The Gaudie 20th January 2016

Free 20.01.16 facebook/thegaudie | @the_gaudie 07 TheGaudie NEWS Severe flooding in Aberdeen p.4 FEATURES The USA’s love affair with guns p.7 OPINE Trouble in Turkey p.11 SPORT Two teams leading UoA success p.16 By Aemilia Ross A ballot was called after an on-going dispute with the University of Aberdeen over threatened compulsory redundancies. Opening on the 2nd of December and continuing until the 5th of January, University and College Union (UCU) members were asked to vote on the possibility of industrial action, with the result announced the day after votes closed. UCU stated that 74% of those who voted backed strike action, and 79% said they were prepared to take action short of a strike, which could include refusing to set and mark additional work for students. Voter turnout was slightly lower than in the previous ballot in 2014, with 53% of UCU members participating. UCU attributed the lower turnout to the time of year being less than ideal and adverse weather. Ultimately, it was decided that the branch negotiators would meet with University management for a final attempt to resolve the dispute in light of the strong ballot result in favour of major action. If the final talks fail, a day of strike action will follow on a date that is yet to be decided. This will be within a 28-day period, regardless of whether or not the Risk of Redundancy letters have been issued. Thereafter, a workto-rule may be introduced to keep the mandate for action valid. The strikers will be taking legal advice to decide whether or not this would constitute partial performance. On the 30th of March this year, senior management applied to the University Court for permission to initiate compulsory redundancies and a voluntary severance and early retirement scheme. However, the court did not approve the introduction of compulsory redundancies if the savings target of £10.5 million was not met. Since that time, UCU has sought assurances from senior management that there will be no compulsory redundancies in order to enhance the financial surplus. However, UCU have been unable to achieve a concrete agreement from the university. The university refuses to rule out compulsory redundancies even though there has been success in cutting back on expenditure by £8 million. The UCU members worry is that the final £2.5 million in savings the University wants to make could come from forced redundancies. This has lead to growing frustration in the Union. Aberdeen UCU representative Andrew MacKillop said: “This is the second time Aberdeen UCU members have made their willingness to take industrial action crystal clear. The level of support for taking action shows the strength of feeling amongst staff and the ball is now in the manager’s court.” Mr. MacKillop continued: “All the members are asking for is substantive assurances about protecting jobs and ensuring no one starts 2016 with the threat of compulsory redundancy hanging over them.” UCU members voted to walk out over the same issue in June 2014, but industrial action was called off after the university agreed not to make any compulsory redundancies over the summer. Action has been considered multiple times since then. Last year the Union was planning to strike from the 1st to the 6th of July, but called off the action on the 30th of June. Cuts of 150 jobs had been proposed but the two sides came together to work on their differences. However, these talks did not prove successful in the long run with the result being strike action this year. A spokeswoman for the university commented: “We are disappointed by the ballot outcome and intend to continue constructive dialogue with UCU officials with a view to resolving the dispute.” Unrest over staff redundancy threatens strike action For more exclusive, up to date and interesting student content, check out our website: www.thegaudie.co.uk IV Magazine Inside

20.01.16 For the IV. editorial team see page 3 of the supplementary pullout Butchart Centre University Road Old Aberdeen AB24 3UT Tel: 01224 272980 We voluntarily adhere to the Press Complaints Commission Code of Conduct (www.pcc.org.uk) and aim to provide fair and balanced reporting. Head Editors Online Manager News Editors Deputy News Editors Opine Editor Deputy Opine Editor Features Editor Deputy Features Editor Puzzles Editor Sport Editor Gaelic Editor Head Copy Editor Marketing Director Gemma Shields and Richard Wood Darren Coutts Aemilia Ross and Thomas Danielian Huw D’Costa and Michaela Hernychova Maximilian Fischbach Jamie Smith Rebecca Lindsay Rachael McMenemy Hannah Blues David Robertson Alistair Hunter Aemilia Ross Benjeman Farrar Natalia Kajdas Editorial Team Head of Production Deputy Head of Production Production Assistants Illustrators Online Publishing Assistant Claire Livingston Kevin Mathew Gemma Shields Richard Wood Vincent Muir Alex Kither Steven Kellow Production Team Wanting to advertise with the Gaudie? Get in contact with our Marketing Director at [email protected]. Go to our website to download our Media Pack with all our prices, online and print statistics—http://www.thegaudie.co.uk/about/advertise. Editorial Edition 7: Sustainable Success I f I were, reluctantly as it would be, to take on board the ‘new year, new me’ resolution philosophy that is so widely adopted in the month of January and apply it to your student newspaper, I would have to say that I would not want for much. Perhaps we could get faster at producing the thing, or begin respecting (neigh, fearing) deadlines in the same way we do our coursework, perhaps we could even cast a more critical eye on the academic environment we live in and begin to hold the things and people around us to account. In fact perhaps we will. But, for every passive aggressive content reminder sent to our staff, or miffed security guard ushering us out the office in the middle of the night, or admittedly questionable space filler on the weather, seagulls or league tables I’ve had ten more wonderful things to be proud of at The Gaudie. Over the last semester I have watched our team go from strength to strength, or failing that, at least improve their reflexes. As usual our door remains wide open for anyone who wishes to get involved in any capacity, it’s an excellent opportunity to gain invaluable experience and join (in my naturally biased opinion) a truly lovely and ambitious team. We will always strive to improve and be the best versions of ourselves, and grow at what I can only hope will match the immense rate of the leak in the ceiling of our office, but I’m rather proud at this stage for all that we have managed to accomplish thus far. RAISING AND GIVING RAG is back with a bang! After an extremely successful first semester we anticipate this semester to be even bigger. In December we launched the Grub Exam Delivery Service which saw over 250 deliveries – thank you to all those die-hard library late-nighters, you really made the difference. As well as this, RAG went behind the scenes to the University Offices and collected over £250 from all your lecturers and staff. Thank you and I hope our collection got you into the RAGmas spirit. The second semester is now upon us and I bet your #newyearnewme is in full swing. So why don’t we tempt you with a few events to help start off your year a charitable one? Ball Gown Swap Shop – Monday 25th of January, 10am-2pm at AUSA Johnston Board Room So how does it work? You can donate dresses from Monday 18th - Friday 22nd of January between 10am-5pm at AUSA Johnston Hall. All you need to do is fill in a quick form at reception, hand over your dress and you’ll receive your free VIP entry swap ticket. For all those who HAVE donated a dress you will receive a free VIP entry, a free glass of bubbly, free nibbles and any dress for £10. If you haven’t found a dress (which in all fairness will be unlikely), you haven’t paid a penny and donated your dress to charity. If you HAVEN’T donated a dress, it will be £3 entry with a glass of bubbly and nibbles. You will then pay for the dress as price-marked, which may be anything between £15-25. Star Wars Refresher Quiz – Monday 25th of January, 7.30pm for 8pm start at the Bobbin Come and test your Star Wars knowledge out in your favourite campus bar the Bobbin. Minimum donation of £1 per person with teams of 4. Do you know your Luke Skywalker from you Chewbacca? Go to ‘AUSA Raising and Giving - RAG’ on Facebook for more details. p.2

20.01.16 News Editors: Aemilia Ross & Thomas Danielian Photos left to right by: Thomas Danielian; TBEC (Wikimedia Commons) This is great news for the University, and highlights the progress we are making in an increasingly competitive global education environment. University of Aberdeen in top 40 of new Times ranking In the most recent Times Higher Education (THE) rankings the University of Aberdeen placed 37th, 2nd in Scotland. The new ranking puts the top 200 universities with the best international outlook in order from 1st to 200th. Aberdeen was the 2nd highest Scottish university, with St Andrews on three places ahead in 34th place. In Britain the University of Aberdeen was 14th. The THE list is considered to be very prestigious for universities. Upon hearing about the University’s high placement, Principal Professor Sir Ian Diamond expressed his enthusiasm about the rankings. In he a statement he said: ‘This is great news for the University, and highlights the progress we are making in an increasingly competitive global education environment.’ He went on to state: ‘We also enjoy a number of collaborations with leading international universities which is helping to drive our world-renowned research and teaching activity.’ The principal also pointed to the University of Aberdeen’s wide variety of nationalities in both the staff and student body. Over 120 nationalities are currently represented at the university. It is hoped that the high ranking will continue to attract overseas candidates and further strengthen Aberdeen as a culturally diverse university. The editor of THE, Phil Baty, explained the importance of being an internationally strong university: ‘The top institutions hire faculty from all over the world, attract students from a global market of top talent and collaborate with leading departments wherever they happen to be based.’ The list was topped by Qatar University, followed by the University’s of Luxembourg and of Hong Kong. Imperial College London (10th) was the United Kingdom’s top ranked institution. By Thomas Danielian Aberdeen University scientists have discovered high levels of selenium in UK rock samples of an area earmarked for shale gas extraction. The study, done by the School of Geosciences at Aberdeen University, has shown high levels of selenium—excessive amounts of which can cause risk to human health—in rock samples from the Bowland Shale in the north of England, an area with substantial shale gas resources. The research team also discovered high levels of the element in equivalent rocks in Ireland, where shales have previously been found to result in selenium toxicity in livestock. This raises concern about the possibility of element being released into groundwater during fracking. Leader of the study, Professor John Parnell, commented: ‘A major factor to be considered during shale gas drilling is the accompanying water, which may contain chemicals that require careful treatment. ‘Recently, there was widespread concern in the US when water wells near a shale drilling site were found to contain selenium at levels that exceeded the maximum amount considered safe to drink, and this was assumed to have been released from the shale during drilling. ‘Indeed, a number of the samples we tested exceeded the far stricter European Union limits, so it is clear that any drilling to extract shale gas in the Bowland Shale area must be carefully managed.’ As well as the risks, the findings also indicated the opportunities that could arise from the presence of selenium in the Bowland Shale. Professor Parnell noted: ‘Selenium is a rare element for which demand is likely to increase, so there is a commercial incentive here which companies will no doubt be mindful of ’. By Amanda Connelly Aberdeen findings show high levels of selenium in UK shale Taiwan Tsai Ing-wen, of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), has become Taiwan’s first female President. The DPP want Taiwanese independence from China. Burkina Faso 28 have died and 56 were injured in an attack carried out by African Al-Qaeda militants in Burkina Faso. The Attack took place at Hotel in the capital, Ouagadougou. Iran Economic sanctions on Iran have been lifted. The restrictions were put in place over a decade ago. Iran’s compliance with the nuclear deal triggered the reversal. With Thomas Danielian Around the World in 80 Words By Oliver Sundström Panzar Two senior researchers from the University of Aberdeen have been working together to understand pros and cons of E-Cigarettes. The pair, Dr. Heather Morgan and Dr. Steve Turner, will reveal their findings at the first lecture of the Café MED series. There investigation will observe both the social and health related aspects of E-Cigarette smoking as well as looking into the quick rise in ‘vapers’. Dr. Turner will discuss the medical research available on E-Cigarettes, focusing on science and the view of the NHS on vaping devices and habits. Dr. Morgan will focus more on the psychological and social process of E-Cigarette usage. For her research Dr. Morgan interviewed vapers, including those who had used it to replace smoking. Dr. Turner believes that E-Cigarettes is having a huge impact on society. He said “The emergence of e-cigarettes on our high streets has added a further dimension to the already highly charged public debate about the place of nicotine in our society.” Dr. Morgan added: “Many people feel that vaping is a healthier choice than smoking and as a result have replaced cigarettes with e-cigarettes. However, we are yet to learn the long-term effects of vaping and if it really does help people stop smoking.” The team will present their findings at the Café MED lecture this month and then open up the lecture for debate and discussion on the work and other opinions. The ‘No smoke without e-cigarettes’ event took place at the Suttie Centre Lecture Theatre, Foresterhill on Monday 18th at 6pm. More information the talk can be found at engagingaberdeen.co.uk. University to Investigate E-cigarettes p.3

