IMD 313 OFA Tokoh pahlawan Malaysia: MAT SALLEH 1. 2. 3. 4.
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MAT SALLEH In Sabah's history, Mat Salleh is an honored figure most known for his strong resistance to British colonialism in the region between 1894 and 1900. Mat Salleh, real name Datu Muhammad Salleh bin Datu Balu was a Bajau warrior who led a rebellion against the administration of the British North Borneo Company. Mat Salleh was born in the 1880s in Inama, Kota Kinabalu. His mother is from the Bajau tribe while his father, Datu Balu, is a local Suluk leader. This makes him a Bajau ethnic group in the region of North Borneo (now known as Sabah). Mat Saleh has other siblings named Ali as his brother meanwhile, Badin and Bolong were their younger brothers. This makes him the second child in a family of four siblings. Before being labeled as a local community leader, he was a trader and farmer.
MAT SALLEH It all started when he showed dissatisfaction with the problems of land rights, taxes, and foreign interference that caused local nobles to lose their power. Because of this, he was considered a threat by the British which was unfair for him and the local community as well. Before the arrival of the British, representatives of the sultanate of Brunei and the sultanate of Sulu did collect taxes from the local population in Sabah, however when the British North Borneo Chartered Company came to their place, they decided to impose very high taxes on the locals which caused Mat Salleh to feel dissatisfied with that situation.The British companies levied high taxes to cover their expenses in building a railway line from Brunei Bay to Cowie Port, and also a telegraph line from Labuan to Sandakan which was intended to facilitate communication between them and the local population.
MAT SALLEH In July 1897, Mat Salleh and his followers began their rebellion by demolishing a number of residences, booths, business administrative buildings in Pulau Raya and setting fire to the resident and company offices in Ambang as a sign of protest. The British then responded by launching a massive army attack on the Mat Salleh’s bastion. Mat Salleh made the decision to step back as a result of this. However, to ensure that the British could never again breach their bastion, Mat Salleh did not give up and rose to prominence by constructing a new, stronger fortified city in Tambunan. After several years, a temporary peace agreement was made but it did not last long until a conflict arose causing Mat Salleh's fortress to be attacked on a large scale by a machine-gun fire resulting in the fortress collapsing in 1900. And that event marked the death of Mat Salleh as a fighter for the nation. To the British North Borneo Chartered Company, he was a rebel and troublemaker, while to his supporters, he was a fierce and skilled warrior, a reputation which remains today. Therefore, until now, he is known for his heroic nature and bravery in war.
List of Figures Archival Materials founded in OFA NO. FIGURES TITLE PAGE 1. FIGURES 3 Potret Mat Salleh 9 2. FIGURES 4 Sebuah Tugu Peringatan 10 3. FIGURES 5 The Sarawak Museum Journal, Volume Xix No. 38-39 - July-December 1971 11 4. FIGURES 6 The Sabah MInister of Culture, Youth and Sports looking at the Mat Salleh memorial stone at Kampung Tibabar in Tambunan, 27 November 1978. 12 5. FIGURES 7 Adm 344/1454 (Gaya Island & Sibuan Island) 13 6. FIGURES 8 The Chief Minister visited the Jambongan Island 14 7. FIGURES 9 Datu Paduka Mat Salleh 15 8. FIGURES 10 Letter of Acquisition of territory from the Sultan of Brunei between the Rivers Sipitong and Trusan. 16
List of Figures Archival Materials founded in OFA NO. FIGURES TITLE PAGE 9. FIGURES 11 Telegram: Mat Salleh Surrendered Took [Oath] Now Returned Agreement Will Keep You Informed, [Treomen] 17 10 FIGURES 12 Cowie, Mr., Traveling in North Borneo; 1.5.1898 18 11. FIGURES 13 Pelan Kedudukan Kota Mat Salleh Di Lembah Tambunan, T.T. 19 12. FIGURES 14 Datu Paduka Mat Salleh 20 13. FIGURES 15 Datu Paduka Mat Salleh, Pahlawan Sabah (Hero Of Sabah) (1894-1900) 21 14. FIGURES 16 The Sarawak Museum Journal, Volume Vii No. 8, 23 - July-December 1956 22 15. FIGURES 17 Copy Of Des. No. 2/1900 To The F.O Forwarding Memo: Giving The True Origin Of The Present Rebellion Headed By Mat Salleh. 23
4.0 FIGURES FOR EACH LISTED ARCHIVAL MATERIAL WITH CAPTIONING AND ACCESSION NUMBER
NO. ACCESSION NUMBER DESCRIPTION 1.0 1998/00066 19W A portrait of the local hero of North Borneo, Mat Salleh, who fought for the liberation of Sabah from the British colonialists.
