Drink this. It'll
3. You won't meetpeoplesitting at home' Go out if you want to
4. Are you coming out or aren't you? 'S7e'rewaiting for you to . . .
5. BeforeClareleavesfor Madrid, she'sgoingto . . .
6. Shutup! I'm tryingto work but it's impossiblewhenyou're. . . .
7. lHow are we going to explain to the bosswhy we're so late?

> Don't worry. I'll . . .
8. Albert's sellinghis video recorderbut wants {300 for it!

>'Well,why don't you . .
9. Andrew hatesthe idea of life in the army but all 18-year-oldshave to . . .
10. '$fihenspeaking,concentrateon communicatingand don't worry about
11. It,s Saturdaytomorrow and no work to do. 'Wecan just relax and
12. Pablo,how are you doing on your Englishcourse?

> It was very difficult at first but now I'm . .

13.JobsatisfactionmeanSmuchmoretomethan.
L4. You're putting on weight. If you want to burn it off you should
15. Don't go on! I know my drivingisn't perfectbut I'm

a decision/ a noise/ money/ progress/ friends/ mistakes/ some excuseI an offet

DO

nothing / somehousework/ a Spanishcourse/ military service/ you good / some
exerciseI my best

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a 29.1 Give and Take

I
I DictationSentences

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¿-l 1. Alwaysdrivesafelyand nevertakeunnecessaryisks.

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2.lhaven't readit yet, but I did giveit a quick glance.

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--¡, 3. Jonathanhastakensomewonderfulphotoswith his hew camera.

= 4. Our neighboursaregivinga partythis weekendandwe'reall invited.

A 5. 'We'rein no hurry to getthere,so you canslow down and rakeyour time.

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a_. 6. Mrs Davis gaveus an interestingtalk on her travelsin Mexico.

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7. Helen took a quick look round the apartmentand decidedshehad to buy it.

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= 8. I'm gettingtired. Shallwe takea break?

= 9. Our hostgaveus a warm welcome:'Sitdown and makeyourselveast home.'

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- 10. If you want to give a good impression,you'd betterwear your new suit.

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= 11.I needsomefreshair. Shallwe rakea shorrwalk?

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- L2. For the new job, the companyneedssomeonewho canwork on theirown and
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- takeresponsibility.

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¡ 13. The refereegavethe centre-forwardafinal warning; 'Nexf time it'll be a red card.'

¡ 14. Rosie,you don'r look well. Let me take your temperarure.

¡ 15. Do turn that musicdown! It's givingme a headache.

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r 16. Steveis studyinghard. In six weeks'time he takeshis final exams.

- 'l'7.Díanathankedher friendsfor all the helptheyhad givenher duringher illness.

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| 18. Mrs Greenegaveher sona big hug to welcomehim home.

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I 79. Barry took greatoffencewhen I told him that he was goingbald.

I 20. Goodbyea, nd havea goodtrip. Takecareof yourselves.

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29.2 Give and Take

AnswerSheet

Make a note of the expressionysou hearcontainingGIVE and TAKE:

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= 29.3 Give and Take

=1 Follow-up

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-¡.4 complete the following sentencesusing a word partnership with GIVE or TAKE.
..aJttl If you needthem, the words ar rhe bottom of the pagewil help you.

¡ L. I'vehada . . at your testsand theylook veryencouraging.

-rJ 2. Jim'sbossgavehirna . . : ,Gerhereon rimeor you,ll be fired.,

a,J 3. Traceysaidthat mountainclimbingwasn'tdangerouas slong asyou didn,t
take

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¿ 4. I think we'd bettertake a

-¡lJ . that shesoon

a 5 . Anne's new colleaguesgaveher sucha
felt at home.

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-¡ 6. \7hich cameraare you using now? you've taken some

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- 7. Joe admimedchathe was in the wrong: ,I take for what
=

happened.'

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¡ 8. Mr Yamamoto gaveusa.. on cultural differencesbetweenthe

r USA and Japan.

t 9. Don't worry, Katie. \7e'll give you . . we can.

T 1 0 .Everybod¡'was very rf fl.enorlry. so IY got a vety of theschool.

I 1 1 .Thanks for phoning. It's beengreat to hear from you. Take

t of yourself.

¡ 12. I wish we didn't haveto go out. Norma alwaysgivessuch

t 13. If only we couldopenthesewindows.Air conditioninggivesme . .

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74. Aftertakinga....
... aroundtheblock,Jennyfeltmuchberrer.
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¡ 15. Jack,when you meetmother,alwayscomplimenther on her cooking,otherwise
shetakes

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I warm welcome boringparties
unnecessaryrisks final warning
I great offence quick break quickglance brisk walk
I fascinatingtalk full responsibility
beautifulphoros good care
I awful headaches all the help
good impression

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30.1 Have and Get

DictationSentences

1. Greatnews! Holly hashad a babygirl - HelenMaria, weight3 kilos.
2. Forgetthe expense.This time we'll get a taxi to the airport.
J. I like your new outfit. Tell me, where did you ger rhoserrousers?
4. It's beena long day. I must havea rest beforeI do anythingelse.
5. Sothe computerwon't print the document? Let me havea try.
6. The streetlayout is confusingin York but you'll soon get to know it.
7. Maureenand Scott'smarriagedidn't last long. They got divorcedafter threemonths.
8. Not again! That couplein the next apartmentare alwayshavingarguments.
9. Did you enjoyyourselves?

> Yes,we all had great fun.
L0. Here's the bar. If you can find somewhereto sir, I'll get the drinks.

l t . Thanks for phoning. I'm glad to hear you're OK. I was beginningto get worried.
12. So you've beenhaving problemswith your washing machineagain.Don't you

think it's time you bought a new one?
13. Let's try this restaurant. It got threestarsin last year'sMichelin Guide.
14. I always feel nervouswheneverthe bosssays:'Could I have a word with you?'
15. If yor-rwant to get fit, why don't you try swimming or cycling?
16.lf I havetime after work, I'll do someshopping.
1'7.Johnand Helen were on their way to Florida. It was six yearssincethey had last

had a holiday.
18. It was a venylongevening.Nancydidn't gethometill midnight.
19. Patrick and Pamela'schildren were delightedwith the presentsrhey got for

Christmas.
20. I've beenhavingsecondthoughts.I think whitewould be a muchbettercolour

for thebedroom.

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I 3(J-.2 Have and Get
AnswerSheet

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= Make a note of the expressionysou hearcontainingHAVE and GET

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