20.01.16 Aberdeen hit with low Government funding figures Aberdeen, the third biggest city in Scotland, is one of the only six local councils to receive less than £100m from the Scottish Government for the 2016/17 period. The other councils receiving funding of less than £100 million are Shetland, Orkney, the Western Isles, Clackmannanshire and West Dumbartonshire, which all combined have comparable population to Aberdeen City. Aberdeen council chiefs called the awarded funding ‘measly’, dubbing the city the ‘poor man of Scotland’. The average amount of funding coming from the government is at 58.6% across Scotland. Aberdeen has been granted £97.5m, which makes up 24.4% of its budget, significantly less than most other councils. Aberdeen and Edinburgh are the only two councils to receive an additional £13.2 million subsidy as a result of receiving funding per person lower than 85% of the Scottish average. In contrast, Aberdeenshire and Highlands councils will receive £308 million of government funding each. Other Scottish cities have also been awarded larger sums than Aberdeen City—Glasgow will receive £835 million, Edinburgh £325 million, and Dundee £212 million. City council finance convener Willie Young said Aberdeen has been the ‘powerhouse of the Scottish economy for years’. However, with the oil industry currently grappling with job losses and large budget cuts, the city needs more funding than in previous years. ‘We have been a victim of our own success’, Young stated, ‘because we traditionally have brought in lots in business rates. ‘It’s a disgrace that a city the size of Aberdeen should subsidise the rest of Scotland.’ He also noted that the city of Dundee is getting ‘much more funding’, despite having a smaller population than Aberdeen. Some, including Finance viceconvener Ross Thomson, worry the tight government funding provides ‘no incentive’ for the city to grow its economy. He added: ‘This just shows we are becoming the poor man of Scotland’. Although the local council chiefs have voiced their displeasure, the Scottish Government does not plan to review the figures. A spokesperson for the government stated: ‘No council receives less than 85% of the adjusted Scottish average. ‘Funding allocations for councils are calculated using the needs-based formula agreed with Cosla. ‘The Scottish Government has again provided £25million to support council budgets that would otherwise have had funding per head lower than 85% of the average.’ They added Aberdeen will again receive the majority of the additional funding, £13.9 million. By Michaela Hernychova Photos left to right by: Marathon; William Warby (Flickr) This stateowned company is facing operating issues just like its fellow operators in the region. Severe weather damage to Aberdeen and economy By Ann-Christin Mayer For the past two week, north-east Scotland has been severely affected by flooding, resulting in disruptions in travel and economy. Dozens of Aberdeenshire homes had to be evacuated due to ‘threat to life’ warnings as rivers all over the north-east breached their banks. The Scottish economy lost an estimated £700m due to the impact of storms Frank and Eva, as reported by the BBC, with small businesses not covered for flood damage facing costs of up to £100,000 to repair their shops. Travel disruptions all over Scotland left many stranded, as railways and major roads like the A90 were closed, and a damaged runway at Aberdeen airport had twenty passengers sleeping at the terminal on Thursday night as flights were cancelled. Motorists were advised to delay travel completely unless it was essential. As the River Don reached its highest level in 42 years, with 5.5 m at Park Hill in Aberdeen, homes in Inverurie, Port Elphinstone and Ellon were evacuated, and residents were put into rest centres last week. Some local hotels opened their doors, letting people use their rooms free of charge. Aberdeen city has largely been spared the most extreme extent of flooding, though local bridges and roads were temporarily closed, and Seaton Park was under water. Now that the situation has calmed down slightly, the government have announced their action plan to prevent further flood damage, investing £235m to support the (approximately) 28,000 people affected by recent severe weather. Their main efforts will be to raise awareness for the dangers of flooding so people can react more efficiently when the improved flood forecasting warns of risky weather conditions. Additionally, emergency response is to be mapped out more clearly so emergency services can react faster. Also, to reduce flood risk, the government plans to avoid ‘new development in areas with medium to high likelihood of flooding’. In answer to this plan, WWF Scotland director Lang Banks reminded the government of the importance of reducing emissions in Scotland as the climate change aggravates flood risks, saying that ‘the devastation caused by the recent winter flooding is a timely reminder of why doing so is vitally important.’ Temperatures have plummeted since, and ice and snow seem to pose the next risk for north-east Scotland, with a low of -2C expected in Aberdeen city over the next few days. The city of Dundee is getting ‘much more funding’, despite having a smaller population than Aberdeen. p.4

20.01.16 Photos left to right by: Boon Low; Gordon Aikman I am particularly delighted to start a new challenge with a charity which does so much for older people in Scotland Aberdeen MSP steps down months before Scottish elections Richard Baker, a leading Labour representative for the Scottish North East region, has stepped down from the Holyrood parliament just four months before the elections. He had previously announced his intentions to stand down at the elections, but his early resignation comes as a surprise to many political commentators. He is stepping down to work for Age Scotland, having worked for Help the Aged before becoming an MSP in 2003. As Baker was a regional MSP, rather than a constituency one, there will be no by-election. Instead, the Dundee city councillor, Lesley Brennan, who was next on Labour’s list in the 2011 election, has taken Baker’s seat. Speaking to the Scotsman, Baker said: ‘Having worked for Help the Aged before I was elected, I am particularly delighted to start a new challenge with a charity which does so much for older people in Scotland. I want to thank members again for their support over the years and my colleagues in parliament’. Richard Baker recently stood to be Deputy Leader of the Scottish Labour party last year, but came third, losing out to Alex Rowley who won with 37.4% of the first preference votes. He went to the University of Aberdeen and remained involved in the University by going to events such as the Earl Marshall debate. By Richard Wood MSP apologises over ‘no jobs crisis’ remark An SNP MSP has apologised after stating that there was ‘no jobs crisis’ in the North-East oil industry despite months of uncertainty and job losses. Dennis Robertson, MSP for Aberdeenshire West, was speaking in a debate in the Scottish Parliament where he noted that the North Sea oil industry was ‘booming’ and that the industry has ‘extracted more oil than ever before in the North Sea’. His remarks came following news from industry analysts Oil & Gas UK that said oil production in the North Sea rose by 7% in 2015. However, Mr Robertson’s remarks were heavily criticised by the opposition who pointed to the comments as evidence that the SNP Government was ‘ignoring the jobs crisis in the North Sea’. Scottish Labour leader Kezia Dugdale responded by saying ‘I think the member’s constituents will find that an absolutely astonishing remark, as will the 50,000 people directly employed by the oil industry in Aberdeen’. Mr Robertson’s remarks came just one week before BP announced their 600 job losses in the North Sea. These latest job losses are unlikely to be the last announced in the industry in 2016 as the Scottish Parliament forecast as many as 16,000 workers could lose their job if the oil price remains below $60 a barrel. Worldwide oil prices have fallen to just over $30 a barrel, a third of its price 18 months ago, in a decline that was unforeseen by industry experts which has led to major job losses in the UK and elsewhere. By Steven Kellow Pro-EU campaign leaders appointed in Scotland Key figures from both sides of the Scottish independence referendum will come together and campaign to remain in the European Union under the Scottish operation of the Britain Stronger in Europe group. Frank Roy, former Labour MP for Motherwell and Wishaw for 18 years, has been appointed campaign director in Scotland by Britain Stronger in Europe. Mr. Roy, a former steelworker who later served as government whip in parliament, was the political coordinator of the Better Together campaign. Kevin Pringle, former media director and specialist advisor for the Scottish National Party, will assist by leading the Charlotte Street Partners firm which will provide communications support. A referendum on whether the UK should remain in or leave the European Union is to be held before the end of 2017, though it could feasibly be held as early as mid-2016. Will Straw, executive director of Britain Stronger in Europe, said: ‘Frank and Kevin have both served their different parties well, and I believe will serve Scotland as a whole well by working together in an inclusive Stronger In campaign’. Kevin Pringle said: ‘In the independence referendum, both the Yes and No campaigns stressed the importance of European membership, and therefore we can bring people together in Scotland on what is a widely shared position to wanting to keep the benefits of remaining in the EU. Indeed, a successful In campaign can be an important element in helping to bridge the divide of the independence referendum’. Scottish First Minister and leader of the SNP Nicola Sturgeon has warned that were the UK to vote to leave the EU whilst Scotland voted to stay in, it would be a ‘democratic outrage’. This becomes pertinent in light of a recent poll by Survation in December which showed 51% of people in the UK wanting to leave Europe and 49% wishing to stay; the same survey also showed in contrast 58% of Scottish voters wanting to stay with 42% wishing to leave. Fu r the r announcemen t s o f appointments within the Britain Stronger In Europe campaign are due to follow in the coming weeks. By Huw D’Costa p.5