NO. ACCESSION NUMBER DESCRIPTION 2.0 1998/0006 609W The monument erected in Tambunan is to commemorate Mat Salleh, a warrior and figure who fought for the liberation of Sabah from the British colonialists.
NO. ACCESSION NUMBER DESCRIPTION 3.0 2007/000 1742W In this Sarawak museum journal, people can learn about the history of the Mat Salleh Rebellion Reconsidered.
NO. ACCESSION NUMBER DESCRIPTION 4.0 1978/000 5426S This memorial stone was opened in 1999 at the exact site where Mat Salleh was killed at kampung Tibabar in Tambunan, this memorial was built as a tribute to remember Mat Salleh, who stood up and led a rebellion against company’s rule.
NO. ACCESSION NUMBER DESCRIPTION 5.0 2011/001 1297W South China Sea: Borneo, NE Coast: Celebs SEA: Indonesian Borneo and Sabah: Telukan sebuku At midnight on 9 July 1897, Mat Salleh successfully led his followers to attack the Company's settlement on Gaya Island.
NO. ACCESSION NUMBER DESCRIPTION 6.0 1978/0001 066S The Chief Minister visited the Jambongan Island Jambongan Island is a historical place where SBUB arrested Mat Salleh with four followers for being suspected of being involved in the murder of two Iban citizens who were SBUB agents.
NO. ACCESSION NUMBER DESCRIPTION 7.0 2017/000 2483S A document that contains information about Datu Paduka Mat Salleh, also known as Mat Salleh.
NO. ACCESSION NUMBER DESCRIPTION 8.0 1957/0617 434D A letter relating the desire of the company to acquire territory from the Sultan of Brunei between the Rivers Sipitang and Trusan.In this letter, Pangeran Shabandar reports that Mat Salleh has informed Pangeran Abu Bakar that he wishes to make trouble for the Chartered Company at Sandakan, and next he intends to make a track to Ulu Mengalong from Tambunan.
NO. ACCESSION NUMBER DESCRIPTION 9.0 1957/06169 24W Telegraphic transmission to the marquess of Salisbury regarding the surrender of Mat Salleh.
NO. ACCESSION NUMBER DESCRIPTION 10 2001/004671 7W On January 1, 1898, the managing director of the British North Borneo Company, William C. Cowie traveled to the construction of a crosscountry railway between Brunei Bay and Cowie Harbor which he launched. This construction resulted in the collection of taxes from traders who pass through Sungai Sugut with a high value continuously. This has caused Mat Salleh to see the company's new rules as violating the rights of the natives and causing dissatisfaction and becoming the cause of his rebellion.
NO. ACCESSION NUMBER DESCRIPTION 11 2003/0001832W The picture above displays the layout of the new defensive bastion, which is stronger and sturdy, built by Mat Salleh in the village of Tibabar, Tambunan.
NO. ACCESSION NUMBER DESCRIPTION 12. 2017/0002481S The document contains information of Datu Paduka Mat Salleh, commonly known as Mat Salleh. A prominent figure in the resistance against British colonial rule in North Borneo (now part of Malaysia) during the late 19th century.
NO. ACCESSION NUMBER DESCRIPTION 13. 2008/0005028W Contains the initial agreement and the strengthening of western power in North Borneo, the background, the initial appearance of 1894-1895, the campaign and series of battles of 1896-1898, the agreement of April 23, 1898, the last battle in Tambun 1899-1900 and the struggle after Paduka Mat Salleh 1900-1915
NO. ACCESSION NUMBER DESCRIPTION 14. 2007/00017 35W Borneo from Beyond - LongHouses of prehistoric Europe; Rhinoceros in Borneo: And Traded to China; Borneo before history - Sabah and Sheba; Kota Batu in Brunei; Malay Excavation At Pulo Kra; The Lamunan people; The Animals go Tuba Fishing; Borneo Pioneering - The Diary of Mr. W. Pretyman; The Mat Salleh Rebellion; The Kanowit Punitive Expedition 1934; Borneo mammals, Reptiles & Birds - A new Sarawak Dolphin; The edible turtle in Borneo; Weathers in Borneo
NO. ACCESSION NUMBER DESCRIPTION 15. 1957/0617423W The documents contain copies of memos on the true origins of the rebellion led by Mat Salleh in the 19th century. These sources provide detailed information about the historical context, grievances and events that led to the rebellion.
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