20.01.16 BP is to cut 600 jobs from the company’s North Sea operations. The Oil firm will also be cutting 400 jobs globally, which amounts to 5% of the workforce. The oil company said that its cut would all come in the exploration and drilling business. A spokesperson for the firm stated that the company ‘want to simplify structure and reduce costs without compromising safety’. These cuts come as oil prices continue to free fall with price per barrel dropping below $30 before rallying back up. Petrofac—with operational centres in the United Kingdom in Aberdeen, Great Yarmouth and Woking—could cut up to 160 jobs across the country in an attempt to save costs through a restructuring plan as well. Established in Aberdeen in 1992, Petrofac announced it will be creating a single business by incorporating its services. A spokesperson for the company stated that the cuts were a necessary measure in ensuring that the business remained ‘as cost efficient and delivery-focused as possible’. ‘Integration of our UK services will deliver a streamlined and effective business which is designed to ensure we remain competitive and sustainable against a challenging industry backdrop’. The company is unclear as to the areas that these job cuts will be from. But the spokesperson also stated that they are ‘making every effort to minimise the impact on our 1,900 UK employees’. Workforce consultations is said to be taking place later this month. The effects of the damaged oil and gas market are being felt globally as well. State owned, Brazilian company Petrobras announced it would be reducing investment by $32 billion dollars. This equates to 25% of funding. Oil production in Africa has also been heavily effected leading to further unrest in the region. Photo by Richard Webb ‘Integration of our UK services will deliver a streamlined and effective business which is designed to ensure we remain competitive and sustainable against a challenging industry backdrop’. Crude oil price sinks below $30 per barrel. 11-year low The price of oil has dropped to its lowest price in 11 years, briefly falling as low as $29.96 a barrel. Bench crude, which is regarded as the international benchmark, has since gone up to $30.22 following a consistent decline of oil prices by 70% in the past 15 months. Issues o f oversupply, poor international demand, unrest in the Middle East and the current strength of the US dollar are all said to be contributing to the price drop. The fall to below the $30 mark also fulfils a prediction made by Goldman Sachs in 2015 that crude oil could drop to lower than $30 per barrel, but there are fears that the low price may persist for months or even years. Russia has since had to consider revising its 2016 federal budget in anticipation of diminished profits in the oil market. Around half of the government’s revenue comes from taxes on oil and gas, and projections made in the budget are based on $50 a barrel oil prices, which President Vladimir Putin says now seems unlikely. At its current price, the prospect of profit looks considerably poor for much of North Sea oil production, as it costs an average of $50 to extract just one barrel of oil. The news does not bode well for the future of North Sea oil production, which had previously been proposed as an economic cornerstone of an independent Scotland. By Max Lotter By Jenny Allan & Thomas Danielian BP and Petrofac face serious cuts Trump threatens to withhold £700 million US presidential hopeful Donald Trump has been accused of blackmailing after claimed he would withhold a planned £700 million investment in Scotland should Westminster prevent him from entering the UK. A petition that gathered over 570 thousand signatures before being closed called for Mr. Trump to be refused entry to the UK after he introduced his controversial plans to temporarily ban Muslims traveling to the US. The petition is set to be debated in the House of Commons on the 18th of January, with the final outcome to be decided by the Home Secretary Theresa May. Trump Organisation responded to the notion with a statement warning implementing any travel restrictions would ‘immediately end’ planned £500m Aberdeenshire and £200m South Ayrshire golf course improvement plans and ‘all future investments we are currently contemplating’. ‘Westminster would create a dangerous precedent and send a terrible message to the world that the United Kingdom opposes free speech and has no interest in attracting inward investment’, the statement continued. The author of the petition, Suzanne Kelly from Aberdeen, called Trump’s response a ‘temper tantrum’, adding that the irony of such reaction coming from ‘a man who wants to ban Muslims from entering the US […] is apparent to everyone except the tycoon himself ’. Mr. Trump has made similar threats in the past after disagreeing with the plan for an off-shore wind farm project off the coast of Aberdeen. His appeals in the court were denied after years of legal battles. The petition calling for banning the property tycoon from the UK is not the sole instance of the British public expressing their displeasure with Mr. Trump’s rhetoric in the past months. His honorary degree by Robert Gordon University was revoked after 300,000 people called for such action, due to his comments being ‘wholly incompatible’ with the institution’s ethos and values. By Michaela Hernychova p.6

20.01.16 The New Year has only just begun and already the US has seen over 1,500 gun violence incidents with over 400 people dead and twice as many injured. In such a climate it’s unsurprising that Barack Obama has—controversially—started the year by using his executive power to make background checks on gun purchasers universal, as well as to educate citizens on the existing laws and to enforce them. Realistically, however, are any positive changes to be expected, or will the President’s actions just stir up the passions of gun-loving civilians and politicians? The story of the USA’s turbulent love affair with firearms goes back to the Second Amendment of the Bill of Rights which protects the right to keep and bear arms. Since then, though various safety precautions (like banning bullets capable of penetrating bulletproof vests) have been implemented, either in particular states or on a nationwide basis, the founding principle of the right remains intact and fiercely protected. Around one in three households has a gun, and gun sales spike each time there’s a mass shooting or even a mention of tightening the control on firearm ownership. Since 1995, violent crime rates in the US have been in decline, yet in 2015 there was a total of over 52,000 incidents of gun violence including 330 mass shootings and almost 2,000 accidental shootings – all results up slightly from 2014. Around two thirds of gun violence deaths are suicides. These statistics don’t depict a country in control of what the population does with the guns that are theirs by right, it portrays a country with a gun control problem. In this context, Obama’s attempt to stiffen the rules appears rather modest and verging on symbolic. Arguably, he is mainly reinforcing laws already in place: extending background checks to people buying guns at gun shows and on the internet, working on the efficiency and effectiveness of the background checks themselves and improving the tracking of stolen arms. None of these actions should get in the way of responsible citizens buying a weapon, whereas those who find they cannot acquire one under the tighter regulations probably shouldn’t have been able to get them to begin with. Nowhere does the President mention the confiscation of guns— which is what the general public appears to fear most. Obama has also stressed that these measures cannot and are not expected to instantly fix all gun violence. Most likely, a first-time offender with no previous criminal record will still be able to buy a gun just as easily and then use it destructively—be it on oneself or on a room full of school children. A potential suicide will hardly mind a smudge on their record; a murderer with a premeditated plan only needs to acquire supplies once. Also, most criminals don’t necessarily become disheartened if they find they can’t buy a gun legally. There are other, less or barely controlled avenues for the criminal to go down – and to be a criminal by definition means to disregard the law. These facts point to the symbolic nature of Obama’s approach, however, a symbolic number of lives saved is still a victory say supporters of the new laws. Those who support greater gun control believe a greater victory would be to isolate and remedy the factors causing the underlying issue. Why do so many Americans see violence towards either others or themselves as an answer? Ultimately, even though tightening gun laws is seemingly common sense, the environment pushing citizens to violence appears to persist. Guns are not the only way to cause destruction; there are many different ways to commit suicide and accidents can happen even with the strictest regulations in place. Furthermore, why are some American citizens so untrusting of the police and are worried enough about their own safety to become panic stricken at the mention of gun control? General unease in the public is also something for the government to consider. As long as firearms don’t become a scapegoat for all the other problems in society—many of which, like poverty, ignorance of mental health and discrimination can cause the violence to begin with—the debate on gun control can be, if not miraculously effective, then at least modestly successful. The Presidential elections later this year may see the candidates’ rhetoric shifting somewhat to emphasise their stance on gun policies. Bernie Sanders, Democratic candidate, released a statement supporting the executive action taken by Obama and didn’t miss the opportunity to: ‘no mass shooting … will inspire Republicans to put children and innocent Americans over the interests of the NRA’. Hilary Clinton—for whom gun policy is the only aspect in which she is potentially more left-wing than Bernie Sanders— also supports the President’s actions and claims she will continue his work if elected. The Republican candidates are less enthusiastic: all of them, especially Ted Cruz and Donald Trump, have accused Obama of trying to undermine the Second Amendment. The Republican candidates are sure to go back on Obama’s executive action upon election. They have also taken measures to advance the notion that the Government, instead of just tightening laws, is actively trying to confiscate guns, arguably thus adding to the panic and trying to scare citizens into voting against the President’s party on election day. The split opinion over the issue may help the voter differentiate between Republicans and Democrats, however, choosing a candidate from within either party will still come down to their opinions and plans concerning the more profound, underlying problems. Though any form of action against violence is worthwhile as every life saved counts, Obama’s endeavour is so far more of a first step towards moderate results than a great—or significant— accomplishment. His time in office is ticking away, so the gun control issue, as one of the last of his undertakings, will at best direct the next President to one of the primary issues to tackle, but is unlikely to be a complete victory for Obama’s Presidency. In this context, Obama’s attempt to stiffen the rules appears rather modest and verging on symbolic. Features Editor: Rachael McMenemy By Gabija Barnard Obama sends guns packing The USA’s turbulent love affair with firearms and the Presidential election Photo by UK Parliament (Flickr) Photo by Thomas Hawk (Flickr) p.7

20.01.16 The Aberdeen UCU (AUCU) committee asked members to collect the record of their working hours that has been compiled by the University of Aberdeen (UoA). As a way to allow their main public funders to allocate financial support to UK Universities appropriately, they have been required to report what proportion of time staff spend on teaching, research and administration. For the last 3 years many staff have been requested (roughly once a year) to compile a Time Allocation Schedule (TAS) in which every 15 minutes of the working week is allocated to specific tasks. But this data has never been used to work out how much time staff are working. When AUCU asked the UoA for the information, they were told it was not available. But it turns out, every member of staff who has completed a TAS diary can still access their data. AUCU recently asked its members to report back the number of hours they worked on each occasion they completed the TAS diary, and 62 staff responded providing 107 individual records of working hours (full report available on request to [email protected]). Responses came from academic staff on grades 7, 8 and 9 in all Colleges. The average working week was 54.2 hrs, and the distribution is shown in the figure. The pattern for the work that academics perform that emerges is: — 6% work at or marginally below expected (37.5 hrs) — 75% work at least 1 day (7.5 hrs) more than expected — 61% work above working time directive of 48 hrs — 54% work at least 2 days (15 hrs) more than expected — 45% work over 55 hrs a week — 31% work at least 3 days (22.5 hrs) more than expected — 13% work at least 4 days (30 hrs) more than expected These figures are shocking and, if they are representative of academics’ working hours across the university, they are a cause for serious pragmatic, moral, and managerial concern. Pragmatic because students are entitled to wonder how good the quality of teaching preparation, delivery, feedback and marking can be if their lecturers are working so much, especially as it has been established that work productivity increases when people work 8 hours a day rather than 9, that work efficiency drops after 50 hrs a week and ‘falls off a cliff ’ when someone works over 55hrs (as broadcast on Wednesday 18th November in BBC radio 4 programme ‘The Joy of 9 to 5’ (http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/ b06pbw9v ). And pragmatic also because the long term sustainability of the University system requires that people who are currently students will want to enter the profession. It’s a moral concern because people should not be working this much if they do not want to. First they have a legal right not to work over 48hrs under the UK’s Working Time Regulations (http://www.hse.gov.uk/contact/faqs/ workingtimedirective.htm) if they don’t want to, even though the UK has opted out of the more restrictive EU Working Time Directive. Second, there is good evidence that they should not work excessively for health and safety reasons. A recent paper in the Lancet compiling 25 research studies on more than half a million people found a statistically significant trend in increased stroke risk with increasing workload over 40 hrs with a 33% increased risk with work over 55 hrs (Kivimaki et al. 2015). ‘The Joy of 9 to 5’ broadcast highlights research that shows if you work excessively over a long period then by the end of your career you are more likely to suffer cognitive loss, a decline in your ability to solve problems, and have a greater susceptibility to both depression and early-onset dementia. Finally, working people have a moral right to have time to engage in activities other than work, including spending time with family, friends and their wider community, spending time on leisure activities, and time to actually rest. Lastly, the responses suggest that University management is out of touch with reality. They are drawing up policy on workload modelling that assumes a working week of 37.5 hrs and senior managers have said in open meetings that academics should be able to do their job in 37.5 hrs. They would try to argue that these working hours are done purely voluntarily and there is no pressure put on staff to do it. But almost no-one believes that. And that is not what the Staff Satisfaction Surveys reveals. In the 2012 Staff Satisfaction Survey 34% of all UoA staff (not just academics) indicated they worked more than they were contracted to because they were expected to. Aberdeen, by the way, is unlikely to be unusual. A survey of all HEIs by UCU in 2012 found that 50% of respondents at UoA indicated they always or often ‘have to neglect some tasks because I have too much to do’ which was actually a little less bad than the 58% average across all HE institutions. Although the numbers collected by AUCU may not be representative of working hours across UoA, they indicate the presence of a potentially huge problem. They strongly suggest that the demands being made on academics are jeopardising the quality of education that students receive and putting the long-term health of staff at risk. Moreover, this data calls into question the claim by UoA that its current cost-saving endeavour, which involves reducing staff numbers and thereby increasing remaining staff ’s workload, will not have a negative impact on the student experience. The way that UoA responds to this data will be a great test of the sincerity of the Senior Management, since the new UoA Strategic Plan 2015-2020 claims on the first page that one of our five values is ‘Respect for all, both within and beyond the University’. Further reading Kivimaki M et al. 2015. Long working hours and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished data for 603 838 individuals. The Lancet 386: 1739-1746. Schell P 2014. Work less, do more, live better. Time Higher Education Supplement 7th August https:// www.timeshighereducation.com/ features/work-less-do-more-livebetter/2014929.article Figure 1. Frequency distribution of working hours per week (corrected to account for part time work) from 107 TAS diaries. By Dr Adam Price How much do our academics work? An awful, awful lot if data obtained by the University and College Union is representative These figures are shocking and, if they are representative of academics’ working hours across the University, they are a cause for serious pragmatic, moral and managerial concern. 25-29.75 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 30-34.75 35-39.75 40-44.75 45-49.75 50-54.75 FTE-corrected hrs/week 55-59.75 60-64.75 65-69.75 70-74.75 75-79.75 80-84.75 85-89.75 Frequency Photo by Antonio Litterio (Wikimedia Commons) p.8

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I had to face an ‘inner fear’ during a long phase when I was at high school. ‘Lazy’ is one of the words which I don’t want to be associated with and I’ve always had negative feelings towards it. So I tried many things in order to avoid this label. As a result, I started to overwork for school. I received good and bad grades but I wasn’t happy at school. I read a lot and went to bed after midnight. The next morning I was very tired and I often slept through the courses. It became worse in the following years. I can’t remember a single time where I wasn’t studying for a test. I was afraid of failure and I didn’t have real friends at school. I often felt lonely and misunderstood. My main focus was my academic life. I wanted to become a teacher but I always had this secret dream of becoming a writer. I wrote a lot when I was younger; a diary, poems, short stories and even the first chapters of a book. But even though I enjoyed writing, I struggled with my essays and I became anxious. When I was 17, I fell seriously ill and I had to stay in hospital for three months. Before the breakout of my illness, I couldn’t sleep for seven days and I lost control at school. These three months were the most significant phase in my life and I learnt that there was a life outside of school and I became the happy girl I used to be. It took a certain time to recover because the doctor had to find the right medication for my mental illness. The first two weeks, I was like a zombie, then I became the euphoric girl who turned the whole department upside down with her singing. Then finally I returned to my true self. I still remember the people I met at hospital, each of them had their own difficulties, problems and illnesses. Some were in a much more miserable situation than I was; young girls and boys who suffered from an eating disorder, self-harmed or had experiences with drugs. These three months were worth it because I took out the best of it: I confessed my infatuation with a boy, even though I’d just met him for a day; I cheered up the sad ones and gave them little gifts; I fell in love with SingStar; I spent my afternoons drawing and crafting, reading magazines, chatting with my roommates, going on Fridays to the forest and I called myself ‘The Princess and the Pea’. The team who accompanied us everyday was wonderful, I still can’t stop admiring them. I was a difficult patient in the beginning because I didn’t want to accept my stay at the hospital. But I realised it was good to not see the people from school for a while. I was fed up with everything and it was like a break, not exactly a summer holiday, but an excursion to another world which was more exciting and enriching than any school lesson. So when I returned to school in September, I just had this thought: ‘Nothing has changed’. I got used to the system again and I graduated, but I was just happy when I could leave the building. After that I worked for a while as a substitute teacher and then I went to university. I learned to overcome my fears which were unfounded, I became friends with people who are part of an amazing group and redis- covered my passion for writing.

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20.01.16 Nature, at its best, can often provide us with a sense of almost unparalleled well-being. At its worst, it can reduce us to panic-stricken animals, scrambling to maintain a life we thought was safe from something as regularly mundane as the weather. This winter, the harsher side of nature reared its head. Whenever something as damaging (and expensive) as mass flooding occurs there are always a variety of opinions about what specific solutions should be implemented by the Government. In the case of flooding this could, perhaps, be summed-up with a single question: To dredge or not to dredge? Firstly, it might be helpful to provide a short description of what dredging actually is, and its environmental effects. The definition provided by the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM)—a professional body that conducts independent research into water and environmental management in the UK. They state that dredging is ‘the systematic removal of accumulated material from river and other watercourse channels’. They also go onto say that, in its most extreme form, dredging can be defined as the practice of re-aligning rivers to create ‘linear, canalised watercourses. Basically, dredging is the practice of scouring riverbeds of all obstruction (and, as a consequence, life) and straightening watercourses so that water flows from its source to the sea in as direct a route as possible. On first sight the logic of dredging is apparent. By allowing water to flow from its source to the sea in a straight line and without ‘obstruction’ then that means there is less chance of it ending up in our living rooms, right? Sadly, it just isn’t that simple. Dredging isn’t a terribly easy thing to do. It involves machinery, manpower, money and repetition—after a while all that ‘accumulated material’ accumulates once again. It simply isn’t feasible, both financially and in terms of engineering, to dredge the entirety of river. Instead local authorities and farmers can only dredge small portions of a river and its various tributaries. This is where dredging begins to look troublesome. While those living near a dredged watercourse may escape flooding due to the increased water flow passing through their stretch of river in record time, those further downstream suffer the consequences of such a speedy influx. Locally it may be useful, but nationally the consequences are disastrous: the towns and cities further downstream from dredged riverbeds will always be the ones to suffer. As a CIWEM report on the subject states: ‘dredging cannot hope to prevent flooding caused when heavy rainfall results in flows that vastly exceed the capacity of a river channel’. In short, dredging isn’t necessarily the answer to Britain’s flood defence crisis. Liz Truss—the Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and therefore the woman responsible for putting together a long-term flood defence strategy for the UK—doesn’t seem to see dredging as problematic, despite the previously discussed evidence provided. At a recent speech given at the annual Oxford Farming Conference she announced that her government will soon ‘allow farmers across the country to maintain ditches of up 1.5km long from April, so they can dredge and clear debris and manage the land to stop it getting waterlogged’. This policy—soon to be enacted in the interests of ‘getting rid of unnecessary red tape’—is dangerous. It will allow farmers to protect their fields (which often act as floodplains during increased rainfall) by dredging the stretches of river on their land, thus increasing the risk to communities downstream. Of course, for farmers a flooded field means a loss of profit. However, surely it is better to allow uninhabited land to flood rather than let that water flow to the cities downstream causing, as it did this year, enormous amounts of damage and suffering. Arguably, sometimes red tape is necessary if the interests of the many are to be placed before the profits of the few. So, what do critics of dredging suggest? There is no single answer to that question, but the scientists and hydrologists of this country have a few ideas. One option: less sheep and more trees. Grazing sheep on hillsides allows them to trample the ground beneath their feet into a hard, largely impregnable surface. During periods of increased rainfall the water, instead of being absorbed into the ground and thus alleviating the amount of water in the rivers, slides right over the top and into the nearest stream. If those sheep were to be replaced with trees however (namely native deciduous woodlands) then a great deal of the water would be absorbed into the ground instead of heading straight to the nearest brook. A 2013 scientific study on the subject announced: ‘median soil infiltration rates were 67 times greater in plots planted with trees compared to grazed pasture’. In plain English: trees help absorb water before it can reach our rivers, while sheep do the exact opposite. Another possible solution is to build lagoons or dams that essentially act as valves that control the amount of water entering a stretch of river at any one time. Furthermore, the expense of this could be limited by allowing nature to do this for us by introducing beavers. They are, as everybody knows, expert dam builders. In essence, there is no sure-fire way to stop flooding. Like every other natural occurrence it is largely unpredictable. But with long-term, scientifically informed planning the British government could make huge strides in making this country better prepared for extreme weather events (which are more or less guaranteed due to climate change). People are fed up of disasters like this being politicised. Reading through the debate that occurred in the House of Commons on the 6th of January regarding the recent floods it is hard not to feel frustrated seeing Liz Truss and various other Conservative politicians bringing up the failures of a Labour government long out of office: ‘Let us remember what happened when Labour left office in 2010. The then Chief Secretary left a note saying, “I’m afraid there is no money”. Labour would not have had the money to invest in flood defences, as we have.’ How do statements like these help anyone? In times of crisis we need wellplanned, wide-ranging, and scientifically informed action that helps people cope in this ever-changing, ecologically unstable world. It’s a shame that the only person with the power to inflict such change seems to be focused on belittling the Opposition with references to something that happened over half a decade ago instead of focussing on finding solutions to this ever present problem. The people whose homes were three-foot deep in water this Christmas deserve more than that. It’s impossible to stop it from raining, but that doesn’t mean we can’t secure a future where flooding is largely avoided, even at times of heavy, sustained rainfall. We just need to get money flowing in the right direction, instead of the wrong one. In essence, there is no sure-fire way to stop flooding. Like every other natural occurrence it is largely unpredictable. But with long-term, scientifically informed planning the British government could make huge strides in making this country better prepared By Ross Hunter Flooding: the torrent of opinion Examining solutions to prevent future flooding Photo by bass_nroll (Flickr) p.9

20.01.16 Donald Trump is undoubtedly a man who provokes controversy and has become something of a phenomenon. With a net worth of 4.5 billion dollars, Donald Trump has manufactured his unique trademark brand through spending half his life in the public eye. Turning his own fortune, desirable lifestyle and personality into an insignia of his multi-billion dollar company by the means of unending selfpromotion. It is perhaps this which has inspired his latest venture as he stands for presidential elections, one of the most influential positions in the world. Supporters of Trump perhaps see him as the prodigal son of commerce and a saviour to reinstate American values. For them he heralds in a new chapter of straight talking republican sensibility, characterized by his unique brand of outlandish controversy, which sees his opponents both appalled and perplexed by his views. Trump alienated some women voters with a critical remark about Republican presidential candidate Carly Fiorina’s looks stating, ‘I think the only difference between me and the other candidates is that I’m more honest and my women are more beautiful’. Though some may question whether ‘honest’ is the correct term to use. Along with sexist statements in his repertoire he has caused further provocation, beginning with his adverse statements in June about Mexican immigrants claiming, ‘They’re bringing drugs. They’re bring crime. They’re rapists… And some, I assume, are good people’. Alongside this he proposed erecting a wall between Mexico and the U.S. and expects Mexico to pay for the expenses. ‘I will build a great wall—and nobody builds walls better than me, believe me—and I’ll build them very inexpensively. I will build a great, great wall on our southern border, and I will make Mexico pay for that wall. Mark my words’. This may seem ironic to many as the land that Trump wishes to govern was built upon the backs of migrants of all creeds and now he wishes to force many in search of a better life out. He followed with a plan in August to deport more than 11 million illegal immigrants. Some consider such actions to show Trump to be comparative to a latent despot, if judged exclusively on his policies alone. Trump’s latest claim has stirred worldwide provocation, with many deeming it abhorrent. Trump told Yahoo News that he would contemplate requiring Muslim-Americans to register with a government database and potentially authorising that they carry specific identification cards that note their faith. This notion caused an out roar on social media as some (fairly or unfairly) accused Trump of intending to mimic laws that the Nazis imposed on Jews, as they required them to wear a gold Star of David on their clothes to denote their faith. After Trump established that he would create an archive for MuslimAmericans, an NBC reporter asked him outright: ‘Is there a difference between requiring Muslims to register and Jews in Nazi Germany?’ An evidently infuriated Trump at first refused to respond, but then said, ‘You tell me’, and walked away. There are those whom argue that this concept is fundamentally un-American. In the United States, freedom of religion is a constitutionally protected right provided in the religion clauses of the First Amendment. Furthermore, the US Presidential hopeful made his call for a ‘total and complete shutdown of the Muslims entering the United States’ in the wake of the mass shooting in San Bernardino, California, last month. Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik, a married Islamic couple, opened fire at a holiday party at the Inland Regional Centre in San Bernardino on 2nd December. Fourteen people were killed and 22 injured. However, whilst the former was categorically considered to be an act of Islamic extremist terror, mass shootings are an all too common occurrence in the United States. Take for example the shootings carried out by a white, anti-abortion, Christian, Robert Lewis Dear, aged 57. This event took place at a Planned Parenthood clinic in Colorado, not even a week previous to the events in San Bernardino. A mass shooting is a mass shooting, no matter what the ideology it is perpetrated under. And so one may argue, that it is not justifiable just to ban all Muslims from entering the United States as the same consequences are not placed upon all other religions. His media outburst after the atrocity in California catalysed many petitions against not only Trump as an individual but also his dubious policies. Within the UK, a petition has been created asking the House of Commons to block Donald Trump from entering the UK. This petition has now reached over 572,000 signatures and is scheduled to be debated on Monday the 18th January. The first of these petitions, propagated by Suzanne Kelly, stated: ‘The signatories believe Donald J Trump should be banned from UK entry. The UK has banned entry to many individuals for hate speeches. The same principles should apply to everyone who wishes to enter the UK. If the United Kingdom is to continue applying the ‘unacceptable behaviour’ criteria to those who wish to enter its borders, it must be fairly applied to the rich as well as poor, and the weak as well as powerful’. A second petition, created by David Gladwin, stated: ‘There are proposals to ban Donald Trump from the United Kingdom. At least, there’s a petition on the topic. This is totally illogical....Leave the decision making on appropriate responses to the Americans. Let’s mind our own business’. This however was only signed by nearly 40,000 people but will still be considered by parliament. The matter of fact is that the likelihood of the UK banning a US presidential candidate is slim. The UK and America have always had a ‘special relationship’. Trump is the most popular Republican candidate and so it cannot be considered unrealistic to assume that he may in fact become the next President of America. Therefore, banning a presidential candidate from entering Britain could hugely damage the UKs relationship with their closest ally. In conjunction with this Trump has threatened to extract £700 million of investment in British golf courses, if the British government acts upon the public petition. The tycoon owns the acclaimed Trump International Golf Links near Aberdeen in which he intends to invest over £500 million and Turnberry golf resort in Ayrshire where he plans to invest £200 million. However, after the news of a potential ban a representative of Trump stated: ‘Any action to restrict travel would force the Trump Organization to immediately end these and all future investments we are currently contemplating in the United Kingdom’. Despite the UK governments hesitation in reprimanding Trump in any way, his claims have not gone unpunished. RGU have recently stripped Trump of an honorary degree awarded to him in 2010 as the University believe his comments to be ‘wholly incompatible’ with the universities values. Alongside this, he was recently stripped of his role as a Scottish Business Ambassador by First Minister, Nicola Sturgeon, as she believes his comments to be ‘obnoxious and offensive’ and said they ‘do not represent the mainstream views of people across America’. This has not been the only turbulence in Trumps unsteady relationship with the Scottish Government. In December 2015, he called the Scottish government ‘foolish, small minded and parochial’ after he lost a court case to stop offshore wind farms being built close to his Turnberry golf resort. No one can deny that Donald Trump is a man capable of grossing great fortunes. However, his political sphere may be deemed somewhat conspicuous. Despite some of his questionable views, policies and ideologies, Trump continues to poll well as he inspires a large percentage of the republican electorate. One can only wait to see what America decides, will it be billionaire turned president or billionaire turned sour? His media outburst after the atrocity in California catalysed many petitions against not only Trump as an individual but also his dubious policies. Editor: Rachael McMenemy By Hannah Blues America’s Trumped-up candidate Examining the controversy surrounding Donald Trump and his relationship with the UK Photo by UK Parliament (Flickr) Photo by Gage Skidmore (Flickr) p.10

20.01.16 Editor: Maximilian Fischbach Diplomatic divides Discussing why relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia are far from cordial Diplomatic relationships between Iran and Saudi Arabia have not exactly been warm in the past due to a variety of reasons—for example, Saudi Arabia has favoured positive relations with the US and other western countries, whereas Iran has historically taken a more antagonistic stance, one that has only weakened slightly after recent talks with America over sanctions that has seen Iran lower its nuclear capacity in return for the reduction of said sanctions. The two countries have also had very different plans for the Middle East, and have fought a series of proxy wars as a result. For instance, Iran backs Assad in Syria, while Saudi Arabia joins America in calling for his removal. Iran also backs the terrorist group Hezbollah which is fighting the government Lebanon, which is one of Saudi Arabia’s key allies in the region. The reasons for this hostility are manifold, but perhaps the key feature is the difference in ideology between the two states. While both are Muslim countries, Iran is a Shiite country, while Saudi Arabia is predominantly Sunni. The Sunni-Shiite split in Islam could be compared to the Protestant-Catholic split in Christianity, although it is much older, dating back 1,400 years, almost to the founding of Islam. The split came about as a result of disagreement over who should succeed the Prophet Muhamad—his son in law, Ali was preferred by Shiites, whereas his father in law, Abu Bakr, was favoured by the group which would become Sunni Muslims. Today, roughly 90% of the world’s Muslim population is Sunni, while the remaining 10% are Shiite. Saudi Arabia and Iran are the principle Sunni and Shiite states in the Middle East respectively, and this has done very little to help relations between the two. The recent crisis in Irani-Saudi relations however came about after Saudi Arabia— perhaps unwisely—executed the man who was widely recognised as being the top Shiite cleric in Saudi Arabia, Nimr al-Nimr after accusing him of joining a terrorist organisation. A spokesman from Iran’s foreign military responded by stating that Saudi Arabia both supported terrorist organisations abroad and murdered domestic dissenters, and that they would ‘pay a high price’ for doing so—obviously, this not-soveiled threat cannot have done wonders for the relationship between the two countries. The Iranian ambassador was handed an indignant protest letter in response, but the incident did not end there—the Saudi embassy in Tehran was stormed by crowds of indignant Shiite Muslims, in scenes that were eerily reminiscent of the attacks on the American consulate in 1979. Iran’s Supreme Leader, the cleric Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has declared that Al-Nimr was a martyr, and that Saudi Arabia will receive ‘divine justice’, while for their part the Saudis have severed diplomatic ties with Iran’s response to the attack—a move Iran somewhat hypocritically states will only fuel tensions between the two countries. The UAE, also a Sunni country, has shown support for Saudi Arabia by limiting the amount of Irani diplomats in the country, and Bahrain has also cut ties— it seems as though the Sunni countries are attempting to isolate Iran. So, the question is: What can the rest of the world really do about the antagonism between the two countries? Right now, little has been done although leading politicians in the have been quick to condemn both the execution of Nimr al-Nimr and the storming of the Saudi embassy. David Cameron was firm on repeating that the United Kingdom did not support the death penalty under any circumstances, while the UN security council has strongly condemned the attack on Saudi Arabia’s embassy. However, it seems like there is little concrete action the West can actually take here—after all, we cannot force the two countries to get along, and while we might introduce sanctions and condemn violent actions on the part of either country, the West has little ability—let alone inclination—to get heavily involved in another dispute in the Middle East, although the likelihood is some effort will be made to keep Saudi Arabia as an ally alongside while simultaneously avoiding isolating and antagonising Iran, which, after all, has only just begun to re-enter the global community. By Jamie Smith Photo by Jon Connell (Flickr) Trouble in Turkey on multiple fronts Are President Erdogan’s foreign policies backfiring? On January 12th, 2016, Istanbul was shaken by a suicide bombing that killed 10 German tourists and injured another 15 people near the Blue Mosque, one of the major tourist attractions located in the historical district of the city. Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu was quick to announce that IS was responsible for the vicious attack and Turkish officials later on claimed that he came to Turkey from Syria, registering as a refugee. Only a few days later, Turkey launched a retaliation attack on IS. However it is suspicious that, unlike after the attacks on the Russian passenger plane and the Paris bombings, IS has so far not publicly claimed responsibility for the attacks in Istanbul. Moreover, the country in question, Turkey, has been accused of not only tolerating but supporting IS in order to accelerate the fall of the Assad regime in Syria which suggests that IS would be shooting itself in the foot if it were responsible for the attack. However, on the other side, Turkey might simply be acting cautiously due to its proximity to Syria and therefore its direct exposure to IS. But after all, Erdogan, elected president in August 2014, is fighting battles on several fronts and his foreign policies have been reflecting a constant back and forth. The question arises, are his foreign policies now backfiring? Since the advance of IS on Kobanî, a major city located on the border between Turkey and Syria, Turkey has been reproached for prioritizing its feud with the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) instead of IS. Tensions increased when Turkey denied the US-led coalition to use its base at Incirlik to launch air strikes against ISIS in Syria and Northern Iraq – only in July 2015 did Ankara give in to the demands and furthermore, started its own strikes on IS territory in Northern Syria. However, at the same time it initiated air strikes at PKK bases in Northern Iraq. Was the anti-terror campaign against IS simply an excuse and a cover up for destroying the PKK? A few months later on the other side, the Turkish government, under pressure from the international community, deployed hundreds of Turkish soldiers to northern Iraq in order to train troops, including Kurdish peshmerga fighters. Furthermore, Turkey has made efforts to make the border to Syria less permeable. This and the fact that the anti-IS coalition is using a Turkish air force basis for the launch of its attacks, accumulate to reasons for why IS might after all be behind the suicide bombing in Istanbul. As mentioned above, Turkey has commenced its retaliation against IS for the suicide bombing in Istanbul. The Turkish Prime Minister Davutoglu announced that 200 militants were killed in a strike on at least 500 IS bases. However, the number of casualties and the source of the number of deaths were not addressed. The attack in Istanbul has forced the Turkish government to step up its game and act more. Violence as such is not unprecedented in Turkey: in October 2015, two suicide bombers, allegedly connected to IS, took the lives of 102 demonstrators in front of Ankara’s train station. Previously, there had been attacks on supporters of the Kurdish movement at the Syrian border. The urban areas of Turkey are struggling in a fight against Kurdish youth militias, which led the government to impose curfews in several districts. Details of this conflict are sketchy but the chances of a return to dialogue are low. Tourism in Turkey is already stagnating and if Erdogan wants to preserve and moreover boost its economic benefits from it, he needs to respond to these acts of violence. Compromise and dialogue with the Kurdish community within Turkey would probably be a good step in the right direction to avoid further quarrels on this front. The right answer to the advance of ISIS on the other hand remains debatable. In the end, it might also be the case that the attacks in Istanbul do not reflect Turkey’s actions but rather Germany’s given its new involvement in the conflict after the Paris bombings. By Emily Jolie While both are Muslim countries, Iran is a Shiite country, while Saudi Arabia is predominantly Sunni. Photos left to right: Stuart Rankin (Flickr), MacPepper (Flickr) p.11

p.12 20.01.16 Flüchtlingspolitik: crazy or courageous? One student’s opinion on Angela Merkel’s asylum policy Angela Merkel caused a stir in 2015 with her compassionate asylum policy for refugees (Flüchtlingspolitik) and the controversy has continued into the New Year. The resulting influx of people has seemed at times to be more than Germany can handle, and opponents call the policy a miscalculation, pointing to the strain on the education, health, and welfare systems. In light of the consequences, people across the globe have begun to ask: was Merkel’s choice a courageous and necessary moral stand, the only appropriate response to human need, or was it a critical mistake? Was it crazy for any country to believe they should or could sustain such openness? In a world that seems increasingly politically polarised (at least based on the media), this ‘crazy or courageous’ question, so often asked, continues to divide. The left will say courageous; the right will say crazy. Those with something to gain will capitalize on fears of terrorism, violence, and poverty at home to portray open border policies as wild and reckless, while those who feel a moral obligation to assist refugees may hesitate to express concerns about logistics and infrastructure, wary of providing opponents with any fodder. The truth is, a moral policy can be imperfect, and the answer to whether open borders are ‘crazy’ or ‘courageous’ probably doesn’t fall directly and totally into one of those two categories—and we shouldn’t be split down such lines when people’s lives are at stake. I will always believe the ethical decision is to provide those who are suffering refuge and safe haven alongside those of us who are not at the moment surrounded by extreme everyday violence or excruciating poverty. In a period of inaction and procrastination from the EU and European nations, Merkel made a statement. Her decision to offer asylum on such a large scale may have been risky, but brave choices almost inherently are. Germany may have been in a better position to accept refugees than many, but opening the borders to that extent inevitably meant opening up the country to new challenges in the name of compassion. We can’t ignore the fact that new members of a population need to be integrated into existing support systems, and that this is going to be more difficult when a larger proportion of new residents are from vulnerable populations. At this point we have seen that Germany’s compassion has in fact brought with it substantial difficulties, and we have also seen a bit of the backlash. Why are the responses to immigration-related challenges often so extreme, in Germany and elsewhere? Why are difficulties sometimes taken to mean that open border policies are crazy on principle? Would more productive conversations not focus on how to improve infrastructure, reduce desperation, and increase coordination and cooperation among states? After all, the consequences of Germany’s asylum policy might not have been nearly as extreme or ‘crazy’ if more countries had been more generous earlier on and provided displaced families with more options. We should remember that none of us have any more of a natural ‘right’ to the ‘European’ or ‘American’ land we are living on than do Syrians or Eritreans—especially considering most of us have personal or familial histories of immigration ourselves—and our responses to challenges in this time say much about us, in terms of both personal and national identity. I have to believe we can pass a litmus test for character and create strong, effective policy simultaneously—because I don’t think choosing between the two should be an option. Hopefully the more we view compassion as necessary to the policymaking progress, the less ‘crazy’ policies like Merkel’s will seem. By Haley Pritchard Barack Obama: one year to go Looking at the US President’s successes and what the future holds Once upon a time in a land far, far away lived a young man. This man was full of hope, ambition and a desire to change the world for the better. Many of the people in his own thought that he was a magical saviour and built him a pedestal to share his wisdom from. Though soon the people grew tired and started chipping away at the very foundations of his glittery, shiny, hopeful pedestal until one day the man, along with his hopes and dreams came crashing down. This may read as a Brothers Grimm fairytale but that man is otherwise known as President Obama and that far away land is the USA. Nine years ago a fresh faced, eager, ambitious and impassioned young senator broke down every barrier, broke all convention and brought together a nation that yearned for change. However, like all good fairytales, it has not been without its trials and tribulations. Going into his first term he faced the challenges of mass unemployment, an economy that was crippled by the financial crisis, not to mention trying to end two wars abroad. Little to nothing, bar the will to bring about change, stood in his favour. Nine years later it’s judgement day. Has he been toppled or will he leave office with a happily ever after? Physically the strain is clear- our once noble and distinguished hero is battle worn and weary, evidently greyer, wrinklier and more hunched than when he began. Though is it any wonder? Obama, arguably, more than any other President in history has had unprecedented pressure from both sides of the political spectrum. For one side he was supposed to be the messiah like figure that brought a new and wondrous age, whilst the other side constantly depict him as an antichrist like figure, who they beat down at every opportunity. During his campaign and even throughout his presidency he’s made some big promises and has left a few unfulfilled or severely lacking. He set out to abolish Guantanamo, provide free healthcare to every American, end the conflict in Afghanistan and fix America’s gun problem. In reality he was probably overly ambitious, buoyed by the huge popular opinion numbers, a whopping 67% back in 2009 that gave him the opportunity to enact change in the first place. In reality it turns out that most Americans don’t actually want free healthcare and as a result ‘Obamacare’ couldn’t be passed in full. Instead it’s become somewhat of a laughing stock, it doesn’t provide even half of what it set out to. Guns are still a part of American life, mass shootings still happen and despite Obama taking executive action to address the problem in recent weeks, it doesn’t look like the USA will be going gun free anytime soon. Guantanamo though, is perhaps the Presidents biggest embarrassment—it’s still open. Every year he promises to try and shut it down, and try he might, but still it sits like an unwanted elder relative that harks on about times gone by at a family wedding. Perhaps President Obama began his term in office naïve to the political challenges he would face against an opposition Congress. This may read as a list of his failures but it’s not because the President isn’t an exceptionally gifted politician. Just look at his successes—‘Obamacare’ exists, it’s not perfect, but millions more people have access to basic healthcare for the first time. Officially the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq are over, not all the troops are home but the countries are probably as stable as they’ve ever been. Unemployment has nearly halved since he took office, from 9.8% in 2010 to 5% in Dec 2015. He’ll also forever be the President that took out the world’s most infamous terrorist. Moreover, he’s not given up on trying to be the hero that everyone expected him to be. His final state of the Union read a little like a presidential wish list: finally shutting Guantanamo, breaching the partisan divide and curing cancer all high on the agenda. Looking back it’s hard to be disappointed in someone who never had a chance in the first place. Hype is a terrible thing, it can ruin perfectly good movies, make brilliant books completely average and make great leaders terrible disappointments. By Rachael McMenemy At this point we have seen that Germany’s compassion has in fact brought with it substantial difficulties, and we have also seen a bit of the backlash. Photos left to right: Ben Sutherland (Flickr), John Althouse Cohen (Flickr)

20.01.16 p.13 The continuation of current existence US elections, Daesh and the Olympics: looking at the world in 2016 And now we welcome the new year, full of things that have never been’, said the German poet Rainer Maria Rilke. I’m sad to inform all readers: the succeeding year will starkly resemble the previous and merely be a continuation of the current events. 2016 is the year of the 58th United States Presidential Election. The Democrat’s representative will be Hillary Clinton. To guess the republican candidate is a task that requires more skill, but let us at least hope it will be someone that is marginally less bigoted and elitist than Donald Trump. Whether it will matter who the republican candidate becomes is perhaps the real question. Mrs. Clinton will, if no new e-mail scandal is revealed, become the next president of the United States and the first Head of State to wear skirts and lipstick. In the crystal bowl one can also discern a number of ecstatic political commentators confirming that we have finally arrived at a new step in history. A step in which there is no gender-based discrimination and where the soil is fertile for real political change. With Mrs. Clinton being of the exact same political culture as her preceding colleagues I fear her lack of a male genital is no guarantee for neither progress or prosperity for the working classes. Thus, the new canvas has been painted with the exact same colours as the former—the colours of police violence, of school shootings, of high unemployment, of substantial class divides and of working class dissatisfaction. There are however some tones of light within the darkness that is the politics of 2016. Towards the end of 2015 world leaders finally recognised that the human race’s existence is threatened by man-made global warming. Finally, the consensus agrees that there is no backup Earth hidden in the Cloud. Whether it is reasonable to assume that 2016 will be the year a global consciousness in a world where money dwarfs everything , will suddenly change into a green array of policies is however questionable. Still, we have established a starting point and sympathy for the green cause is growing. Daesh will continue to expand, grow and stir terrorism. The result of which, will narrow the relatively wide range of civil liberties we enjoy in the west, give rise to more followers of extreme right parties and a wave of popular xenophobia will hit the shores of Europe and the US. The media will be the main arbiter in these processes, as it has been thus far. Unceasing narratives about problems related to the migrant flow, completely eclipse the varieties of opportunities it shines light upon. Such tendencies have already been seen in France and most recently Sweden, where police have purposely withheld information that would give support to the Swedish Democrats, an extreme right party. These tendencies do not seem to shift dramatically the next 11 months and public opinion will only lean more towards the right. The cultural event of the year is the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. Yet again, an expensive sporting event will be the highlight of all sport lovers’ year. It is paradoxical and peculiar how human emotions rise to high-tide by a (virtually) meaningless sporting event, and consequently manage to completely ignore real issues. Once again, we have seen this before and the condition of negligence has become a solid pillar in the 21st century human condition. This does not necessarily need to be all negative though. People in a troubled world need the occasional break of joy. I therefore conclude that the birth of a new year is no birth of a new world, and not much will change in the one we possess. Some consolation may however be found in the establishment of a few vital starting points. By Lars Petter Teigen Moving away from meat Opining the merits of going vegetarian There has honestly never been an easier time to go meat free. Cafés and restaurants are competing with each other by constantly introducing more vegetarian and vegan options, and supermarkets are expanding their healthy eating sections. I simply cannot go to a shop without seeing something new labelled as vegetarian or vegan. I’ve also never felt this excited about food before. Turning vegetarian has truly been the best decision I’ve made in my life. In autumn of 2014, Channel 4 aired a documentary called Vietnam’s DogSnatchers, about people who stole dogs, killed them, and sold them off for meat. It terrified me. I didn’t understand how anyone could be so cruel to animals that we call our best friends. I also couldn’t comprehend how anyone would want to eat dog meat. But this wasn’t even what terrified me the most. While watching it with the guy I was seeing, he made a point that stirred something inside me. He said: ‘How is killing dogs any more cruel than killing cows, pigs, chickens and so on, for meat?’. I remember making typical meat-lover excuses, saying ‘this is different’, ‘dogs are pets’, ‘humans always ate meat’, only to realise soon after how right he was. I bought my first vegetarian cookbook not long after seeing that documentary. I didn’t really know what I was looking for and so the book turned out to be a disappointment. I remember flipping through its pages not even knowing what some of the listed ingredients were. I felt discouraged and thought that beginning this transition would be way harder than it actually was. But I was determined not only to eat vegetarian food, but to cook it myself, so I bought another cookbook that introduced me to many wonderful dishes. All of that was just the beginning. I turned vegetarian at the end of 2014, during Christmas. I decided at our Polish Christmas Eve dinner that this was the last piece of meat I would have. I haven’t looked back since and I’ve never felt better. But turning vegetarian didn’t merely revolutionise what was on my plate—it revolutionised my whole lifestyle, and how couldn’t it? For one, it taught me a lot about food and what’s good for me. There were so many words that were alien to me prior to turning vegetarian: Quinoa, chia, freekeh, amaranth, bulgur, tahini, tempeh, seitan— to name just a few. Now they appear in my meals almost every day. Turning vegetarian also opened my eyes to so many other important matters. It made me a more compassionate person who no longer wants to support companies who openly test on animals or use animal ingredients in their products. You would be surprised at how many big companies still test on animals, and what they test. For example, the company Kikkoman only recently pledged to stop testing their soy sauce on animals. Fortunately, the sale of cosmetics tested on animals has been banned in the whole of the European Union since 2013. However, Chinese law requires that many brands in the UK must conduct tests before being made available on their market. There is still a long way to go. When some people learn that I am vegetarian they often tell me that they wouldn’t be able to do this, and sometimes they will even tell me that I’m missing out on many delicious foods. The truth is, I’m not missing out on anything. There is a whole world of exciting vegetarian and vegan food waiting to be discovered. By Angelika Dunn There are however some tones of light within the darkness that is the politics of 2016. Towards the end of 2015 world leaders finally recognised that the human race’s existence is threatened by manmade global warming. Photos left to right: Kent Wien (Flickr), Thomas (Flickr) DISCLAIMER All opinions expressed in the Opine section are those of the authors of the articles and do not necessarily represent views held by The Gaudie, AUSA, or any company which advertises in The Gaudie.

20.01.16 Opine Editor: Maximilian Fischbach Your article here. Do you want to write for The Gaudie? Email [email protected] and like us on Facebook at ‘Gaudie Student Newspaper’ p.14 Remembering the Starman’s serenades Bowie has passed, but his music lives on There was a Starman, whom I fell in love with every night. He sung rock serenades and looked me in the eyes with an intensely playful passion; with the acceptance of a Tibetan monk; like a partner in crime. When I was in no need for such companions I eliminated the soundtrack. The rest of the day and night, he lived for others, sat with them on the bus, was an ally, a friend, a conspirator. He waited in the sky and I could—and did—trust him implicitly, entirely, forever, even after he’d actually departed back to his planet. I can still find him, or part of him at least, still in our world; dancing, singing, being. The man behind him has left also, yet him I never knew—he could be one of any number of men or women whose words filter through my brain (everyone’s brain) every day, both when we’re wallowing in smoky solitude and when we’re out in the world; when the planet is crashing and when new stars are born. Memories keep the melodies and they become entwined, one ensnares the other; in twenty years two different eyes will remind me of someone who I both did and didn’t know in my twenties. But the man beneath the persona—the character; the imaginary lover; the ultimate confidant—has died. And our generation is just starting to feel the effect of age and time: soon, too soon, we will mourn McCartney, Jagger, Townshend, Daltrey, May, Richards, Petty, a little later, Smith and so many others… The present starlings can’t compete with giants of the past. Or at least they can’t to me. But our biology is unfair and non-negotiable—it will keep on claiming our secret, almost imaginary friends. The ones who urge us to rebel, to disregard the opinions of—insignificant— others, who push us to make a difference, who remind us that being your own person with your own opinions is of the upmost importance. The one’s who sing of love, felt only for a moment, yet worth it. The ones who form us and live within us. At some point in the future, everyone will live only in the mind. My favourite musician will be someone I can only tell hypothetical grandchildren of; their words will have become an obscure poem with scratchy music that only few kids will care to decipher. A code. But an important code at that—a code that built me, that created large part of more than one generation. We live the way we do (or some of us, anyway) because of the words and music of visionaries like David Bowie. Like The Rolling Stones, like The Beatles, like The Who, whose songs become a shorthand—a dictionary and a remedy for the whole spectrum of emotions. I’m still going to listen to David Bowie’s words. They will create a shimmering protective chainmail from the safety of which I can observe the other people going about their lives, try to understand their actions and mine, or maybe just judge everyone mercilessly with an invisible, equally cruel accomplice. We hear their voices, but characters can be moulded into the exact person who is needed at that particular moment. The crazy costumes can be summoned and altered for size. But Bowie won’t write and more music or think up new way of being and seeing. All we definitively have are YouTube videos of an ally who aged to ultimately become ageless. The art he created in his lifetime has improved—or at least altered—me, and made a dent in my worldview, and David Bowie was more present than most of the real people I know. When you romanticise an illusion enough, it can replace reality entirely. By Gabija Barnard Photo by Marc Wathieu (Flickr)

20.01.16 Happy New Year! And happy new party it would seem, because most of the existing shadow cabinet appear to have resigned in protest at my brand of politics that strays just enough out of the centre to make me ‘unelectable’. My suspicions were first piqued when I saw Catherine McKinnell wearing a ‘Better Dead Than Red’ t-shirt. I expect that I’ll have no bloody cabinet left by March and will be forced to appoint Len McCluskey, Arthur Scargill and Russell Brand just to keep any kind of agreement in place. 2016 is sodded anyway. Bowie, Lemmy, and Rickman all dying whilst Donald Trump continues to live suggests there is absolutely no way this year can go well for anyone. It’s not my fault my cabinet was full of fucking Tories anyway—for which I blame Milibland. I wonder what he’s doing with himself nowadays... I heard him talking about starting a business in giving elocution lessons, but I don’t think that whould go vewy rell. It doesn’t help my mood that old Gammon Face Hameron is smug as a Cheshire Cat these days. With Trump’s election a legitimate possibility and the migrant crisis straining attitudes towards migrants, his bid for pork-fuelled fascism remains intact. I bet the arrogant twat still wants to build that ridiculous billion-pound lagoon in Swansea. I’m not even sure that Swansea has reliable clean drinking water, or whether its residents have discovered fire yet, so God only knows why it needs a blasted lagoon. It’d only be useful if you filled the lagoon with heroin. At least then you’d keep the city quiet for a bit. One thing that has cheered me up is the fracturing of the Anglican Church. The only religion I’m prepared to tolerate is Pastafarianism. I think my image as a strong leader will be added to by sporadic colander wearing at public appearances and in official documents. Those Corbynistas will be Colandistas yet. Never mind. If that fails, I’m thinking of getting away from it all and taking part in The Jump with Linford Christie, someone from a girl band and one of the fat blokes from The Only Way is Essex. By competing, I’ll give myself an experience of the rapid descent followed by plummet into the cold ground that I can expect come the next election. Nothing like a bit of optimism for the New Year. Overheard by Christopher Wood Puzzles Editor: David Robertson ADVANCEDSUDOKU   ffi fl    fl   ffi         fl      STANDARDSUDOKU    ffi    ffi  ffi            fl    Across 3 Junior branch of British Scout Associations (4) 5 Book listing information on many subjects (13) 9 Offensive position in hand ball games (7) 10 Raised support for coffin (10) 12 Improve form, structure or appearance (6) 15 Leader of Islamic prayer (4) 16 Socially active at night (informal) (12) 21 French fashion house founded 1946 (4) 22 Group of states or countries governed by single ruler or sovereign state (6) 23 Brazilian slum or shanty town (6) 24 Community in which companies and employees share economic success (11,7) 27 Rare example of venomous mammal (4-6,8) 33 Pithy statement expressing a general truth (5) 34 Remove material considered improper, with the result that the text becomes weaker (10) CLASSICCROSSWORD By David Robertson        fl ffi         fl ffi         fl ffi      Down 1 Method of disproving a premise by showing its outcome is illogical (Latin) (8,2,8) 2 Expanding fabric used in sportswear (5) 3Rounded dome atop a roof (6) 4 Cause of distress or annoyance (4) 6 Sedative that numbs a restricted region (5,11) 7 Great pain or suffering (7) 8 Underwriter of risk that provides compensation (7) 11 Crossing or beyond a large body of water (12) 13 Solemn promise (3) 14 Combining two or more aspects or qualities (11) 17 Widen or open (4) 18 Dog bred for hunting burrowing animals (7) 19 North American horse breed (9) 20 Parasitic insects (4) 25 Relax in a lazy way (4) 26 Unpleasantly sticky (informal) (4) 28 Ornamental carp (3) 29 Sound and video format (abbrev.) (3) 30 Strong, caustic alkali solution (3) 31 Seminal American writer (3) 32 Depression arising during winter (abbrev.) (3) I expect that I’ll have no bloody cabinet left by March and will be forced to appoint Len McCluskey, Arthur Scargill and Russell Brand just to keep any kind of agreement in place. Visit www.thegaudie. co.uk/puzzles on Thursday for solutions p.15

20.01.16 Serving up success Sport Editor: Alistair Hunter An interview with two racket bearing university teams on a winning streak The world of sport has produced many iconic championship winning teams. However, few have had the honour of lasting a full season without being defeated. In the English Premier League, Arsene Wenger’s Arsenal side famously stayed unbeaten for an entire league season in 2004, and became immortalised as ‘The Invincibles’. In that top division of football, Arsenal’s achievement is one of only two examples of a team staying unbeaten in over 125 years. Across other sports, it might be slightly easier, or slightly more difficult, but it does highlight how gruelling and challenging it can be to stay undefeated. Coming into the new year, there are still several sports teams at the university that remain undefeated in official university competition, with several more able to do the same in the local leagues. In the BUCS leagues, these teams include representatives from badminton, fencing, rugby, squash, and tennis. Of course, maintaining the same commitment to sport as deadlines and exams loom can be very challenging, so these teams deserve a lot of credit for maintaining their unbeaten runs. The Gaudie caught up with men’s badminton 2nd team captain Grant Rutledge and squash president Bruno Shaw to discuss their achievements so far this season. What personal attributes within the team have enabled you to remain unbeaten this season? > We’ve been quite lucky this year as a lot of very good freshers have joined the club and given me a lot of options to choose from. Last year we had to forfeit several games as we struggled to field a team. This year however I’ve been able to field a team every week without many problems. > There is a high level of confidence throughout the team this year, especially in local leagues. We feel that before we play most matches we are good enough to win, whereas in previous years we have had our doubts. How often do you train every week? Can you attribute this unbeaten run to hard work put in during training? > As a club we train three times a week, on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, playing our BUCS matches on Saturdays. Obviously I think the more a team practices and trains together the odds of getting a good result on a match day are significantly higher. > We train roughly four times a week, and it is evident that with more training we have improved. We are lucky this year to have five national league players at the university who train with the teams and therefore everyone improves. At ever y level, teamwork is obviously very important. Would you say that the bonds within your sports club have helped you to succeed? > Everyone here is really good friends and I think it definitely helps to have to start off with. When we play doubles in BUCS, teamwork is incredibly important, even though it’s just two people. Being able to communicate effectively and operate as a unit, while having a good understanding of your partner’s style of play gives you a great advantage in any match you go into. > Our team has a great relationship. The majority of us are in our third or fourth year of university and therefore we have been playing together for some time. Off the court we are all good friends. We tend to go out the night after our match as well which definitely improves team chemistry. When playing for the university having a good laugh is just as important as doing well. Have there been any games where you feared you would be defeated? How did the team rise to this challenge? > A few games into the season we were very close on points with RGU who were in unbelievable form, they were simply blowing teams away. As you can imagine a lot rested on our game with them, whoever won would have a clear advantage for the rest of the season and as a result, this made me very nervous. However, we managed to win the game 12-0 which was a huge achievement for the team and the result has definitely given us a great chance of winning the league and gaining promotion. Another game came slightly later on in the season away at Queen Margaret 1sts, a team we had beaten quite easily 12-0. However, this was a weekend that a lot of people were unable to play due to other commitments so the team I played was relatively inexperienced. Queen Margaret had a much stronger team than last time as well, which made the contest a lot more interesting. Fortunately, we managed to win the match 7-5 but it came right down to the very last game and could have gone either way. > There have been numerous games this year in which I feared we might lose however we have risen up to the challenge and pulled through. There are still matches coming up in the next few weeks which I feel we could struggle, especially after a long Christmas break, however I have good faith that the team will pull through. Do you think this run can continue until the end of the university year? Are there any upcoming games that you would consider to be tough? > It’s hard to tell. I’d say the games are definitely winnable, as they are against teams we have played and beaten already this season. Our last game is a rematch against RGU who no doubt will be hungry for revenge, and I think this game will be significantly tougher than the last one as a couple of their key players who were missing last time will most likely play this time. We just have to try our best to continue the form that has made us so successful this season and hopefully we can maintain our 100% record. > The BUCS first team has won the league and gone unbeaten and therefore we have qualified for the championship trophy. Realistically, we will struggle to progress as we are playing against universities who have top 100 ranked world players, but It will still be a great experience for the team. The second BUCS team still have 3 fixtures remaining, however against a strong RGU and Strathclyde first team we will have to really step up our game. In the Grampian leagues there is a very high possibility that we will achieve a record breaking unbeaten season. With only ten matches left and only one match vs our promotion rivals, the opportunity is there to take. The second team in Grampian division 4 has had an unbelievable season too. Despite only winning two matches in their previous two years, they have won seven games this year and lost five. Credit must be given to the team and the captain Hamish Carter. Are there any sporting heroes that you take inspiration from? > While obviously not from the badminton world, I have a huge admiration for Alex Ferguson. I think that his ability motivate and get the best out of his players is something I strive to emulate as a team captain. > Personally I feel anyone who has succeeded in a sport is an inspiration. As a big football fan I see players such as Ronaldinho and Rafael Van Der Vaart as an inspiration as they could perform at top levels, win trophies and most importantly they were exciting to watch and will always be remembered. The second team will go on to play three more league matches this season, as well as facing a crucial BUCS Conference Cup clash against the University of Edinburgh Men’s 2nd team on February 20th, who are two leagues above them. Meanwhile, the first team is currently tied at the top of their division with the aforementioned Edinburgh Men’s 2nd team and the University of St Andrews 1st team, with five wins from seven games – although the others have a game in hand. They will also face opposition in Edinburgh for their Conference Cup fixture, as they will face the third team from the capital straight after the seconds play there. Hopefully both teams from Aberdeen will keep performing well. The squash first team has already wrapped up division victory, and as a result have qualified for the champion’s trophy tournament. In the division below, the second team are also unbeaten, and have three matches left to play; two of those will be against their closest rivals for division glory. The Gaudie wishes them both the best of luck! By Kieran George p.16 Photos courtesy of the UoA Badminton and Squash teams